dna structuredna structure dna is composed of a chain of nucleotides
TRANSCRIPT
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DNA STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION
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DNA Structure DNA is composed of a chain of nucleotides.
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DNA Structure
There are 4 different DNA nucleotides
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DNA Replication
Replication = identical new strand Occurs for cell division –mitosis or meiosis. Replication Steps:
1. Helicase Enzyme unzips DNA molecule
2. Free nucleotides combine with complementary base pairs
3. Backbone forms by nucleotides bonding
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Protein Synthesis
Protein Synthesis has 2 steps:1. In nucleus:
○ TRANSCRIPTION = forming RNA strands
2. In a ribosome: ○ TRANSLATION = coding for amino acid
chains or proteins
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Transcription
3 Types of RNA:Ribosomal RNA – rRNA: makes up the ribosomesTransfer RNA – tRNA: bring Amino Acids to
ribosomeMessenger RNA – mRNA: transfers gene code
from DNA in nucleus to ribosome○ Carries the correct amino acid sequence to make
proteins
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Transcription
How RNA is different from DNA:
1. RNA is a single stranded
2. RNA has ribose sugar instead of Deoxyribose sugar
3. RNA contains Uracil instead of Thymine
4. RNA can leave the nucleus
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Transcription
Process of making mRNA which is the replicating of a gene
Each mRNA is made from a series of DNA nucleotides which code for one Gene (trait).Only one side of the DNA is coded
The mRNA can then leave the nucleus to make proteins
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Transcription Process Steps
1. Enzyme unzips DNA at the gene location
2. Free RNA nucleotides match up to their complementary bases on DNA
DNA: RNA:
A U
T A
C G
G C
3. RNA breaks off and leaves nucleus and the DNA strands Hydrogen bonds reconnect
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Translation
mRNA attaches to a Ribosome in the cytoplasm.
The code is read by the ribosome in a series of 3 nucleotides (aka triplicate) – called a codon.
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Translation – mRNA code
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Translation
Each codon codes for one amino acid3 RNA nucleotides = 1 amino acid1 codon = 1 amino acid
9 nucleotides =_?_Codons = _?_ Amino acids tRNA matches up to the codons using anticodons Each tRNA brings 1 amino acid to the mRNA Amino Acids connect together to form proteins via
polypeptide bonds
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How Our Bodies Use Proteins
Proteins control cell functions:StructureEnzyme actionHormones