dna2life_phycology

7/29/2019 DNA2life_PHYCOLOGY

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Basics of Algology

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Phycology actually is the study of algae, and this termPhycology is derived from the Greek term PHYKOS

which means SEAWEED.



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Algae are thallophytes.

Algae are Eukaryotes.

Algae belong to the kingdom Protista.Algae can range from microscopic algae to large seaweedsand are mostly photosynthetic.



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Heterogeneous Autotrophic

True embryogenesisabsent.

Vascular tissues absent (there are no xylem &phloem or true roots,stems or leaves).

Both sexual and asexualreproduction can befound.


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Depending on main five characteristics algae canbe classified primarily as follows:

Presence of photosynthetic pigments, On the basis of cell structure,

Character of cell wall constituent,

Type of food reserves,

Type of flagella.



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Some important systems of classification of Algae areFritsch, F E, (1935); Smith, G.M. (1955); Bold & Wynne (1985); Lee, R.E. (1989).

There are various divisions and classes but we here discussing only on following some important phyla

Cyanophyta

Prochlorophyta

Glaucophyta

Rhodophyta Chlorophyta

Euglenophyta

Dinophyta

Cryptophyta

Chrysophyta

Prymnesiophyta

Bacillariophyta Xanthophyta

Eustigmatophyta

Raphidophyta

Pahaeophyta.



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Basic Visual Idea



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Cyanophyta

Blue-Green Algae

with chlorophyll a

and

phycobiliproteins

and glycogen as

storage food.



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Prochlorophyta

With both

chlorophyll a & b.



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Glaucophyta

They have

endosymbiont blue-

green algae in the

cytoplasm instead of

chloroplast.

Flagella present and

whiplash type.



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Rhodophyta

Presence of both

chlorophyll a & b.

Storage product is

floridian starch.



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Chlorophyta

With both

chlorophyll a & b.

Reserve food starch

within chloroplast

usually in associationwith a pyrenoid.



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Euglenophyta

Have both

chlorophylls a and b.

Nucleus

mesocaryotic.

Paramylon formed as

storage product.



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Dinophyta

A typical motile

dinoflagellate

consists of an

epicone and

hypocone divided by

the transverse girdle.

Chlophyllua a & c2 .



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Cryptophyta

Contains both

chlophylls a and c2.

Phycobilins present

outside the

thylakoids.

Starch as researve

food present outside

the chloroplast.



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Chrysophyta

Golden brown in

color due to presence

of facoxanthin and

carotene.

Storage product is

crysolaminarin.



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Prymnesiophyta

Presence of

haptonema between

two smooth flagella.

Cells are usually

covered with scales.



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Bacillariophyta

Brown fucoxanthin

gives the brown

color.

Cell are surrounded

by a rigid two partbox like cell wall

composed of silica,

called the frustule.



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Xanthophyta

Most cell wall is

composed of two

overlapping halves.

Motile cells with a

forwardly directedtinsel flagellum and

a posteriorly directed

whiplash flagellum.



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Eustigmatophyta

The only chlorophyll

is a.

Starch is not reserve

food.



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Raphidophyta

Cells are large

dorsiventrally

constructed.

Presence of

chlorophyll a and c.



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Phaeophyta

Mostly marine.

Flagella two inserted

laterally, one anterior

tinsel & another

poterior whiplash

Storage product is

laminarin.



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Algae mainly differ from fungi in possessing chlorophyll anda characteristically holophytic, photosynthetic mode ofnutrition. For further advanced study and information keep

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