dn to reflectance honda kiyoshi. contents definition of ndvi radiance reflectance how to calculate...
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Reflectance
Ratio of Radiant Energy Reflected to Incident Energy Radiant Energy = Integral of vertical components of
Radiance Measured ( by satellite to be scaled back from DN )
anglezenith Solar :),cos(
/ IrradianceSolar Spectral:
/ Irradiance Spectral :
/ Surface theof Radiance Spectral :
eReflectanc Spectral :
2
2
2
sss
s
ss
mmWE
mmWG
msrmWL
E
L
G
L
E
θ
π L
DN ?
DN ( Digital Number ) you can see in the RS image files is not Reflectance.
So you have to derive Reflectance from the DN
Then what is DN ?
DN is a scaled Radiance DN is scaled from Radiance measured
by sensors
http://landsathandbook.gsfc.nasa.gov/handbook/handbook_htmls/chapter6/chapter6.html
Radiance
Energy in unit time, unit solid angle, unit wavelenth
msrmWmsrmsJ 22 // :unit
http://landsathandbook.gsfc.nasa.gov/handbook/handbook_htmls/chapter6/chapter6.html
Z
dω
dA
dλ
ddtdAd
EnergyL received
DN to Radiance (Lλ)
Have to find out LMAX, LMIN, QCALMAX, QCALMIN
biasoffsetQCALDN
LMINQCALMINQCALMAX
LMINLMAXoffset
QCALMINQCALMAX
LMINLMAXgain
LMINQCALMINQCALQCALMINQCALMAX
LMINLMAXL
or
offsetDNgainL
,
)(
QCALMAX
QCALMIN
LMIN, LMAX of LANDSAT7
LMIN, LMAX List
LMAX
LMIN
http://landsathandbook.gsfc.nasa.gov/handbook/handbook_htmls/chapter11/chapter11.html
LANDSAT 7 Gain Setting for January
http://landsathandbook.gsfc.nasa.gov/handbook/handbook_htmls/chapter6/htmls/january_gains.html
How to Find the Constants for Scaling factor of Radiance
Metadata file .metSample ftp://cgceopush3.geo.msu.edu/push3_2/137/043/p137r43_7x000228/p137r043_7x20000228.met
Identify Hi-Gain or Low GainEROS Data Center Gateway
• http://edcimswww.cr.usgs.gov/pub/imswelcome/
Obtain Hi-Gain and Low-Gain parametersUSGS LANDSAT Page
• http://landsat7.usgs.gov/technical_details/calibration_files/
Header file/record Data Handling Manuals
Processed in Japan, China, Thailand ….
How to obtain TOA Irradiance Spectral Exo-atmospheric Irradiance
anglezenith Solar :),cos(
units alastronomicin distanceSun -Earth:
/ Irradiance SpectralSolor catmospheri-Exo Average:
/ Irradiance SpectralSolar catmospheri-Exo:2
2
2
sss
s
s
s
s
ss
d
mmWESUN
mmWE
d
ESUNE
E
L
G
L
http://landsathandbook.gsfc.nasa.gov/handbook/handbook_htmls/chapter11/chapter11.html
Average Solar Spectral Irradiance ESUNλ
Average Solor Spectral Exo-atmospheric Irradiance
mmWESUN
mmWE
d
ESUNE
E
L
G
L
s
s
s
ss
2
2
2
/ Irradiance Spectral catmospheri-Exo Average:
/ Irradiance SpectralSolar icstomospher-Exo:
http://landsathandbook.gsfc.nasa.gov/handbook/handbook_htmls/chapter11/chapter11.html
http://modarch.gsfc.nasa.gov/MODIS/ATM/solar.html
ESUNλ for ETM+
Sun Earth Distance ds
units alastronomicin distanceSun -Earth:
12
s
s
s
d
ESUNd
E
http://landsathandbook.gsfc.nasa.gov/handbook/handbook_htmls/chapter11/chapter11.html
Relative Solar Irradiance 1/ (ds*ds)
0.90
0.95
1.00
1.05
1.10
0 30 60 90 120 150 180 210 240 270 300 330 360
Solar Zenith Angle
LANDSAT: Use Zenith Angle ( 90deg – Sun Elevation) at the centre of the image for the whole image180km -> +- 0.81 deg If Zenith Angle < 20deg, difference < 1%
Or
Calculate the angle from Lat, Lon, Julian day and time ( i.e POSSOL of 6S ).
http://landsathandbook.gsfc.nasa.gov/handbook/handbook_htmls/chapter11/chapter11.html
Atmospheric Correction
The reflectance we have obtained here is Apparent Reflectance or Reflectance at TOA
Atmospheric correction is needed to obtain Reflectance at Ground Level
You may run 6S with appropriate parameters Some products are Reflectance at Ground Surface, such as
MODIS, SPOT VEGETAION…
References Landsat 7 Science Data Users Handbook
Chapter6• http://landsathandbook.gsfc.nasa.gov/handbook/handbook_htmls/chapter6/chapter6.html
Chapter 11• http://landsathandbook.gsfc.nasa.gov/handbook/handbook_htmls/chapter11/chapter11.html
Dr. Kawamura's page DN->Refelctance for Landsat ( Japanese ) http://www.geocities.jp/kensuke_kawamura/Others/LandsatCa
libration/LandsatCalibration.html
6S Manual