Division of Energy Engineering

Applied Physics and Mechanical Engineering

Vision

Our research and education combine science with industrialexperience and practice. Our world-class engineers andresearch results create a sustainable future.

”Vår forskning och utbildning förenar vetenskap med industriellerfarenhet och praktik. Våra världsledande ingenjörer ochforskningsresultat formar en hållbar framtid”.

Staff members Senior researchers (11+4)• Jan Dahl, Associate Prof., Senior Lecturer • Erik Elfgren, Dr, Post Doc• Rikard Gebart, Adj. Prof. (ETC)• Carl-Erik Grip, Guest Prof. • Roger Hermansson, Dr, Senior Lecturer • Xiaoyan Ji, Dr, Assistant Prof.• Yuanhui Ji , Dr, Post Doc• Björn Kjellström, Prof. em• Bo Lindblom, Adj. Prof (LKAB) (Ht 2010)• Joakim Lundgren, Dr, Senior Lecturer• Lars Westerlund, Dr, Senior Lecturer• Henrik Wiinikka, Adj lecturer (ETC) (Ht 2010)• Marcus Öhman, Prof., Chair/head• NN, Assistant Prof, Bio4Energy 2011• NN, Prof/Senior Lecturer, Bio4Energy 2011

PhD Students (13+11)• Jim Andersson• Björn Asp (Ext)• Jan-Olof Andersson• Per Carlsson (Ext.)• Lara Carvalho (Ext.)• Nicholas Etherden (Ext, Ske)• Carl Gilbe (Ext.)• Alejandro Grimm• Burak Göktepe• Carrie Jonsson• Anders Larsson (Ske)• Daniel Nordgren (Ext.)• Samuel Nordgren

• Ida-linn Nyström• Esbjörn Pettersson • Martin Lundmark (Ext,Ske)• Mikael Risberg• Christer Ryman (Ext.)• Sara Rönnberg (Ske)• Johan Sandberg• Martin Stenberg (Ext)• Kai Yang (Ske)• Rut Wang (Ext.)• Fredrik Wieland (Ext.)

Competence and research areas

Thermo Chemical ConversionProcesses

Process simulation/Integration

& System Analysis

Fuel Characterization

Gasification

Combustion

Heat &Power Processes

Regional EnergyAnalysis

ProcessSimulations

Energy ApparatusDesign

ProcessIntegration

CO2 separation/capture & storage

Electrical Power Engineering

e.g. Wind power research

Education programs

• MSc program in Sustainable Energy Technology (300 p) Started in 2009 !– Main topics: Bioenergy, Wind- and Hydropower, Energy efficiency

• Master program in Sustainable Energy Engineering (120 p)– Main topics: Bioenergy and Hydropower

• MSc program in Mechanical Engineering (300 p)– with a major in Energy Engineering (main topics Bioenergy and Hydropower)

Courses 2010

• Thermodynamics and Heat Transfer • Indoor Climate• Sustainable Energy Systems • Fuels, Combustion- and Gasification Technologies• Energy Plants and System Engineering • Advanced Heat- and Mass Transfer• Project course - Energy Engineering• Thermal Turbo Machines and Steam Boilers • Internal Combustion Engines• System Design and CFD Simulation• Industrial Energy Processes

The year 2009 & 2010 in Numbers

2009 2010*

Ext. fin. research (kSEK), (% of tot.research budget)

8940 (61%)

15 035 (65%)

Disp. 2 1Lic. 1 1Journal Publ. 16 16

*) Prognos 2 2010

External funding 2010

Some of our partnersIndustry• EON• Neova• Siemens• Svea Skog• LKAB• SCA• Smurfit Kappa• Vattenfall• Abelko• Lukab• Luleå Energi AB• Skellefteå Kraft AB• Swebo Bioenergy AB• Boröpannan• SSAB• Apatity• Chemrec AB• Billerud Karlsborg AB

Public actors/authorities• Municipalities in Norrbotten• County Board of Norrbotten• Norrbotten county council• Jernkontoret• Värmeforsk• Swedish Energy Agency• Torvforsk• MISTRA• Swedish Research Council• EU• Swedish Environmental

Protection Agency• VINNOVA• The Swedish Water &

Wastewater Association• Kempe• Nordic Top Research Initiative

Research institutes/Universities• IIASA, Austria• BIOENERGY 2020+, Austria• VTT, Finland• KTH• CTH• LTH• Linköping University• Umeå University• SP• NENET• Innventia• ÅF Process• Swerea MEFOS• ETC Piteå• Växjö University• SINTEF, Norway• University of Savoie, Polytech

'Savoie, France• Oulo University, Finland • Karleby University centre Chydenius,

Finland

•University of Narvik, Norway•Makare University, Uganda•University of Kuopio, Finland•Technology and Support Centre of Renewable Raw Materials, Germany•Institute of Power Engineering, Poland•Teagasc, Crops Research Centre, Ireland•University of New South Wales, Australia•University of Monash, Australia

Ongoing projects Process Integration and System Analysis

Bio4Energy – The Process Integration Platform• The Bio4Energy program is a research joint project between Luleå

University of Technology, Umeå University, the Swedish University of Agricultural Science, Innventia, Energy Technology Centre in Piteå (ETC), Solander Science Park and Processum.

• The program was in 2009 awarded 198 million SEK (~ 50 million SEK/year). The ambition with the program is to be an internationally leading and complete “from seed to advanced fuels and chemicals” research environment in the field of sustainable utilization of energy from biomass.

• The research program consists of seven research platforms, each with a strong research profile

• The process integration platform research will use the Process Integration (PI)-technology and expertise to further develop PI-models of future biorefinery concepts with different methodologies and evaluate them from technical, environmental and economic points of view.

• Funding: Swedish Government, Strategic research program• Partners: LTU, UmU, SLU• Duration: 2010-14• Contact persons:, Jan Dahl LTU

Process integration in the mining industry

• Climate changes and new legislation is forcing the energy intensive industry to focus on energy efficiency.

• Optimisation model of the LKAB iron ore upgrading plant in Kiruna using process integration methods.

• Modelling is ongoing and the first results are expected during 2008.

• Funding: LKAB and the Swedish Energy Agency.• Partners: Ltu, LKAB and Mefos (PRISMA)• Duration: 2007-2012• Contact persons: Johan Sandberg, Jan Dahl LKAB iron ore upgrading plant in Kiruna, 2006.

Picture courtesy of LKAB, used by permission

Development of a process integration tool for an iron ore upgrading process system

• Energy savings and environmental impacts are two important issues for the process industry

• Process integration methods is a helpful tool for the to study and minimize these issues

• This project aims to develop a process integration model for the iron ore producing facility at LKAB in Malmberget in order to study measures to decrease the energy use and the environmental impact

• Funding: SSF, VINNOVA, KK-foundation, LKAB, SSAB, RUUKKI, Ltu

• Partners: Ltu, LKAB, Mefos (PRISMA)• Duration: 2006-• Contact persons: Samuel Nordgren, Jan Dahl

Increased access to biomass by improved efficiency for wood drying kilns• The project purpose is to disengage huge amount of biomass by increasing the energy efficiency of

timber mill drying facilities. • The market demands of biomass have and will continue to increase drastic in the future, this additional

amount of energy only answer to the markets desire of increased supply of energy. Increasing energy prices will give rise to sawmill motivation to invest in new technology.

• The project is a link for Sweden to reach their commitments of valid the environment and energy goal of EU.

• To realize the approach the following implements is needed: A research of Swedish Sawmill, there drying facilities and process integration at a sawmill. A study of suitable and available energy efficiency technique of the drying facilities will be performed, the interesting techniques will be compared to each other by simulations of the drying cycle. A qualified assessment of increased access of biomass in Sweden without increased raw material from the forest can then be made.

• Funding: Swedish Energy Agency• Duration: 2009-2012• Contact persons: Lars Westerlund, Jan-Olof Andersson

Process integration in forest bio-refineries including energy economic analysis

• Develop a PI model of the paper- and pulp mill Billerud Karlsborg using the reMIND methodology.

• Develop an energy economic model to simulate how price formation of raw material and final products is affected by increased demands, taxes, subsidises and other political tools

• Evaluate different biorefinery concepts

• Funding: Swedish Energy Agency, Billerud (Total budget 0.29 M€)• Partners: Ltu (Energy Eng. and National Economy), Billerud Karlsborg,

Billerud Skog, Chalmers, MEFOS, The universities of Linköping and Kalmar

• Duration: 2008-2010• Contact persons: Joakim Lundgren, C-E Grip, Jan Dahl, Patrik

Söderholm, Robert Lundmark

Case study: Exergy in the Luleå system

• Develop a PI model for the whole Luleå system• Calculate the Exergy• Simulate what happens if the CHP water temperature is

decreased by 20°C.

• Funding: Swedish Energy Agency• Partners: LTU, Luleå Energi, Luleå Kraft, SSAB, Mefos• Duration: 2008-2010• Contact persons: Erik Elfgren, C-E Grip

Ongoing projects Gasification

Black liquor gasification• Transform pulp and paper mills to bio refineries by

gasification of black liquor to produce electrical power, fuels and valuable chemicals at competitive prices in addition to pulp and paper

• Our research focus on spray burner experiments, experiments in the DP-1 pilot gasifier and reactor, quench cooler and counter current condenser modelling with CFD.

• Funding: Smurfit Kappa, SCA, Sveaskog, Södra, County Administration of Norrbotten, Chemrec, The Swedish Energy Agency and Mistra

• Partners: Ltu, ETC, Chalmers University of technology, Chemrec, STFI and Umeå University

• Duration: 2007-2010• Contact persons: Per Carlsson, Mikael Risberg, Rikard Gebart

and Lars Westerlund

Black liquor gasification

Raw gas

Green liqour

Condensate

Black liqour

Gas Cooler

Reactor

Quench cooler

Cooling water

Weak wash

Atomising medium

Clean, coolSynthesis gas

Chemrec DP-1

Steam

Gasification

Gas- and smelt separation

Particle cleaning and gas cooling

Can be used for electrical production or to produce motor

fuel

Sulphur removal

Pressurised Entrained flow Biomass Gasification (PEBG)

Project objectivesVerification: Get a working PEBG process from powder to fuel gas.Research: Crack the tough issues with PEBG and improve the function of the processTotal budget (4 yrs)Verification: 1.2 M€Research: 1.4 M€PartnersETC, LTU, Sveaskog, SmurfitKappa, IVABContact persons at LTUJim Andersson, Joakim Lundgren, Marcus Öhman, Burak Guktepe, Mikael Risberg

Pressurised Entrained flow Biomass Gasification (PEBG)

WP-1

WP-2

WP-3

WP-4WP-5

Control: WP-6

System: WP-7

HighBio – Highly refined bioenergy products through gasification

• The main aim of the project is to develop technologies and methods for refining available regional biomass feedstock for local product consumers.

• Funding (Swedish partners): INTERREG Nord IV A, County Council of Norrbotten and the County Administrative Board of Norrbotten.

• Partners: Energy Technology Centre (ETC) in Piteå, Oulu University, Karleby University centre Chydenius and Centria Ylivieska in Finland

• Duration: 2008-2011

• Contact persons: Ulf-Peter Granö (Chydenius), Ulla Lassi (Chydenius/Oulo Univ), Hannu Snellman (Centria), Joakim Lundgren (LTU), Marcus Öhman (LTU), Magnus Marklund (ETC), Rikard Gebart (ETC)

Biomass gasification fundamentals to support the development of BTL in forest industry (NORD-SYNGAS)

• The Finnish and Swedish industrial development projects are presently leading the global development on this pathway to renewable transportation fuels.

• The Finnish and Swedish activities are aiming to the same objective increased profitability of pulp and paper industry by using their by-products for producing high-quality renewable fuels. However, the technical approach is different and consequently co-operation on the creation of scientific background know-how on critical biomass gasification issues is fruitful for both groups.

• Objective: to create new scientific knowledge on fluidised-bed and entrained-flow gasification of biomass residues and black liquor in order to support the Nordic industrial development and demonstration projects.

• Funding: The Nordic Top Research Initiative• Partners: VTT (Project owner), LTU, ETC and SINTEF • Duration: 2010-2014• Contact persons: Esa Kurkela (VTT). At LTU: Marcus Öhman, Joakim Lundgren

Bio4Energy – Thermochemical Platform• The Bio4Energy program is a research joint project

between Luleå University of Technology, Umeå University, the Swedish University of Agricultural Science, Innventia, Energy Technology Centre in Piteå (ETC), Solander Science Park and Processum.

• The program was in 2009 awarded 198 million SEK (~ 50 million SEK/year). The ambition with the program is to be an internationally leading and complete “from seed to advanced fuels and chemicals” research environment in the field of sustainable utilization of energy from biomass.

• The research program consists of seven research platforms, each with a strong research profile; together they will encompass a complete system with all tools needed to achieve environmentally and climatically sound energy biorefineries based on non-food biomass.

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• The three units included in the thermochemical platform, Luleå University of Technology, Umeå University and ETC, form a strong multidisciplinary platform.

• The combined group has joint publications in practically all important areas for the thermochemical platform, e.g.:

– ash transformation reactions, aerosol formation and environmental health effects, HT-corrosion and materials interaction, process chemistry of combustion, gasification and torrefaction processes.

• In addition to the experimental work, computational fluid dynamics- (CFD) and thermochemical models that simulate several different biomass combustion and gasification processes have been developed.

• Our vision: to develop a complete set of experimentally validated sub-models that can predict all technologically important processes for thermal conversion of biomass, including reactions with containment materials.

• The experimental validation will be done both in idealized experiments under controlled conditions and in the pilot- and demo-scale experiments that are available within the program.

• Funding: Swedish Government, Strategic research program• Partners: LTU, UmU, ETC• Duration: 2010-14• Contact persons:, Marcus Öhman, LTU, Dan Boström UmU, Rikard Gebart ETC

Mechanisms of bed agglomeration during gasification of biomass fuels• One of the major problems in fluidized bed gasification

of (new) biomass is agglomeration of bed particles resulting in bed defluidization, cyclone deposition and return leg plugging

• This project aims to: (i) elucidate the chemical mechanisms of bed agglomeration and bed material deposition during fluidized bed gasification of biomass fuels, and (ii) suggest new cost-efficient fuel additives and bed materials for reducing the risk of bed agglomeration and bed material deposition

• Funding: Swedish Research Council• Partners: Ltu, UmU• Duration: 2008-2010• Contact persons: Alejandro Grimm LTU, Marcus Öhman,

LTU, Dan Boström UmU

Development of a combustion technology for small scale CHP based on external fired gas turbine

• One alternative method for small scale combined heat and power production is to develop technologies based on external gas turbines.

• Possible methods to avoid ash deposition (fouling) on heat exchanger surfaces is to use a process based on two-step biomass combustion where the first step consists of an up-draft gasifier or to optimize existing grate firing technologies/-processes.

• The objectives with this project are therefore to determine if the producer gas from; i) biomass driven up-draft gasification (phase 1)- and, ii) optimized grate firing appliances (phase 2) contains so low amounts of alkali that problems with fouling of heat exchangers or gas turbines could be avoided.

• Funding: Swedish Energy Agency• Partners: LTU, UmU, ETC, Swebo Bioenergy • Duration: 2008-2009 (phase 1), 2009-2011 (phase 2)

• Contact persons: Marcus Öhman, Hassan Salman (ETC) Christoffer Boman (UmU)

CO2 separation with ionic liquids

• Capture CO2 from flue gases to mitigate CO2 emissions from fossil-fuelled power plants

• Remove CO2 from synthesis gas to enhance yields/get products when producing transportation biofuels from biomass via gasification

• Available commercial technologies for CO2 capture/removal is expensive and energy-intensive

• This project aims to investigate a new technology using ionic liquids for CO2 capture/removal by performing theoretical investigations on solubility of gases in ionic liquids

• The long term goal is to understand, simulate and evaluate post- and pre-combustion CO2 capture processes for fossil-fuelled power plants and CO2 removal from synthesis gas in methanol, hydrogen and synthetic hydrocarbon productions from biomass via gasification

• Funding: Swedish Research Council• Duration: 2010-2012

• Contact person: Xiaoyan Ji

Ongoing projects Combustion

Thermo-acoustic coupling in biomass combustion

• Combustion instabilities in burner/furnace system may cause strong noise emissions as well as reduced combustion efficiencies.

• This project aims to identify combustion instabilities induced from thermo-acoustics and to investigate the coupling between acoustics with combustion in biomass powder combustion.

• Funding: European Commissions /Marie Curie Actions• Partners: Ltu, ETC, Arcelor, Alstom, Cerfacs, Gasunie Engineering

&Tech., Instituto Superior Technico Lisbon, K.U. Leuwen, LMS International, Rolls-Royce plc., TNO Science & Industry, TUE, UCAM,TUM, VKI

• Duration: 2008-2010• Contact persons: Burak Göktepe, Rikard Gebart

Slag formation in grate-kiln system• LKAB has four pelletizing plants of grate-kiln system in Kiruna.• Slag formation causes production disturbance, damages to equipments and affects the product

quality of iron ore pellets.• The aim of the project is therefore to:

i) Clarify mechanisms of slag formation in grate-kiln system (i.e. determine the critical sub-processes) (lic.) ii) Describe critical sub-processes in different models/ slag forming criteria which then can be used for CFD-modelling of the process (lic-Dr). iii) Through i) and ii) propose possible solution to reduce slag formation by improving the process (e.g. change of coal type as fuel, optimal combustion properties)

• Funding: Hjalmar Lundbohm Research Centre for Mining and Metallurgy• Partner: LTU Energy Engineering, LKAB, ETC, UmU-ETPC, LTU Process Metallurgy• Duration: 2009-2012• Contact persons: Carrie Jonsson, Marcus Öhman, Bo Lindblom (LKAB),

Charlotte Andersson (LTU-Process metallurgy)

Slag formation in grate-kiln system

Exhaust fan

Green ballsUDD

Grate

Fan

DDD

Temperatepreheat

Preheatzone

Recupgas 2

Kiln

Recupgas 1

Burner

Cooler

Pellets Cooling fan 2 Cooling fan 1

Recupgas 3

Fan Fan

Fan

Energy efficient reduction of particle emissions

• Particle emissions from small and medium sized boilers are too high. Existing cleaning technique is too expensive.

• A scrubber based on ADIAK-technology will be designed and tested on stack gases from wet biomass

• The goal is to reduce the particle emissions by 60% and increase the power output with up to 35%

• Funding: Swedish Energy Agency, Norrbotten Research Council, Swebo Bioenergy AB

• Partners: Ltu, Swebo Bioenergy AB, ETC Piteå• Duration: 2008– 2011• Contact person: Roger Hermansson

Explanatory sketch of the ADIAK system installed in a combustionplant

Optimal use of difficult biomass fuels fired in boilers for small-scale district heating

• The interest in utilisation of forest-, agricultural residues and energy crops for energy purposes is increasing

• Combustion of such fuels may cause higher emissions of NOx and particles as well as a reduction of operational hours due to ash related problems

• This project aims to develop and modify existing small- to medium scale boilers to achieve an efficient combustion process even when these fuels are used

• Funding: Swedish Energy Agency• Partners: Ltu, ETC Piteå, Swebo Bioenergy AB, SLU• Duration: 2008-2010• Contact person: Joakim Lundgren

Emissions from small scale woody biomass combustion: influence from fuel and technology• Small scale combustion of wood is important and will be even more important in Sweden replacing fossil fuel and electricity for heating. To not deteriorate the ambient air quality the emissions have to be still lowered requiring knowledge about current situation and possible solutions.

• Investigated combustion devices include residential wood log stoves, pellets stoves, wood log boilers and small scale grate firing (65 kW– 2 MW) and powder burners (1-2 MW) Extensive characterisation of both gaseousand particulate emissions have been performed for some devices.

• Funding: Swedish Energy Agency, LTU, NIFES, EU• Partners: LTU, UmU, ETC • Duration: -2011• Contact person: Esbjörn Pettersson (LTU)

Fluid mechanic modelling and construction of pellet burner and stoves• Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) is a well established

technique for design optimisation of large combustors. • However, CFD is today not frequently used for design

optimisation of small scale pellet burner and stoves in Sweden.

• The aim with this project is therefore to demonstrate CFD as a practical tool for design optimisation of small scale pellet burners and stoves (minimal maintenance, nice looking flame, low emissions)

• Funding: Swedish Energy Agency, Pitekaminen, Swebo Bioenergy AB

• Partners: ETC, Ltu, Swebo Bioenergy AB, Pitekaminen • Duration: 2008-2010• Contact persons: Henrik Wiinikka (ETC) Roger

Hermansson, Lars Westerlund, Ida linn Nyström, Marcus Öhman

Evaluation of combustion characteristics of different pellet qualities from new raw materials

• The use of pellets is of significant importance to decrease CO2 emissions. To secure the supply of pellets a larger base for raw materials is required

• Pellets from new materials from the forest and agriculture will be evaluated in combustion experiments

• The experimental results will be generalised in models to provide input for selection of raw materials and to control the quality for the pelletising process

• Funding: Swedish Energy Agency, Skellefteå Kraft AB, Luleå Energi AB, Pelletsindustrins Riksförbund, Neova, Torvforsk, Telge Energi AB

• Partners: SP, Ltu, UmU• Duration: 2008-2011• Contact persons: Ida-Linn Nyström, Marcus Öhman

Future low emission biomass combustion systems (FutureBioTech)• The project shall provide substantial contribution concerning the development

of future low emission stoves and automated biomass systems (<20 MWth).

• The work will be based on three relevant approaches; literature surveys and evaluation of present data, experimental work and use of calculation/modelling tools.

• The focuses of the work are; i) further development of wood stoves towards significantly decreased emissions by primary design/control measures, ii) improvement of automated furnaces (<20 MWth) towards lower PM and NOx emissions by technological primary measures (e.g. air staging), iii) utilisation of additives and fuel blending for new fuels, and iv) evaluation, development and optimisation of secondary measures in residential scale for PM reduction.

• Funding: Swedish Energy Agency, EU-ERA-NET Bioenergy• Partners: BIOENERGY 2020+ GmbH, Graz, Austria; University of Kuopio, Finland;

Technology and Support Centre of Renewable Raw Materials (TFZ), Germany; Umeå University, Sweden; Luleå University of Technology, Sweden; SP, Sweden; Institute of Power Engineering, Poland; Teagasc, Crops Research Centre, Ireland

• Duration: 2009-2012• Contact persons at LTU: Ida-Linn Nyström, Marcus Öhman

Thermal treatment of sewage sludge in fluidized beds for phosphorus and energy recovery

• Thermal treatment of sewage sludge in fluidized beds could be an interesting option for both reducing the amount of waste and toxic organic compounds and at the same time recover energy and phosphorus.

• The objectives of this project are therefore, in relevant conditions i.e. in fluidized bed combustion of sewage sludge, to determine:

– Possible degree of P recovery– Possible heavy metal separation – The possibilities of producing P compounds with high bio-

availability

• Funding: The Swedish Water & Wastewater Association, Swedish Environmental Protection Agency

• Partners: LTU, UmU • Duration: 2008-2011• Contact persons: Alejandro Grimm (LTU), Marcus Öhman (LTU),

Dan Boström (UmU)

Previous projects Process Integration and System Analysis

FOCUS Norrbotten – Energy resources

• The purpose of the project is to create a base for the development of a regional energy strategy

• This was done by creating energy demand scenarios for Norrbotten until 2025 and to explore the future available renewable fuel- and energy resources

• The results shows that Norrbotten has great potential to become an important role model on how to create a sustainable energy supply

• Funding: County Board of Norrbotten, Norrbotten county council

• Partners: Ltu, NENET, ETC Piteå• Duration: 2007-04-01– 2007-12-31• Contact person: Joakim Lundgren

Previous projects- Process integration

Process integration in connection to an integrated steel plant, (2000-2004)• Funding: Swedish Energy Agency• Project budget: 2.65 million• Partners: Ltu, LiTH, SSAB Tunnplåt AB

Optimering av restproduktflöden vid metallurgisk industri (integrerat stålverk)• Funding: Swedish Energy Agency• Project budget: xxx million, Janne vet• Partners: Ltu (Energy Eng. and Process metallurgy) SSAB Tunnplåt AB, BDX

ULCOS - Ultra low CO2 steelmaking, SP9 CO2 Calc & Site Modelling, (2004-2006)• Funding: EU FP6• Project budget: xxx million• Partners: MEFOS Research Institute AB, SSAB Tunnplåt AB, Arcelor, Corus UK, TKS, Voestalpine

Previous projects Gasification

Previous projects Combustion

Technical development for increased establishment and use of Read Canary Grass – demonstration i n full scale

• This project aims to demonstrate the production and use of read Canary Grass as fuel in different combustion appliances (medium- and full scale plants)

• Funding: Värmeforsk, Skellefteå Kraft AB, Eskilstuna Energi & Miljö AB

• Partners: SLU, LTU, UmU, Skellefteå Kraft AB, Eskilstuna Energi & Miljö AB

• Duration: 2008-2010

• Contact persons: Håkan Örberg (SLU), Dan Boström (UmU), Marcus Öhman (LTU), Jan Burvall (Skellefteå Kraft AB)

Effect of P-addition to problematic biomass fuels on deposit formation during combustion

• The use of biomass (especially agricultural fuels) has often been reported to be associated with significant ash related operational problems.

• Co-firing phosphor rich fuels with problematic biomass fuels have recently been reported to result in less problem.

• The objective in the present work was therefore to determine the effect of phosphorus added via fuel additives / co-firing fuels on the bed agglomeration/bed particle coating formation, deposit formation/corrosion and slag formation during biomass combustion.

• Funding: Värmeforsk, Eskilstuna Energi&Miljö• Partners: LTU, UmU • Duration: 2008-2010• Contact persons: Alejandro Grimm (LTU), Marcus Öhman (LTU),

Dan Boström (UmU), Christoffer Boman (UmU)

Reduced ash related operational problems (slagging, bed agglomeration, corrosion and fouling) by co-combustion agricultural fuels with peat

• The use of biomass (especially agricultural fuels) has often been reported to be associated with significant ash related operational problems.

• Co-firing biomass with peat fuels on the other hand have recently been reported to result in less problem.

• The objective in the present work was therefore to demonstrate the effect of peat addition to agricultural fuels (Salix, Reed Canary Grass and Wheat Straw) on slag-, bed agglomeration- and fouling formation during combustion in different combustion appliances (fluidized beds and grates).

• Funding: Värmeforsk, Torvforsk• Partners: LTU, UmU, Torvforsk • Duration: 2008-2010• Contact persons: Marcus Öhman (LTU), Dan Boström (UmU),

Marie-Kofod Hansen/Lennart Ryk (Torvforsk)

Renewable transportation by-products

• Bio-fuelled transportation are required to counter climate change. By-products must be used efficiently to replace fossil fuels for heat and power production

• Combustion tests is performed with:– Hydrolysis residue ('lignin') from wood-based ethanol production– Residue from wheat-based ethanol production– Rapeseed meal from bio-diesel production

• Optimal use of the fuels, economically and environmentally: heating, power cycles, fluidised beds, powder or grate combustion

• Funding: STEM, Värmeforsk, Höganäs AB• Partners: Ltu, ETC, ETPC Umeå University• Duration: 2007-2009• Contact persons: Marcus Öhman, Gunnar Eriksson

Effect of peat addition to woody biomass pellets on combustion characteristics in residential appliances

• Increased pellet demand and limited availability of wood assortments opens a new market with potentially more problematic raw materials

• Effects on the combustion characteristics when mixing peat into woody biomass

• Considerable reduction of fine (< 1µm) particles when mixing a peat with high ash and silicon content into a woody biomass

• Funding: NEOVA, Torvforsk, Swedish Energy Agency • Partners: ETC, Ltu, UmU, SLU • Duration: 2007-2008• Contact persons: Ida-Linn Nyström, Marcus Öhman, Henry

Hedman (ETC), Dan Boström (UmU)