Do Now:

DO YOU HAVE A NEIGHBOR OR NEIGHBORS THAT DO NOT GET ALONG? WHY?

Do Now: Scenario 1: The Smiths and Bolsheviks are next door

neighbors at the end of a cul de sac. They historically hate each other. One side of the cul de sac has wealthy families including the Smiths. The other side is poorer and includes the Bolsheviks. There was a crime spree of robberies in the neighborhood. To stop the crime, the neighbors do work together in a community watch and the Smiths purchased a mean, nasty dog to help guard the neighborhood. The crime spree ended. The Bolsheviks feel the Smiths should get rid of the dog. The Smiths want to keep it. The Bolsheviks can not afford to get a dog on their own. What should be done?

The Smiths-wealthy,

own dog, hate Bolsheviks

The Bolsheviks-poor, no dog, hate Smiths

Mean, nasty dog

Scenario 2:

To anger the Smiths, the Bolsheviks and the poorer families decide to share money to buy a mean, nasty dog for their side of the cul de sac. If you are the Smiths and the wealthier families what would you do?

Scenario 3:

After the solutions of Scenario 2, what do you think the Smiths should do now?

How does this relate to events after WWII?

Yalta Conference Feb 4-11, 1945

Met off of Black Sea in Crimea before end of WWII to discuss outcome

U.S.A (FDR), Soviet Union (Stalin), & Britain (Churchill)

Soviets wanted buffer zone so don’t get invaded (Poland)

Want to weaken Germany (break into 4 parts)

U.S. & Britain don’t agree (start WWIII) but U.S. needs Soviet help with Japan so agree, but Soviets have to give new nations free elections

What other agreements were there?

Potsdam Conference Potsdam, Germany Stalin, Attlee

(Churchill at start), Truman

July 17-Aug 2, 1945

Provisions: Poland Division Germany Reparations Others?

Biggest disagreements?Future of Germany and Poland!

What Provisions Were Not Followed?

After WWII

The Cold War

1945-1991

How is the U.N. organized?

The United Nations Conference in San

Francisco Formed with 51

countries that tried to prevent conflicts

Based in N.Y. Five countries led-

U.S.A, Britain, France, U.S.S.R, China (has veto power)

Human Declaration of Rights 1948 by U.N. 1. All people free and

equal 2. End to slavery,

torture, inhumane punishment

3. Civil Rights-assembly, courts

4. Free elementary education

Committee chaired by Eleanor Roosevelt

Fate of Great Britain

Had to pay back Lend Lease fall into depression

Oust Churchill (blame for depression)

P.M. Attlee Capitalist/Socialist Can’t afford to keep empire India independence 1947 Then Burma, Australia,

Canada Does not want atomic bomb

Economic Development

International Monetary Fund (IMF)

Aid poor countries Money grants and loans

to create projects to provide jobs

Policies for international trade that benefit all countries

General Agreements on Tariffs & Trade (GATT)

1948 Reduce trade barriers

And so it begins… Marshall Plan: U.S. aid

European countries economically so they don’t fall to communism after WWII

Truman Doctrine: 1947 Truman fears Soviets will not live up to their agreements at Potsdam Conference and begins policy of containment

NSC-68: signed in 1950 by Truman quadrupled the amount spent on defense and stated ~20% GDP go to defense

How do we stop the spread of communism?Pour billions into weakened European

economies!

Truman Policies

Truman Doctrine: economically help struggling countries

i.e. Greece & Turkey

So won’t fall to communism

Marshall Plan: Extends Truman Doctrine

Sec State Marshall

$13.4 billion

Mainly G.B., France, Italy

Arab-Israeli Conflict

U.N. sectioned off to make two countries to create a Jewish homeland for refugees from Holocaust

War 1948 Egypt, Syria, Jordan, Lebanon,

Iraq against Israel Israel wins 750,000 Palestinians

misplaced-still a controversy today

Fate of Japan Occupied until 1952

(under the 1951 San Francisco Peace Treaty)

MacArthur in charge Democracy Hirohito emperor if

cooperates Tojo executed by

hanging 1948 Scapegoated?

Election of 1948 Truman versus Republican

N.Y. Governor Thomas Dewey

Truman’s approval rating 36%

Civil rights policies hurt his approval

(In 1948, Executive Order 9981 racially desegregated the military)

Truman wins surprisingly! Dewey: He had run against

F.D.R

in 1940 and 1944

V.P. Alben Barkley

Fate of U.S. Become world power Have atomic bomb 1952 get hydrogen bomb Capitalist Truman President until

1953 Dwight Eisenhower “Ike”

President 1953-1961 “Everyone Likes Ike!” Vice President Richard

Nixon

Eisenhower & Communism

Eisenhower Doctrine- 1957, U.S. has right

to intervene in the Middle East to stop the spread of communism

SEATO-Southeast Asia Treaty Organization

Australia, Great Britain, France, New Zealand, Pakistan, Philippines, Thailand, U.S.

Help support a non-communist government in South Vietnam

Fate of Soviet Union

Stalin dies 1953 Khrushchev becomes

leader Communist Mad we did not tell them we

had atomic bomb & feels they had to fight the eastern front without help (most causalities)

Does not keep promise from Yalta for free elections

Get atomic bomb 1949 Get Hydrogen bomb 1953

Welcome to the

Cold War!!!!

Nuremberg Trials

Nuremberg, Bavaria 1945-1946 Originally major war

crimes (23 people) Second was judges

and doctors

Fate of Germany

Sectioned into 4 parts East Germany went to

U.S.S.R West to France, GB,

U.S.A (We eventually combine to make West Germany)

Split capital of Berlin in Soviet zone as well

Berlin Airlift First conflict of Cold War Soviets block supplies from coming into Berlin so they would gain complete control

Many people starving/lack of resources

June 1948-May1949 US & Britain airlift ~

13,000 tons of supplies Afterward became East

Germany & West Germany

Berlin Wall 1961 Built in 1961 under J.F.K Separated East from

West Berlin Fell in Nov. 1989 Symbol of the Cold War &

Fall marks the beginning of the end of the Cold War

http://www.history.com/topics/cold-war/berlin-wall

Berlin WallIn 1960’s Fall in 1989

Symbol of the Cold War Symbol of the end of the Cold War

Red Scare -Senator Joe McCarthy

Vows to rid of spread of communism because he “has a list of names” to get elected

HUAC-House Un-American Activities Committee-investigated suspected communists

Hollywood Ten- accused writers and directors of spreading communism through film by hiring communist actors

Spent a year in jail for refusing to cooperate under questioning

McCarthyism Impact: started a widespread fear

of communismMcCarthyism: unfairly accusing people of

disloyalty & being communist

Julius & Ethel Rosenberg

Accused of selling bomb secrets to Soviets

Tried & executed 1953 Ethel re-executed Targeted because they

were Russian immigrants (shows shift in discrimination)

NATO-North Atlantic Treaty Organization

United States Canada United Kingdom France Italy Netherlands Norway Iceland Denmark Belgium Luxemburg Portugal

An agreement against an attack from the Soviet Union

Warsaw Pact

Soviet Union Albania Czechoslovakia Hungary East Germany Poland Romania Bulgaria

The Iron Curtain

Churchill states “An iron curtain has descended upon the Continent”

The Eastern Bloc

Satellite Nation: appears to be an independent nation but really is ruled by another.

Soviets had areas around them as satellite nations during the Cold War.

Yugoslavia

Leader Josip Tito Split from Stalin 1948 Was an Ally in WWII so

independent Communist but not part

of Stalin’s satellite nations

Yugoslavia divided in 1992 after ethnic wars

Communist China China became

communist in 1949 after a civil war

Overthrow of Nationalist Party led by Chiang Kai-shek (ally to U.S.) who flees to Taiwan

Mao Zedong (1949-1976) controversial leader

China is in transition today

The Space Race In 1957 Soviets launch

Sputnik First earth orbiting

artificial satellite How does the U.S. feel? Technologically inferior Starts Space Race in

Cold War Changes U.S. school

curriculum

It’s a Cold War with Hot Zones…

Conflicts will break out in:-Korea-Vietnam-Latin America-The Middle East Why?-Containment: US policy to stop

the spread of Communism-Domino Theory: fear that if one

country falls to communism their neighbor will too

Communism

99 Red balloons-1984