DNA and the Cell CycleJEOPARDY!!

Discovery of DNA DNA structure and replication

DNA Replication and the Cell Cycle

Mitosis Potpourri

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10 10 Discovery of DNA

Which scientist discovered the presence of a transforming factor

while working with mice and pneumonia-causing bacteria?

1010

Griffith

Discovery of DNA

2020 Discovery of DNA

Using the conclusions of Griffith’s experiment, which scientists

discovered DNA to be the hereditary material?

20 20 Discovery of DNA

Hershey and Chase

3030 Discovery of DNA

Using models and the research of various other scientists, what were Watson and Crick able to discover?

30 30 Discovery of DNA

The structure of DNA, and thus were able to hypothesize DNA

replication

30 30 Community 1Community 1

4040 Discovery of DNA

What two macromolecules were suggested to be the transforming

factor, and how were they distinguished from one another in Hershey and Chases experiment?

40 40 Discovery of DNA

*DNA- phosphorus*Protein-Sulfur

50 50 Discovery of DNA

What were the results of Griffith’s experiment?

5050

Heat-killed pathogenic (harmful) bacteria mixed with living non-pathogenic (harmless) bacteria caused the formation of living pathogenic (harmful) bacteria.

Discovery of DNA

1010

The monomers of the nucleic acids are called…

DNA structure and replication

Nucleotides

1010 DNA structure and replication

2020

Identify two differences between Identify two differences between DNA and RNA.DNA and RNA.

DNA structure and replication

*DNA –thymine, deoxribose, *DNA –thymine, deoxribose, double stranded, longerdouble stranded, longer

*RNA- uracil, ribose, single *RNA- uracil, ribose, single stranded, shorterstranded, shorter

2020 DNA structure and replication

3030

Two polynucleotide strands are held Two polynucleotide strands are held together by 1._______ bonds, and together by 1._______ bonds, and the backbone of each strand is held the backbone of each strand is held

together by 2._______ bonds. together by 2._______ bonds.

DNA structure and replication

1. hydrogen1. hydrogen2. covalent2. covalent

3030 DNA structure and replication

4040

DNA Polymerase cannot start a new DNA Polymerase cannot start a new polynucleotide chain, but can only polynucleotide chain, but can only

extend one. What is required to extend one. What is required to mark the start? *be specific*mark the start? *be specific*

DNA structure and replication

*an RNA primer laid down by *an RNA primer laid down by RNA primaseRNA primase.

4040 DNA structure and replication

5050

Explain why DNA polymerase can Explain why DNA polymerase can only make a new strand in one only make a new strand in one

direction and why?direction and why?

DNA structure and replication

5050

5’3’; DNA polymerase can only attach to the 3’ –OH of the deoxyribose sugar at the end of the template.

DNA structure and replication

1010 DNA Replication and the Cell Cycle

Which enzyme unzips the DNA molecule?

Helicase

1010 DNA Replication and the Cell Cycle

2020

Why is DNA replication considered Why is DNA replication considered semi-conservative?semi-conservative?

DNA Replication and the Cell Cycle

One of the original strands of DNA is retained (“conserved”) in

the newly constructed strands.

2020 DNA Replication and the Cell Cycle

3030

What is the order of the Cell Cycle?What is the order of the Cell Cycle?

DNA Replication and the Cell Cycle

3030 DNA Replication and the Cell Cycle

G1SG2MCytokinesis

4040Johnny smokes cigarettes. The Johnny smokes cigarettes. The

DNA of Johnny’s body has DNA of Johnny’s body has become mutated due to exposure become mutated due to exposure to nicotine. He no longer contains to nicotine. He no longer contains

the correct gene instructions to the correct gene instructions to make certain surface proteins on make certain surface proteins on his cells. What could happen as a his cells. What could happen as a

result?result?

DNA Replication and the Cell Cycle

4040 DNA Replication and the Cell Cycle

The cells will not recognize one

another, will continue to divide although bumping into each other, and a tumor

can form.

5050

**What are the role of checkpoints in the cell

cycle?

DNA Replication and the Cell Cycle

5050 DNA Replication and the Cell Cycle

*help to ensure phases of the cell cycle are complete and accurate

before moving on to the next phase.

1010 Mitosis

What are the phases of mitosis?

1010 Mitosis

Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase

2020

What must happen to What must happen to complete cell division?complete cell division?

Mitosis

2020 Mitosis

CytokinesisCytokinesis

3030 Mitosis

During which phase of mitosis is the DNA split into chromatids?

3030 Mitosis

Anaphase

4040 Mitosis

What are the differences What are the differences between plant and animal between plant and animal mitosis?mitosis?

4040Mitosis

*no centrioles are used in a plant cell during mitosis (spindle fibers form spontaneously)*plant forms a cell plate, *plant forms a cell plate, instead of a cleavage instead of a cleavage furrow, during telophase furrow, during telophase leading into cytokinesisleading into cytokinesis

5050 Mitosis

A student observes a cell under the A student observes a cell under the microscope. She is able to see DNA. She microscope. She is able to see DNA. She also notices the formation of tiny threadlike also notices the formation of tiny threadlike structures.structures.

(1)(1)What phase of mitosis is she observing?What phase of mitosis is she observing?(2)(2)Why can she see the DNA?Why can she see the DNA?(3)(3)What are the tiny threadlike structures?What are the tiny threadlike structures?

5050 Mitosis

(1) Prophase(2) DNA has taken the form

of chromosomes(3) Spindle fibers

1010

My name is Bond, Ionic Bond;Taken, not shared!

MeiosisMeiosis

10 Population Growth

From: Mariano Cecowski <MCecowski#NoSpam.sif.com.ar>

Q: if both a bear in Yosemite and one in Alaska fall into the waterwhich one disolves faster?

A: The one in Alaska because it is

HIJKLMNO

10 Population Growth

Alimentary: What Sherlock Holmes said to Dr. Watson.

Urinate: What a nurse would say if a patient asked her what room he's in.

Urine - The opposite of "You're out!"Benign: What we want when we are eight.

Intestine - Currently taking an exam

CARDIOLOGY: advanced study of poker playing

TERMINAL ILLNESS: getting sick at the airport

1010 Potpourri

What is the name of the strand of DNA synthesized continuously during replication?

1010Potpourri

The Leading Strand

1010 Population Growth

2020 Potpourri

The lagging strand is made in short fragments.

(1)What are these fragments called?(2)Why?

(1) Okazaki fragments(1) Okazaki fragments(2) Multiple primers are used since the strand is made (2) Multiple primers are used since the strand is made

away from the replication forkaway from the replication fork

2020Potpourri

3030Potpourri

What was Rosalind Franklin’s What was Rosalind Franklin’s contribution to the discovery of contribution to the discovery of DNA?DNA?

3030Potpourri

*She used x-ray crystallography to take an image that showed the double helix structure of DNA.

3030 Population Growth

4040 Potpourri

What is the role of ligase in DNA replication?

4040 PotPouri

*It fills in the gaps on the lagging strand*helps to make sure there is no damage to the DNA once replication is complete

5050Potpourri

List the phases of the Cell Cycle in order. List the phases of the Cell Cycle in order.

5050 Potpourri

1.1. G1G1SSG2G2MMCytokinesiCytokinesiss