Lumberton HighSci Vis IIV205.05

Deoxyribonucleic acid Large molecule called a

polymer Polymer means molecule with many units

Units or monomers of DNA are nucleotides

Made of 5-carbon sugar called deoxyribose

Deoxyribose contain a phosphate group and one of four nitrogen bases

4 nitrogen bases A for adenine G for guanine C for cytosine T for thymine

Adenine and guanineThe larger of the 2 types of

basesHave a double ring structure

Adenine

Guanine

Cytosine and ThymineHave a single ring structure

Cytosine

Thymine

3 oxygen and 5 carbon atoms which make up the DNA “backbone”

The hydroxyl groups’ carbons link to phosphates to form this “backbone”

dAMP: Deoxyadenosine monophosphate, a nucleotide containing adenine, a 2'-deoxyribose sugar and phosphate, part of DNA structure.

dCMP: Deoxycytosine monophosphate, a nucleotide containing cytidine, a 2'-deoxy sugar, and phosphate, part of DNA structure.

DNA is composed of twisting strands of nucleotides

Each strand is a helix or spiral staircase

2 strands are bound together to create a double helix

Double helix

A & T always join together and form 2 hydrogen bonds

C & G always join together and form 3 hydrogen bonds

Think A & T and UNCG to remember these.

Method of identification that compares fragments of DNA

DNA is the genetic material found in the cell nucleus

DNA of each individual is unique, with identical twins being the only exception

A “fingerprint” is constructed by Obtaining a DNA sample from body tissue or

fluid Cutting this sample into pieces using enzymes Arranging these pieces using gel

electrophoresis

Refers to the forced movement of molecules by electricity

Separates macromolecules (large molecules) on the basis of size, electric charge, and other physical properties.

The gel is like Jell-o.Electrophoresis describes the

moving of the charged DNA Electro: energy of electricity Phoros: to carry across

Holes created in gel to hold DNA solution

DNA solutions loaded into holesGel is “excited” by electricity and

small molecules move through the gel

Photograph is taken to save the results of the fingerprint

2 matching fingerprints indicate they are probably from identical sources

Discovery of genetic causes of diseases

Mapping the human genome (2003)

Forensic sciencePaternity testing

Adenine and guanine - http://www.chemsoc.org/networks/learnnet/cfb/nucleicacids.htm

Thymine and cytosine - http://www.chemsoc.org/networks/learnnet/cfb/nucleicacids.htm

dAMP & dCMP - http://www.cancerwatch.org/glossary/glossary_7.cfm

Double helix - http://alum.mit.edu/ne/opendoor/200507/images/double-helix.jpg

A&T logo – www.ncat.eduUNCG logo –

www.uncg.edu