The Progressive Era

DO NOWUsing a T-chart, work together with a partner to brainstorm different issues or concerns people in rural areas might have and issues facing people in urban areas today (21st century).Put a star by any issues you wrote down that you feel would have also been an issue for that community in the late 1800s.The Progressive EraUS Unit 1 Part 1 Presentation

New Political Parties and Groups: Populists and ProgressivesThe populists were a rural party that rose out of the economic recessions of the late 1800s and the decline in farm profits. Low farm prices following the Civil War and high industrial prices paid by farmers led the Populist movement to demand reforms to assist farmers.The Progressives were an urban party that rose out of the desire to see change and to make government more responsive to the people.

Populist: Rural ReformersPushed for the passing of the Interstate Commerce Act of 1887.Established Cooperative Organizations of Farmer that provided insurance to farmers, pushed for the income tax (redistribute wealth), but in the end remained racially divided.Created the political Populist Party that although never won office, still had a great influence on politic at the time.

Progressives Urban ReformersFought for the rights of workers, specifically workers pay and working conditions.Created a political party that lasted for sometime and competed in most elections.Overall was concerned with the widening gap between rich and poor created during the Gilded Age.

Reform Leaders: Susan B. Anthonyleading force in the womens suffrage movement for fifty years (from the 1850s)founder of the National Womens Suffrage Association, led to the 19th Amendment (1919) guaranteeing womens suffrage.

Reform Leaders: W.E.B. DuBoisAfrican-American civil rights leader from the 1890s to the 1940scalled for immediate extension of civil rights to African-Americans and helped found the NAACP (National Association for the Advancement of Colored People).

Reform Leaders: Robert LaFolletteLeader of the Progressive Party in the 1920s favored the breakup of corporate monopolies, farm relief, and reduced income taxes.

Reform Leaders: Frances Willarda leader in reforms for women she headed the National Council of Women in 1888, the Womens Christian Temperance Union, and worked tirelessly for womens suffrage.Also became a leader in the prohibition movement to ban alcohol.

Reform Leaders: Jane AddamsPioneer social worker and winner of the Nobel Peace Prize in 1931Addams was most remembered for her work at Hull House in Chicago and her work for womens suffrage. Hull house became a model shelter and assistance center for new immigrants and impoverished Americans.

Reform Leaders: Ida B. WellsIda B. Wells-Barnett was a fearless anti-lynching crusader, suffragist, women's and civil rights advocate, journalist, and speaker.

MuckrakersInvestigative reporter who exposed controversies in order to inspire change.Upton Sinclair best known for his novel The Jungle that led to the passage of the Pure Food and Drug ActIda Tarbull The lasting results of Ida Tarbell's brand of investigative journalism, most notably with the History of the Standard Oil Company, led to the 1911 Supreme Court decision to break up the Standard Oil trust.

What conclusions can be drawn from this cartoon? Use the OPTIC strategy to write down what you see and try and tie them together.

Theodore RooseveltWar Veteran and RepublicanBecame President while Vice President to William McKinley who was assassinated.Very progressive President who believed reforming society, regulating business (trust-busting), and the protection of natural resources.Youngest President to serve up to that point and was reelected in 1904.Favored a strong U.S. Military with a modern Navy to protect American interests and territories.

Open Door Policy

Roosevelt continued the Open Door Policy of the Presidents before him.The Open Door Policy called for the U.S. to expand foreign trade, even if it had to force trade (China). The idea was to create a global power like the nations of Europe.Panama CanalOne of the greatest foreign policy accomplishments of Roosevelt.Connected the Atlantic and Pacific and cut trade time drastically resulting in huge profits for the U.S. who leased the land around and the canal itself from Panama until 1999.Massive project that although a great accomplishment resulted in many workers deaths.

Pure Food and Drug Act of 1906One of the great progressive accomplishments of the Roosevelt Presidency was the creation of the FDA that regulated food, medicine, and other industries in order to protect the American consumer republic.Products had to be approved and had to disclose their ingredients.

William Howard TaftElected in 1908 as a Republican and viewed as the successor to Roosevelt.Continued anti-trust legislation and workers rights laws of the progressive era.For some members of the Republican party, Taft did not do enough and the result was some party members leaving the Republicans to form a new third party around Roosevelt.Taft was a former judge and will later become a Supreme Court Judge under President Harding.

Dollar DiplomacyPresident Taft believed in using Americas prosperity as a source of diplomatic strength.Taft gained support from foreign nations and obtained favorable treaties and agreements by providing loans to these developing countries. He also encouraged American business in those nations.The result was many countries now indebt to the U.S. What are the implications of this?

Woodrow WilsonElected President in 1912 representing the Democratic Party (Won as a result of the Republicans being divided)Huge supporter of progressive reforms like womens suffrage and continued anti-trust legislation of the presidents before him.Also supporter workers rights and limiting working hours.President during World War I and reelected to a 2nd term in 1916.Suffered a stroke while in office in 1919.

Federal Reserve Act of 1913Wilson led the way to the creation of the Federal Reserve which is the national bank of the United States and still exists today.The Federal Reserve regulates banking and major economic activity in the U.S. and overall promotes policies to keep the economy stable.

National Park System 1916Passed in 1916, the National Park Act, created and maintained a system of federally protected national parks that to this day preserve natural treasures of the nation.Conservation of resources was a key element of the Progressive movement and the motivating factor behind this legislation.