dna and modern genetics - somersetacademy.com 9 questions.pdfb. selective breeding c. genetic...

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Pretest 197 Grade 7 • Assessment Guide • Florida © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

Unit 9

DNA and Modern Genetics Choose the letter of the best answer.

1. Researchers experiment with different plants

to create better ones. For example, a tomato

plant that produces large tomatoes and is

resistant to disease is more desirable than a

plant that produces small tomatoes and is

susceptible to disease. What area of science

are these researchers exploring?

A. biotechnology C. cloning

B. chemistry D. engineering

2. Many scientists study how genetic mutations

affect humans and other organisms. Which of

the following is not likely to cause DNA

mutations?

A. mutagens

B. cell division

C. ultraviolet radiation

D. the chemicals in cigarette smoke

3. The two mice pictured below were bred in a

laboratory. The two mice are clones.

Which of these choices best describes clones?

A. selectively bred organisms

B. biologically similar organisms

C. artificially selected individuals

D. genetically identical individuals

4. In which of these types of biotechnology is

DNA directly manipulated for medical,

agricultural, or industrial use?

A. cloning

B. artificial selection

C. selective breeding

D. genetic engineering

5. The flow chart below illustrates a process

involving DNA.

Which process is illustrated?

A. mutation C. translation

B. replication D. transcription

6. Seed companies create flower varieties called

F-1 hybrids. They take two plants and

pollinate them by hand to create new seeds

that grow into F-1 hybrid plants. Which of

these choices best describes what they are

doing?

A. cloning

B. selective breeding

C. genetic engineering

D. genetic modification

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Pretest 198 Grade 7 • Assessment Guide • Florida © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

Unit 9

7. The animal below is a mule, which is the

offspring of a male donkey and a female

horse.

What kind of biotechnology is used to create

mules?

A. cloning



D. cell and tissue cultures

8. Proteins are responsible for many of our traits.

How can a substitution mutation affect a

person’s traits?

A. This mutation stops DNA from replicating.

B. This mutation prevents ribosomes from

synthesizing proteins.

C. This mutation changes the number of

chromosomes a person has.

D. This mutation causes a change in the

protein that forms during translation.

9. Kirk is studying replication. Which of these

diagrams illustrates replication?

A.

B.

C.

D.

10. The floral industry has developed many new

flowers. For example, roses now come in

several colors such as orange and purple.

Which process are florists most likely to use

in creating these new flowers?

A. genetic cloning

B. protein synthesis

C. artificial selection

D. asexual reproduction

Name ______________________________________ Date _________

Lesson Quiz 199 Grade 7 • Assessment Guide • Florida © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

Unit 9

DNA Structure and Function Key Concepts Choose the letter of the best answer.

1. What is DNA?

A. a type of molecule that performs the main functions of cells

B. a type of molecule composed mostly of amino acids

C. a type of molecule that speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction

D. a type of molecule that determines the traits that an individual inherits

2. Which of the following properties of DNA was discovered by James Watson and Francis Crick?

A. DNA is composed of four bases.

B. DNA looks like a long, twisted ladder.

C. DNA nucleotides always combine in the same pairs.

D. DNA has a doughnut shape when viewed using x-ray diffraction.

3. The images below represent the four bases present in DNA.

Which of the following correctly identifies a base pair?

A. A-T C. G-T

B. A-G D. C-T

4. How is RNA different from DNA?

A. RNA contains the nucleotide base thymine.

B. RNA contains a different sugar in its backbone.

C. RNA is a molecule that is present in all living cells.

D. RNA is composed of a sugar, a phosphate, and a base.

5. What process is illustrated in the diagram below?

A. the process of mutation

B. the process of replication

C. the process of transcription

D. the process of translation

Lesson 1 Quiz

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Lesson Quiz 200 Grade 7 • Assessment Guide • Florida © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

Unit 9

Biotechnology Key Concepts Choose the letter of the best answer.

1. The dog breed shown below has been bred for many generations. It has been bred for its small size and friendly temperment.

This is an example of which of the following types of biotechnology?

A. cloning




2. The main goal of biotechnology is to use living organisms and biological processes to improve life on Earth. Which example would be most beneficial to global populations?

A. the engineering of eggplant to make it produce fruit in winter

B. the engineering of yeast to contain an enzyme used for making cheese

C. the engineering of fruits so that they ripen slower and can be shipped farther

D. the engineering of rice crops to withstand flooding and contain more nutrients

3. Some people have concerns that genetically modified organisms will cause “genetic pollution” if they are released into the environment. Which of these statements is the most likely description of genetic pollution?

A. Genetically modified organisms leave traces of their modified genes in the soil.

B. Genetically modified organisms create more waste materials than natural organisms do.

C. Genetically modified organisms can infect natural organisms, which can then become hosts for the genetic material.

D. Genetically modified organisms can reproduce at a much faster rate, releasing huge numbers of organisms into the environment.

4. Biotechnology affects different people and groups in different ways. Which of these uses of biotechnology would be most beneficial for the environment?

A. the use of microbes to remove algae

B. a fertilizer for crops to improve growth

C. the treatment of wastewater with microbes

D. a liquid for pets to drink to eliminate bad odors

5. Sophia grew large, tasty tomatoes in her vegetable garden. She used seeds that had been made by crossing certain types of tomato plants over many generations. Which of the following processes was responsible for Sophia’s seeds?

A. cloning

B. biodegradation



Lesson 2 Quiz

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Florida Benchmark Review Unit 9 203 Grade 7 • Assessment Guide • Florida © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

Unit 9

Florida Benchmark Review Unit 9 Choose the letter of the best answer.

Terrie is making a model of DNA. Which of these shapes illustrates how her model should look?

A.

B.

C.

D.

Florida Benchmark Review Unit 9

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Unit 9

Scientists must carefully weigh the risks and benefits of biotechnology. Which of these is a risk that scientists must consider when genetically engineering a plant?

A. what kinds of nutrients the plant will need

B. how to crossbreed the plant with other plants

C. whether the plant will grow well in different soils

D. whether the plant will cause allergic reaction in humans

The diagram below shows an original sequence of DNA and then a mutated sequence of DNA.

Which type of mutation took place?

A. deletion

B. insertion

C. substitution

D. translation

Sickle-cell anemia is a disease that is caused by a mutation in DNA. Which of the following is a true statement about sickle-cell anemia?

A. It is never inherited from a parent.

B. The mutation occurs during a person’s lifetime.

C. It is an infectious disease.

D. It is a genetic disorder.

Name ______________________________________ Date _________


Unit 9

Alice is studying biological molecules. She has isolated a molecule and identified the nucleotide bases

adenine, cytosine, guanine, and thymine. Which molecule did Alice isolate?

A. DNA

B. mRNA

C. rRNA

D. tRNA

An example of biotechnology is the process of cloning. Which of things listed below could not be

cloned?

A. a dog

B. a rock

C. a bacterium

D. a fragment of DNA

Luis wants to interview someone who has a career in biotechnology. Which of the following best describes a career in biotechnology?

A. Athena uses a sophisticated telescope to observe stars.

B. Zach tracks the number of fish that inhabit a certain coastal area.

C. Vincent modifies the DNA of bacteria to study the function of their genes.

D. Lindsey writes computer programs that model the three-dimensional structure of chemical

compounds.

Dylan is listing the molecules that make up DNA. Which of these substances should he place under the

heading NUCLEOTIDE BASE in DNA?

A. adenine

B. phosphate

C. sugar

D. uracil

A scientist transfers a fragment of genetic material from one organism to another organism of a

different species. What is the general term that describes this process?

A. artificial selection




Name ______________________________________ Date _________


Unit 9

The two mice pictured below were created by cloning.

What do the mice have in common that makes them clones?

A. their diet

B. when they were born

C. their genetic material

D. the number of siblings they have

Rachel is analyzing a DNA sample to identify base pairs. Her results show that 40% of the sample is adenine. Which other base must also make up 40% of the sample?

A. Cytosine makes up 40% of the sample.

B. Guanine makes up 40% of the sample.

C. Thymine makes up 40% of the sample.

D. Uracil makes up 40% of the sample.

The following sequence of letters represents the order of bases in a single strand of DNA.

C-T-T-A-G-G-C-T-T-A-C-C-A

Which of these sequences would be the complementary strand that forms during replication?

A. G-A-A-T-C-C-G-A-A-T-G-G-T

B. C-T-T-A-G-G-C-T-T-A-C-C-A

C. T-C-C-G-A-A-T-C-C-G-T-T-G

D. A-G-G-C-T-T-A-G-G-C-A-A-C

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Unit Test B 212 Grade 7 • Assessment Guide • Florida © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

Unit 9

DNA and Modern Genetics Key Concepts Choose the letter of the best answer.

1. Sickle-cell anemia is an inherited disease that affects red blood cells. In people who have this disease, one amino acid is substituted for another amino acid in a blood protein. What causes sickle-cell anemia?

A. mutation

B. replication

C. transcription

D. translation

2. Which of these lists correctly identifies all four bases in DNA?

A. adenine, thymine, guanine, cytosine

B. adenine, uracil, guanine, cytosine

C. adenine, thymine, uracil, cytosine

D. uracil, thymine, guanine, cytosine

3. Which of these actions is a task shared by mRNA, rRNA, and tRNA?

A. participating in transcription

B. forming part of a ribosome where an amino acid chains are assembled

C. making proteins using instructions from DNA

D. delivering amino acids to a ribosome, where they are used to form proteins

4. Biotechnology is the use and application of living organisms and biological processes for specific purposes. One example of biotechnology is cloning. Which of these actions can produce a clone?

A. copying the genetic material from one cell and inserting it in another cell, resulting in two genetically-identical cells

B. developing new plants by crossing different types of plants

C. removing a gene from the DNA of an existing organism

D. inserting a gene into the DNA of an existing organism

Unit Test B

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Unit 9

5. Scientists have been able to insert a gene from bacteria into corn plants to protect the plants from insect pests. Which area of biotechnology led to this discovery?

A. cloning




6. Artificial selection, genetic engineering, and cloning are examples of biotechnology. Which phrase best defines biotechnology?

A. the application of living things and biological processes

B. the use of computers and other electronic devices in the field of biology

C. the development of instrumentation that can be used to study biological processes

D. the process of creating a genetically identical organism, cell, or piece of genetic material

7. Several government regulations are in place for biotechnology. What do scientists and lawmakers have to consider first when deciding how biotechnologies can and should be used?

A. They have to look at how much it costs.

B. They have to weigh the risks and benefits.

C. They have to examine the time it takes to develop.

D. They have to understand how the technology works.

8. Lance is studying how proteins are made. Which process should he study to understand how an mRNA strand is produced?

A. mutation

B. replication

C. transcription

D. translation

9. Which of these definitions describes a mutation?

A. a change in the nucleotide base sequence of a DNA molecule

B. a molecule that is present in all living cells and plays a role in protein production

C. a subunit of a nucleic acid chain that consists of a sugar, a phosphate, and a base

D. a molecule that is present in all living things and stores the information that determines inherited traits

Name ______________________________________ Date _________


Unit 9

10. The picture below shows an oil spill. Oil spills pollute Earth’s water.

Scientists have found that certain microbes can be used to clean up oil spills. What information would be most helpful in determining the environmental impact of the use of these microbes to clean the oil spill?

A. how the microbes reproduce

B. who is responsible for the oil spill

C. the genetic makeup of the microbes

D. how the microbes could interact with plant life near the oil spill

11. A timeline of discoveries related to DNA is shown below.

Which scientist should be placed at point 5 in this timeline?

A. Francis Crick C. Erwin Chargaff

B. James Watson D. Rosalind Franklin

Name ______________________________________ Date _________


Unit 9

12. At one time, farmers had to spray insecticides on their fields to protect their crops from insects. Today, farmers can buy seeds that produce plants that are resistant to many insects. Which process contributed to the development of these seeds?

A. cloning

B. natural selection


D. sexual reproduction

Critical Thinking Answer the following questions on the lines provided.

13. How does DNA make copies of itself during replication?

____________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________

14. Describe three different types of mutations that can change a DNA molecule.

____________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________

15. The first diagram below shows an original sequence of DNA. The second diagram shows a mutation that occurred when the DNA was copied. Name and describe the kind of mutation that occurred.

____________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________

Name ______________________________________ Date _________


Unit 9

16. Below is a diagram of a process involving DNA.

Name and describe the process represented in the diagram.

____________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________

17. Explain one of the risks of biotechnology and give an example.

____________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________

Extended Response Answer the following question on a separate piece of paper.

18. Scientists have identified a sequence of DNA that affects immunity to a certain disease. How could a mutation in this DNA sequence affect a person’s immunity?

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