“do not trust people - they are capable of greatness” stanislaw lem trust models steve marsh...
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“Do not trust people - they are capable of greatness”
Stanislaw Lem
Trust ModelsSteve Marsh
Carleton University, November 2nd [email protected]
© stephen marsh, 2009QuickTime™ and a
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Outline
Why
What
How
Why…
Trust as Syllogism
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Yes, but why in agents?
Societies and decisions
What…
… is it?
No wait!
What…
… isn’t it?
What…
… is it?
Trust is complexity reduction
Trust is history
Trust is reasoning
Trust is observability
Trust is not control
Trust is risk in action
Trust is seen in action
Or the air
Like light
Don’t just talk about it, do it…And see it…
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Caveat…
What… On Trust Models
Types
Functions
Representations
Models of Trust
Cognitive
Game-Theoretical
Hybrid (possibly)
Modes
(so, what’s it for?How’s it work?)
Establishment
Establishment
Reasoning
Establishment
Reasoning
Action
Representations
Fuzzy Terms
Logic
Real Numbers
Integers
Vectors
How…Two ‘real life’ models
Marsh; 1994, 2009Castelfranchi (et al); (various), 2009
(there are lots more…)
Types of Trust
The Marsh Model
Types of Trust 1:Basic
€
Tx
The Marsh Model
Types of Trust 2:General
€
Tx (y)
The Marsh Model
Types of Trust 3:Situational
€
Tx (y,α )
The Marsh Model
How much do I have?
€
Tx (y,α ) = Ux (α ) × Ix (α ) ×) T x (y)
The Marsh Model
How much do I need?
€
C _ Tx (y) =Riskx (α )
Competencex (y,α ) +) T x (y)
× Ix (α )
The Marsh Model
Do I ‘Trust’ Thee?
€
Tx (y,α ) ≥ C _ Tx(y,α ) → Trustsx (y,α )
The Marsh Model
Distrust, Mistrust, Untrust, Ambivalence
Oh My!
The Marsh Model
Regret
€
Regret x (α ) = (Ux (α ) −Ux (α −)) • f (κ ,λ ,μ)
The Marsh Model
Regret Adapts Trust (with Understanding)
€
f =C _ Tx (α )t + Tx (y,α )t
Ξx
× (Regret x (α ) − Regret y (α ))
The Marsh Model
Anticipatory Regret
€
C _Tx (y) =Riskx (α )
Competencex (y,α ) +) T x (y)
× (Ix (α ) − ARx (α −))
The Marsh Model
Forgiveness Repairs Trust
€
Tx (y)t +tFtx = Tx (y)t +tFtx−1 + Fkx
The Marsh Model
Forgiveness Function
€
Fkx =(Regret y (α ) − Regret x (α ) + Ix (xy))
Ftx
× Tx (y)
(There are limits to Forgiveness)The Marsh Model
Continuum
-1 10Distrust Trust
UntrustC_TLimit of
Forgivability
The Marsh Model
A Logical Model
The Castelfranchi et al. Model
Core Trust and(Generalized) core trust
The Castelfranchi et al. Model
€
CoreTrust (i, j,α ,ϕ ) = GoaliXϕ ∧Plausi(Afterj:αϕ ∧Int j (α )∧I Pre( j,α )∧E Pre( j,α ))
Distrust and(Generalized) distrust
The Castelfranchi et al. Model
€
Distrust(i, j,α ,ϕ ) = Goali Xϕ ∧Plausi(¬ Afterj:αϕ ∨¬ Int j (α )∨¬ I Pr e( j,α )∨¬ E Pr e( j,α ))
Mistrust and(Generalized) mistrust
The Castelfranchi et al. Model
€
Mistrust(i, j,α ,ϕ ) = Goali Xϕ ∧Plausi (Afterj:α¬ ϕ ∧Int j (α )∧I Pr e( j,α )∧E Pr e( j,α ))
Delegation (reliance)
The Castelfranchi et al. Model
€
Delegate(i, j,α ,ϕ ) = GoaliDoes j:αϕ
Decision to trust
The Castelfranchi et al. Model
€
DecideTrust (i, j,α ,ϕ ) = CoreTrust (i, j,α ,ϕ )∧Delegate(i, j,α ,ϕ )
Comparative Trust
The Castelfranchi et al. Model
€
(z,β,ϕ ) <iTrust ( j,α ,ϕ ) =
Goali Xϕ ∧
((Afterz:βϕ ∧Intzβ∧I Pr e(z,β )∧E Pr e(z,β )) <i
((Afterj:αϕ ∧Int jα ∧I Pr e( j,α )∧E Pr e( j,α ))
Expressiveness and non-reductionismvs
Implementability
Where does it all fit?
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Where to look for information
Start here… And here…
Try a google search…
“Never trust a man who, when left alone in a room with a tea
cosy, doesn’t try it on”
Billy Connelly