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diy australian off grid wind solar hybrid domestic home (47)

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HOME D.I.Y. WindSolar "Off Grid" ARTICLE Sidewinder Photo Editor SUcommanderXer Script Editor пустыня змея ( *.jpg *.png *.bmp) Link: Go here for Linux "SidewinderPhotoColourBalancer F2C17" 19 Oct 2014 download , Config. and install (D.I.Y. Article) do it yourself How To The Australian House "The 15 Kw house" Solar Wind Hybrid "power system" OFF GRID note: "all DIY" Self constructedinstalled , Self Imported and self brokered kits price estimate includes batteries and tariff and transport and much of the install materials ("example prices quoted by a supplier are usually in USD as an intermediary currency" and require conversion to AUD) Anyone living within 20Km of coastline (and 80 meters away from another residence) can safely use a wind solar hybrid of as little as 8Kw rating to mimic grid supply level powering because of the landsea convection wind reliability! You can understand it may be easier as a home buyer to incorporate the price of an offgrid system stipulated into a home loan and finding a block at least 100 meters long to build with the turbine at least 80 meters from other residences and with council building zoning allowance of offgrid equipment! Wind Grid Tied (Domestic) DIY(except inverter wiring!!!) CONTENTS The Basic Economics of the DIY System Introduction All Australian houses are 15Kw power system minimum Off Grid practically by cost effective! (Batteries are what makes an off grid system) How batteries operate Ensuring battery service life (Ensuring battery service life) Setting the "Dump Load" on the charge controller and Battery LifeCycle The problem with off grid power A note about inverters (balancing duty load) What does it require to operate an Australian house Importation deals and How to talk to the supplier Money and payment "Personal Import (CCID no ABN)" Installing Choosing a Wind Turbine Where to locate the Wind Turbine Steps to Acquiring a Hybrid power system (and customs forms and info and cargo support) Wind Solar Hybrid kits can be got as "CIF" to Sydney Port Deep Cycle Battery Bank Size AHKwh (Amprere hour Kilowatt hours) Caculator Why switch off the first world? because the grid is always the same size and alike petrol or anything else it is truthfully getting more expensive and as much purely unpredictable of cost in a short period of time against wages and inflation! Anyone living within 20Km of coastline (and 80 meters away from another residence) can safely use a wind solar hybrid of as little as 8Kw rating to mimic grid supply level powering because of the landsea convection wind reliability! What's the point of being Phil from energyaustralia to be there(as is in the advert) to do an aircon installation when all someone can do to save money is "be advised to switch it off" because it costs too much to operate so cannot use it , is essentially fossil fuel fed too! Pre note: It is obviously possible to completely power a house "almost normally" from a combination of 5000w (washing machine small microwave small pluggable hot water) and 2500w (lights small fans radio) pure sine wave inverters(DCstorage to 240vAC) using only 1.5Kw to 2Kw solar and 3 of 400w600w 12v AC turbines(rectified by a controller to the battery bank each) by changing(to smaller equipment and more jobs) many of the household job equipment capacities and managing heavy jobs at optimum weather generation time but requires switching from two banks of 4x 250ah(heavy amp throughput deep cycle by density size electrodes 7080 Kg each) and for the 2500w 4x 80ah. E.G. An "oil column heater for winter" would require 2x 400w600w 12v AC turbines, and 2x 80ah (requires 4x 40ah to drop battery individual output to 250 watts each max.) batteries but can only be on at 1000wheating for 1/2 an hour with those batteries. The only way to control and reset the point against failable human memory is a "power point timer switch" betwixt inverter'n apply'! Inversely for twelve volt system, 1Kw of panels and 2x 400w600w 12v AC turbines will operate a small evaporative air conditioner(e.g. water and ice 10L evaporative may only need 1Kw solar + a turbine oddly a "100L bar refrigerator" only requires 2x 40ah batteries and "just/quite" a 1000w inverter and one 400w600w 12 v AC turbine and 150w solar safely) constantly during daylight and at 1/3 power for an hour after dark on 4x 40ah batteries. However, such individualised appliance power source supply construction in these two are top end customisation for self purpose. But a "small properly powerful" alike to the previous mentioned 12v system , a less difficult user system only requiring one heavy household job after another by weather management requires below(in article) as calculated battery bank system is with a 5Kw wind hybrid(3Kw wind 2Kw Solar rated 48v charging) on a 15 meter tower with two 10Kw pure sine inverters. However, this can also be calculated to be alike but not as sparse as the 12v system household equipment sizes for a smaller battery bank system. Personally, i would buy the extension cords(5000w = 22 amps @ 240v) (2500w = 10 amps @ 240v) and hide them with some overskirting boards fixtures and locks for safety , rather than rewire the house if it came to it with price and domestic electrical fitting work law. The full size system of 10Kw hybrid generation is a mimic of having grid power connection , and the 8Kw hybrid generation is an economical mimic of having grid power connection ! The analogy herein this article for these off grid power system sizes is similar metaphorically to the differences between travelling in a vsix cylinder modern station wagon(108Kw) 1000Km or travelling in a small 4 cylinder sedan(56Kw), with the 12v system(23kw) calculated alike travelling 1000km in a hatch back. Either way you see it , it finally gets you there. Your average electricity bill Electricity Bill this quarter My electricity bill is $1,360 *** pending exchange rate being AUD to USD 94 cents at least and "rate during sale" being above 93 cents USD for 1 AUD (note: actual exchange is between CNY and AUD , However, USD is mostly used by the sellers to universally describe price) Remember! This is complex by quantity to know, not actual immense science (but a handling of basic decimal place maths and fractions is a good point) 1. 'Though there are commercial sites that do off grid systems for domestic houses, "UNLESS their calculation for battery bank size is done as 25Kw/h 30Kw/h per day (note: all electrical energy house)" you will have been misinformed by them! WARNING! THIS IS MOST OF ( THE BASE OF SEALED LEAD ACID DEEP CYCLE DISCHARGE SYSTEM ) THE PRINCIPAL OF USING OFF GRID FOR 12 15 YEARS, EVERYTHING IS BUILT AROUND THIS LIFECYCLE SPAN AND QUANTITY OF "AH" CAPACITY 2. The AH ampere hours "total" required "for usage" from the battery bank, for the calculation total is [ 15% of the total = 25 Kw/h to 30Kw/h ] because the bank must last 10 years or more and high quality long float life lead acid are minimum as also Do Not use UPS batteries, they must be deep cycle. (note: When you understand where direct supply comes from , Actually, only 2/3 x(two thirds of OR as carefully managed system half of ...) 25Kw/h 30Kw/h = 15%). With this information you should be able to have 12 years of electricity using as little as an 8Kw hybrid and high quality accumulators(batteries) that is no more costly than 10 years worth of grid electricity ***"based on current 2014 grid electricity price"! At the 8kw kit level it does require a small quantity of heavy load management during usage but does effectively contain twice the quantity of worth of 10 years grid electricity for the 12 year period of 8Kw kit usage (in an "all electric" house cooking aircon. heating hotwatersystem)! Quote: This article :..."While it is true solar panels continue to operate when sun is behind cloud it is nowhere near as efficient and often drops to 25% output(e.g. 5Kw panels outputs 1.25Kw) particularly on cloudy days and in winter."... Finally, with the prenote above in mind on 12v systems by downsizing appliance sizes and running jobs one after another never together , it is possible to design an all electrical small house with "2volt"(not 12) deep cycle(e.g. each a single cell of a 3000ah, around 200Kg, with extra terminals for greater current draw and throughput so a line of six is 12v and can output 3Kw constant) storage systems to last 12 years(12v is also good for "houses with" gas heating cooking and gas hot water) at half the final costs of an 8Kw kit, but would be better done to get hold of a "48vdc 5Kw wind solar hybrid kit(3Kwwind 2Kw solar)" with "two 8Kw pure sine inverters"(prevents too heavy work) and choose 12v deep cycles with 32x accumulators(batteries) (such as only 40ah long life span) meaning it has 8 parallel lines of 4x batteries. Because, the reserve capabilities of the system for larger jobs in emergency and replacement abilities of extraordinary mishap on batteries if ever, is much safer and easier to manage than 2v sets. A smaller ad hoc system such as personal holiday houses or extra houses on rural properties or caravans semipermanent dwellings is a more effective application of 12v systems,or supplemental abilities to temporarily supply an appliance as power source during a yearly period if required. Page 1 / 19

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DIY Australian domestic home or house off grid wind solar hybrid power generation and ACBPS customs with DIY self trade deal brokering for kits and accumulators - tutorial. 2015.

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  • HOME D.I.Y.WindSolar"OffGrid"ARTICLE SidewinderPhotoEditor SUcommanderXerScriptEditor

    (*.jpg*.png*.bmp)

    Link:GohereforLinux"SidewinderPhotoColourBalancerF2C17"19Oct2014download, Config.and instal l

    (D.I.Y.Article)doityourselfHowTo

    TheAustralianHouse"The15Kwhouse"SolarWindHybrid"powersystem"OFFGRIDnote:"allDIY"Selfconstructedinstalled,SelfImportedandselfbrokeredkitspriceestimateincludesbatteriesandtariffandtransportandmuchoftheinstallmaterials("examplepricesquotedbyasupplierareusuallyinUSDasanintermediarycurrency"andrequireconversiontoAUD)

    Anyonelivingwithin20Kmofcoastline(and80metersawayfromanotherresidence)cansafelyuseawindsolarhybridofaslittleas8Kwratingtomimicgridsupplylevelpoweringbecauseofthelandseaconvectionwindreliability!

    Youcanunderstanditmaybeeasierasahomebuyertoincorporatethepriceofanoffgridsystemstipulatedintoahomeloanandfindingablockatleast100meterslongtobuildwiththeturbineatleast80metersfromotherresidencesandwithcouncilbuildingzoningallowanceofoffgridequipment!

    WindGridTied(Domestic)DIY(exceptinverterwiring!!!)

    CONTENTSTheBasicEconomicsoftheDIYSystemIntroductionAllAustralianhousesare15KwpowersystemminimumOffGridpracticallybycosteffective!(Batteriesarewhatmakesanoffgridsystem)HowbatteriesoperateEnsuringbatteryservicelife(Ensuringbatteryservicelife)Settingthe"DumpLoad"onthechargecontrollerandBatteryLifeCycleTheproblemwithoffgridpowerAnoteaboutinverters(balancingdutyload)WhatdoesitrequiretooperateanAustralianhouseImportationdealsandHowtotalktothesupplierMoneyandpayment"PersonalImport(CCIDnoABN)"InstallingChoosingaWindTurbineWheretolocatetheWindTurbineStepstoAcquiringaHybridpowersystem(andcustomsformsandinfoandcargosupport)WindSolarHybridkitscanbegotas"CIF"toSydneyPortDeepCycleBatteryBankSizeAHKwh(AmprerehourKilowatthours)Caculator

    Whyswitchoffthefirstworld?becausethegridisalwaysthesamesizeandalikepetroloranythingelseitistruthfullygettingmoreexpensiveandasmuchpurelyunpredictableofcostinashortperiodoftimeagainstwagesandinflation!

    Anyonelivingwithin20Kmofcoastline(and80metersawayfromanotherresidence)cansafelyuseawindsolarhybridofaslittleas8Kwratingtomimicgridsupplylevelpoweringbecauseofthelandseaconvectionwindreliability!

    What'sthepointofbeingPhilfromenergyaustraliatobethere(asisintheadvert)todoanairconinstallationwhenallsomeonecandotosavemoneyis"beadvisedtoswitchitoff"becauseitcoststoomuchtooperatesocannotuseit,isessentiallyfossilfuelfedtoo!

    Prenote:Itisobviouslypossibletocompletelypowerahouse"almostnormally"fromacombinationof5000w(washingmachinesmallmicrowavesmallpluggablehotwater)and2500w(lightssmallfansradio)puresinewaveinverters(DCstorageto240vAC)usingonly1.5Kwto2Kwsolarand3of400w600w12vACturbines(rectifiedbyacontrollertothebatterybankeach)bychanging(tosmallerequipmentandmorejobs)manyofthehouseholdjobequipmentcapacitiesandmanagingheavyjobsatoptimumweathergenerationtimebutrequiresswitchingfromtwobanksof4x250ah(heavyampthroughputdeepcyclebydensitysizeelectrodes7080Kgeach)andforthe2500w4x80ah.E.G.An"oilcolumnheaterforwinter"wouldrequire2x400w600w12vACturbines,and2x80ah(requires4x40ahtodropbatteryindividualoutputto250wattseachmax.)batteriesbutcanonlybeonat1000wheatingfor1/2anhourwiththosebatteries.Theonlywaytocontrolandresetthepointagainstfailablehumanmemoryisa"powerpointtimerswitch"betwixtinverter'napply'!Inverselyfortwelvevoltsystem,1Kwofpanelsand2x400w600w12vACturbineswilloperateasmallevaporativeairconditioner(e.g.waterandice10Levaporativemayonlyneed1Kwsolar+aturbineoddlya"100Lbarrefrigerator"onlyrequires2x40ahbatteriesand"just/quite"a1000winverterandone400w600w12vACturbineand150wsolarsafely)constantlyduringdaylightandat1/3powerforanhourafterdarkon4x40ahbatteries.However,suchindividualisedappliancepowersourcesupplyconstructioninthesetwoaretopendcustomisationforselfpurpose.

    Buta"smallproperlypowerful"aliketothepreviousmentioned12vsystem,alessdifficultusersystemonlyrequiringoneheavyhouseholdjobafteranotherbyweathermanagementrequiresbelow(inarticle)ascalculatedbatterybanksystemiswitha5Kwwindhybrid(3Kwwind2KwSolarrated48vcharging)ona15metertowerwithtwo10Kwpuresineinverters.However,thiscanalsobecalculatedtobealikebutnotassparseasthe12vsystemhouseholdequipmentsizesforasmallerbatterybanksystem.

    Personally,iwouldbuytheextensioncords(5000w=22amps@240v)(2500w=10amps@240v)andhidethemwithsomeoverskirtingboardsfixturesandlocksforsafety,ratherthanrewirethehouseifitcametoitwithpriceanddomesticelectricalfittingworklaw.

    Thefullsizesystemof10Kwhybridgenerationisamimicofhavinggridpowerconnection,andthe8Kwhybridgenerationisaneconomicalmimicofhavinggridpowerconnection!

    Theanalogyhereinthisarticlefortheseoffgridpowersystemsizesissimilarmetaphoricallytothedifferencesbetweentravellinginavsixcylindermodernstationwagon(108Kw)1000Kmortravellinginasmall4cylindersedan(56Kw),withthe12vsystem(23kw)calculatedaliketravelling1000kminahatchback.Eitherwayyouseeit,itfinallygetsyouthere.

    YouraverageelectricitybillElectricityBillthisquarterMyelectricitybillis$1,360***pendingexchangeratebeingAUDtoUSD94centsatleastand"rateduringsale"beingabove93centsUSDfor1AUD(note:actualexchangeisbetweenCNYandAUD,However,USDismostlyusedbythesellerstouniversallydescribeprice)

    Australiahasbegunawindturbinesystemmanufacturethatcanbeappliedtodomesticpower,the"EcoWhisper325"5Kwwindturbine PICTURE(20Kw) EcoWhisperinformationPDF MainSiteEcoWhisper,However,itwillpossiblyneverbeacompetitoreconomically,only"aneconomicwhiteelephantasachoice"asalmosteverythingbuiltinAustraliaisgovernedbystandardsthatareworldclassnotmerelyitsprecisionconstructionrequirementsandmaterialsandaccreditedlicensedhumanresources(thismeanswith4yearsTertiaryDeg.andafurther2yearsforPhD"aspadeismostcertainlyaspade...butisitblackorwhite???willweeverknow...").

    FordomesticusetheaverageAustralianwillneverbeseeingitasaneconomicallyviablechoicethatwouldcostonly10yearsworthofgridfor12yearsuseinacompletesystemwithtwicetheelectricity(20yearsgridusageworth).

    SinceiamnottheEcoWhisperprojectauditororfinancieridonotprojectitcannotbecompetitivesomewhereinallbusinessconsiderationshoweverthebeforementionedpointsneedtobeconsidered.Certainlyitwillnotbeeconomicallyapointforthenexthalfadecade.

    Note:Thereshouldbeawebcounteratthebottomofthispage[Ifthepagedoesnot(loadproperly),thenpressF5keytoreloadpage]

    Nothingcouldberuderthanbeing1KilometerfromanymainsnetworkgridoutletinAustraliaandquoted30K(thirtythousanddollars)costs

    tosimplyputinthesupplytothepremiseswithoutconsuminganybefore30Kispaiddownto(10Kforshorterdistances).

    SobelowinthisDIYandself importedestimationthathastakenoneandahalfyearsofresearchtoproduce,

    whynotbuy1014yearsworthoftwicethequantityofelectricityforless!

    At15Kdollarsconnectionchargeamildlyremotehouse(500metersaway),abankloanalikehousingloancanbeacompetit ivestrategy

    Anaveragemainsgridsuppliedhomewithmorethantwopersonswillcostapprox.20,000dollarsfortenyearselectricity

    Thecarbontaxfrommainsgridelectricitytakesyourmoneyandyouconsumefossilfuel

    Thewindsolarhybridactuallycommitsbeinggreenrenewablecleanenergyand

    (onlyproblem)"requiredsizetoRELIABLYsupplygenerate(weathercostimplementation)"

    givestwicetheusableelectricity(40,000AUDofelectricity,for26,000AUDimplementation)

    Link:Whattheydidn'ttellyou!!!

    Intermsofcostsloansandtaxation,itdoesnotappearanythingorgovernmenttakesanynoticeofthepriceoflivingasneitherdidthefrenchcolonialgovernmentofVietnamwhenittaxeditspeasantsforriceuntilitwasimpossibletohaveenoughtoliveupon.OnepartialstoryoftheoriginoftheNorthVietnamuprisingwentthatbeforethe1950'suprisingthepeasantfarmerssoldtheirexcessrice(ricetoliveon)toexporterswhomwouldnotpayanythingmuchorwouldthennotbuyanyifasmuchasameaslycostwereitsprice,thentheexcessricewouldnotbesoldandgorotten,inturnthefrenchcolonialgovernment(relyinginpartonitstaxsomewhereinthetradeline)thentaxedpeasantsusingriceandtherewasnothingoverforthelivingthusgivingHoChiMinandotherstheirpointasmanyofthemtorevoltandcommitrevolution.

    ThesamementalitybytheAustraliangovernmentappearstobebeingcommittedfromanypartyinpowerintermsofrevenuecreation,thatbeingtaxationwithoutregardtoconsequenceontheideaofAustraliaasafirstworldexpensivecountry.Themoneymaybetherebutitspointmaynot.Forexamplearoundtenyearsbackiwentpastarealestatewindowoneeveningthathadasignwarningthenextdayallpropertysalesareonthenewsalestaxationincreasedrate."Overnight!!!"A315,000housethatnight,waswithastickeroverthepricethenextday,a420,000dollarhouse,430,000housethatnightwasthenextdaya550,000house,andanyofthemhadanewstickerovertheprice.Thatmeansatleastaverage"3yearsworthmoreannualwageearnerincomepaycompletelyandtotally"isaddedtothepricewhichisaroundsixtoeightmoreyearsloanrepaymenttime.Didanythingincreaseeveryoneswages50%???Ibetnot!

    .Thesolarcreditsrebateschemeisalsoavailableforoffgrid,howevertherebatecalculationcanonlybemadebyalicensedinstaller.However,nottoworry,anypriceyouareeverquotedinthiscountrybysupplyandinstallfor12yearsworthofoffgridisnotworththecostagainstgrid.ANDonlyknowingthisDIYselfimportsystemcanmatchthegrid.

    Whileitistruesolarpanelscontinuetooperatewhensunisbehindclouditisnowherenearasefficientandoftendropsto25%output(e.g.5Kwpanelsoutputs1.25Kw)particularlyoncloudydaysandinwinter.Australiangridtiedsolarkitsatthepropersensiblesizeof5Kwarearound$6Kforthekitonly(iamawaresomecheaperspecialsdoexistandsomesubvertivecheaperspecials).Installationdrivesthesetoaround$10Kfinally.Inoriginofthegridtierebatecampaignuntilnow,gridtiedkitsbyAustraliansupplierswerearound15Kto25Kfullyinstalled.Themaincomplaintlaidinpricingbypowerproducersisthe"ongoinginfrastructure"requiredtoservicelongmileageofremotepowerlinesbecauseitisnotanautomatedaction,itrequirespayinghumanswhomhavehighleveleducation.Italsoconcedesoutoftownnonsuburbanpowersupplyisaneconomicparasitebecausesuburbanintownsupplyonlyquitemakesanymoney,andthemoneyisactuallymadebysellingtofactoryindustrial.Insummary,thisoffgridDIYsystem(whereenvironmentallyapplicabletoitsrules)willatleastover12yearsbeabletoregulateyourelectricitycost.Queenslands'storyofpriceregulationand"payback"reliability

    Simplewindsolarhybrid12vsystemexample

    Somedocumentslinksinthisarticlerequire(PDF)AdobeAcrobatReaderdownloadtousethispage. .

    TheBasicEconomicsoftheDIYSystem

    ThisarticleisallDIY(DoItYourself),ifyouintendtouseatransportcompanyoranyextrapaidworkersthentheeconomicpointoftheDIYwillbelost(unlessyouareafarmerandhavehelperemployees).

    Also,the"Installing"sectionsetssomeminimumsforbothskillsandmaterialswhichyoushouldhaveorbeabletoobtainataTAFEoradultlearningcenter.Alternativematerialstomildsteelmaybecheaperbutshouldbefoundonacostsupplybasis.Itisillegaltoworkon"gridwiredhousingandphysicallyadjoinedpremises",however,offgriddoesnotcarryanyrelevanceforwiringnonadjoinednongridpremises,*but,everythingphysical(mounts,frames,batteryhousing,inverterhousing)canbeconstructedandputinplacereadytobewired(e.g.allthewaytothecableslayedoutandmountedoncarrypolestoo)andanelectriciancanthenbeusedtojointheinverteroutputtothepremisesfuseboxsystem(willrequiregettinganewfuseboxset)anda"kitsetpowersystem"withthispreviousactionwillallowfullinsuranceandoffgridrebateapplicable,bringingthe15Kwkitbacktoaround20.000AUD.Intermsofelectricaleducation,therearemanyplacesonthenetsuchas"youtubevideos"thatcanhelpunderstandthistypeofsystem.Andasmuchforpurposeoflegalelectricalspecifications(notmuchrequired)thosetoocanbefoundontheinternet(alittlesimilartotheUSAe.g.youcanburnyourselfdownifyouwantbutnotifitsstratatitle).

    note:"allDIY"SelfImportedandselfbrokeredkitspriceestimateincludesbatteriesandtariffandtransportandmuchoftheinstallmaterials(pricesquotedbyasupplierareusuallyinUSDasanintermediarycurrencyandrequireconversion)

    OnlineCurrencyconverterxe.com"BasicLoanRepayments"Calculatorforpeoplewhompossiblywouldusefinance(randomlytakenlinkfromasite)

    Thiscostingestimateis"somethinglike"ONLY,itdependsthedealyoumakeregardlesstheexchangerate(principally)

    Allapprox.50%S50%WHybrids:TOTALESTIMATEDDIYinstalled(implemented)"FINALCOSTS"(withGST+tariffand@XchangerateforKitand"highquality"sealedleadacidtypeaccumulators+DIYhiretransportandDIYmountingmaterials)

    Xchangerateaffected 10Kw 15Kw 20KwX@95centsAUDUSDtoCNY 22,500AUD 24,500AUD 27,500AUDX@92centsAUDUSDtoCNY 24,500AUD 27,000AUD 30,500AUDX@89centsAUDUSDtoCNY 26,500AUD 29,500AUD 33,500AUD

    Kits+"extra10kwinverter"areupto11,500AUDUSDCNY,batteriesarebetween7,0008500AUDUSDCNY,makingGST+tariffapprox.3,000AUDatport(yourbankchargesandrulesforT/Tiwouldn'tknow)

    (note:"highquality"sealedleadacidaccumulatorsarethebestofleastcostlyseemorebelow)PricecanvarybyAUD1500byexchangerate(moneybuyingortransactionbaserate)andAustraliandollarexchangeratevalue.Inessence,thisarticleexplainsyourequire80x80ahdeepcycleaccumulatorsat120vDCchargingsystem,or100x65ahdeepcycleaccumulatorsat240vDCchargingsystem.Andafinalpoint,atleast120140x65ahdeepcycleaccumulatorsat"20Kw"240vDCchargingsystem.HOWEVER,itcanbesqueezedbetterandlessexpensivelongerlastingwithotherleadacidbatterychemistrytypesASSHOWNLATERandwithhelpfromsomecalculatorsinthisarticle!!!

    TheHybridkitsuppliersoftendonotsupplythecorrectstandardandtypeofbatteryforthisusehereinthisarticleof12yearsbatterycyclelifeforgeneralhousesize(usually,notunlessyoupayenough),SoyoumustbuytheaccumulatorselsewhereasatradedealnearMOQ.UsetheinformationheretounderstandtheminimumrequirementsforaneconomicDIYscheme.

    (cheapercostsystem)Ifyoucanusetaskchorejobtimingmanagementinyourhome...

    warning:6000ahtoanabsoluteminimum4000ahof12vofbatteriesisrequiredforaproper1decadeofusesystem:Thereforeinsuchadealkeepthe"batteryacquirementchoice"separate(removednotrelated)fromthesystemequipmenttradedealanditscompany

    Ifyouhavea2.5Kwhotwaterelementorsmaller,andcan"always"notusecookingequipmentforonehourafterusingalargequantityofhotwater(andissetasoffpeak)suchasshowerorbathorwashingmachine!Also,youmustonlyuse2saucepanhotplatesand1otherappliancee.g.anoven,oramicrowaveovenoranaccessorygrillwhencookingisdone(only3highcurrentdrawelementsplusbasichouselightingandTV(digital)orradioandairconditionermustbeonlowsettingandotherheavyjobsmustbedoneoneaftertheothernottogether(e.g.washingmachineorhotwaterreheate.t.c.))!Youneedonly80xdeepcyclebatteriesof65ahsizefora120vsystem(!not80ah!)forthe10Kwor15Kwsystem.Finally,ifyoureallywantacheapersystemallround,thisforbatteriesanda5Kwwindturbinewith3Kwofsolarandtwo10Kwinvertersmakesthebareminimumwithcriticalusagemanagement.

    ***Itisn'twhetheryoucontinuallyusemoreelectricitythanyouwouldusefromthegrid,itishowwellyoucangeneratedirectsupplytotheinverterandchargethebatteriesbutformostchargethebatteriesonanextremelyovercastdayorregeneratechargeovernightfromheavyusageattheendoftheday!(Inessenceitcanbedonebyaslittleas3Kwwindturbineand3Kwsolarbutcontainstoomuchbatteryrelianceunderheavycurrentusageatsessiontime)!(inshortyoucouldswitcheverythingoffandcookforasmuchas4to5hoursadaydrawingcurrentat5Kweverydaywhenitissunnyorwindy.Thisistheessenceofthepoint)!

    ***10Kwkitgeneratorsystemisfornormalwindareas,and15Kwisforremotenonmountain,inlandlowwindareasorcriticalextremeremotelocations,NOTsimplytogetmoreorlessorforbatteries!(Inessenceitcanbedonebyaslittleas3Kwwindturbineand3Kwsolarbutcontainstoomuchbatteryrelianceunderheavyusagetime)!

    ***NEVERuseinvertersatmaximumcontinuouswattageoutputconstantlymorethananhouratasession.formostofeachdayitshouldbeoperatingatnomorethan50%ofitratedcontinuousoutput.Higherlevelswillburnitoutsoonerthisisthereasonforusingseparatecircuitsupplieswithtwoinvertersnotsimplyonefromthekit!

    ThisLink:5kwSolar3KwWind96vdcsystemtoSydneyportwouldbe22,000AUD@89centstoUSD(23Kwasanoverestimation,thecompleteimplementationaftertransportandmaterialwouldbearound24,500andifusing2x8Kwinvertersprobably23,500butrequirescarefulusageloadingtonottripthecircuitbreakerwhencooking(electric)ordoingotherhighcurrentwork)toSydneyportinclusiveafterGST+Tariff.Theestimateisalsowith2x10Kwinvertersreplacingtheoffered8Kwinverterandwranglingacustomtowerheightof12metersnotthe8mspecifiedbythekit.Soyouwouldtalkwiththemonchangingthekitparameters.Thebatteriesareasmentionedinthisgreytextboxandshouldbehighqualitylonglifecycleleadacid,donotusetheofferedbatteries.

    DIYtosomepeopleisconsideredatypeofporno,but,"itsnotlikethat",reallythedirtypictureofpricingtableupthereisonlythebasicmeanstoendandadefiniteclearcomprehensionofthefacetsofachievingasolarwindhybridsystemisrequired.Hencereadalltheinformationinthisarticle.OryoucouldbeansweringandaskingsomeawkwardquestionsaboutnothingtooseriousbyignoranceandnoforethoughtinanargumentyoujustcannotorwillnotwinwithotherpeoplenomatterhowproudyourfinalachievementinDIY.

    Themainproblemwithselfimport(apartmoneyandcommittingeverythingatthestipulatedtimeoncall)isrequiringtofilloutsomeannoyingpaperworknowdoneoncomputerbyVPNoverthenetwithcustomsACBPSsiteforimportation(theICSinCImode).FormostafterregistrationforCCIDandICS,andelectronicfundstransferforcustoms,theN10importdeclaration.(Youshouldhaveaprivatecomputer,personaldigitalcertificate"gatekeeperindividual"andinternetconnectionforbothemailtothesuppliersalespeopleandforthe"ACBPScustoms.gov.au"andits"ICSatwww.cargosupport.gov.au")

    ICScargosupportsystem"CI"ClientInteractivefirsttimeusers

    "Verisign.com.auindividualGatekeeper"DigitalCertificate(requiredforACBPSICS)

    CargoSupportICSfirsttimeusers

    CargoSupportICSfaqs

    CICustomsInteractivewithindividualdigitalcertificate

    Theinspirationforthisarticlewasfindingallthepiecesforasmallsystemonebay.com.aubutalsoonebay,systemsasbiga8kwinverterandsolarwindhybridoffgridpartscollectingataround8000includingenoughbatteriesis14,000,abitroughinsetupbutaboutall.(that'sright!"eightthousand"and"fourteenthousand"NOT"NINETYTHOUSANDfor7Kwofsolar",Howthehellanyonesmilesfor90,000ihavenoidea).ThecheapestieversawinAustraliaofoffgridsystemwasa6.5Kwhybrid5Kwwindand1.5Kwsolarwithbatterybankallfor35,000butdoesnotevenreachthequantityandqualityihavefoundandwrittenhere. .

    Introduction

    *note:ThereasonwindpowerorwindhybridsareoftennotusedisNOISEfromtheturbineblades,theyneedtobelocatedatleast80metersminimumfromanydwelling.*note:Apowerinverter(e.g.puresinewaveinverter)isadevicethattransformsbatterycurrentandvoltagefromDCtoACwitharatedspecificationofoutputvoltageACandratedcontinuouspowermaximumofKilowatts(the"ratedsurgesupplymaximumfor10seconds"isusuallytwicetheratedpower)83amps@12volts=1Kw4.1amps@240volts=1KwAnyproductsimportedthathaveatotaloflessthan1000AUDforallcostsinclusivetransportdonotrequiretariffduty,particularlypostalitems.

    *note:SEALEDleadacidNOMAINTENANCE,VRLA/SLAorAGMbatteriesareonlyeverusedbecauseriskofexplosionfrom"ventedtoair"batteriesistoorisky!!!

    WARNING!Forsafetyreasons(technicalandeconomic)Readthearticles(D.I.Y.WindSolar"OffGrid"articleandtheother12voltsystemsarticle)!!!OffGridpowers'keystoneisstorageofenoughelectricityusingdeepcyclebatteries!

    Offgridpowerisachievedusingdeepcyclebatteries(accumulators)with"floatchargelevelvoltagesetinthecontroller"NOTdeepcyclingchargesystem!

    Thedifference,accumulatorsareAmpereHour(AH)capacity"relating"temperaturedependent:

    Deepcyclingisdonebychargecurrentliftingthecapacitytoapproximately15voltsper12vbatteryand100%capacity.Toachieve100%capacityfor"DeepCycling"thetemperatureoftheaccumulatormustbesuitablyhighenoughduringchargingatleasttoallow100%fillingcapacity.Whenfilled,thebatteryisdischargedtoaDepthofDischarge(DOD)levele.g.30%DODor70%DOD.TheactionofdischargingdowntoaparticularpercentageofDODisknownas"cycling"andusuallyoccursconstantly"deepdownto70%DOD"underheavycurrentdrawwithinminutestohoursofstartinguse,and,oneactionofitiscalled"asinglecycle".Deepcycleaccumulatorshaveafinitereasonablyguaranteednumberofthese"cycles"knownforthelevelsofvariouspercentageDOD'Se.g.only1400cyclesto30%DOD.

    Floatchargingsystem,12to15yearsuseforoffgridsystems,adeepcyclebatteryisnotviolentlydischarged,itreliesonmostoftheelectricityproducedfromthegenerators(solarandwind)tobeductedintothetheDCto240vacinverterforusedirectlyasthestrategy.Thebatterybanksizeisforprotectionagainstrequiredemergencydischargeorminoroverrunsofusetopreventbatterywaredamagefromcausingseriousdecreaseintheirservicelife(lifecycle),italsoisusedtostoreburstenergytostartappliancescalled"surgepower".Thechargecontrolleris"notsetfordeepcyclingtothroughput15vper12vbattery"itissetmuchlowerat13.7voltswhichisanalogoustothechargecontrollerceasinginputatmaximumof75%80%batterybankchargedcapacity.Tooagain,alowertemperatureisused(usually20oC)toincubatethebatteriestolowerchemicalreactionthatcauseswareinsidethebatteries.

    OftendeepcyclebatterieshavesomeofthisinformationforfloatchargeandDeepCyclingwrittenonthesideofthemeach.

    1.Neverdischargeadeepcyclebatterybelowhalfits'capacity(mostmodelscanbe)andnevercompletely(mostmodelsarenotallowedthattooccur).

    2(a).Othersitescalculatestorageusage1:1ofAH(amperehourswatthours)tousagerequirement.Thisisneverdonebecauseadeepcyclebatteryoranybatteryhasaspecialchargersystemandchemistryrequiringittotheoreticallyremainabove70percentfull(forfloatchargeaction)bu',tohave15yearsofservice...specialbatterystoragebankusagemanagementrequiresthebatterybanktoremainabove85percentfullandthecorrectversionbatterychemistryinthebatteries(accumulators)tolast20yearscapableinfloatcyclemodelspecification.Thismeans"amperehoursused"to"amperehoursstorage"ismorethan10timesthedailyconsumptioncalculation(shouldbe1:11,theirmiscalculationforthisusage,theysaysomethinglike1:1.2)thanothersitesgiveforusingbatteries.

    2(b).Remember,mostotheroffgridonlinebatterycalculatorsarewrong(becausetheaccumulatorcalculationsarenotfor1215yearsusefloatlifecycle)!Otheronlinebatterycalculatorsforoffgriduseareusually"appliedasdeepcyclingaction"to70%DODofstoragebank.Thatisbecausetheythinkafew4wheeldriversorcamperswanttotakesomeelectricitytooperateamobilehomelikeenvironmentwheretheywillemptythebatteriesto30%full(knownas70%DODDepthofDischarge).NormalhousesANDflats/unitsseasonaluseis25Kwhoursto35Kwhadaybecauseofheatingcooling,hotwaterandcooking(justmentioningthebigones).Ineffectat"12vAH"standard(Ohms'Lawofwattstovoltstoamps)5000ahto6000ah(12voltstandardvalue)ofstorageisrequired("preferred"orabove8Kwratedgeneratorsystem,anextremelyexpensivelazyormismanaged12vvalueof6400ahMINIMUMisrequiredtosafelytakegeneratorcharge(input)levels(largehousesandworkshopsmallmansions...etc))!

    3.Remember,OffGridpowers'keystoneisstorageofenoughelectricityusingdeepcyclebatteries,deepcycleaccumulatorswereoriginallydesignedforindustrialuse,becausetheyrequire,highcurrentchargeanddischargerates,andheavycurrenthighvoltagethroughputbyaddingtogetherinseriesforthecustompowersystem.Therearetwomainvoltagesofdeepcyclebatteries"2v"(twovolt)singlecelland"12v"(twelvevolt)sixcelltypes.Thelifecyclenumberofdischargesisdeterminedbythechemistrytypeandconstructionmaterialssubstanceandquality,thereforeforcostonlybasicleadacid(pardonthepun)AGMleadacidandGELleadacidarecalculatedforherebuttherearemanychemistrye.g.calciumorsilicon,solearning"batterymodeldatasheets"(note:anddangerousgoodsMSDS)andbasicbatteryoperationparametersisasensibleideaifyouwishtouseoffbeattypesofdeepcycle(thatarealsonot"usually"viablebecauseofcost).Note:someofthelargest2vdeepcyclebatteriescanweighuptoaround200Kgasinglepiece!(IntheactualindustrialworldtherearemuchlargerweirderhighthroughputaccumulatorssometimesknownasSAB!(ShitABrick!)Thesetypeofcontainerorskipbinbatterybankwouldsitonconstructionsiteswithbarerodsfromtheterminalsoverheadintheearly1970'sasbackuportemporarypowerbutnodifferenttotheresultofbeingincontactwithastheprotectedhousedbatteriesseeninthepicturesinthelink.Theywould"incinerate"apersononcontactnotelectrocutethem!It'snowondericannotfindanypicsofthe70'sversionsonworksites,butherearesomemoderns.SumitomoElectricredoxflowbatteries BatteriesforLargeScaleStationaryElectricalEnergyStorage).3.(b)Remember,inDIYtoknowenoughatwhatyouwishtodoratherthansimply"attempt"becauseasingle12vcarbatterycankillbyelectrocutionorsimilartothebeforementionedindustrialbattery!

    4.NewTechnology.Itmayormaynotbeherebuttherearealwaysconcernsandproblemswithspecificationwhenimportingdirectly,suchasextratariffonmoretoxictechnology.It'sagoodideatoknowandaskabout"Rohs"standardcomponentsinelectricalequipment.Ofnewtechnology,hereisanewbatterychemistrybeingdeveloped:Aquionmanufacturescheap,longlastingbatteriesforstoringrenewableenergy

    5.Whilepeoplereadallthisorpartiallyandusegeneralsearchenginestolocatesuppliers,onthepointof"internationaltradedealsselfbrokered",HOWandWHEREdoesthatoccur.Whileidonotliketoputthesetwofollowingsitelinkshere,atleastitexplainswhyyoumustread"howtotalktoasupplier"andWHEREthesedealsareofferedandHOWtheyprobablyarefastened.1.Tradesite(ACBPSN10importtype) 2.Tradesite(mainlypostalimportandACBPS"SAC"formtype)

    [Warnnote:Onthepropertradebrokeringsite(N10importtype)ignorepricesyouseetoknowanythingforsuremeanstalkingtothesupplieraboutaspecificproduct!]

    NewsNov2013

    Someoneshouldtellthemtherewasanoldfashionedelectricalappliancecalleda"tube"(fortelevisions)andadevicewithapowerdraggingelectricmotorcalledatapeplayerwhichstartedtobereplacedaroundonedecadeprevious,the"tube"eatsatarateofleast1Kwinputpowercontinuouslywhileongenerallyandwasoftenonallday(pardonthepun)!GraphoftheDay:Ozhouseholdsslashelectricityuseby23%(28November2013)

    Electricityusagedrops,pricesincrease(November26,2013)

    Canberra?snewenergymantra:Renewablesbad,demandgood(28thNov2013)energywhitepaper2012Australia?senergytransformation

    Amountofyourlatestelectricitybill?

    WindSolarHybridkitscanbegotas"CIF"toSydneyPort

    14Dec2013(April2013)

    Inthis"changing"world,thereisonethingyoucantrustforpricing.Governmentownedprivatisedcompanies.(Thepreviousstatementspeaksforitself).WhatwasitbasicallyPMTonyAbbottsaid?Eachaveragedomesticpowerbillwouldgodown400dollarsayear,orwasit200,anyhow,thecostsobviouslywentdownforsomeone.Thereareotherfactorsaffectingpricingofwhateverisgovernmentowned,suchas,BudgetDeficit,Dollarexchangeratevalue,requiredgovernmentloanrepayments,exportsandindustryperformanceandinflation.Andthenthereisplainraisingthepriceanyhow.

    ElectricitypricestostabiliseasgasfacesjumpApril2013(electricitypricesgoup)

    ElectricitypriceswillfallwithorwithoutcarbonpriceDec2013(electricitypricesgodown)

    ElectricitypricessettodropasEuropeanlinkscomeintoplayApril2013(ALLTOGETHERNOWLADS!!!electricitypricesgoupanddown)

    CarbonpricefallexpectedtomoderateelectricitybillsDec142013(Electricitypricesnowbeing"nonchalant")

    Thereasonforcompletekitsisalltheturbine,controller,andpanelvoltagesmatch.NOTE:(VIDEO)SOLARPANELDIYWIRINGCONFIGURATIONSSOLARPOWERDIYGRIDFREEPANELSPHOTOVOLTAICYouTube

    Ifyoudonotuseacompleteelectricalsysteminyourhouse(e.g.usegasforcookingorhotwater)andwanttogettheoffgridpowersystempartspiecebypiece,remembertomatchalltogethercontrollervoltagestobatterybankvoltageandturbineinputandsolarinputvoltages!!!A"10Kwthreephase120vDCto240vACOFFGRIDinverter"willsufficewithanyofthese,IfyourhouseusesLPGcooking(outoftownnotmainsgas)andhaselectrichotwatera4Kwwindturbineand"5kwratedhybridcontroller120v"withthesolarintakecustomraisedto3Kwcanbeusedforalargehousewith607080ahdeepcyclebatteriesorifcookingandhotwaterareLPGthena4Kwwindturbineand"5kwratedhybridcontroller120vwith1.5Kwsolarintake"and60x80ahbatteries,However,ifyourhousehasaroofmountedevaporationairconditionerthesolarintakeshouldbecustomraisedatthefactoryto4kwofpanelsintaketothehybridcontrollerand70x80ahbatteriesused.Ifthekityoumakeorgetis10Kworlessandis120vDCbatterybankorless(e.g.96vor48v),andyoudonotfindaproblemusingtimingmanagementfortaskswithlargecurrentmachinessuchashotwater,andstovetopoven,foraround5000toSydneyportyoucanacquiretouse80x40ahdeepcyclebatteriesoftherequiredqualityof1600dischargeto30%DODandusagechemicallifecycleof10years@30oCelsius.(*note:thereasonforleadacidnotgelelectrolytetypeisbecauseitischeaper,andbecausewithlargersizegeneratorkitsthecharge/dischargecurrentlevelsandpriceforlongstringsetsof10batteries(120vDC)or20(240vDC)requiresmoresetsofserieslinesofbatteriesthisonebasepriceatDec.2013isaround56AUDp/piecebasepriceatfulfilledMOQrequest"soe.g.onlyfor60pieceswouldbevaguelysomethinglike4500toSydneyport").Thiswillonlygiveyouhalfthetimeforusing2stoveandoven(total3)(Thisdevice(8000w/h8Kw/hworth)plussomeextraisthetotal10%15%"prospectivisedcalculatedstoragebuffer"capacityallowedusedfromthebatterybanktotalp/day)andcanonlybeusedduringthedaysimultaneousoronebyoneafterdark(butshouldalwayshavealagof1/2hourbetweenlargecurrentapplianceuseexcepttheairconditioner).Thiswouldbringthecostofa10Kwhybridkitdownto19,500AUD@(92centsAUDUSD)approx.

    Anoteabout"windsolarhybridcontrollers(thecharger)"...particularlyifyouwanttoconstructyourownsystembyspecificationsandimportandhandlearound8pickupsandN10importdeclarationsreceiptsandtaxtariffe.t.c.Notallcontrollersareasfunctionalasothermodelsandmuchthesizeofwindtosolarratioisthesameinallmodelsfromchinaassimilartoastandard.Itispossibletohaveanyhybridcontrollermodifiedforsolarchargecapacity"upto"thesamequantityasthe"ratedwindinput"chargecapacityinwatts.***1Oneparticularinterestingfeaturethatissometimesoptionalinhybridcontrollersforthewindturbineiscalled"lowchargevoltagechargingfunction".OddlyitisnotincorporatetoallchargersandiswortheverypieceofitsexistencebecauseitactssimilartoMPPTbutusesvoltagesgeneratedbytheturbinethatarebelowthebatteryvoltagelevelandwhentheturbineisspinningextremelyslowly.***2Anotherfeatureis"batterytemperaturechargecompensationfunction".Asyoucanseefromabatterydatasheet,theheldcapacityofthebatteryandtheallowedchargingcurrentmaximumaredifferentatvariousenvironmentaltemperatures.Thisispresentasstandardinmanycontrollersbutsometimesnotothers.

    Solar,windorhybridcontrollersrequirematchingvoltagestoinputANDcurrent(amperageorwattage)levels.WithaHybridcontrollertherearesomefeaturestounderstandtosuccessfullymatchinputchargeofwindturbineandPVpanelstothecontroller.

    Herearesomespecificationstakenfromacontrollerthatoutputsto96vratedbatterybank.

    Systemvoltage96VDC

    ThebasicratingofoutputofthecontrollerDCforbatterybankafterprocessingtheinputcharge.However,theexactvoltagerelates"floatchargevoltage"ofthebatteries.

    solarcell90VDC~200VDC

    Thisisthesecondmostimportantvoltageforsolarpanelsstringsetsinseries.EachlineofpanelsHASA"PMax."or"Vmp"MaximumVolts,addstogethereachpanelinseriesuntilitreachestojustunder200VDCvoltsDC.

    Whenthepanelsareaddedtogetherthereoftenisn'tenoughtomakethewattagePw(peakwatts)allowedbythecontroller.Addthe"totalofthewattageofthestringofpanelsitrequiredtomatchPMaxandVOC"inseriesuntilyouhavethecorrectmaximumwattagebyasmany"seriesstringsetsofpanels"required,but"notmorethantheratedwattageoftheinput"tothecontrollerforPVpanels.

    openvoltage"VOC"240VDC

    ThiscalledtheVOCsometimesOVC"OpenCircuitVoltage".TheVOCistheparametertotrytomatchidenticallybutmustneverexceed.Whenallthepanelsusedtomakeaserieslineareaddedtogether,alikethePMax.theVOCofeachpanelmustbeaddedtogetherandmustbejustunderorthesameastheratedVOChereof240VDC.(note:240vdcisacoincidenceherenotrelatedtootherthingsusing240v)

    UsableExampleOnly:IfwehaveourHybridcontrollerherewiththeseparametersasa4Kwor5kwwindplusstandardsolarwattage,andrequesttomodifybeforepaymentto4000wsolaralsoatordertimetoadjustitforsimilarsolarinputwattageasextraWecouldobtainthispanelanduseitbecauseitcalculatesclosetotheuppercontrolleroperationboundarywhilenotoverloadingitforthisexamplemodel.

    250W260W270WPolySolarPanelPort:GuangzhouMinimumOrderQuantity:10Piece/Piecesnegotiable

    (260w)(VMP=36v)(OCV=43.9v)(15Panels)

    15panelsx260wattseach=3900wattstotal

    5panelsX260watts=1300watts

    5panelsx36voltsVMP=180voltsVMP

    5panelsx43.9voltsVOC=219.5voltsVOC

    GoodExample:VMPis21voltsshortofmaximum,VOCis19voltsshortofmaximum220wSolarPanelPort:QingdaoMinimumOrderQuantity:10Piece/Pieces

    (220w)(VMP=29.8v)(OCV=36.8v)(18Panels)

    18panelsx220wattseach=3960wtotal

    6panelsX220watts=1320wattsEACHSERIESSTRINGOFPVPANELS

    6panelsx29.8voltsVMP=178.8vVMP

    6panelsx36.8voltsVOC=220.8voltsVOC

    WINDVOLTAGERANGE90~150VDC

    Windvoltagerangeisalittletricky,Whethermeasuredinampsorwattsthecontrollerhasamaximumallowance"ofmax.turbinewattage"asaratingandsometimesitisonlyexpressedas"amps"(current)oneitherawindorsolarchargecontroller.Youneedtomatchtheturbineforboth"ratedwattage"and"maximumwattage".

    Asyoucanseethereisavoltagerangeof90vto150vforaDCturbineorrectifiedACoutput.Thisindicatesthateithera110voltor120voltTurbineisappropriate.Theturbineshouldmatchjustnearthemid(120)pointbetweentheupper(150)andlower(90)valuesofvoltage,ifworsecomestoworst,thennearerthebottomofitactuallye.g.a96voltturbine.

    Of2014,hereisacontrollerthatDIYpartbypartisthecorrectsizeforoperatingahomealikehavingthegrid,buteitherwaythegeneratorsizeisveryimportanttopreventbatterieseverbeingdrainedbelow15%fromthetop(15%DOD).Highpower8000w48vWind&solarhybridcontrollerchargerwithLCDDisplay,PWM,&Dumploadfunction3000wwind+5000wsolarNOTE:withwindturbinestherearealwaystwodifferentratings"rated"and"Maximum"!!

    Notebeforestarting,thecompaniesforbothbatteriesandhybridpowersystemsmentionedatthebottomofthepageareanextensivesurveyresearchforbestandlargesteconomicallycomparativetonetworkelectricityinAustraliaofwillsupplytheKwpowerlevelrequiredtocompete,theredonotappeartobeanyothersintheseonlinecommercialcatalogs.Ifthesystemwilllastatleasttwelveyearsitwillbesimilartoevenimplementationcostbutby7yearsuseahybridkitisatleastthesamequantityofelectricityagainstAustraliannetworks10yearssupplyapprox.Kw/heconomically(However,ahybridkitmaybecanbetwicethereadysupplyusagep/timeunit).

    Onecompanyhas5KwpowergenerationGridtieHybridsets2kwsolarand3kwwind,thatisonlysuitableforhousesthatcouncilandneighborsdonotmindthenoiseofthewindturbineandunlikelyincitysuburbswherethatwouldnotbetolerated.NOTE:gridtiedisnotusefultostreetswherehousesaremorethan50meters(probablyonly30meters)apartbecausethesupplylinelosesappreciablechunksofthegeneratedenergybackupthelinetosupply,generallyitwouldtakea10kwgridtiekitthatwouldonlyproduceback5kwintothegridrunningatmaximum,sotheyarenotahugepointexceptinvillagesandverysmalltownswithlargehouseblocks,butwellworthitiftheyaretolerantofalittleextrahummingnoiseandisalso24/7withwind.Beyond50metersapartitisnotworthgridtieorcostsorimpendinggridprices.

    AllAustralianhousesare15Kwpowersystemminimum(oraround8Kwgeneratorpowersystemrequirementif"gasheating,gascookingandgashotwater"areused).note:thisarticleonlyaccountsarooftopevaporationairconditionernomorethan3Kw.

    AscienceshowonceairedonAustralianTVboastedtheycouldoperateanAustralianhomeoffgridusinga3Kwwindturbinegenerator.AllAustralianhousesbelowasmallmansionrate15Kwincludingflatunitsiftheycontainallthebelowinthetablebecauseofcookingandhotwater.Ahousewith5childrencouldrequirea20Kwinverterandminimum5kwsolarand5Kwwindhybrid.Asmallmansionwouldrequire10Kwwindand10Kwsolarand20Kwinverter.1.Electricalappliancesurgedoesnotoftenremainunder3Kwformanyappliancesattimeofstarting.2.Windgeneratorsonlygeneratewhensufficientwindispresent,Solarpanelsonlyproduceasmallpercentageofwattageduringmiddayhoursinsummer.3.TherequiredconsumptionlevelsofastandardAustralianhomerequiremuchmorereliablequantityofelectricgenerationrelatingweathercycles(solarorwind).

    Link:(PDF)ImportationstepsandprocessesfromdealtocustomswarehouseN30RCRexitafter"cleared"(note:schedule4mentioninthisshouldbe"schedule3",4istheconcessiontypeinformation)

    OffGridpracticallybycosteffective!

    Batteries("Accumulators"amulticellbatterythatisrechargeable)arewhatmakesanoffgridsystem(theconsolationforpriceof"aneffectivesizesystem"andthebatteriesistwicetheelectricityforperiodofoperationsonomoreswitchingoffthefirstworlduntilitmakesnosensehavingallthoseappliances)

    .............AscienceshowonceairedonAustralianTVboastedtheycouldoperateanAustralianhomeoffgridusinga3Kwwindturbinegenerator................Whatmakesthis3Kwsystemfalseistheveryunderpinningtechnology(batteriesdeepcycle)andreasonsfortheirincorporationtothesystem."DeepCyclebatteries"areusedforlargecurrentandvoltagestoragepurposeinthisinstanceand"notUPSbatteries(UninterruptedPowerSupplybatteryforremotetelecommunicationsstations)"becauseoftherequiredinputandoutputcurrent"handling"levels,ifnotheavycurrent(amps)thenina120vor240vDCsystemcertainlythehighvoltagemustbeconductedefficientlyperamp.ThemostcommonuseofdeepcycleBatterysisforelectricmotorsthathaulweightssuchasmotorisedwheelchairs,industrial12vhoistoroffgridindustrialpowertoolusage.Deepcyclebatteriesaregenerallyanindustrialdevicebecausetheirpriceandusagewillgenerallybe"profitableforcircumstanceofgettingapaidjobtooccur"notforcheapelectricitysupply.

    Abulkbuyofatleast100batteriesdoesbringthepricetosomethingmoreaffordable(accumulatorAHsizing)perbatterybutisfraughtwithall"transportcosts"(particularlyfromthecustomswarehouseinAustraliaandbeyond)andcareofequipment(mainlydischargelevelcalledDOD,orbatterylifecycletotemperatureofoperation).Transportation(assaidhereinthisarticle)isbestgainedasa"CIF"(CostInsuranceFreight)"tradedealagreement"(personal)usingSeaOceanTransportasBB(BreakBulk)cargoforthese"sizeofbuys",andChinaonlyshipstoBrisbaneandSydneyPorts(sometimesDarwin)NOFurther!!!.

    Batteriesinanoffgridpowersystemare"analogoustofuelinavehiclefueltankandmileage"meaningtheybothrunoutoffuelandburnorwareout,Soataround10,000for100x80ahbatteries(Accumulators)toyourdoorstepyoudonotwanttosimplyusethembywaitingforcharge,youmustusesomeofandatleast50%directlyfromthechargerequipmentwheninuse,thismeanshavingabigenoughwindturbineandenoughpanelstosupplysuchaquantity.Againtoo,whenweatherconditionsarenotoptimumandwillnotbegoodforanextendedperiodsuchasdaysthenitrequiresaminimumratingofinputfromthesituationtochargethebatteriesanditisbettertohavesomeextraabilityinthoseconditionstocommitsomereasonablesupplyofchargeintotheusage,hencewindpower.Tomakemattersworsetwoproblemscanoccur,1.thesystemislocatedinalowwindaveragearea,2.Itcanbeanumberofdaysbeforesunreappears.

    Thisisnoweasytounderstandwhya"15Kwpowergenerationratingsystem"forahouseistherequirement,notsimplyoneorthreeKwmaximumgeneration.A10Kwwindturbinealonewouldbeaminimumandforalowwindareaasitwillonlyproducearound1Kwforthewindspeedandprobablyonly8Kw/hfora24hourdayinagreyheavilyovercastdayinalowwindarea,asmuchonlyaround1Kwmorewithahybridwith5Kwofpanels.Batteriesallowthegeneratedchargetobestoredandredischargedevenlywhenrequiredparticularlyifgenerationoutputdropsbelowusageoutputrequirement,butdonotlastforeverandcanonlyhandleaparticularnumberofdischargecyclesbeforeunusable.Alsotheycanonlydischargearoundamaximumof1/2halfaKiloWatt(500watts)eachandaround5Kwfornomorethan5to10secondsforsurge(hencethechannelingby80piecesof80ah"accumulators"(rechargeablemulticellbattery)being8linesof10in120vdcsystemsor4linesof20in240vdcsystems).Morethanthis,batterytemperaturerisingabove2025degreesCelsiuscanlowerthelifetimeoftheleadacidbatterytoaslittleasfourtofiveyears(seebelowatthedatasheet).

    Butthefinalproblemisasetofbatteriesrequiredtomatchachargerdevice(solarwindhybridcontroller)andadistributordevice(powerinverter)calledabatterybank.AbatterybanksufficienttoholdsomeexcessreservechargetooperateanAustralianhouseanditsappliancesfortwodaysisaround400amperehours@240vwhichtranslatesto"100x12volt80ahdeepcyclebatteries".considernowthatthisisalso2.3tonneofbatteriesataround85USDcostp/batteryatthebasecostandaround100to110per80ahbatterywhenalltransportcostsandtariffandGSTareapplied.Agrandtotalofaround11,000onyourdoorstepfor100batteries(transportcompanyasworstcasescenario).

    Thisarticleisaboutwhatlittlecanbedonetoeconomicallycompetesensiblywiththegridasanalternative.Asmuchbecauseof"costandeconomicexchangerateorconstructiondeficitblowout"theminimumisthegoal,soleadacidaccumulatorsofsometypewithatleastasensible10yearfloatlifecyclechemistryatasensibletemperatureratingisrequired.It'snotapointtogetaqualityortypetoohighandcausecostblowout.

    Howbatteriesoperate

    Batteriespresentaproblemononeparticularfeaturethatissubtlebutalwayspresentrequiringassessmentbeforeputtinginasystem.Currentdraw(amperagewattage)inuse!Offgrid"SystemStorageVoltage"areoftenanyof48v,96v,120v0r240vDC(DirectCurrent).Any"DeepCycle"batterycanonlyputoutamaximum200w(16amps@12v)continuouslywithoutdamageandthistotaledaddedtogetherinseriesstringforthepurpose.Bythiseffectitisnotbeingusedasadeepcyclebattery(currentcapacitysafetyonly)butitmustnoteverbeoverloadedtooperatethe1012yearsofuse.

    Sotobestunderstandmeasureofhowmanybatteriestohave,itrequirestounderstandmaximumcurrentdrawsimultaneouslyofanormal"allelectricservicedhouse"beingnominally12Kwformediumsizedhomesand15Kwforlargefamiliesorlargeappliancehomesduringheavyusage.Sothisfollowsthatonseriesstringpervoltagecanoutput:(NOTE!:Continuousoutputisanythingbeyond30seconds!)48v=4batteries=800wperstring.(18stringsfor15Kw,or,13strings(52batteries)for12Kwcontinuousoutput)96v=8batteries=1.6Kwperstring.(9stringsfor15Kw,or,7strings(56batteries)for12Kwcontinuousoutput)120v=10batteries=2Kwperstring.(8stringsfor15Kw,or,6strings(60batteries)for12Kwcontinuousoutput)240v=20batteries=4Kwperstring.(4stringsfor15Kw,or,3strings(60batteries)for12Kwcontinuousoutput)(AminimumofVAGUELY60batteriesarerequiredof80ah=4800ahofbatteries@12vrating(6cells))Otherfactorsaredutychemistryexplainedelsewhere.(Note:"deepcyclingisextremelydamagingtoabattery"anda"specialpurposeaction"notaspecialchemistryparticularly!)

    OnefinalimportantpieceofinformationrelatingproperbatterysizeandquantityistheclassifiedAHamperehoursizeofthebatteryunder"currentdischarge"conditions.Whendischargingabatteryof"deepcycle"leadacidtype,generallytheycanhandleupto40amps(1/2Kw)as"deepcycling"sometimesaremanufacturedtowithstand50amps(WARNINGthisisadeepcyclingdutyforthrowingawayaftercontinuallydrainingto(usuallyaverageisaround120160fulldischargesonlycalled"DeepCycling")maxnumberof90%DODdischargesNOTalongperiod(12years)powersystemmodeofoperation).Whatmustbeunderstoodis200wis16ampsandataround24ampsdischargelevelthebatteryAH(AmpereHour)ratingisloweredtoe.g.normal20hourtestrating80AHbecomes60AHand5hourrating,andat30ampdischargeleveltheAHratingofan80AHbecomes30AHand1hourratinge.tc.....becausethisoccurstoofastforthechemistryontheplatestokeepupwiththedischargeascontinuous.Thesetypesofspecificationchangewithchemistrytypeandmanufacturetypeandmethodofinternalsandvarygreatly,butthensotoodoesprice!Wecanonlyaffordwhatisrequired!

    Itshouldnowbeeasytounderstandthatifyoumadeyourselfa12Kwhouseusagesizesystemandyouhavetwo10Kwinvertersoreventwo8Kwinvertersyoumayneedthesafetyofaminimumof60deepcyclebatteriesnomattertheactualAHrating,particularlyifyouwereaccidentallytodriveitatthepossible15Kwsizeforasmalltime.Tounderstandthislastfeaturebetterlookatthedatasheet(PDF)forabatteryprovidedhere,andtheheadings:"ConstantCurrentDischargeCharacteristics:A(25Celsius)"and"RatedCapacity"forthetimedischargeAHrating.

    Ensuringbatteryservicelife

    Inanoffgridsystem,asmentionedbefore,batteriesstoragecapacityandleadplate(Kg)areakintoavehiclefueltankandfuel.Toadjuststoragetothecorrectsizeforleadaciddeepcyclebatteries,10%ofbatterybankstoragecapacityisaveragedailyuse.30%DODisacommoncapacitymeasurementanditsreasonisbecausethetop30%ofbatterycapacitychargeisusedfor"floatcharging".ToproperlyaccountallrequiredstorageONLY10%ofthefloatatthetop(TO10%DOD)isusedbecausethebatteriesmustlastlongerthanthe30%DOD1400discharges(4yearsadaysaverageusageofelectricityperdischarge).Nearto(moreorless)10%isadayselectricityusageanddischargeisnearthreetimesthe30%ratinge.g.10%DOD=1400x3=4200/365=11.5yearswhilekeptunder23degreesCelsiusformost,also,thisisimpossiblebecauseofsomesummerdaysanddischarge/chargeheatinginternallyandwillmoreequal7yearsbecauseoftheselatterfactorsofdeteriorationandchemicalaging(buttherearewaysfora10year20oCelsiuslifecycletypetolast9years).

    Remember,sizeofabatterybankandthequantityofbatteries(perserieslinetomakethesystemDCvoltageside)isnotsimplythestoragequantity,itisactuallythe"allowabledischargecurrentlevel"and"chargingcurrentlevelstressesfrompowerandtemperaturethroughthesetofbatteriesbecauseofbatterypreservationforlifetimeofthebatteries(12years),notmerelythefactthattodischargethestoredcapacitytoaparticular%DODcanaffectthelifetimeofthebatteries.

    Asexample(belowhere)isthis"DOD/TimeCalculator"forabatterybank.Iftotalbatterybankstorageampsat12voltsis80AH(almost1Kwhtotal)(e.g.justonebattery)thetheoreticaltimeto30%DOD(1/3discharge)is"17"minutesof1Kw.Then3x17=51minutes,3x30%=90%ofthebatterystoragesize.ThefollowingjavascriptformcalculatesthequantityoftimeabatterybankhasifitwerebeingdischargedataconstantKwdrawlevelofcurrent(amperage)use.

    TheaverageallexclusivelyelectricalenergysuppliedhouseinAustraliaisbetween25Kwhto35Kwhdaily,hencedrawat"1Kw"(theselectoptionsfield)downto15%DODshould"hypothetically(notnecessarily)"equal"atleast"around"25hours"inthedecimalfractionhourfield(outputanswer)inthefollowingform,relatingthesettingsofAH(amperehours)ofbatterybankfilledintothe"batterybanksTOTAL12vworthofAH's"andselectionof"@"X"Kwcurrentdraw"selector.

    Ifyouhade.g.12x3000ah"2"volt(not12)batteries,then6batteriesinseriesmakes3000ahof12volts,so12batteries=2linesx3000ah=6000ahTOTAL@12volts.

    Whenbatteriesareaddedinlineinseriesthevoltsareaddedtogetherandraised,buttheAHremainthesame.Whenbatteriesareputinparallel,thaAH'sareraisedbutthevoltsremainthesame.

    Forthestoragequantityby12voltbatteriesthetotalstorageiseasiestby12v.Ifyouhave80of12vbatteriesthatare80ahbatteriesthatmakes6400ah.Soifallthe80wereparallel(neverdothat)thecalculatorwillsayyouhaveat"1"Kw,"11.566265060240963"hours=11.566265060240963Kw/h's.Bythesamepoint,ifour80ah12voltbatterieswerearrangedlikenext,"8linesof""10batteriesinseries"using120vpowersystemstorage,andweusedacalculationfor120vatcurrent(ampere)drawof1Kwitwouldbeexactlythesame!!!"11.566265060240963"hours=11.566265060240963Kw/h's.!!!

    Soyoucanbuildanyvoltagesystemyouwant"with12voltdeepcycleaccumulators"butvoltage(bybatteryarrangement)doesnotandcannotchangethequantityofelectricitystored!Justaddallthe12vbatteriesAHratingstogetherforthetotal(equivalenttomultiplyingtheAHratingbythenumberofbatteries),orifyouhave2vsinglecelldeepcycleaccumulators(batteries),dividebysixthetotalnumberofbatteriesandthenmultiplythatnumberofaccumulatorsbytheAHratingtheyhave(theyshouldallbethesame!e.g.3000ahor250ahor80ah...whatevere.t.c...)

    Foranactualpermanentoffgridsystem,because"14000ahworthof12v(25Kwh's15%DOD)"sizeistoocostly(fordedicated10+years),andasmuchthepowersystemcanusebymanagement1:1ratio(halfbatterysupplyANDhalfwind/sungenerator)of"batterybank"to"directsun/windgeneration"canbetheday/nightefficiencybalancewhenaddedtogether,only6000ahworthof12vfornormalgridmimicisrequiredandaround4000ahforsmallersystemsthehousehashaditsappliancesremodeledforefficiency.

    Tomentionithere(forturbinesforprice,it'sbesttotellthelengthsforthe+tothekitsuppliertomatchtheturbineKwandtherequiredlengths)whetherkitoryoubuildpiecebypieceCablesizetovolts,amps,watts

    [AmpsandWattscalculatorforSystemVoltages]Fillinonefieldonly(numeralsonly)tocalculate!

    Ifyouwanttofindtheampsinvarioussystemvoltages,simplychangethevoltselectoraftercalculating!IFyouwanttofindwatts"FROMAMPS"again,"setthevoltageselectorfirstbefore""clickonclear"atextentryfieldtorewriteinAMPSagainandthenusingtheCalculatebutton!!!

    (Volts) 12v (Amps) AMPS CALCULATE (Watts) WATTS[Wattsisameasureof"jobEnergy"extremely"alike"KiloJoulesorKiloCalories]

    Hoursof240vusagefromLeadAcid(Gel/fluid)batterybankstorageof12vAmpereHourstotal(ByDODfloatdischarge)@"X"Kwcurrentdraw 500w [REQUIRED]

    BatteryBankin12vAHTotal totalInput12vAHhere [REQUIREDnumeralsonly]

    CalculateTime (5yearsMax)Kw/Hoursof240vTo(30%DOD hours)(TotalinMinutes )

    (10+years)Kw/Hoursof240vTo(15%DOD hours)(TotalinMinutes )

    WARNING:[AlwaysresearchGELleadacidfordischargestoprice,apartnormalfluidleadacidtype,anotherisalsoPAM,it'susuallyMOQisthedealproblembutaskthem]Whilethecalculationaboveshowsyouhowmuchstoragein"thebasicdailyrequirementmustbeavailable",itdoesnottellyoumuchaboutthedifferencesof"LeadAcidtypebatteriesalone"forthepurposeoflasting12yearsto15%DOD,thefollowingcalculationcanbefedthenumberofdischargesfromthespecificmodels'datasheettoconverttoyearsasadecimalfraction.

    Ifthebatteryisasufficientqualityitwillbehavesomethingalikedoublethe30%DODdischargesat15%DOD.

    However,generallyonlyhalfofthetotaldailyrequirementis"onesingledischarge"forstorage(amperehours)purpose,andinheavymanagementtacticandmodifiedhouseholdrefitiscalculatedasonly1/3rdofthetotalstoragerequirementpersingledischargeforthe12yearperiod.

    calculateyears NumberofDischargestoX%DOD numberofdischarges dischargestoYears

    4400dischargesis12years,2200is6years.Asixyearsystemof80xof"40ah"deepcycleGELto30%DODmaybeamoresuitablestrategyforsome.withthecalculatorabovethebatterybank"3200AH"timeis23.132hourstotal(23Kw/hworthat30%DOD)perdischargeto30%DOD.Withthedatasheetbelow,wecanseeitwilllast6yearsatorbelow23oCelsius.Sotouseasixyearbatterystrategy,in51/2yearsyouresearchandbuyanother80xof40ahaccumulators.Onefinalpointtothisis40ahdeepcyclearequitesmall,sobesttousenotabove120vBatterybanksystemvoltageyouchoosetoorder.

    Therearemanychemicalcombinationtypesofleadacidbatterysystem,relating"LifespanInYears"becauseoftemperatureandchemistrytype!!!*PAMadditivelonglifeleadacid.Link:PAMadditivedeepcycle*GELmoreefficientbasicleadacidorwithPAM.*Lightconstructedshortlifelowdischargequantitylowtemperatureoperation.*Longerlifespanhightemperature,heavyconstruction.Link:QualityGELleadacid*AGMAbsorbedGlassMat.*SiliconLeadAcidwidetemperatureoperationrange.

    ThesearethecommonLeadAciddeepcycletypesandefficiencyvariesimmenselywith,*price(aboveorbelowMOQ,companyandsetquantity)*Note,alwaysbuy"EXW"or"CIF"(particularly)only!!!(*spnote:MOQMinimumOrderQuantitye.g.units:"sets"or"pieces")*DODdepthofdischargeratings(shorterfloatlifespan15%DODissimilarto30%DODlonglife15%ismoredouble30%)*withtemperaturefloatlifespan(accumulatormodellifespanshouldbemorethan10yearsalwaysatorabove20oCelsius!)*localenvironmenttemperatureaffected"ahcapacity".*currentdraw"rateofdischarge"affected"ahcapacity".

    Inshort,therecanbeanycombinationofmentionedaboveoffered,butitisamatterofverifyingtheprice,themodeland"datasheetinformation"areeffectiveata12yearjob.

    Youneedtobesureitwilloperatearound50%capacityat10oC,thefloatlifeismorethan12yearsat20oCminimum,anddischargeto30%isatleast1600discharges,andifaGEL.

    Inshortalwaysaskforanestimateof15%DODand30%DODandthedatasheet,anditalwaysrequiresahighquality"LeadAcid"tobeeconomicenough.

    *Asexplainedlater,therearewaysofkeepingthetemperatureofbatteriesatalevelthatwillgivemorethan10years"floatlife"andaround8090%capacitytochargeto.RECAPNOTE:Rememberassaidbefore,onlyuseatotallysealedbatterytype,NEVERventilatedtoatmosphere!

    Hereisa"DATASHEETExample"ofa200AHGELleadacidbattery"(insufficientversion),theirqualityandspecificationsvarygreatlyalikethestandardsealedfluidleadacid,howevertheygenerallyhavealiketwicethedischargesofastandardfluidtypeDODtoDODcomparison.Thisoneisnotsufficientbecauseitratedbelow10years@

    20oCelsius

    Apologies!(oopsblooper!!!thisoneremovedfromlinknextwasalikethebelowat6yearsmaxonlyhttp://mdeng.en.alibaba.com/product/1934106484221514451/2014_Newly_High_Quality_Gel_Battery_12v_80ah.html)

    Hereisasufficientversion80ah100ahGELhttp://ciyibattery.en.alibaba.com/whichthe"20piecesM.O.Q."tradelotwillbemoreexpensive"perpiece"ifonly16werethetradedeal(forsmall48vorsmall96v),butthepiecequantity(50)iseffectivelyperfectbydischargesforthe120vor240v(240vwouldrequire60pieces)8Kwand10KwHybridpowergeneratorsystemstobetween30%and15%over12years

    comparedtothehighqualityleadacidsfullstop!Andanothersufficient80ahGEL(largeMOQtradelotwillbemoreexpensive"perpiece")http://motoma.en.alibaba.com/

    LeadAcidBatterytypesmaintenance

    Batterycellperformance"measurementsandunits"tutorial

    (Quickexplaination)"6monthly"leadacidBattery"Equalisingmaintenance"

    "6monthly"leadacidBattery"Equalisingmaintenance"

    NOTE:Equalisingleadacidbatteriesshouldbedoneinaccordancewiththerequirementsstipulatedforthe"brand"andmodelwiththemanufacturersinformation,"sealedbatteries"cannotbechemicallytestedsoaskforthespecificinformationatordertime.*Somechargecontrollerscomewithan"equalisationfunction",However,asbefore,askforthespecificmaintenanceinformationonequalisingleadacids'forthemodelatordertime.

    HowtoSetachargecontrollerforthebatterymodelusingaDataSheet

    Theabovedatasheetisgoodproblemtoshowaboutoneofthemostimportantfeaturesofacontrollerinitssettings!Achargecontrollermusthavea"settable""Overchargevoltagesetting"andan"Overchargerecoverysetting".Theoverchargesettingstopsthechargerfromdamagingthebatterybyovercharging,itswitchestheturbinetothedumpload.Therecoveryfromoverchargeallowsthechargecontrollertochargethebatterybankwhenit'sbeenusedatinypieceandthevoltagehasdroppedaccordingtothesettinggiventoitthatisusuallyonlyhalfavoltlowerthanthe"overchargedsetting(batterybankisfull)".

    Inshort,twomainpropersizeddomestichouse"DCsystemvoltages"for8Kwand10Kwexist,120vDCand240vDCbatterybankandhencechargecontroller!Tomake120vsystemwith12voltbatteriesrequiresaserieslineof10accumulators.Tomakealineof240vrequire20accumulators(batteries)inseries.

    (Hypothetical)However,therecouldhavebeenabadmishapandlost2batteriesina240vDCbatterybanksystem!!!!!!!!!!!!!Ifwetakealookattheupperandlowerboundsoftheallowedchargecontrolinputwefindwemayhaveadifferenceofasmuchas30v40vvoltsfrombatterybankfulltobatterybankdrained.Asbeforealineof20x12vbatteriesthatareemptyare20x11.2volts=224v(lowerbounds).

    However,ourDatasheetabovesayseachcellinthe12vbattery(hassixcells)isfullto"ratedAHbatterycapacityfor100%leveltemperature"atapprox.14.4vandshouldbefloatedat2.275vp/cell(13.65v*20=273volts).

    14.4vx20=288voltsmakesaccumulatorbankfullto"ratedAHbatterycapacityfor100%leveltemperature".224voltsisminimum.(*!nearlyequalisingvoltage4.4v!!!!shouldbemorelike"Overcharged(ataround70%80%Capacitymaximumallowedchargeforbanktemperature):18x13.5=243volts"and"Overchargedrecovery:239volts").

    [Hypotheticalbatterydamageemergencysituationserieslinereshuffle]Removingtwobatteriesoneachlinesoeachserieslineofbatterieshasonly18batteries,atfullmakes18x14.4=259.2voltsWhenyouswitchanapplianceon,thebatteryvoltage(chargequantityrelationship)dropsquicklyforamoment"calledsurgeorappliancesurge"thenrisesbackuptoneartheclosedvoltageandslowlydropsdownwithuse.

    Sowhileyoureplacethebatteries,thesystemoverchargesettingcanbe"259volts"andtheoverchargerecoverycanbe"258.5volts"THEORETICALLY.

    DataSheetabove:20xbatteriesseriesline=240v,7.5yearsat20oCelsius,100%AHcapacityenabledat20oCelsiusNormaloperationis,itshouldbefloatedat2.275vp/cell(13.65v*20=273volts).So"overchargesetting"shouldbe288volts."overchargerecovery"shouldbe276volts(13.8vp/battery).Andfloatshouldbe272volts(13.6vp/battery)

    Therefore,abatterywith80%capacityofAH'sat20oCelsius,for15yearslifespanatthattemperature,hasitsoverchargerecoverysetatthevoltagethebatterytestoutputsat80%capacityofitsratedAH's.Whentalkingtothesupplieraboutakitandthecontroller,askifithasautomatictemperaturecompensation,whetherabuiltintemperaturesensororifthefloatandoverchargeshouldbesetmanually.

    Hereisanexampleonly:Takealookatthevaluesfor:FloatingVoltage(V),OverVoltageShutoff(V)OverVoltageRecovery(V)

    [note:Themostsensibleandeffectivesystemisleadacidaccumulatorchemistryconstructionthatcanhandle30oCelsiusratedat10years(whatittakestogetmorethan10yearsat20degrees),expensivecheapversion,simplynotcheap,butmoreworthitspointinAustraliaorequatorialandtropicalenvironments]

    Batteriesshouldbekeptcontinually20oCelsius24hoursaday,7daysaweek,365daysayear!!!Buyandstorearound10xof240vACsupplytype50watt100watttemperaturerangeadjustablefishtankheatersanda10gallonplasticfuelcontainerthatcanbesealedwithsiliconsealant.

    [NOTE:Thisnextparagraphisalmostredundantandbettersizingtacticsandchemistryarenowknown(80x40ahbatteriesfor6yearsmaybebetterasGELorPAMthenbuyanotherforasixyearperiodin51/2yearswhenthefirstarenearoutofservice)]Whenacquiringbatteries"fortheperiodthefirstsetshouldbedesignedtolast7years"(ifnothighqualitysealedleadacid)atleastsoeithermediumorsuperiorleadacidsealedbatteriesshouldbeused.Amediumqualitybatteryhas[average7yearslifespanat25degreesCelsiusand1400dischargesapproximatelyto30%DOD].Inpowersystemsetlifespanthesecondset7yearslatermaybelowqualityoranothermediumquality.Superiorqualityfor9yearsfollowedbylowqualityfor4to5yearsservicelifeisanotherstrategy.Thisiswhythe10yearsat30oCelsiuslifecycletype(highqualitysealedleadacid)isthebestandbasicallyonlychoicetouse,However,understandingits'capacity%ontheLCDscreenreadoutwillappearannoyingatvarioustemperaturesandwhyalittleadjustmentinhowtoencasethebatterieswithanextra400wsmallhybridsystemand100wfishtankheaterinacompletelysealedplastic10gallonfueldrumtoincubatethehousingorroomtheyarekept,theyareoftenaround75%capacitymaximumbecauseoftemperatureforthechemistrywhenbelow25oCelsius(note,thetemperaturecompensationthermometerisoftenpartofthecontrollerandmustbeinthesameenvironmentasthebatteries!!!).

    Batteryhousingandtemperaturecontrol(a)(Acoolingfaninsummerisreasonablyoptionalinthebatteryhousing,however,inwinterheatingisnotoptional.Forthebatteriestomaintainusableandchargeablecapacity,inwintertheymustbeheatedinthebatteryhousing,particularlyhighqualitylonglifecyclebatteries(onlyordinarystandardleadacidtypeaccumulatorsystemisviewedinthisarticlebecauseofcost).Reasonablymuchtoo,forhighqualitylonglifecyclebatteries,theycanhavedoublewalling,butmediumlowqualityofonly10yearslifeat20oCmusthavetriplewalling)Aboutbatteryoperationanddatasheets,apointthatisrequiredistonormalisethetemperatureofbatteriesduringuseandstoragebecausetemperaturehasasevereeffectonlifeofthebattery,itcanbeasshortas4or5yearsifabove20to*"25"degreesCelsius(Somebatteriesarebetterthanothersinthisrespectandtheexampleisasuperiorqualityleadacidsealedbatterycomparedtomostbutdonotleaveittochance"lifecycletotemperature").Yourbatteryhouseshouldhavetwoflywirecoveredholesof15cmx15cmatthetopofthewallonbothendsofthebatteryhousingtoplacea12vfanintooneofthemforsummerheate.g.a50watt(4amps@12v)or100w(8amps@12v)12vfantorunfromthe"loadcircuit(100wor200woutputdependentmodel)"(orusea**"12vDCto240vACinverter"andanormaldomesticroofexhaustfan**note:12vinvertercontrollervoltageisverygoodtheftdeterrentbecauseonlyamaximumof412vdeepcycleaccumulatorscaneverbeputtogether,becauseonlyinparallelandnomorethan2KwoutputpoweroritbecomesdangerousanddamagingtotheaccumulatorsAlsoit'sgoodforrunning100wor200wtropicalfishtankheatersetat2223oCelsiusinasealed10gallonplastictankinthebatterybankhousinginwinter,Inwintercloseofftheairventgapsandlinethewallsandroofwithcardboardasinsulation.Thehighqualitylifecycletemperaturebatteriesmusthaveheatduringwinter,anditwilldolittleagainstthemediumlowqualitywithalifecycleofonly10yearsat20oC)ofasolarhybridlamplightcontrolleror(controllers).Thisyoucanusea100w500whybridwindsolarkitwitha100w400wturbineandasmall20w200wpanelanda12v10ahbattery,usethe"loadoutput"circuitfromthecontrollersettothenumber"alwayson"insummermonthsandformuchofAustraliasettothenumber"ononlyfordaylight"inwintermonths(!mustbehybridsystem).Thetwoholeswillrequiretobeblockedoffifwinterisparticularlycoldasitisinhighlandareas.

    note:Thebatteriesinusearehighertemperature(highqualitylifecycleleadacid)batteries1600cyclesto30%DOD.ANEXAMPLEofaparallel12vsettosetupthechargecontrollerparametersforthebatterybank:Thismeansat20oCelsius"thebatteryisconsideredfullat13.6v"becauseoftemperature.(Calculatedfromdatasheetfor2.5vtypecellforeachofthesixcellsaddedtogether).At20oCelsiusthebattery"capacityinAHislowerinrating"only80%forthetotalnominatedAHratingofmodeltypeofbattery(12v6cellleadacid).Thesewerenominally40AHiwasusingsotheyarenow34AHat20oCelsius.

    TheMeaning................:Shouldhavesetthe"floatvoltagecharge"settingto13.4v"overcharge"settingat:13.7v"overchargerecovery"settingat13.5v

    Batteryhousingandtemperaturecontrol(b)Anothercriticalfactorofbatteryhousingsforthebatteriesistherequirementof"triplewalling(againstinfraredtransferbetweenouterandmidwalls)andatripleroof",anouterwallismadetoblockanydirectsunlightasthesunmovesoverandaroundthehousing.Thisallowsmorecontrolledheatdissipationandblocksthedamagingsummerheat.Theseoutercoversectionsshouldnotbeclosedtoairrainwind(inacontextofaperfectseal,excepttheroofplateofeachbeingwaterproofandtheinneractualhousingbeingwindrainsplashproof),leaveanairgapof10cmeachcorneroroverlaplength(asyoudesignit),andshouldhaveaslittlecontactwiththeinnerwallaspossible"nocontactofanyformifpossibleinitsconstruction"(preventconductanceofheatbetweentheinnerandouterwallsandallowairflowtotakeawayheat).Eachwallsetshouldbearoundonefoot(12inches)apartfromeachface(aboxwithinamidboxwithinanouterboxprincipal).

    ***Note:(Correctwire)Afeatureofaboveisa"smallpower"400wor300wwindturbine,theseturbinesareoftenthoughtbymanyDIYandpeoplewhomneedsomesmallelectricitysupplytobefaulty.However,thefaultliesintheinstallerscomprehensionwithatechnicalproblemofwiring.CopperwireintheUSAhasastandardcalled#AWGrelatedtotheamperagethewirecancarrysafely,However,itsnotquitetheproblemhere!Theproblemistheactualresistanceofthewireagainstcurrentoverlongdistances.Giventheaboveturbinesareusually12volt(someare24vothers48v)normalautomotivewirecanbeboughtcheapbutnoteffective.Sosomeonethinkstoputtheturbineup10meters,away40metersfromthehousewheretherearenotreesbutdoesnotrealise8mm2wireoratleast90amp12vwirewouldberequiredasminimumto30meters.After20metersitshouldbe8mm2copperandlargeragaintocarrychargewithlowresistanceafter50meters.Whathappenedisthe400wturbineisonlyproducing100wbecauseofnormalwindbutwhenitgetstothecontrollerthereisonly10wleftfromthetravelbecauseofresistance.Thethickerthewireandstrandsthelesstheresistance.6mm2istheusualsizeto20meters.

    ***Note:Rechargeablemulticellaccumulatorcellscurrentdirectionoperatesbybiasofthethroughputfromchargingandbatteryengineeringphysicsprincipally,henceusingsix12voltbatteriesinparallelisapurerecipefordisasterbecauseasmanycellsareavailableinbiasedpowerpressureacross(aweirdbutnominallyelectricallycorrectshortcircuit)astherearealong(6seriescellsx6lineend(terminal)cells),notupthenegativewireandonaroundthroughthecircuitloop.Theremustbelessparallellinesnumberofendcellsthantheserieslinehascells.Thereisnotmuchworryofthatbecauseeachlineevenina120vDCratedsystemiseffectively60cellsofbiasandat12lines(12endcells)of"10x12vaccumulatorsinseries"that's60against12(or120against12inalike240vDCsystem)forapropercircuitthroughputdirection.Eventhen,allthatmainlyoccursistheveryactionofhowchargingbatteriesoccursifonelineisalittleweak,itwillfillthatuntilitbalancestothesamevoltagepressure,soineffectnothingisexactlywrong.

    (Ensuringbatteryservicelife)Settingthe"DumpLoad"onthechargecontrollerandBatteryLifeCycletotemperatureand"CAorC"capacity

    [note:RememberanInverterisadevicefortakingDCbatterybankandconvertingittoACpowersupplyvoltagee.g.240vac,so120vor240vbatterybankisDCandtheinverteroutputsyourpowersupplyatthevoltageyouspecifiedtothesupplieratordertime]

    Thisisverytrickytoexplain.Butyouwillneedtounderstandaccumulator/batteryDataSheetsandtheirgraphsalittle

    First,a"dumpload"isaresistorthechargecontrollerusestothrowawayexcessproducedelectricitywhenthebatterybankisfullorwhenthewindturbineisoverproducinginheavywind,orwhenappliancesarenotbeingusedsufficientlytodrawproducedcharge(forlackofbetterexpressionandsimplicity).

    Therearetwofeaturesofthebatterybanksupplyforchargingtoconsiderfromadatasheetoftheaccumulatoryoubuyandusetosetthedumploadonthechargecontrollerforlongservicelife.

    1.TherangeofDCbatterybankvoltagetheinverterisallowedtousee.g.a120vdc"rated"inverterwillbeallowedsomethinglikelowerend110volts(1.83voltspercell=11voltsperbattery)toupperbounds150volts(2.5voltspercell=15voltsperbattery)

    Thereasonforthisisbecausewhena12vdeepcyclebatteryisfullychargeditmeasuresnear15voltswhenfull.Whennearemptyitmeasures10voltsorlessdependingtemperatureandbatteryengineeringparametersofelectrolytetypeandplateconductordesign.

    2.The"maximumcapacityofthebatteryataparticulartemperature"tomatchwhentosetthedumpload(ifsuchasettingiseverspecificallysuppliedforprogrammingusuallypresetinsideforturbinesystems)asasyntheticsettingvaluetocommitdumpingrelatingthetemperature.Onthedatasheetcanbefoundanumberofgraphssomecontainingalinethroughthegraphandanumberandeithertheletter"C"or"CA"withthenumber.Thatnumberonagraphplotlineisa"decimalfraction"ofthe"C""C"hargecurrentavailableorinanothergraph"CA"the"CA"pacityatthattemperature.

    Soyouwouldforanyqualityaccumulatorbankcalculatethevoltagethebankproducesdownoneseriesline(e.g.10batteriesina120vsystem)forthesettingtemperaturetovoltageregardingmainlyonlythequalityofthebatteries.

    Thismeansyouwouldusetheproducedvoltagelevelat25degreesCelsiusforgoodqualitybatteriestonotexceedandthevoltage20degreesforthelowqualitybatteries.Soyourbankneverchargesbeyondthatvoltage.

    Thismeansyourbatterieswilllastlongerbecausetheyarenotdeterioratedbyoverchargingorchargeoverloading.Effectivelyonthenumberofcyclesbyratingatanypercentageatleastitremainsasmuchleadasyoudeteriorateawaybynormalusage.

    (PDF)HighQualityservicelifeTheaccumulatorisrated10yearsat30oCelsius(HighQuality)***Thesespecificationsaretheonestousebecausetheyneednocoolingandpotentiallycanlast12years,andonlyrequiredoublewallingontheirencasingduringsummer.

    (PDF)MediumQualityservicelifeTheaccumulatorisrated10yearsat20oCelsius(mediumquality14001600dischargesto30%DOD)**ThisisOKbutrequirestriplewallingagainstdirectsunlightinsummer.

    (PDF)MediumQualityservicelifeTheaccumulatorisrated10yearsat20oCelsius(alowendmediumquality)**ThisisOKbutrequirestriplewallingagainstdirectsunlightinsummer.

    (PDF)LowQualityservicelifeTheaccumulatorisrated8yearsat20oCelsius(lowquality)*Youwouldusethistypeifyouweremakingasmalldeepcycledsystemthatwasmoderateindailydischargee.g.to40%DODor50%DOD"roughly",meaningyouunderstandtheirlifecyclewillbehowmuchyouuse.

    Afinalnoteaboutbatterybankshedsandbuildings,thetemperaturesensorforcharginglevelcompensationrequiresthecontrollers(s)tobeintheshedwiththebatteriessomuchofthewallingsystemcandependonthesideofyourhouseyoubuildtheshedonto,buttwothingtoremember,1.alineofbatteriesinseriescanweigh150Kgfor120vor96vseriesstring.2.Thesideofthehouseyoubuildtheshedontodependingthedirectionyourhousefacesandwherethegeneratorwiresneedtoruntodetermineexactlywhichwallsgetdirect(andinrarecircumstancesuchasbrightwallsandwhiteconcretereflectedlightinclusiveclosewallsaccrossreturninginfrared)sunlight,andwhichwallstodoubleortriplewall.Ifyoucan,cutaholeinthewallinthesideofyourhousetowindowpanethecontrollersbehindsotheconsolesareusabletoviewforpoweroutput(note:someofthesecontrollerscanbeprefittedwithacomputerUSBconnectorinfodumptoPCandPCsoftware,howfarittransmitsproperlyonwiresidonotknow).

    Theproblemwithoffgridpower

    Ifthesizeoftheoffgridpowersystemisenough,NOTHINGisaproblemexceptcostofacquiringandinstallingsuchasystem.

    Somedifficulties:

    1.Largeenoughpoweryieldpanelsettoharvestdirectpowerthroughthechargecontrollerisatleast5Kwofpanels,7Kwratingofpanelspreferred.2.UnderstandingsolarpanelsthemselveshavevariedyieldofKwrelatingtotemperature(notlighting),e.g.over35degreesCelsiuspanelelectricityproductiondecreasesuntil75oCandisonly80%efficient,becauseofthesizeofhotwaterservicesandstoveovensatleast5Kwofpanelsminimumandhighendusageofwashingandcookinginsummershouldbebetween8am10amand4pm6pm.Examplemanufacturergraphinformation:a.(PDF)SolarPanelresearchPakistanb.Sanyo210wsolarpanelwithpowerefficiencygraphinformationandat75oC

    3.smallwindturbinesarenotfavorablebelow5Kwbecausewindspeedisoftenonlyhalftheproductionspeedratingoftheturbineatbestuntilwindyweather.e.g.a10Kwwindturbinewillgenerallyonlybeproducing1.5kwto2kwmostofthetime.

    4.windcurrentsflowfastermetershighertheairstreamsaltitudesaboveground(from10metersandbelowthereistoomuchslowingturbulencefromtreesandgroundlayerairmovement),placethewindturbinehigherforgreaterefficiency.e.g.at6meterspoleheight3m/s,at10meterspoleheight5m/s,at15meterspoleheight6.5m/s.Thetoweronanoffgridshouldalwaysbeatleast15metershigh(thisisjustapointaboutthepercentile(statisticsmeasuredpoints)layersofwindp/meter,lowwindareasshouldreallyusealarge8kwor10kwwindturbinegenerator).5.Generallythereismorewindinsummerthanwinterandthereareonly4hoursofgoodproductivelightforpanelsduringwinter.Thismeansthesystemmustbehybridandrequiresatleast5Kwofpanelsand5Kwofwindturbinegenerator.6.ThebatteriesrequiretobeallexactsamemodelandagewithanaverageDODratingto30%ofaround14001600dischargecyclesofuse.7.Thebatterieswillbeatransportloadofaround23tonne.8.Theoffgridkitwillbearound1tonneweight,anda10Kwwindturbineweighs300Kg,a5Kwturbineweighs130Kg(approximateestimateonly).*9.*Thebiggestproblemishowtosafelymount30orso1mx1.7mpanelsagainstgaleforcewindorlargelivestock(2.5metersaboveground)andspaceforthearrays,Asmuchhowtoraise600Kgofwindturbineandtowertoverticalandseatitsolidly.

    Anoteaboutinverters(balancingdutyload)

    Oneparticularproblemisinverteroutputsize.Atleast10Kwbutthatrequiresbeingextremelycarefultonotoverloaditduringcookingorhotwaterusewhileotherappliancesareinuse.The15Kwinverterisonlyhalfthesizeofanormaldomestichouseinverter"foundonanetworkelectricitypole(30Kw)".Whileyoucanputtwo"offgridinverters"ontothesamebatterybank,undernocircumstanceeverplacethemonthesamecircuitfortheiroutput.Thisisbecauseoffgridinvertersproducethepowerfromthesamesourceandparticularlytheresonanceofthe50Hzsystemswillnotbeatinphase.Thislastpointisregardlessoftransformertypesortransformerlessinverters,theybothneedproperpoweroutputqualityofresonanceoccurringinphase.

    Whatshouldbedoneishave(acquireinthedeal)twoinvertersandputtwoinverters(pairof:10kw'sor8kw'sor5kw's)on"twoseparatedifferentACoutputcircuitwiringsets"e.g.Hotwater,washingmachineanditsroomandairconditioneronone,theotherinverterwiththestovehotplatesandoven,fridgesotherroomse.t.c..

    ADVANTAGE:

    Thecostofelectricityisalwaysrisingbutbecausethislevelofsystem(15kW)canSAFELYcopewiththedayswhenlittlewindorlittlesunlightoccurs(althougha10Kw5Kwsolarplus5KwwindwillbeOKifyouarepreparedtobecarefulofconsumptiononthefewto2weeksworthoffaysinayearthatcouldoccur),itwillproduceenoughelectricityforoveruseongooddaysallowingextrashowering,cleaningandotheractivitiesduringsunnyweatherto5Kw/husage,or3kwusageinwindyweather.Waterheatingnolongerhasacarbonfootprintforwashingmachines,airconditionerswillnolongerbepayingpremiumondaysover40degreesCelsius.Morethanthis,winteriscoldand2Kwofbarelementheaterscanbeusedwithnocarbonfootprint.Becauseofthemuchhighersizeofgeneratorcapacitytodirectlyuseelectricityduringbatterychargingthebatterieswilldischargemuchlessandallowalongerlifeofmaybe10years.In10yearsyouwillhaveusedtwicetheelectricityyouwouldwithmainspower.*ThisisallbecauseonthefewdaysayearwhenthesundoesnotshineandthewinddoesnotblowthesystemMUSTKEEPTHEBATTERIESATORABOVE10percentdischarge(DOD)[90%full]orthebatterieswilldeterioratetoofastafter.

    [(NOTE:Thefollowingparagraphisalmostredundantinherefromnewerresearchandwaswrittenasoneoftheearliestdrafts)WhiletheaverageAustralianHouseiscertainlycapableofdrawing15Kwallattheonetime,"gridmimic"operationcannotbedonewithouthavingatleasttwo8Kwortwo10Kwinvertersastwodifferentappliancesupplycircuitsystems]5Kwsystemsof3000wwindand2000wsolarwith"two5Kwoutputinverter"havethepointusuallyonlyofpricebutaregoodfor"mediumtohighwindareaslikemountainregionswithhousesattopsofhillsandfrom20Kminlandtothecoastline"(thiscanbea10Kwwindonlysystemifitisahighwindaverageareaatthetopofamountainorhill)andmoreavailablein120vbatterybankspecificationbywhichmeansbatteryquantityboughtcanbe80batteriesof80ahorlarger"ah"batteries.10Kwinvertersonlyhavetheproblemtonothaveusedthehotwatersystembeforeusingtheovenandhotplatesforcooking(YoucannotloadanormalAustralianhouseusingonlyoneinverter!!!).Whenthatlevelofcookingoccursthecurrentdrawwillonlyallowanairconditionerortelevisionandradioandverysmallappliancestooperatewhilethatisoccurringbecausetheinvertercircuitbreakerwillswitchofftheinverterifitgetsoverloaded.It'sjustalittleeasytodowitha10Kwinverterwhenhotwaterorawashingmachineandrefrigeratorsareinoperation.Technicallyonlytheovenandtwohotplateplacesonthestoveareusablebecauseofrefrigeratorandfreezer.

    WhatdoesitrequiretooperateanAustralianhouseandwithasolarwindhybridoffgridsystem?

    Generallyitrequires:

    1.15Kw240vac50Hzpowerinverteroreither3phaseorpuresinewavetypeandforappropriatespecifiedbatterybankvoltage2.100piecesx(12v80ahdeepcyclebatteries"SEALEDNOMAINTENANCEVRLA/SLAorAGM")in5parallelstringsof20for240vdc(voltsDC)or50150ahdeepcyclebatteriesin5parallelstringsof10at120vdc(voltsDC).3.Awindturbinegeneratorofatleast5kw"ratedpower"preferred8Kwor10Kwratedwindturbinegeneratorofappropriatevoltageandcurrentoutputratingforthecontrolercharger.4.minimum5kwofsolarpanels(at250wp/panelmakes20panelsarea)but7Kwpreferred5.Aspecialchargecontrollerforhybridsystemofmatchingbatterybankvoltageandmatchingboththepanelsandwindturbinevoltages6.appropriatecorrectspecificationwiring(abletotaketheKwlevelfromthepartsandtransferitfromtheparts)7.Extrastructurestomountpanels,housebatteriessafefromfloodandweather,andmounttheturbine.

    DonotconfuseKiloWatt(Kw)withKiloWatthours(Kw/h)example:1kw/hisequalto"500wbeingusedfor2hours".

    Itrequiresa"15KiloWattpowerinverter"foralmostnormaluseasminimumcomparedtothenetworkmainselectricity(30Kwpowerinverteronyourstreetpole),butsmallercarefullymanagedactivitiescanusea"10KiloWattpowerinverter"butwillexperiencedifficultywithhighcurrentdrawactivitieswhenmanyappliancesareinuse,suchashotwater,airconditioningandcookingwithhottopsandovenorgrillelementgrate.Thereasonisthatanyappliancebutparticularlyappliancesusinganelectricmotorsrequire5xto10xthecurrentatnormaloperatinglevelforashortperiodof310secondswhenstartinge.g.a300wfridgewhenstartingdraws3000wforasecondortwoandasthemotorspeedscurrentdrawdecreasesdownto300w.Themostdeviousofmachinesinthehouseisthewashingmachine,thisisbecauseitcommitsanactionofagitationrequiringsomesurgepowerevery12secondscausingsuddendrawsoittendstouseat5timesitsratinganddraws10timesitspowerunderloadatstartup.

    Atypicalexampleofrequiredcurrent(nonsurgelevel).

    Thebelowtablenow(updatedandchanged)hasan*asterisksymboltoindicatehowuntruecurrentsurgeandusagevalueisoftenshownonothersitesinformation.Thehighestvalueistheminimumconstantpowersupplysizeofinvertershouldbeused.Thebelownexttablehasrecentlybeenadjustedbecauseofmeasuringsomevaluesandfindingthemnotmentionedproperlyinclusivethesitethistablehadoriginated(http://energy.gov/energysaver/articles/estimatingapplianceandhomeelectronicenergyuse)from.

    Somelinksrelatinghotwatersystemsshowing"Kw"heaterelementsizesformodels.

    (PDF)Duxhotwatersystems[Inacrobatpdfapp.presscntrl+Fkeysandtype"Kw"inthesearch]

    (PDF)Rheemhotwatersystems[Inacrobatpdfapp.presscntrl+Fkeysandtype"Kw"inthesearch]

    (PDF)WiringManualofhotwatersystems

    NOTE:Airconditioner"Kw"KiloWattsrefersto"heatenergyremovalcoolingability",NOTelectricalinputalthoughbothcanbetogetherlabelledinadocumentonthesubject!

    (PDF)AirConditioningpowerconsumptionresearchinformation(alsoWELSWaterEfficiencyLabellingandStandards)

    (PDF)AirConditioningandheatingtypes,powerconsumptionresearchinformation(alsoWELSe.t.c.)

    "vaguely"averagerequiredcurrent(nosurge)

    Airconditioner 3000w

    4stovehotplates/placesonhigh 8000w

    ovenelement 15002500w

    grillelement 10002000w

    refrigerator 100700w

    freezer 100700w

    Domestichotwatersystem 1.5Kw3.6Kw

    lighting 500w1000w

    desktop(large)computerandperipherals 1000w1500w

    stereorecordplayerradio 1000w

    digitaltelevision 200w500w

    electricfrypan 2000w

    32LtMicrowave *4000wpeaking

    airexhaustfan 300w

    washingmachine *4000wpeaking

    Clothesdryerorbarheater 1500w

    ImportationdealsandHowtotalktothesupplier

    First,Youshouldalwaysbuyunder"CIF"tradepaymentterms(actualmoneytransferisbestdonebyyourbanktotheirbankinternationalT/T).NOTE:ItisseriouslyadvisiabletohaveAUD2000moreintheaccountper10,000ofcost(andmuch"alikeratioofextra"intinyonlineinternationaltransfers/paymentsonexpresssitese.g.ebay)

    CIFmeans"CostInsuranceFreight",However"freight"onlymeansinthisinstancetoSydneyportormaybeBrisbaneorDarwinwhereACBPStakeoverfromshipunloading.TheonlyothertousehereinDIYimportis"EXW"whichmeans"EXWorks"whichisnotquiteasdescribedinthisinstanceduetonationalboundarydifficulties.EXWcanbelikenedtoCIFwithouttheinsurance.

    Thereisacommonmethodofimportthebiggunsusewhichiscalled"FOB",FOBmeans"freeonboard"whichasyouwouldexpectofjargoncanbearlittlerelationtowhatthewordsare.FOBmeanstheproductisyoursandyourresponsibilitywhentheproductisloadedontoyourtruckandleavesthedoorsofthefactory/warehouseproperty.Notransportorinsuranceisinvolvedinitsprice.FOBisalsousedasapickpackingfeenotationofgettingreadyanorder.

    Talkingtothesupplier(actually"emailonly"isbestforlanguagereasons)

    ThesuppliersalespeopleobviouslydonothaveperfectEnglishlanguageskills,butgoodenoughifyourephraseanythingtheydidnotunderstand.Neitheraretheythereforachatand.."howstheweather"...AllyouneeddoisuseconciseplainEnglishandtheEN_usspellcheckerinWordorOpenOfficetocreateaclearsimplemessageyouwishsomepricingandinformationbrochuresoftheirproduct,thenplacethemessageintothe"tradesite"supplierrequestformonitsadvertisingpage(asordinarytextpastedin).

    Hereisanexampleofamessagetoinitiateinformationrelatingaccumulatorproducts.However,firstyouwouldfindtheproductonasitesuchasigainedmostofthisinformation,alibaba.comandalsosignupintotheirmessagingcommunicationrepositorysystemwithyouremailaddresstouseitasaprincipalmethodofcommunicationmessagingalongwithmessagecopiestoyouremailaddress(Yesyoudogetsomebasicadvertisingmailfromthembutitcouldperhapsinterestyou,yournottalkingnicnaceconomicsanyhowsojustignoreitordeleteitifitdoesnotinterestyou,acceptingitispoliterforbothofyou).Ifyoucannotreadtheinformationinadvertisementsproperly(therearemanylanguagetypos)ontheirsiteoritdoesnotgiveclearinformationorisnotaverifiedsupplier,ignoretheadvertisement,donotbotherwithaskingthroughthatadvertisementatleast,simplyfindsomeotheradvertisementsorsuppliergivingtherequiredinformation.

    Dearsir/madam

    Doyouhave12volt40ah65ah80ahdeepcycleaccumulatorswiththeserequirementspecifications

    atleast1400dischargesto30percentDODminimum10yearslifecyclespanusageat30degreesCelsius

    (orminimum10yearsat25degreesCelsius)

    andwhatwouldbetheCIF80piecesquotebeforeachtypeifyoudohavethemwiththespecifications.

    Thankyou.

    HereisanexampleforawindHybridsystemtoinitiateinformation.Thefirstlineisactuallypartoftheirtradesitepageform(..."WhatistheFOBpriceonyourWindSolarHybridpowersystem,Cheap20KWwindsolarpower,Homewindandsolarhybridsystem."...),NOTE:Innumbersrefertoaheadingonthetradesitepageofthetypeof"UNIT"quantityinuseforthatproducte.g."pieces"or"sets"!

    WhatistheFOBpriceonyourWindSolarHybridpowersystem,Cheap20KWwindsolarpower,Homewindandsolarhybridsystem.

    andWhatwouldbeasingleorder(1set)priceofthe15kw120v3phaseHybridpowersystem(ItsMOQis2notone)?

    TheseaportwouldbeeitherSydneyorMelbourneAustralia.

    Thankyou,waitingforreply.

    Justrememberitsnotapointifthereisalittleextrainformationorthesentencestheyusecouldbeconstructedbetter,itdoesinessencedothejobrequiredincontextoftheproductanddon'tasktoomanyquestionsatonceperemail.Itcanbeadayortwobeforeareplybecausetheyprocessrequestsallovertheworld.Sothereisnoneedforthis.

    Whenyouplaceyourorder,youwilloftenbechargedaFOBpickpackingfeeandwillrequireoftentopay30%oftotalcostupfrontbeforethepickpackingoccurs(ThesupplierwillsendyoutheT/Tbankinginformationinwhichaccounttosendmoney).Whentheorderisready,theywillthennotifyyoutopaytheremaining70%andanyothercharges.

    Whenpaying,takenoteofthemethodsatthetopoftheadvertisingpagetheyhaveinthe"tradesites"forthe"methodofpayment".SomeuseWesternUnion,T/TorL/C.However,themostsensiblemethodisT/Tfromyourbank.

    ImportedItemssizeandweightandpackingmethod

    BothyourselfandACBPScustomsneedstoknowthetypeofpackingandweightseachpieceofcargowillbe(bothNetandGrossweights).Thisyoumayneedtopromptthesuppliertotellyouwhenyoufinaliseyourorderwiththembeforeanypayment.Rememberyoucanonlyuseseafreightbecauseofcostandthecargoloadbeingextremelyheavy.Thepackagingsizeandsizeunitsandalsoweightandweightunitsforeachpiecewhetheraccumulatorsonapalletora350KgwindturbineonaspecialcustompalletinawoodencartonortheguywiretoweronapalletinvariouscartonsallneedtobeaccountedforrecognitionandhandlingbyACBPScustomsandforyoutochecksumandhandlewhenyouobtainitfromthecustomswarehouse.

    Asimportantly,allthatinformationwillberequiredtobefilledintothe"N10importdeclarationform"forcustomsintheICSelectronicCargosupportsystem.

    Moneyandpayment"PersonalImport(CCIDnoABN)"

    Generally,youcanuseamajorbankandTT(TelegraphicTransfer)butthereareminordifferencestotheexchangerateyouseeonthemediaandstockexchangefinancialreportingbytypesoftransfer.Whenplacinganorder,sometimesFOBfeeisrequiredwiththe30%oftotalgoodsvalueispaidbeforepackingtheorder(usuallyonlythe30%prepaidbeforepackinganorder),whenthatisdoneandready,theother70%isaskedforandthegoodssentwhenthatlast70%ispayedintothesuppliersaccount.*note:PricingoncommercialexporttradesitesofChinaPRCareusuallyexpressedasUSDforeasiercomprehensionofcost.AcquiringrequiresaknowledgeofAUDtoUSDcurrencyexchangerates,internationalbankingmethodssuchasT/TTeleTransfer,bulkbuyingdealsandpackingfeesF.O.B.fees,CIF(CostInsuranceFreighttoseaportonlynote:ChinaonlyshipstoBrisbaneorSydneyportsnoothers),portdockhandlingchargeswithdockspacerentcharges,and,GSTtax(11%),customstariff(5%totalvalue),CCIDCustomsCustomerIDentitynumberorABN.Transportationandpickupchargesfromfreightcompanies(Youshoulduseanappropriatesizetruckto4.5tonneGVM,andliftequipmentwithyourownclassCdriverslicensenotatransportcompany)andhandlingchargesoftypessuchas"lifttruckrequired"atbothends.

    Installing

    Requiredspacefora15Kwhybridsystemis10metersx20metersgroundarea(morelike20Mx20Mbutwith1.5tonnecableratingeachguidecableandsetat10mheightonthetowerneckwouldbeOKfor10x20),however,solarpanelsrequirelocating2metersabovegroundatleasttopreventlargelivestockdamagingthem,ontheflipsideofthisthe15kwkits30panelsrequire3lines10meterslongfourmetersaparteach.Apartaholeforeachtrellisleg1meterdeeptocementtheleginto,Thisrequires3.0mmx40mmx40mmSHSsquaresteelsectionsofsixlegs("3x(3meter)front"and"3x(4.5meter(approx))back"and"2x(3meter)2.0mmx20mmx20mmSHSfrontsub"and"2x(4.5meter(approx.))2.0mmx20mmx20mmSHSrearsub")eachtenmeterlineofpanelmounts,and4subsupportlegsbetweenp/10meterline.

    Thelegsshouldbeplacedinaholedugwithapostdigger1meterdeepandtheholefilledwithconcrete(withtheuprightleginitbeforepouringinthecement)toholddownthesailstructure.Toensureitholdsinthecement,drillaholeatthebottomofeachlegandplaceaboltthroughitprotrudinganincheithersidetoactasananchorinthecement.

    Therestismainlyangleasarimandsomearchsupportfromlegstorimmidpoints.Afinalnoteaboutthepanelrowtables,thepanelsdorequirebackingstrutsweldedinaspartoftherimacrossfromtoprimtobottomrim,thesearetopreventpanelcompressioningaleforcewinds,alledgesofeachpanelmustbefasteneddowntopreventwindcompressiontorsion.

    Theguywiretowerswiresrequire5metersatminimumradiuspointsfromthecenterofthetowerand1.5tonnecableSWL/WLL.LiftingthetowermayaswellbeancientEgyptiantricksbutdon'tforgetbeforeitbecomesverticalitcancontinuetotraveldowntheothersideoftheliftpathpastvertical.Second,don'tletitswayfromsidetosideorthebasewhereitispivotingwillslipoutanddowngoes5000ofwindturbine.A5kwor10kwwindturbineandtowerweighneartoorjustover1tonne,NEVERtrytouseawalltosupportsuchatower,itwillsimplyteardownthewholewall.note:LengthsofKwratedelectricalwiring(forbotheitherwindorsolar)aregenerallyofferedinsomelengthsorcustomlengthswiththesekitsastakeorleave,sothereisnothinglikethecorrectwireforthejob.

    Toeconomicallydoallthis,learntoweld(AdultlearningcenterorTAFEbasichandymancourseforwelding)witheitheraMIGorArcstickelectricwelder,Arcstickelectricwelderisthebetterbecauseoftheanglesyouwillneedtogetatthejointsonthepanelsupportframetableyoubuild,Generallyacheap"arcstickwelder"uptoaround130amps"and"an8Kvageneratorwith240vAC15ampoutletcostsaround700800forboth,althougha130ampgaslessMIGweldingmachinecanrunwitha5Kvageneratoror4kvageneratorandorfroma10amp240vsocketatapprox600forboth.Youshouldnotrequirebeyonda3.25mmelectrodewithsome2.5mmelectrodesformildsteel.note:TheselinkstoequipmentsalesandsuppliesareheretohelpshowexactlythepiecesandproblemsolutionsoflogisticsofDIYGaslessMIGwelderebay.com.au4KvaportablegeneratorWireless4000LBS/1814kg12VBoatATV4WDElectricWinchAU99.90(postageAU34.90StandardPostage)

    ImportantInstallnotes:

    *neverraisethewindturbineorspinituntilitisconnectedtoitscontrollerandthecontrollerisboth"on"and"connectedtothebatterybank"ready.Spinningitwithoutconnectioncancauseinternalarcinganddestroytheturbinegenerator.

    *neveruseanyelectricwelderonframesandpiecesofmetalconnectedtoorwithcloseproximateortouchingupontheshieldingofsensitiveelectriccomponentsortouchinganyelectricaldevicewithearthingwiresconnectedtotheweldedmaterial.Thiswillorcaneasilycausedamagetocircuitryoftheotherelectricalequipment.

    *DonotconnectPVarraysorturbinetothecontrolleruntilthecontrollerisconnectedtothebatterybankandready,ANDthedumpload(goodreasonforcompletekitsystemstoo)resistorsystemisconnected.

    *Largeinvertersdonothavepowersockets,neitheraretheterminalsforthe240vACcircuitoutput"hotwire"typeasfromaninvertertransformerelectricitygridsystem,currentgenuinelyalwaysflowsonesidethenbacktheotherwayincyclepairs.

    *Itisagoodideatoincorporateafuseboxforeachcircuit.Somesuchasthehotwaterheatercircuitmayneeda20Afusewire.

    *Whenconnectingtheairconditionercircuitifitsaroofevaporativetype,itmaybea240vDCcircuitandtheconnectionshouldhappenfromoneterminalbehinditsdiodeboxifDCtype.Theamperagerequirementsforthemodelforafuseneedtobedetermined.

    *Whenplacingthewindturbineontopofthemountingarea,(regardlesswhethermountingitonthe3meterguytowertubetopsectionoranythingelseanyotherway)blockthegapsbetweenthewiresthatleavetheturbinebase,andalwayscutathinrubbergasketandusesomesealanttopreventwaterenteringthebaseoftheturbine.Asmuchawindydayandraincanatomisewaterparticlesanditcanblowinamicroscopicmistupmanymetersoftubetotheturbineelectricwiringoutletinitsbasecausingcorrosionandpossiblyarcingorshortcircuit.Alwayscarefullysealthoseareasandgapsorjointsassafepracticeoryoucouldloseapproximately4000worthofturbine(a5Kw)justfromthat.

    *Ithappenstobeagoodidea(economically)togetthekitsbelowthatarewitha12m(ortallerifoffered)guywiretowerbecauseofcostofbuildingafreestandtoweranditsrequirements.Afreestandtowerasmuchforanoffgridsystemshouldbeaminimumof12metershightositabovetreetopaircurrentturbulence(andsitinthehighermeteorologicalmeasuredpercentilelayerofwind).

    *Ifyoubuildafreestandtoweralwaysrememberthattosafelyholditupabasicextraof1/5thofitstotallengthmustbeundergroundencapsulatedincement(example:a12metertowerisnowineffect1440cmor14.4meterslongwith2metersand40cmofitundergroundencapsulatedbycement(atleast1meterdiametercementeachlegorifsinglepole1.5meterradius).1/5thextraisaddedlengthwhethera20Kwturbineora300wturbinesystem)whetherasolidpipebaseor3(tripod)or4legsofanEiffeltype.Anyfreestandtowerbasejoiner"mustsupport"atleastaround1tonneofmildsteeltowerflexing(extremelyminimal)inagaleforcewind.

    *Anotherpartofconcretingthetowerbaselegsistheholeforeachinsertionmustbeatleast1footdeeperthanthetowerbaselengthwithareadysolidbottomcement.Thelegsofthetowerrequiretobekeptfromcontactwithearthtolowerthepossibilityofalighteningstrike.Donotputalightningpolewithin80metersofthetower.Toalsoassistlightningstrikeprevention,paintthebaremetalofthetowerwithanoutdoorhightemperatureplastictypepaint.

    *Alwaysobtaintheguywiretoweranditspartswiththekit,it'sthecheapestinclusivehavingtotransportit.Thekitwillrequireyoutohireatleasta2tonnevanwithhydraulictaillift.Askthekitsupplieriftheguycablesarepartoftheequipmentandifanyotherpiecessuchasthecentralanduppercablepoleclampsareinclusive(Neverpresume).

    *Ifyourequiretogetandputinyourownanchorpinsfortheguycables(stabilizercables).Thegroundpinsshouldallgo1.5metersdownandbeatleastencasedincement1footdiameter(encasingisalsotopreventelectricalearthing).Suchapinonlyneedbeprotrudingnomorethan30cm(1.8mlongtotal)abovegroundandbeofextraheavygalvanizedtube(e.g.8mmwall)setinthecenterofthecement.

    *guycables(stabilizercables)maybeinaformatofsetof6or8(3fromthetopand3fromthemiddle,or,4fromthetopand4fromthemiddle).

    *Youwillpotentiallyneedalittlehelpfromahiredtransportablemobilecraneifyoudonotunderstandtheengineeringandsafety(particularlydelicatevaluableloads)of"slinging"liftingactions.("LF"forkliftlicenseworkcoverNSWtheorybookletscanhelp,ifyoucomprehendtheengineeringreasonsin"jibs"andfork"loadcenterdistancewithheight"slingingshouldnotbeaproblemtoyoutodevisesomeancientEgyptianmethod).

    Ifthatdoesnotinspireyoutocheckfirstanddothingscorrectly(thinkitthroughcarefullyfirstandcheckitisright,"don'tevertry"something),maybethiswill....

    Guywiringthetower=====================

    Twothingsyouneedtoknowaboutsettingpositionofthefasteningpegsfortheguywires.1.Thelengththeguywiresshouldbe.2.Theexactaccuratepositioninthelayoutthepegsshouldbeplaced.Todothisyouwillneedtounderstandalittlesimplemathsof...1.Rightangletriangles.2.Equalateraltriangles.Butnotmuchifyoureallydon'twantbecausethereisundefinedextr


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