DNA Technology

Breeding desired traits of some plants and

animals is called selective breeding.

1. Selective Breeding

Genetics and BiotechnologyChapter 13

Ex. White rabbits are

rarely found in the wild

but are bred to sell as

pets.

2. Hybridization

Genetics and Biotechnology

Breeding 2 animals of

similar species to get a

“blend” in the offspring.

Most offspring are

infertile – they cannot

have kids.

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Coywolves are

coyote-wolf

hybrids (with

some dog

mixed in)

and number in

the millions in

the Eastern

U.S.

3. Recombinant DNA

Involves inserting the DNA of one organism

into the DNA of another organism using gene

splicing.

Genetics and BiotechnologyChapter 13

Organisms that have

DNA from other

organisms are called

transgenic

organisms.

Transgenic organisms

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A. Transgenic microorganisms: bacteria used

to produce substances including insulin,

growth hormone, clotting factor.

B. Transgenic Animals:

faster growing, resistant

to disease, less fatty

meats, etc.

Genetics and BiotechnologyChapter 13

C. Transgenic

Plants: are resistant

to disease, produce

their own insecticide,

and increased

vitamin content.

Transgenic organisms are used

Genetics and Biotechnology

to study the expression

of a particular gene

to investigate cellular

processes

to study the

development of certain

diseases

Genetically engineered bollworm

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Genetics and BiotechnologyChapter 13

3 male transgenic pigs –

developed by injecting fluorescent

green protein

into embryonic pig DNA

Genetics and BiotechnologyChapter 13

ANDi was developed by

injecting the jellyfish

gene for green

florescence into the

DNA of an unfertilized

egg of a normal female

Rhesus monkey.

Three monkeys were

successfully altered in

this way, but only ANDi

survived.

Genetics and BiotechnologyChapter 13

Genetics and BiotechnologyChapter 13

Goats produce milk +spider

silk. Silk is called BIOSTEEL

and can be used for artificial

tendons and ligaments,

sutures for surgery,

biodegradable fishing line,

bulletproof vests and

lightweight body armor.

Genes for Vitamin A are added

to rice to make Golden Rice.

Helps to prevent blindness in

children that are

malnourished.

Genetics and Biotechnology

Recombinant DNA is also used to:

• Create oil-eating bacteria to clean up oil spills

• Make vaccines against diseases

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Genetics and Biotechnology

Scientists use restriction enzymes as “chemical

scissors” to isolate specific genes.

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An electric current is used

to separate DNA fragments

by size in gel

electrophoresis.

The DNA fragment can

then be added to the other

cell’s DNA strand using

chemicals.Gel electrophoresis

How is recombinant DNA made?

Genetics and BiotechnologyChapter 13

4. Cloning

Process of producing offspring from a single parent cell by:

removing a cell’s nucleus from the parent

putting it inside an egg cell in the foster mother’s uterus

using chemicals to make it start growing into a fetus

The adult sheep is Dolly, the

first mammal cloned from an

adult cell. The lamb is Dolly’s

offspring, called Bonnie.

Rainbow (Left) was

cloned to make CC

(Right). Allie (Below)

was CC’s foster mother.

Used in farming

livestock to

produce clones of

healthy cattle

Genetics and BiotechnologyChapter 13

5. PCR is used to make thousands of

copies of a DNA sequence. Has

been used to help identify 9/11

victims.

6. DNA Fingerprinting is used to

identify individuals by their genetic

makeup. Used in crime solving and

paternity tests.

7. Genome is the total DNA in the nucleus of

each cell.

Genetics and Biotechnology

The Human Genome Project

• determined the order of the 3 billion+

nucleotides in human DNA and the 20,000–

25,000 different human genes.

• provides a DNA catalog for further research in

genetics and disease prevention

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