dna dna. dna is often called the blueprint of life. in simple terms, dna contains the instructions...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: DNA DNA. DNA is often called the blueprint of life. In simple terms, DNA contains the instructions for making proteins within the cell. Proteins control](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649d015503460f949d3aa5/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
DNA
![Page 2: DNA DNA. DNA is often called the blueprint of life. In simple terms, DNA contains the instructions for making proteins within the cell. Proteins control](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649d015503460f949d3aa5/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
• DNA is often called the blueprint of life.
• In simple terms, DNA contains the instructions for making proteins within the cell.• Proteins control all chemical processes in the cell
![Page 3: DNA DNA. DNA is often called the blueprint of life. In simple terms, DNA contains the instructions for making proteins within the cell. Proteins control](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649d015503460f949d3aa5/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Where is DNA found in the Cell??
Answer:
The Nucleus
DEOXYRIBONUCLEIC ACID
Stores and passes on genetic information from one generation to another .
![Page 4: DNA DNA. DNA is often called the blueprint of life. In simple terms, DNA contains the instructions for making proteins within the cell. Proteins control](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649d015503460f949d3aa5/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
4
DNA by the Numbers• Each cell has about 2
m of DNA.• The average human
has 75 trillion cells.• The average human
has enough DNA to go from the earth to the sun more than 400 times.
• DNA has a diameter of only 0.000000002 m.
The earth is 150 billion mor 93 million miles from the sun.
![Page 5: DNA DNA. DNA is often called the blueprint of life. In simple terms, DNA contains the instructions for making proteins within the cell. Proteins control](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649d015503460f949d3aa5/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
DNA ,a type of nucleic acid, is a large polymerThis means that DNA is very large molecule made up a LOT of individual monomers – single pieces
What is a monomer of nucleic acids called?
Answer: Nucleotide
A single strand of DNA is made up of many MILLIONS of nucleotides
![Page 6: DNA DNA. DNA is often called the blueprint of life. In simple terms, DNA contains the instructions for making proteins within the cell. Proteins control](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649d015503460f949d3aa5/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Nucleotide = sugar + phosphate + nitrogenous base
![Page 7: DNA DNA. DNA is often called the blueprint of life. In simple terms, DNA contains the instructions for making proteins within the cell. Proteins control](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649d015503460f949d3aa5/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
7
The Shape of the Molecule
• The basic shape is like a twisted ladder or zipper.
• This is called a double helix.
![Page 8: DNA DNA. DNA is often called the blueprint of life. In simple terms, DNA contains the instructions for making proteins within the cell. Proteins control](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649d015503460f949d3aa5/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
DNA Who figured it out?• James Watson, Francis Crick and
Rosalind Franklin are credited with discovering the double helix structure of DNA.
• Watson and Crick used Franklin’s x-ray data to write “The Double Helix”
![Page 9: DNA DNA. DNA is often called the blueprint of life. In simple terms, DNA contains the instructions for making proteins within the cell. Proteins control](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649d015503460f949d3aa5/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Watson CrickFranklin
![Page 10: DNA DNA. DNA is often called the blueprint of life. In simple terms, DNA contains the instructions for making proteins within the cell. Proteins control](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649d015503460f949d3aa5/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
• What they figured out:
• DNA is a twisted ladder of 2 single strands attached in the middle
• Each strand is made up of only 4 different types of nucleotide units
![Page 11: DNA DNA. DNA is often called the blueprint of life. In simple terms, DNA contains the instructions for making proteins within the cell. Proteins control](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649d015503460f949d3aa5/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
![Page 12: DNA DNA. DNA is often called the blueprint of life. In simple terms, DNA contains the instructions for making proteins within the cell. Proteins control](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649d015503460f949d3aa5/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
12
nucleotide
Single Strand of DNA
![Page 13: DNA DNA. DNA is often called the blueprint of life. In simple terms, DNA contains the instructions for making proteins within the cell. Proteins control](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649d015503460f949d3aa5/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Double Strand of DNA
The outer parts of the ladder (rail)are made of sugars (deoxyribose) bonded to each other by phosphates.
The steps of the ladder are made of pairs of nitrogen bases.
![Page 14: DNA DNA. DNA is often called the blueprint of life. In simple terms, DNA contains the instructions for making proteins within the cell. Proteins control](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649d015503460f949d3aa5/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
DNA bonds
•Covalent bonds connect sugars and phosphates•Hydrogen bonds link bases
![Page 15: DNA DNA. DNA is often called the blueprint of life. In simple terms, DNA contains the instructions for making proteins within the cell. Proteins control](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649d015503460f949d3aa5/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
DNA is made up of steps and rails of a ladder.
This is a rail
This is a step
Green can only go with Red
Purple can only go with YellowNitrogen
Bases
![Page 16: DNA DNA. DNA is often called the blueprint of life. In simple terms, DNA contains the instructions for making proteins within the cell. Proteins control](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649d015503460f949d3aa5/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
DNA STRUCTURE
1. ADENINE = A2. GUANINE = G3. CYTOSINE = C4. THYMINE = T
THE NITROGEN BASES ARE REPRESENTED BY THEIR CAPITAL LETTER.
![Page 17: DNA DNA. DNA is often called the blueprint of life. In simple terms, DNA contains the instructions for making proteins within the cell. Proteins control](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649d015503460f949d3aa5/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
17
Chargaff’s Rule:
• Adenine and Thymine always join together
A T• Cytosine and Guanine
always join togetherC G
![Page 18: DNA DNA. DNA is often called the blueprint of life. In simple terms, DNA contains the instructions for making proteins within the cell. Proteins control](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649d015503460f949d3aa5/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
DNA STRUCTURE
There is only one way the nitrogen bases can join in the center of the DNA molecule
Adenine pairs with ThymineGuanine pairs with CytosineHow to remember ?
![Page 19: DNA DNA. DNA is often called the blueprint of life. In simple terms, DNA contains the instructions for making proteins within the cell. Proteins control](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649d015503460f949d3aa5/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
We love DNA made of nucleotidesSugar, phosphate, and a base bonded
down one side.Adenine and thymine make a lovely pair,
Cytosine without guanine would feel very bare.
Hydrogen bonds attach the bases just like we had planned.
A double helix is the shape of our DNA strand.
![Page 20: DNA DNA. DNA is often called the blueprint of life. In simple terms, DNA contains the instructions for making proteins within the cell. Proteins control](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649d015503460f949d3aa5/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
DNA STRUCTUREQUESTIONS?
Can C join with A?
And G join with T?
NO
NO
![Page 21: DNA DNA. DNA is often called the blueprint of life. In simple terms, DNA contains the instructions for making proteins within the cell. Proteins control](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649d015503460f949d3aa5/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
ACTCATGGTCATG
TGAGTACCAGTAC
This is an example of a sequence of a single strand of DNA that may be found in your body.
What would be the sequence of the other side of the DNA?
ACTCATGGTCATG
![Page 22: DNA DNA. DNA is often called the blueprint of life. In simple terms, DNA contains the instructions for making proteins within the cell. Proteins control](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649d015503460f949d3aa5/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
The combinations of the nitrogen bases is the code that produces the information for a particular protein
Because there can be so many different combinations of the bases the code can be limitless
![Page 23: DNA DNA. DNA is often called the blueprint of life. In simple terms, DNA contains the instructions for making proteins within the cell. Proteins control](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649d015503460f949d3aa5/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
![Page 24: DNA DNA. DNA is often called the blueprint of life. In simple terms, DNA contains the instructions for making proteins within the cell. Proteins control](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649d015503460f949d3aa5/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
![Page 25: DNA DNA. DNA is often called the blueprint of life. In simple terms, DNA contains the instructions for making proteins within the cell. Proteins control](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649d015503460f949d3aa5/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)