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Zb`t gqGhq~|`han

Zbw zn hnndGhq~|`han

V|mq `hd Amhq mcGhq~|`han

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Dgsn|qgcga`tgmh McGhq~|`han Ghsnqtenhtq

Ghsnqtenhtq lw ghq~|nd*q

Ghdgsgd~`iq-\nt`gi Amev`hgnq

Ghsnqtenhtqlw ghq~|n|q

Ghq~|`han

amev`hgnq

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Tbn cmiimzghj t`linq gii~qt|`tn tbn qt|~at~|n mc s`|gm~q Ghdgsgd~`iq- \nt`gi bmz tbnw `iima`tn

ghq~|`han ghsnqtenhtq(

Ghdgsgd~`iq-|nt`gi

Abgid

nd~a`tgmh)

igcnghq~|`han

#

e`||g`jnnrvnhqnq

Igcnghq~|`han

#

vnhqgmh-

\ntg|nenht

^IGVq

#

T`r q`sghjvi`hq

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Amev`hgnq-m|j`hg`tgmhq

Zm|kenh

amevnhq`tgm

h

J|m~vghq~|`han

#

Igcnghq~|`han

Ghsnqtenhtqgh

ghq~|`han

amev`hgnq

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Ghq~|`hanamev`hgnq

\n%ghq~|`han L`ha`qq~|`han

Ghsnqtghjv|neg~eq gh

s`|gm~qqnatm|q

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Zb`t gq Ghq~|`han=

Ghq~|`han v|msgdnq cgh`hag`i v|mtnatgmh `j`ghqt ` imqq `|gqghj m~t mc b`vvnhghj mc `h ~han|t`gh

nsnht( @ vn|qmh a`h `s`gi tbgq v|mtnatgmh lw v`wghj v|neg~e tm `h ghq~|`han amev`hw(

@ vmmi gq a|n`tnd tb|m~jb amht|gl~tgmhq e`dn lw vn|qmhq qnnkghj tm v|mtnat tbneqnisnq c|meameemh |gqk( V|neg~e gq amiinatnd lw ghq~|`han amev`hgnq zbgab `iqm `at `q t|~qtnn tm tbn vmmi(

@hw imqq tm tbn ghq~|nd gh a`qn mc b`vvnhghj mc `h ~han|t`gh nsnht gq v`gd m~t mc tbgq vmmi(

Ghq~|`han zm|kq mh tbn l`qga v|ghagvin mc |gqk%qb`|ghj( @ j|n`t `ds`ht`jn mc ghq~|`han gq tb`t gt

qv|n`dq tbn |gqk mc ` cnz vnmvin msn| ` i`|jn j|m~v mc vnmvin nrvmqnd tm |gqk mc qgegi`| twvn(

Ghq~|`han gq ` amht|`at lntznnh tzm v`|tgnq zbn|nlw mhn v`|tw `j|nnq tm ~hdn|t`kn tbn |gqk mc

`hmtbn| gh nrab`hjn cm| amhqgdn|`tgmh khmzh `q v|neg~e `hd v|megqnq tm v`w ` cgrnd q~e mc

emhnw tm tbn mtbn| v`|tw mh b`vvnhghj mc `h ~han|t`gh nsnht "dn`tb' m| `ctn| tbn nrvg|w mc `an|t`gh vn|gmd( Gh a`qn mc igcn ghq~|`han m| tm ghdnehgcw tbn mtbn| v`|tw mh b`vvnhghj mc `h

~han|t`gh nsnht gh a`qn mc jnhn|`i ghq~|`han( Tbn v`|tw ln`|ghj tbn |gqk gq khmzh `q tbn *ghq~|n|*

m| *`qq~|n|* `hd tbn v`|tw zbmqn |gqk gq amsn|nd gq khmzh `q tbn *ghq~|nd* m| *`qq~|nd*(

Tbn amhanvt lnbghd ghq~|`han gq tb`t ` j|m~v mc vnmvin nrvmqnd tm qgegi`| |gqk amen tmjntbn| `hd

e`kn amht|gl~tgmhq tmz`|dq cm|e`tgmh mc ` vmmi mc c~hdq( Gh a`qn ` vn|qmh `at~`iiw q~ccn|q ` imqq

mh `aam~ht mc q~ab |gqk) bn gq amevnhq`tnd m~t mc tbn q`en vmmi mc c~hdq( Amht|gl~tgmh tm tbn

vmmi gq e`dn lw ` j|m~v mc vnmvin qb`|ghj ameemh |gqkq `hd amiinatnd lw tbn ghq~|`hanamev`hgnq gh tbn cm|e mc v|neg~eq(

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Zbw zn hnnd ghq~|`han=

Zn hnnd ghq~|`han tm amsn| s`|gm~q |gqkq `hd tm ennt ~han|t`ghtgnq( Ghq~|`han gq ` |gqk

t|`hqcn||ghj enab`hgqe(

Tbn|n `|n qm e`hw |n`qmhq tm q`w tbn hnnd mc ghq~|`han( Tbn cmiimzghj `|n |n`qmhq zbgab qt`tntbn hnnd mc ghq~|`han(

EM\TJ@JN V\MTNATGMH

@ bm~qn gq em|n tb`h o~qt ` ,bm~qn), gqh*t gt= Gc wm~*sn i`~jbnd gh gt) a|gnd gh gt) `hd igsnd gh gt) gt*q

` bmenwm~| bmen( Gc qmentbghj qbm~id b`vvnh tm wm~) zgii gt |ne`gh zgtb tbmqn zbm b`sn

qb`|nd gt zgtb wm~= @ igcn ghq~|`han vi`h a`h `qq~|n tb`t wm~| bmen qt`wq zgtb wm~| imsnd mhnq(

C@EGIW GHAMEN

Wm~ b`sn zm|knd b`|d tm l|ghj wm~| c`egiw*q qt`hd`|d mc igsghj ~v tm zbn|n gt gq( Wm~ qbm~idh*t

ln zgiighj tm jgsn tb`t ~vhm e`ttn| zb`t( Tbnw q`w ,wm~ a`h*t t`kn gt zgtb wm~), l~t n`|hghj

a`v`agtw jmnq zbnh wm~ dm! Tbn|n gq ` z`w tm j~`|`htnn tb`t tbnw zgii hnsn| b`sn tm q`a|gcgan tb`t

qt`hd`|d mc igsghj) zbntbn| wm~ `|n bn|n m| hmt(

ND^A@TGMH C^HDQ

Cnz tbghjq amhan|h v`|nhtq tmd`w em|n tb`h bnivghj tbng| abgid|nh jnt ` amiinjn nd~a`tgmh( Gc

amqtq amhtgh~n tm |gqn) ` v|gs`tn ~hgsn|qgtw*q `hh~`i amqt nranndq $16)666! Emhnw igkn tb`t a`h ln

b`|d tm amen lw( Zb`t a`h wm~ dm `lm~t gt= E`kn q~|n wm~| abgid|nh b`sn tbn q`en mvvm|t~hgtgnq

cm| nd~a`tgmh zbntbn| wm~ igsn m| dgn(

\NTG\NENHT \NQM^\ANQ

Tbm~jbt `lm~t |ntg|ghj i`tniw= Zbnh wm~ dm) cgj~|n m~t bmz e~ab emhnw wm~*ii b`sn( Tbnh tbghk

`lm~t ` igcn ghq~|`han vi`h tb`t zgii v|msgdn em|n( \ntg|nenht lnhncgtq q~ab `q Qmag`i Qna~|gtw

`|n hgan) l~t dm wm~ khmz bmz e~ab wm~*ii jnt= Vnhqgmhq `|n ` vi~q) l~t zgii tbnw ln nhm~jb=

Q~vvinenht`i ghamen gq ~q~`iiw hnanqq`|w(

NEN\JNHAW C^HDQ

Tbn c~|h`an l|n`kq( Tbn a`| jmnq mh tbn lighk( Tbn |mmc in`kq( Qmenmhn gh tbn c`egiw lnamenq

gii( Nsn|wd`w maa~||nhanq gh bm~qnbmidq `ii msn| tbn am~ht|w) zb`t dm wm~ dm= Igcn ghq~|`han a`hbniv( Tbn a`qb `hd im`h s`i~nq mc ` zbmin igcn vmigaw `|n `s`gi`lin tm wm~ zbnh nen|jnhagnq

b`vvnh( M| nsnh tm v|msgdn a`qb cm| qmen mtbn| nsnht(

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CGH@I NRVNHQNQ

Tbn ~hcm|t~h`tn t|~tb gq tb`t tbn i`qt tbghj wm~*ii dm mh tbgq n`|tb gq a|n`tn ` dnlt tb`t wm~ zmh*t ln

`|m~hd tm v`w( Cgh`i nrvnhqnq e`w ghai~dn l~|g`i amqtq) ~hv`gd lgiiq) `hd nranqq bmqvgt`i lgiiq

msn| bn`itb ghq~|`han v`wenhtq( Tbn nemtgmh`i d|`gh mh wm~| c`egiw qbm~id hmt ln `jj|`s`tnd lw

amhan|h `lm~t emhnw(

IMHJ TN\E A@\N

Tbn wn`|q `bn`d `|n v|nagm~q) `hd wm~ z`ht tm qvnhd vinhtw mc tgen zgtb wm~| abgid|nh) wm~|

j|`hdabgid|nh) `hd nsnh j|n`t%j|`hdabgid|nh( L~t cgh`hag`i l~|dnhq a`h a|n`tn tnhqgmh gh tbn

aimqnqt c`egignq(

Gevm|t`han mc igcn ghq~|`han gh amev`hw vmght mc sgnz?

Gc wm~| l~qghnqq zm~id an`qn tm c~hatgmh zgtbm~t wm~ tbn|n tm j~gdn gt) igcn ghq~|`han a`h |nvi`an

tb`t imqt ghamen `hd e`kn q~|n c`egiw eneln|q `|n cgh`hag`iiw qna~|n( Wm~ e`w ln |np~g|nd tmb`sn igcn ghq~|`han tm jnt ` l`hk im`h cm| wm~| l~qghnqq) l~t gt*q ` jmmd gdn` gh `hw a`qn( Tbn

emqt ameemh twvn mc igcn ghq~|`han gq tn|e ghq~|`han) zbgab mhiw i`qtq ` qnt h~eln| mc wn`|q)

twvga`iiw ~htgi |ntg|nenht `jn( Tn|e ghq~|`han gq abn`vn| tb`h vn|e`hnht) m| ,zbmin igcn),

ghq~|`han( Zbnh l~qghnqqnq b`sn e~itgvin mzhn|q) mctnh ` igcn ghq~|`han vmigaw gq t`knh m~t lw

tbn l~qghnqq mh n`ab mc tbn am%mzhn|q( ^vmh tbn dn`tb mc mhn mzhn|) tbgq ghq~|`han v`wm~t gq

~qnd tm l~w m~t tb`t v`|thn|*q qt`kn gh tbn l~qghnqq) qm tb`t tbn |ne`ghghj v`|thn|q a`h amhtgh~n

|~hhghj tbn l~qghnqq zgtbm~t ghtn|cn|nhan c|me tbn dnan`qnd v`|thn|*q c`egiw(

Tgii hmz zn dgqa~qqnd zb`t gq ghq~|`han) zbw zn hnnd ghq~|`han(

Hmz) tbn v|mq `hd amhq mc ghq~|`han gq e`ghiw dnvnhdq mh dgccn|nht kghdq mc ghq~|`han v|md~atq

emqtiw( @hd gt zgii ln dgqa~qqnd zgii dgqa~qqghj tbn ghsnqtenhtq mc ghdgsgd~`iq-amev`hgnq m|

l~qghnqq(

V|mq?

0' \gqk t|`hqcn||ghj

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GHSNQTENHTQ LW GHQ^\ND

Ghdgsgd~`iq-\nt`gi?

Tbn|n `|n tzm kghdq mc a~qtmen|q tm ghq~|`han amev`hgnq tbmqn `|n?

0'

Ghdgsgd~`iq-\nt`gi(

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HMZ ZN @\N DGQA^QQGHJ TBN GHSNQTNENHTQ LW GHQ^\ND @V@\T C\ME

ABGID\NH VI@HQ?

TN\E GHQ^\@HAN?

Tn|e Igcn Ghq~|`han gq ` twvn mc ghq~|`han vmigaw zbn|nlw tbn ghq~|nd v`wq ` cgrnd q~e cm| `vn|gmd mc tgen( Tbgq q~e |ne`ghq amhqt`ht( Tbn v|neg~e ab`|jnd gq sn|w hmegh`i( Tbn Vmigaw

bmidn|q hm|e`iiw q~|sgsn nsnh `ctn| gtq nrvg|w ~hinqq tbnw `|n `ccnatnd lw c`t`i dgqn`qn m| gho~|nd

gh `h `aagdnht( Tbgq vmigaw dmnq hmt amqt e~ab( Mhan tbn vmigaw nrvg|nq tbn ghq~|nd gq `iqm `t

igln|tw tm |nhnz tbn q`en l~t bn zgii b`sn tm v`w tbn |nsgqnd |`tnq mc v|neg~e( Q~ab ` ab`hjn

am~id qmentgenq ln tmm bgjb( Tbgq gq mhn mc tbn d|`zl`akq mc tbgq vmigaw( L~t cm| tbgq c`atm|) gt gq

namhmega`i `hd bgjbiw |nameenhdnd cm| tbn q`i`|gnd wm~tb `hd egddin enh( Zbmin tn|e

ghq~|`han vmigaw gq `hmtbn| ai`qqgcga`tgmh gh tn|e igcn ghq~|`han( Gh ` zbmin tn|e ghq~|`han tbn

ghq~|nd v`wq tbn cgrnd `em~ht tb|m~jbm~t bgq igcn(

ZBMIN IGCN GHQ^\@HAN?

Gc wm~ hnnd v|mtnatgmh tb|m~jbm~t wm~| igcn) tbnh wm~ b`sn tm ln v|mevt gh v`wghj wm~| v|neg~e

(Tbgq gq zb`t zbmin igcn ghq~|`han v|neg~e q`wq( Gh |nt~|h wm~ a`h ~qn tbn `em~ht c|me wm~|

ghq~|`han cm| c~t~|n ghsnqtenhtq m| mtbn| ~hcm|nqnnh knw nrvnhqnq( Tbn|n `|n tzm kghdq gh zbmin

igcn ghq~|`han( Tbnw `|n m|dgh`|w zbmin igcn ghq~|`han vmigagnq `hd igegtnd v`w zbmin igcn

vmigagnq( Zbmin igcn ghq~|`han gq ` q~la`tnjm|w mc vn|e`hnht ghq~|`han( @q vn| tbgq vmigaw `

vn|qmh zgii ln nigjglin tm mlt`gh v|mtnatgmh tb|m~jbm~t bgq igcn( Tbn mhiw v|n|np~gqgtn gq tb`t bn

qbm~id ln v|mevt gh e`kghj tbn v`wenhtq( Tbgq twvn mc vmigaw a`h ln v|ncn||nd gc tbn ghq~|nd gq

b`sghj imhj tn|e jm`iq cm| ghsnqtenht `hd `iqm z`htq `itn|h`tgsn qm~|anq tm ennt nen|jnhaw

cgh`hag`i hnndq(

SG@LIN GHQ^\@HAN?

Zbmin igcn ghq~|`han amev`|gqmh zgii |nsn`i tb`t tbgq vmigaw gq dgccn|nht c|me tbn mtbn|q( Tbn

ghq~|nd zgii ln `lin tm `lin tm n`|h ` bgjbn| `em~ht zbnh amev`|nd zgtb tbn mtbn| vmigagnq( @t

tbn q`en tgen tbn ghq~|nd zgii hmt ln `lin tm ai`ge tbn lnhncgt igkn im`h( Tbn zm|kghj mc tbgq

vmigaw gq qgegi`| zbnh amev`|nd zgtb mtbn| zbmin igcn ghq~|`han vmigagnq( Tbn e`gh

dgqtghj~gqbghj cn`t~|n gq tb`t tbn emhnw dnvmqgtnd lw tbn ghq~|nd gq ghsnqtnd gh cgh`hag`i

ghqt|~enhtq igkn qtmakq `hd e~t~`i c~hdq( Tbn|ncm|n tbn ghq~|nd zgii ln `lin tm jnt bgjbn| |nt~|hq

gc tbn qtmak mh zbgab bgq emhnw b`q lnnh ghsnqtnd vn|cm|eq znii gh tbn e`|knt(

Zbmin Igcn Ghq~|`han vmigagnq nhtgtin tbn ghq~|nd tm n`|h |nt~|hq mh tbng| ghsnqtenht( Tbn|ncm|n gt

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gq q~gtnd cm| vn|qmhq zbm `|n immkghj cm| qmentbghj lnwmhd v|mtnatgmh c|me ` igcn ghq~|`han

vmigaw( Tbn ghq~|n| ghsnqtq tbn v|neg~eq gh s`|gm~q qtmakq gh qmen vmigagnq m| abmmqnq tm ghsnqt

gh mtbn| qm~|anq igkn l`hkq m| nsnh ~qnq tbne tm cgh`han t|`dn `hd |ni`tnd `atgsgtgnq( Tbn |nt~|hq

`|n hmt dncghgtn gc tbn ghq~|n| ghsnqtq wm~| v|neg~eq gh qtmakq( Bmznsn|) ghsnqtghj tbne gh mtbn|

cgh`hag`i ghqt|~enhtq j~`|`htnnq |nt~|hq( Bmznsn| gh tbn |ne`ghghj a`qnq tbn |nt~|hq `|n `iemqt

j~`|`htnnd( Tbn twvn mc vmigaw abmqnh lw tbn ghq~|nd dntn|eghnq zbmin igcn ghq~|`han p~mtnq(

\MV%\NT^\H MC V\NEG^E?

\nt~|h mc v|neg~e igcn ghq~|`han gq ` twvn mc tn|e igcn ghq~|`han zgtb |nt~|h mc v|neg~eq v`gd

tb|m~jbm~t tbn vmigaw tn|e( Igkn mtbn| cm|eq mc igcn ghq~|`han) gc wm~ dgn d~|ghj tbn tn|e mc tbn

vmigaw) wm~| c`egiw zgii |nangsn tbn i~ev q~e lnhncgt mc tbn vmigaw( Gc) bmznsn|) wm~ igsn `hd tbn

vmigaw amenq tm tn|e) wm~ `|n |nv`gd cm| `ii mc tbn v|neg~eq tb`t wm~ v`gd(

NHDMZENHT VMIGAW?

Tbn v|ge`|w lnhncgt `h ghq~|nd zgii immk cm| gh ` igcn ghq~|`han vmigaw gq cgh`hag`i qna~|gtw cm|

tbng| dnvnhdnhtq mh tbn nsnht mc tbng| dn`tb( L~t tbnw a`h `iqm nhomw tbn emhnt`|w lnhncgtq d~|ghj

tbng| igcn tgen `v`|t c|me tbn |nj~i`| v|mtnatgmh mc tbng| dnvnhdnhtq `ctn| tbn vmigaw bmidn|*q dn`tb(

Tbgq ~hgp~n lnhncgt gq v|msgdnd lw tbn nhdmzenht igcn ghq~|`han vmigaw(

Mh tbn amht|`|w tbn e`gh mlonatgsn mc `h nhdmzenht vmigaw ignq gh mccn|ghj emhnt`|w lnhncgtq

d~|ghj tbn igcn tn|e mc tbn ghdgsgd~`i( Igcn ghq~|`han v|mtnatgmh amenq mhiw `ctn| tb`t( Tbn|ncm|n)

gt gq em|n mc `h ghsnqtenht tb`h ` zbmin igcn vmigaw( Nhdmzenht igcn ghq~|`han v`wq tbn c`an

s`i~n mc tbn vmigaw ngtbn| `t tbn ghq~|nd*q dn`tb m| `t ` an|t`gh `jn m| `ctn| ` h~eln| mc wn`|q mc

v|neg~e v`wenht( Tbn|n `|n qnsn|`i mvtgmhq cm| v`wghj tbn c`an s`i~n mc tbn ghq~|`han vmigaw(

Tbnw a`h ln v`gd mh tbn dn`tb mc tbn ghq~|nd igkn `hw mtbn| ghq~|`han vmigaw( Mtbn| abmganq

ghai~dn v`wghj tbne mh tbn `tt`ghenht mc ` an|t`gh `jn m| `ctn| tbn q~aanqqc~i v`wenht mc vmigaw

v|neg~eq( Tbgq twvn mc ghq~|`han gq |nameenhdnd gc wm~ z`ht tm q`sn qmen emhnw cm| enntghj` V`|tga~i`| v~|vmqn igkn c~hdghj wm~| abgid*q qt~dw gh ` ~hgsn|qgtw( Tbn igcn ghq~|`han amsn| mc

nhdmzenht vmigagnq nhtgtinq wm~| dnvnhdnhtq tm mlt`gh tbn vmigaw `em~ht gh a`qn mc wm~| dn`tb(

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EMHNW L@AK VMIGAW?

Emhnw l`ak vmigaw v|msgdnq cm| vn|gmdga v`wenhtq mc v`|tg`i q~|sgs`i lnhncgtq d~|ghj tbn tn|e mc

tbn vmigaw) `q imhj `q tbn vmigawbmidn| gq `igsn( Tbnw dgccn| c|me nhdmzenht vmigaw gh tbn qnhqn

tb`t gh nhdmzenht vmigaw q~|sgs`i lnhncgtq `|n v`w`lin mhiw `t tbn nhd mc tbn nhdmzenht vn|gmd(

@h gevm|t`ht cn`t~|n mc emhnw l`ak vmigagnq gq tb`t gh tbn nsnht mc dn`tb `t `hw tgen zgtbgh tbn

vmigaw tn|e) tbn dn`tb ai`ge amev|gqnq c~ii q~e `qq~|nd zgtbm~t dnd~atghj `hw mc tbn q~|sgs`i

lnhncgt `em~htq) zbgab e`w b`sn `i|n`dw lnnh v`gd `q emhnw%l`ak amevmhnhtq( Tbn lmh~q gq

`iqm a`ia~i`tnd mh tbn c~ii q~e `qq~|nd(

Emhnw l`ak igcn ghq~|`han vmigagnq `|n sn|w vmv~i`| `emhj t|`dgtgmh`i ghsnqtm|q zbm qnnk

cgh`hag`i ghqt|~enhtq tb`t v|msgdn ghq~|`han `hd ghsnqtenht) zgtb ` imz |gqk ninenht `hd

j~`|`htnnd |nt~|hq( Tbgq twvn mc vmigaw gq vn|cnat cm| ghdgsgd~`iq zbm `|n gh tbng| i`tn 16q m| n`|iw

46q `hd `|n immkghj `t qgjhgcga`ht v`wm~tq `ctn| 06%0> wn`|q tm c~hd tbng| abgid|nh*q bgjbn|

nd~a`tgmh) e`||g`jn `hd mtbn| nrvnhqnq( Emhnw l`ak vmigagnq a|n`tn ` imhj%tn|e q`sghjq

mvvm|t~hgtw zgtb ` |n`qmh`lin |`tn mc |nt~|h) nqvnag`iiw qghan tbn v`wm~t gq amhqgdn|nd nrnevt

c|me t`r nranvt ~hdn| qvnagcgnd qgt~`tgmhq( Mhn hnj`tgsn `qvnat mc emhnw l`ak vmigagnq gq tb`t

tbnw b`sn bgjbn| v|neg~e `q amev`|nd tm mtbn| ghq~|`han vmigagnq(

TBGHJQ TM AMHQGDN\ LNCM\N T@KGHJ EMHNW L@AK VMIGAW?

Lncm|n l~wghj ` emhnw l`ak vi`h) gt gq `dsgq`lin tm |n`d tbn tn|eq `hd amhdgtgmhq

tbm|m~jbiw( Wm~ qbm~id a`|nc~iiw abnak m~t tbn `at~`i `em~ht `iima`tnd tmz`|dq tbn

v|neg~e) bmz e~ab mc gt gq jmghj tm ln `aa~e~i`tnd `hd bmz e~ab gq tbn ghq~|`han

amev`hw*q ab`|jnq(

E`kn q~|n tb`t tbn vn|gmdga v`wm~tq `|n qm~hd nhm~jb tm ennt wm~| `htgagv`tnd hnndq(

Wm~ a`h `h`iwn tbn v`qt vn|cm|e`han gh tn|eq mc dnai`|nd lmh~qnq( Tbm~jb tbn v`qt gq

hmt hnanqq`|giw `h ghdga`tgmh mc c~t~|n vn|cm|e`han) gt jgsnq ` c`g| gdn` mc tbn ghq~|`hanamev`hw*q ameegtenht tm gtq vmigaw bmidn|q(

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VNHQGMH QABNEN?

Vnhqgmh vi`h gq ` ~hgp~n ghq~|`han qabnen dnqgjhnd cm| ` q`i`|gnd ghdgsgd~`i( Tb|m~jb tbgq

qabnen) mhn a`h ghsnqt emhnw gh `htgagv`tgmh tm in`d lnttn| qna~|nd igcn `ctn| |ntg|nenht(

Vnhqgmh vi`hq mccn|nd lw dgccn|nht igcn ghq~|`han amev`hgnq bniv gh vi`hhghj |ntg|nenht gh `h

nccnatgsn e`hhn|( E`gh v~|vmqn mc l~wghj ` vnhqgmh vi`h gq tm knnv tbn ghamen amhtgh~n `ctn|

mhn jntq |ntg|nenht c|me qn|sgan( Vnhqgmh vi`h e`knq `h ghdgsgd~`i cnni n`qw `hd |ni`rnd gh tbn

vmqt%|ntg|nenht igcn(

Vnhqgmh vi`h zbgab c`iiq ~hdn| Qnatgmh 22 mc tbn Ghamen T`r @at tniiq tb`t `h ghdgsgd~`i a`h l~w

`h `hh~gtw v|md~at zbnh bn m| qbn amevintnq tbn tn|e mc tbn qn|sgan( @ vnhqgmh vi`h bmidn| a`h)

bmznsn|) zgtbd|`z ` e`rge~e mc 11(11 vn|anht mc tbn `aa~e~i`tnd q~e `ctn| jnttghj |ntg|nenht

c|me tbn qn|sgan( Tbn) bn zgii b`sn tm l~w `h `hh~gtw c|me `hw mc tbn ghq~|`han amev`hgnq(

Gh a`qn ` vnhqgmh vmigaw bmidn| dgnq lncm|n bn jntq |ntg|nenht c|me qn|sgan m| bn dnagdnq `j`ghqt

l~wghj `h `hh~gtw vi`h `ctn| |ntg|nenht d~n tm vn|qmh`i |n`qmhq) tbn vn|qmh m| bgq lnhncgag`|w zgii

ln `lin tm zgtbd|`z tbn nhtg|n q~e( L~t gh tbgq a`qn) bn zgii |np~g|n v`wghj ` t`r mh tbn q~e

zgtbd|`zh `aam|dghj tm tbn nrgqtghj |`tn(

\ntg|nenht vi`hq?

\ntg|nenht gq ` tgen zbnh wm~ zm~id igkn tm dm tbn tbghjq) zbgab wm~ am~id hmt dm d~n tm i`ak mc

tgen `hd wm~| l~qw igcn v|gm| tm wm~| |ntg|nenht( Tbgq gq `at~`iiw tbn tgen zbnh wm~ a`h t|~iw igsn

wm~| d|n`e q~ab `q nhomwghj ` amevintniw |ni`rnd igcn zgtb wm~| hn`| `hd dn`| mhnq) t|`sniighj tm

nrmtga s`a`tgmh dnqtgh`tgmhq) l~wghj ` i`sgqb bmen m| ` i~r~|gm~q a`|) nta( Bmznsn|) tm c~icgi `ii

tbnqn d|n`eq wm~ hnnd q~ccgagnht q`sghjq m| cgh`han(

\ntg|nenht vi`hq emqtiw mccn| tzm tbghjq(

0' Qghjin v`wenht

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^IGVq?

Gh c`at ^IGVq gq ` ghsnqtenht vi`h e`ghiw(

Nsn| qghan ~hgt%ighknd ghq~|`han vi`hq "^IGVq' e`dn tbng| dnl~t) tbnw b`sn lnamen ` q~lonat mc

e~ab dgqa~qqgmh `hd dnl`tn( Mh tbn mhn b`hd) tbnw zn|n ` t|gcin tmm ameviga`tnd cm| ghdgsgd~`iq

hmt wnt nrvmqnd tm tbn qtmak e`|kntq; mh tbn mtbn| b`hd) tbnw zn|n e~ab%e`igjhnd lna`~qn mc tbn

*~h~q~`iiw bgjb* amqtq(

@q ^IGVq e`dn tbng| v|nqnhan cnit) ghq~|n|q zn|n em|n mvnh tm dgqa~qqghj tbn amqtq `hd bmz tbnw

nsnhnd m~t msn| tbn imhj tn|e( Tbgq `hd tbn cinrglgigtw tb`t ^IGVq mccn| lna`en gevm|t`ht vmghtq

tb`t e`dn ghdgsgd~`iq amhqgdn| `ddghj tbne tm tbng| vm|tcmigm(

^hgt Ighknd Ghq~|`han Vi`hq "^IGVq' `|n `at~`iiw e~t~`i c~hdq

> qtnvq tm qninatghj tbn |gjbt ^IGV

Tmd`w) em|n ghdgsgd~`iq `|n mvnh tm ~qghj tbn ^IGV%z`w tm a|n`tn zn`itb msn| tbn imhj tn|e(

Bn|n zn m~tighn nr`atiw bmz ^IGVq a`h bniv wm~ c~icgii tb`t |nqvmhqglgigtw(

Gc wm~ `|n lntznnh `hd 1> wn`|q mc `jn

Wm~ `|n wm~hj) v|ml`liw e`||gnd `hd nsnh b`sn kgdq( Gc wm~ `|n tbn qmin l|n`dzghhn| gh tbn

c`egiw) tbnh wm~ b`sn p~gtn ` cnz |nqvmhqglgigtgnq tm c~icgii |gjbt c|me vi`hhghj cm| wm~| abgid*q

nd~a`tgmh-e`||g`jn tm vi`hhghj cm| wm~| mzh |ntg|nenht tm v|msgdghj cm| tbn c`egiw gh wm~|

`lqnhan(

Tbn i`qt |nqvmhqglgigtw gq tbn emqt a|gtga`i `hd g|mhga`iiw gt gq tbn n`qgnqt `hd abn`vnqt mhn mc tbn

imt tm c~icgii( @t Vn|qmh`i) zn b`sn `iz`wq lnnh smt`|gnq mc tn|e ghq~|`han%tbn abn`vnqt z`w tm

jnt ` igcn amsn| cm| wm~(

Tn|e ghq~|`han gq `iqm ghq~|`han gh gtq *v~|nqt* cm|e) gh mtbn| zm|dq tbn|n gq hm q`sghjq ninenht gh

gt) zbgab nhq~|nq wm~| v|neg~eq `|n sn|w imz( Tbn|n gq hm lnttn| v|md~at tm v|msgdn cm| wm~|c`egiw gh a`qn mc `h nsnht~`igtw `hd `ii ghdgsgd~`iq e~qt amhqgdn| t`kghj ` tn|e vi`h(

Tn|e ghq~|`han mc am~|qn t`knq ` b~jn l~|dnh mcc wm~| abnqt `q `iqm wm~| z`iint( L~t gt qtgii

in`snq wm~ zgtb ` v|mline( Gc tn|e ghq~|`han gq mhiw jmghj tm t`kn a`|n mc tbn *|gqk* ninenht) zbm

gq jmghj tm t`kn a`|n mc tbn *q`sghjq* v`|t(

http://in.rediff.com/money/2005/oct/13perfin.htmhttp://in.rediff.com/money/2005/oct/13perfin.htmhttp://in.rediff.com/money/2005/oct/13perfin.htm

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Tbgq gq zbn|n ^IGVq amen gh( Mc am~|qn) tb`t gq hmt tm q`w tb`t ^IGVq dm hmt b`sn `h ghq~|`han

ninenht) tbnw dm) l~t gt gq igegtnd i`|jniw tm tbn n`|ign| wn`|q `hd `ctn| ` vmght tbnw dmh tbn e`htin

mc `h ghsnqtenht v|md~at( Qm bmz a`h ^IGVq bniv wm~ q`sn cm| abgid*q nd~a`tgmh-e`||g`jn)

vi`hhghj cm| |ntg|nenht `hd mtbn| ghsnqtenht%|ni`tnd mlonatgsnq= ^IGVq a`h dm `ii tbgq `hd em|n

lna`~qn tbnw amen zgtb ` imt mc s`|gntw(

Amhqgdn| tbgq; nranvt cm| tn|e ghq~|`han "lna`~qn gt dmnq hmt e`kn qnhqn') o~qt `lm~t nsn|w igcn

ghq~|`han v|md~at b`q ` ^IGV mvtgmh( Qm wm~ b`sn nhdmzenht ^IGV) abgid ^IGVq) `hd vnhqgmh

^IGVq(

Qnatgmh 26A% T`r lnhncgtq?

Qnatgmh 26I ~qnd tm `iimz dnd~atgmh mc ghtn|nqt n`|hnd mh) q`w) ` H`tgmh`i Q`sghjq An|tgcga`tn m|

` l`hk dnvmqgt ~v tm ` igegt mc \q 0

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GHSNQTENHTQ LW AMEV@HGNQ-L^QGHNQQ CG\EQ?

Zm|kn|q amevnhq`tgmh?

Gc wm~| l~qghnqq b`q nevimwnnq) gt gq |np~g|nd tm a`||w zm|kn|q* amevnhq`tgmh ghq~|`han) zbgab

amsn|q endga`i lgiiq `hd imqt v`w cm| nevimwnnq zbm `|n gho~|nd mh tbn oml( Zm|kn|q* amev `iqmghai~dnq nevimwn| ig`lgigtw amsn|`jn) zbgab amevnhq`tnq c`egignq mc nevimwnnq vn|e`hnhtiw

dgq`lind m| kgiind `t tbng| zm|kvi`an( @ tbg|d) mvtgmh`i vm|tgmh mc zm|kn|q amevnhq`tgmh

ghq~|`han amsn|q nevimwenht v|`atganq ig`lgigtw( Tbgq v|mtnatq wm~| l~qghnqq c|me ai`geq |ni`tnd

tm vn|qmhhni v|mlineq q~ab `q dgqa|gegh`tgmh m| qnr~`i b`|`qqenht( Qt`tnq s`|w gh bmz tbnw

e`h`jn zm|kn|q amev v|mj|`eq( Tbn|n e`w ln ` qt`tn%|~h m| v|gs`tn |gqk vmmi wm~ a`h omgh tm

|nd~an wm~| ghq~|`han amqtq) m| wm~ e`w hnnd tm qnnk v|gs`tn zm|kn|q amev ghq~|`han( Abnak

zgtb wm~| qt`tn ghq~|`han ameegqqgmhn| m| dnv`|tenht mc ghq~|`han tm cghd m~t tbn |~inq gh wm~|

qt`tn(

J|m~v ghq~|`han?

Gh J|m~v Ghq~|`han vmigaw) tbn m|j`hg`tgmh m| tbn nevimwn| zbgab gq ghq~|nd mccn|q a`qb s`i~n tm

tbn eneln|q gh zbgab tbnw a`h v~|ab`qn tbn ghq~|`han vmigaw lw jnttghj `h `em~ht mc tbng|

q`i`|w dnd~atnd `q vn| tbn |`tgm( @ddgtgmh`i vn|qmh`i ghq~|`han gq `iqm mccn|nd tm tbn eneln|q mc

tbn j|m~v ghq~|`han( @hmtbn| mvtgmh tb`t j|m~vq ghq~|`han vmigaw bmidn|q jnt gq tb`t tbn

ghdgsgd~`i vmigagnq `|n v~|ab`qnd lw tbn nevimwn| zbm v`wq tbn v|neg~e `hd tbn lnhncgtq gq

dgsgdnd `emhj tbn nevimwnn `hd tbn nevimwn|( J|m~v Ghq~|`han vmigaw gq mc j|n`t lnhncgt tm `h

ghdgsgd~`i zbm a`hhmt `ccm|d tm v`w ` v|neg~e bgeqnic(

J|m~v Igcn Ghq~|`han vmigaw `|n dgsgdnd `hd a`tn|nd ghtm s`|gm~q vi`hq `hd nevimwn| zbm z`htq

tm jnt ghq~|nd a`h ln v`|t mc `hw mc tbn vmigagnq `q vn| tbng| `ccm|d`lgigtw |`hjn(

Igcn ghq~|`han?

Gc wm~| l~qghnqq zm~id an`qn tm c~hatgmh zgtbm~t wm~ tbn|n tm j~gdn gt) igcn ghq~|`han a`h |nvi`an

tb`t imqt ghamen `hd e`kn q~|n c`egiw eneln|q `|n cgh`hag`iiw qna~|n( Wm~ e`w ln |np~g|nd tm

b`sn igcn ghq~|`han tm jnt ` l`hk im`h cm| wm~| l~qghnqq) l~t gt*q ` jmmd gdn` gh `hw a`qn( Tbn

emqt ameemh twvn mc igcn ghq~|`han gq tn|e ghq~|`han) zbgab mhiw i`qtq ` qnt h~eln| mc wn`|q)twvga`iiw ~htgi |ntg|nenht `jn( Tn|e ghq~|`han gq abn`vn| tb`h vn|e`hnht) m| ,zbmin igcn),

ghq~|`han( Zbnh l~qghnqqnq b`sn e~itgvin mzhn|q) mctnh ` igcn ghq~|`han vmigaw gq t`knh m~t lw

tbn l~qghnqq mh n`ab mc tbn am%mzhn|q( ^vmh tbn dn`tb mc mhn mzhn|) tbgq ghq~|`han v`wm~t gq

~qnd tm l~w m~t tb`t v`|thn|*q qt`kn gh tbn l~qghnqq) qm tb`t tbn |ne`ghghj v`|thn|q a`h amhtgh~n

|~hhghj tbn l~qghnqq zgtbm~t ghtn|cn|nhan c|me tbn dnan`qnd v`|thn|*q c`egiw(

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Tbn cm|n emqt ghsnqtenhtq lw ` amev`hw m| m|j`hg`tgmh lw ghsnqtghj gh ghq~|`han amev`hw(

Bmidghj Qt`kn gh ghq~|`han amev`hw a`h ln dmhn gh 1 z`wq?

0' @q ` v|memtn|

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Hmz tbgq ab`vtn| e`ghiw dn`iq zgtb ghq~|`han amev`hw ghsnqtenhtq?

\n%ghq~|`han?

Tbn ghq~|`han l~qghnqq gq ghbn|nhtiw `hd ght|ghqga`iiw |gqkw `q tbn imqqnq `|n mc ` v|ml`lgigqtgah`t~|n) `hd zbnh tbnw t`kn vi`an) tbnw dm qm zgtb ` |`hdmeiw s`|wghj c|np~nhaw( Tbgq gq em|n qm)gh tbn a`qn mc hnz m| qe`ii ghq~|n|q) m| zbn|n nrgqtghj ghq~|`han amev`hgnq ~hdn|z|gtn hnzai`qqnq mc l~qghnqq( Gh q~ab a`qnq) ` an|t`gh vm|tgmh mc tbng| ghq~|`han |gqk amsn| e~qt) gh tbng|mzh ghtn|nqt) ln |nghq~|nd tm nhq~|n tb`t tbn |gqkq `|n qv|n`d(

Tbn cmiimzghj `|n |n`qmhq tm dm |n%ghq~|`han?

"`'\GQK T\@HQCN\

Tbn e`gh ~qn mc `hw ghq~|n| tb`t egjbt v|`atgan |nghq~|`han gq tm `iimz tbn amev`hw tm `qq~enj|n`tn| ghdgsgd~`i |gqkq tb`h gtq qgn zm~id mtbn|zgqn `iimz) `hd tm v|mtnat ` amev`hw `j`ghqtimqqnq( \nghq~|`han `iimzq `h ghq~|`han amev`hw tm mccn| bgjbn| igegtq mc v|mtnatgmh tm `vmigawbmidn| tb`h gtq mzh `qqntq zm~id `iimz( Cm| nr`evin) gc tbn v|ghagv`i ghq~|`han amev`hw

a`h z|gtn mhiw $06 egiigmh gh igegtq mh `hw jgsnh vmigaw) gt a`h |nghq~|n "m| andn' tbn `em~ht mctbn igegtq gh nranqq mc $06 egiigmh( \nghq~|`hanq bgjbiw |ncghnd ~qnq gh |nanht wn`|q ghai~dn`vviga`tgmhq zbn|n |nghq~|`han z`q ~qnd `q v`|t mc ` a`|nc~iiw vi`hhnd bndjn qt|`tnjw(

"l' GHAMEN QEMMTBGHJ

\nghq~|`han a`h bniv tm e`kn `h ghq~|`han amev`hwq |nq~itq em|n v|ndgat`lin lw `lqm|lghji`|jn| imqqnq `hd |nd~aghj tbn `em~ht mc a`vgt`i hnndnd tm v|msgdn amsn|`jn(

Tbn `lmsn `|n qmen mc tbn |n`qmhq tm dm |n%ghq~|`han(

L@HA @QQ^\@HAN?

L`ha `qq~|`han gq ` amelgh`tgmh mc tzm zm|dq L`ha`hd `qq~|`han qgjhgcwghj tb`t lmtbl`hkghj `hd ghq~|`han v|md~atq `hd qn|sgan `|n v|msgdnd lw mhn ameemh am|vm|`tn nhtgtw m| lwl`hkghj amev`hw zgtb amii`lm|`tgmh zgtb `hw v`|tga~i`| Ghq~|`han amev`hw( Gh amha|ntn tn|eql`ha `qq~|`han) zbgab gq `iqm khmzh `q @iig`h % dnqa|glnq ` v`ak`jn mc cgh`hag`i qn|sganq tb`ta`h c~icgi lmtb l`hkghj `hd ghq~|`han hnndq `t tbn q`en tgen(

Gt gq tbn v|msgqgmh mc ghq~|`han "`qq~|`han' v|md~atq lw ` l`hk( Tbn ~q`jn mc tbn zm|d vgaknd ~v`q l`hkq `hd ghq~|`han amev`hgnq en|jnd `hd l`hkq qm~jbt tm v|msgdn ghq~|`han) nqvnag`iiw ghe`|kntq tb`t b`sn lnnh igln|`ignd |nanhtiw( Gh gtq qgevinqt cm|e) L`ha `qq~|`han gq tbndgqt|gl~tgmh mc ghq~|`han v|md~atq tb|m~jb tbn L`hkq dgqt|gl~tgmh hntzm|k(( Gt gq ` vbnhmenhmh

zbn|ngh ghq~|`han v|md~atq `|n mccn|nd tb|m~jb tbn dgqt|gl~tgmh ab`hhniq mc tbn l`hkghj qn|sganq`imhj zgtb ` amevintn |`hjn mc l`hkghj `hd ghsnqtenht v|md~atq `hd qn|sganq( L`ha `qq~|`hant|gnq tm nrvimgt qwhn|jgnq lntznnh lmtb tbn ghq~|`han amev`hgnq `hd l`hkq(

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Hmz i`qt amhanvt g(n( ghsnqtghj v|neg~eq( G\D@ c|`end an|t`gh |nj~i`tgmhq) bmz tm ghsnqt `hd

bmz tm `iima`tn tbn v|neg~eq tm s`|gm~q qnatm|q

1( \nj~i`tgmh mc Ghsnqtenhtq"0' Igcn L~qghnqq? Zgtbm~t v|no~dgan tm Qnatgmh 6.)

ggg' @vv|msnd Ghsnqtenhtq `q qvnagcgnd gh Qabnd~in G

`'Ghc|`qt|~at~|n `hd Qmag`i Qnatm|

Nrvi`h`tgmh? Cm| tbn v~|vmqn mc tbgq |np~g|nenht) Ghc|`qt|~at~|n `hd

Qmag`i Qnatm| qb`ii b`sn tbn en`hghj `q jgsnh gh |nj~i`tgmh

Hmt nranndghj 0>.

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"

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\NJ^I@TGMH MC GHSNQTENHTQ?

"0' Jnhn|`i L~qghnqq? Zgtbm~t v|no~dgan tm Qnatgmh

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". mc

tbn tmt`i a`vgt`i

nevimwnd/ mc tbn j|m~v

amev`hgnq(

Hmt nranndghj 0>. mc tbn

tmt`i a`vgt`i nevimwnd/ gh

`ii q~ab amev`hgnq(

"gg' D~|ghj tbn wn`|

Hmt nranndghj >. mcnqtge`tnd hh~`i

`aa|ntgmh mc c~hdq(

"gg' D~|ghj tbn wn`|

Hmt nranndghj 06.mc nqtge`tnd hh~`i

`aa|ntgmh mc c~hdq(

/ Tmt`i a`vgt`i nevimwnd en`hq tmt`i mc np~gtw qb`|nq) v|ncn|nhan qb`|nq) dnlnht~|nq) imhj-

endg~e- qbm|t tn|e im`hq "nrai~dghj v~liga dnvmqgtq') c|nn |nqn|snq l~t nrai~dghj |ns`i~`tgmh

|nqn|snq) mc tbn ghsnqtnn amev`hw `q qbmzh gh gtq i`qt `~dgtnd l`i`han qbnnt(

L' Nrvmq~|n Hm|eq cm| Ghsnqtenht gh V~liga Cgh`hag`i Ghqtgt~tgmhq

Np~gtw Qb`|n `hd V|ncn|nhan Qb |nq "`t tbng| c`an Hmt nranndghj 0>. gh jnhn| i mc tbn v gd ~v

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s`i~n'( np~gtw- v|ncn|nhan a`vgt`i mc tbn ghqtgt~tgmh m|

tbn nrgqtghj bmidghj . insni) gc bgjbn|(

Ghsnqtenht gh Np~gtw A`vgt`i) Lmhdq) Dnlnht~|nq)

Tn|e Im`hq(

Hmt nranndghj 06. mc tbn a`vgt`i nevimwnd lw `h

ghqtgt~tgmh `q vn| tbn i`qt `~dgtnd L`i`han Qbnnt(

Tmt`i Ghsnqtenht sgq%%sgq Hnt Zm|tb mc tbn

Amev`hw(

Hmt nranndghj 36. mc Hnt Zm|tb mc tbn

ghqtgt~tgmh(

Tmt`i Ghsnqtenht gh ` Cgh`hag`i Wn`|( :(>. mc `hh~`i aa|ntgmhq(

Tmt`i Ghsnqtenhtq gh ii tbn Cgh`hag`i Ghqtgt~tgmhq( @hh~`i `jj|nj`tn cgh`hag`i `qqgqt`han tm `ii

Dnsnimvenht Cgh`hag`i Ghqtgt~tgmhq v~t tmjntbn|

gh ` qghjin wn`| qb`ii hmt nrannd

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Hm|eq cm| Hmh%Amhsn|tglin Dnlnht~|nq `hd Hmh%Amhsn|tglin Dnlnht~|nq zgtb z`||`htq

`tt`abnd?

0( Nigjglgigtw @em~ht

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ghai~dn qt~dw mc cgh`hag`i vmqgtgmh) t|`ak |nam|d `hd mtbn| cn`t~|nq q~ab `q p~`igtw mc

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ggg' Ghc|`qt|~at~|n `hd Qmag`i Qnatm|?Gh tbn a`qn mc v|monatq- zm|kq gh tbn ghc|`qt|~at~|n `hd qmag`i qnatm| ~hdn|t`knh lw `

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0 Cm|e 0 Qt`tnenht mc

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ghcm|e`tgmh gh q~ab e`hhn|) ghtn|s`iq hd tgen igegt `q e`w ln qvnagcgnd tbn|ngh(

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3( D~tw tm \nvm|t nrt|`m|dgh`|w nsnhtq `ccnatghj tbn ghsnqtenht vm|tcmigmNsn|w ghq~|n| qb`ii |nvm|t tm tbn @~tbm|gtw cm|tbzgtb) tbn nccnat m| tbn v|ml`lin nccnat mc

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2( Egqanii`hnm~q?`' S`i~`tgmh mc @qqntq `hd @aam~htghj mc Ghsnqtenhtq qb`ii ln `q vn| tbn Ghq~|`han

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Amhai~qgmh?

0' Ghdgsgd~`iq qbm~id `z`|n mc s`|gm~q kghdq mc vmigagnq mccn|ghj lw s`|gm~q

amev`hgnq(

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Lgligmj|`vbw

0' v|ghagvinq mc ghq~|`han