Do Now Please pull out last night’s homework and make sure your name is on it before turning it in.

• Due Friday (now today)• Explain in detail the impact of Cromwell on the

English Civil War.• Must be a minimum of 200 words.

• Due Monday: (Today)• Short essay explaining the Glorious Revolution. Why

is it called that? What is the Social and political impact of the Glorious Revolution?

• Must be a minimum of 200 words.

Homework due last week• Read pages 614-617• Identify the following terms from the reading:• Charles I• Petition of Right• English Civil War – understand why it was fought and

what were the two sides.• Oliver Cromwell Bill of Rights• Charles II Cabinet• Habeas Corpus• Restoration of Habeas Corpus• William of Orange• Glorious Revolution• Constitutional Monarchy

Homework• On Tuesday the class will have a notebook quiz based around

the following concepts:• How did James I became King. Where was he originally

ruling?• What was the on going tension between Elizabeth,

James and Charles when dealing with the Parliament.• Be able to explain the conflict with the parliament and

the theory of an Absolute Monarchy• Why is the Petition of Rights an important document.• How did Charles’s dissolving of the parliament work for

him?• What sparked the English Civil War and what were the

sides?• What is the importance of Oliver Cromwell? What are

his mistakes?

The King is toppled• In 1641, the parliament passed more laws to limit

Charles and future king’s power.• Charles responded by trying to arrest members of

the Parliament, but the members escaped.• Riots broke out near Charles palace and he left

London. • Charles found loyal followers and raised an army to

take on Parliament.• A Civil War soon developed.• It occurred between 1642 ~ 1649.

The Civil War• The two sides were the Royalist aka Cavaliers (these

people supported King Charles) and the Puritan supporters of the Parliament known as the Roundheads.

• The first few years neither side could gain ground, but by 1644, the Roundheads had Oliver Cromwell rising up.

• In 1645, Cromwell redesigned the army and began making progress. In 1647, Cromwell’s army had captured King Charles.

• In 1649, Cromwell and Parliament put the king on trial for treason. He was found guilty.

Executing a King• Cromwell ordered the execution to be carried out to

show to the people that the King was nothing more than a man that held power.

• Cromwell took over, but not as King or at least that was his claim.

• He abolished the monarchy and the House of Lords (what we would call the Senate).

• He established a Republic, but he sent dissolved parliament. His associate John Lambert wrote a constitution, the first of its kind. But Cromwell followed Charles’s mistakes.

• He ripped up the constitution. He ruled as a military dictator (Martial Law).

Cromwell’s mistakes• In Cromwell’s attempt to rule unlike a King, he ruled

very much like a king. His rule was law. • Cromwell became very unpopular. • Charles lost his throne because he refused to allow

Parliament to take responsibility and because he felt he knew better he knew better. This too would be Cromwell’s failure.

• Cromwell was quickly distracted by rebellions in Ireland. He spent a great deal of time and money putting them down (and causing another population of people to hate him).

Cromwell’s mistakes• The Puritans had a firm grip on English society, and

they felt since Cromwell was a Puritan they could easily impose their beliefs on the English people.

• The Puritans wanted to end activities they felt were sinful such as dancing, sporting events, theater.

• Cromwell favored more toleration except anything Catholic. This created tension with the Puritans.

• He ruled until his death in 1658. Following his death his government collapsed.

• A new Parliament was elected. The English had enough of military rule.

• The Parliament asked Charles I’s son, Charles II to rule England

Restoration of the Monarchy• Charles II entered London in 1660 to an excited

crowd wishing for stability and ending of the chaos.• His return was known as the Restoration.• One major act passed by Parliament was the

guarantee of freedom known as Habeas corpus.• Habeas corpus is a Latin term meaning “to have the

body”. The purpose was to lay out why someone was being charged with a crime and then brought before a judge. The judge was to determine whether the prisoner should be sentenced or released.

• This stopped the ruler from throwing someone in jail without a reason.