SS521-AG-PRO-0100910-LP-106-0957Volume 1: DivingPrinciplesandPoliciesVolume 2: AirDivingOperationsVolume 3: MixedGasSurfaceSuppliedDivingOperationsVolume 4: Closed-CircuitandSemiclosedCircuitDivingOperationsVolume 5: DivingMedicineandRecompressionChamberOperations15 APRIL 2008U.S. Navy Diving ManualREVISION 6DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT A: THIS DOCUMENT HAS BEEN APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE AND SALE; ITS DISTRIBUTION IS UNLIMITED.SUPERSEDES SS521-AG-PRO-010, REVISION 5, Dated 15 August 2005.PUBLISHED By DIRECTION OF COMMANDER, NAVAL SEA SySTEMS COMMANDPAGELEFTBLANKINTENTIONALLYFor sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402List of Effective Pages SS521-G-PRO-010LIST OF EFFECTIVE PGESDate of issue for original is:Original 15 April 2008TOTAL NUMBER OF PAGES IN THIS PUBLICATION IS 992, CONSISTING OF THE FOLLOWING:* Zero in this column indicates an original pagePage No. *Change No.Title Page 0Title Page-2 blank 0A through B 0Certification Sheet 0Certification Sheet-2 blank 0Record of Changes 0Record of Changes-2 blank 0i (Foreword) 0ii blank 0iii through vii 0viii blank 0ix through lvii 0lviii blank 0lix through lxii 0Vol 1 Title Page 0Vol 1 Title Page-2 blank 01-i through 1-xiii 01-xiv blank 01-1 through 1-31 01-32 blank 02-1 through 2-36 03-1 through 3-63 03-64 blank 04-1 through 4-13 04-14 blank 05-1 through 5-13 05-14 blank 01A-1 through 1A-16 01B-1 through 1B-3 0Page No. *Change No.1B-4 blank 01C-1 01C-2 blank 01D-1 through 1D-9 01D-10 blank 0Vol 2 Title Page 0Vol 2 Title Page-2 blank 02-i through 2-xv 02-xvi blank 02-xvii 02-xviii blank 06-1 through 6-58 07-1 through 7-40 08-1 through 8-36 09-1 through 9-84 010-1 through 10-13 010-14 blank 011-1 through 11-14 02A-1 through 2A-3 02A-4 blank 0Vol 3 Title Page 0Vol 3 Title Page-2 blank 03-i through 3-vii 03-viii blank 03-ix 03-x blank 03-xi 03-xii blank 012-1 through 12-14 0 B List of Effective Pages*ZerointhiscolumnindicatesanoriginalpagePage No. *Change No.13-1through13-13 013-14blank 014-1through14-35 014-36blank 015-1through15-39 015-40blank 016-1through16-9 016-10blank 0Vol4TitlePage 0Vol4TitlePage-2blank 04-ithrough4-vii 04-viiiblank 04-ix 04-xblank 04-xi 04-xiiblank 017-1through17-61 017-62blank 018-1through18-57 018-58blank 019-1through19-25 019-26blank 0Vol5TitlePage 0Vol5TitlePage-2blank 05-ithrough5-xi 05-xiiblank 020-1through20-49 020-50blank 021-1through21-31 021-32blank 05A-1through5A-13 05A-14blank 05B-1through5B-7 05B-8blank 05C-1through5C-23 05C-24blank 0Index-1throughIndex-12 0Page No. *Change No.NAVSEA TECHNICAL MANUAL CERTIFICATION SHEETCertification Applies to:Applicable TMINS/Pub NoPublication Date (Da, Mo, Yr)Title: US NAVY DIVING MANUAL, Revision 6TMCR/TMSR/Specification No:CHANGES AND REVISIONS:CERTIFICATION STATEMENTPurpose:Equipment Alteration Numbers Incorporated:TMDER/ACN Numbers Incorporated:Continue on reverse side or add pages as neededNew Manual Revision ChangeofThis is to certify that responsible NAVSEA activities have reviewed the above identifieddocument for acquisition compliance, technical coverage, and printing quality This formisfor internal NAVSEA management use only, and does not imply contractual approval oracceptance of the technical manual by the Government, nor relieve the contractor of anyresponsibility for delivering the technical manual in accordance with the contract require-mentAuthorityAcquisitionTechnicalPrintingReleaseDERIVED FROM NAVSEA 4160/8 (5 - 89)Name Signature Organization Code DateXSS521-AG-PRO-010/0910-LP-106-095715April2008CAPTJGrayNAVSEA 00C300C3B NAVSEA1 1RWhaleyThisrevisionprovidesnewproceduresfordecompressionusingairand/oroxygenPAGELEFTBLANKINTENTIONALLYSS521-AG-PRO-010RECORD OF CHANGESFlyleaf-1/(Flyleaf-2blank)CHANGENODATEOFCHANGETITLEAND/ORBRIEFDESCRIPTIONENTEREDBYPAGELEFTBLANKINTENTIONALLYForeword iForewordPAGELEFTBLANKINTENTIONALLY ii ProloguePAGELEFTBLANKINTENTIONALLYSafety Summary iiiSafety SummarySTANDARD NAVy SyNTAxSince this manual will form the technical basis of many subsequent instructions or directives, it utilizes the standard Navy syntax as pertains to permissive, advisory, and mandatory language. This is done to facilitate the use of the information provided herein as a reference for issuing Fleet Directives. The concept of word usage and intended meaning that has been adhered to in preparing this manual is as follows:Shall has been used only when application of a procedure is mandatory.Should has been used only when application of a procedure is recommended.May and need not have been used only when application of a procedure is discretionary.Will has been used only to indicate futurity; never to indicate any decree of requirement for application of a procedure.The usage of other words has been checked against other standard nautical and naval terminology references.GENERAL SAFETyThis Safety Summary contains all specifc WARNINGS and CAUTIONS appearing elsewhere in this manual and are referenced by page number. Should situations arise that are not covered by the general and specifc safety precautions, the Commanding Offcer or other authority will issue orders, as deemed necessary, to cover the situation.SAFETy GUIDELINESExtensive guidance for safety can be found in the OPNAV 5100 series instruction manual, Navy Safety Precautions.SAFETy PRECAUTIONSThe WARNINGS, CAUTIONS, and NOTES contained in this manual are defned as follows: WARNING Identifes an operating or maintenance procedure, practice, condition,or statement, which, if not strictly observed, could result in injury to or death of personnel. CAUTION Identifesanoperatingormaintenanceprocedure,practice,condition,orstatement, which, if not strictly observed, could result in damage to or destruction of equipment or loss of mission effectiveness, or long-term health hazard to personnel.NOTE An essential operating or maintenance procedure, condition, or statement, which must be highlighted. iv U.S. Navy Diving Manual WARNING Voluntary hyperventilation is dangerous and can lead to unconscious-ness and death during breathhold dives. (Page 3-20) WARNING Never do a forceful Valsalva maneuver during descent. A forceful Valsalva maneuver can result in alternobaric vertigo or barotrauma to the inner ear. (Page 3-25) WARNING If decongestants must be used, check with medical personnel trained in diving medicine to obtain medication that will not cause drowsiness and possibly add to symptoms caused by the narcotic effect of nitrogen. (Page 3-25) WARNING Reducing the oxygen partial pressure does not instantaneously reverse the biochemical changes in the central nervous system caused by high oxygen partial pressures. If one of the early symptoms of oxygen toxicity occurs, the diver may still convulse up to a minute or two after being removed from the high oxygen breathing gas. One should not assume that an oxygen convulsion will not occur unless the diver has been off oxygen for 2 or 3 minutes. (Page 3-44) WARNING CPR should not be initiated on a severely hypothermic diver unless it can bedeterminedthatthehearthasstoppedorisinventricularfbrillation.CPR should not be initiated in a patient that is breathing. (Page 3-55) WARNING Do not use a malfunctioning compressor to pump divers breathing air or chargediversairstoragefasksasthismayresultincontaminationofthe divers air supply. (Page 4-11) WARNING Welding or cutting torches may cause an explosion on penetration of gas-flledcompartments,resultinginseriousinjuryordeath.(Page6-22) WARNING SCUBA equipment is not authorized for use in enclosed space diving. (Page 6-27) WARNING These are the minimum personnel levels required. ORM may require these personnel levels be increased so the diving operations can be conducted safely. (Page 6-31) WARNING Skip-breathing may lead to hypercapnia and is prohibited. (Page 7-30) WARNING During ascent, the diver without the mouthpiece must exhale to offset the effect of decreasing pressure on the lungs which could cause an air embolism. (Page 7-36) WARNING Duringenclosedspacediving,alldiversshallbeoutfttedwithaMK21MOD1,KM-37,MK20MOD0,orEXOBRMSthatincludesadiver-to-diverand diver-to-topside communications system and an EGS for the diver inside the space. (Page 8-29)Safety Summary v WARNING For submarine ballast tanks, the divers shall not remove their diving equipmentuntiltheatmospherehasbeenfushedtwicewithairfromacompressed air source meeting the requirements of Chapter 4, or the submarine L.P. blower, and tests confrm that the atmosphere is safefor breathing. Tests of the air in the enclosed space shall be conducted hourly. Testing shall be done in accordance with NSTM 074, Volume 3, GasFreeEngineering(S9086-CH-STM-030/CH-074)forforcesafoat,andNAVSEA-S-6470-AA-SAF-010 for shore-based facilities. If the divers smell any unusal odors they shall immediately don their EGS. (Page 8-29) WARNING If the diving equipment should fail, the diver shall immediately switch to the EGS and abort the dive. (Page 8-29) WARNING If job conditions call for using a steel cable or a chain as a descent line, theDivingOffcermustapprovesuchuse.(Page8-32) WARNING The interval from leaving 40 fsw in the water to arriving at 50 fsw in the chamber cannot exceed 5 minutes without incurring a penalty. (See paragraph 9-12.6.) (Page 9-16) WARNING These procedures cannot be used to make repetitive dives on air following MK16helium-oxygendives.(Page9-29) WARNING Table 9-4 cannot be used when diving with equipment that maintains a constantpartialpressureofoxygensuchastheMK16MOD0andtheMK16 MOD 1. Consult NAVSEA 00C for specifc guidance when diving theMK16ataltitudesgreaterthan1000feet.(Page9-47) WARNING Altitudes above 10,000 feet can impose serious stress on the body resulting insignifcantmedicalproblemswhiletheacclimatizationprocesstakesplace. Ascents to these altitudes must be slow to allow acclimatization to occur and prophylactic drugs may be required to prevent the oocurrence of altitude sickness. These exposures should always be planned in consultationwithaDivingMedicalOffcer.Commandsconductingdivingoperations above 10,000 feet may obtain the appropriate decompression procedures from NAVSEA 00C. (Page 9-50) WARNING Mixing contaminated or non-oil free air with 100% oxygen can result in a catastrophicfreandexplosion.(Page10-10) WARNING The interval from leaving 40-fsw in the water to arriving at 50-fsw in the chamber cannot exceed 5 minutes without incurring a penalty. (See paragraph 14-4.14.) (Page 14-6) WARNING TheMK16MOD0UBAprovidesnovisualwarningofexcessCO2 problems. The diver should be aware of CO2 toxicity symptoms. (Page 17-5) WARNING Failure to adhere to these guidelines could result in serious injury or death. (Page 17-15) vi U.S. Navy Diving Manual WARNING No repetitive dives are authorized after an emergency procedure requiring a shift to the EBS. (Page 17-19) WARNING Hypoxia and hypercapnia may give the diver little or no warning prior to onset of unconsciousness. (Page 17-30) WARNING Failure to adhere to these guidelines could result in serious injury or death. (Page 18-14) WARNING Hypoxia and hypercapnia may give the diver little or no warning prior to onset of unconsciousness. (Page 18-26) WARNING The MK 25 does not have a carbon dioxide-monitoring capability.Failure to adhere to canister duration operations planning could lead to unconsciousness and/or death. (Page 19-19) WARNING Drug therapy shall be administered only after consultation with a Diving MedicalOffcerbyqualifedinsidetendersadequatelytrainedandcapableof administering prescribed medications. (Page 20-30) WARNING The gag valve must remain open at all times. Close only if relief valve fails. (Page 21-20) WARNING This procedure is to be performed with an unmanned chamber to avoid exposing occupants to unnecessary risks. (Page 21-21) WARNING Do not exceed maximum pressure rating for the pressure vessel. (Page 21-26) WARNING Fire/Explosion Hazard. No matches, lighters, electrical appliances, or fammablematerialspermittedinchamber.(Page21-30) CAUTION When in doubt, always recompress. (Page 3-29) CAUTION Do not institute active rewarming with severe cases of hypothermia. (Page 3-55) CAUTION GFIs require an established reference ground in order to function properly. Cascading GFIs could result in loss of reference ground; therefore, GFIs or equipment containing built-in GFIs should not be plugged into an existing GFI circuit. (Page 6-21) CAUTION This checklist is an overview intended for use with the detailed Operating Procedures (OPs) from the appropriate equipment O&M technical manual. (Page 6-50) CAUTION Prior to use of VVDS as a buoyancy compensator, divers must be thoroughly familiar with its use. (Page 7-9)Safety Summary vii CAUTION When diving with a Variable Volume Dry Suit, avoid overinfation andbe aware of the possibility of blowup when breaking loose from mud. It is better to call for aid from the standby diver than to risk blowup. (Page 8-28) CAUTION In very cold water, the wet suit is only a marginally effective thermal protective measure, and its use exposes the diver to hypothermia and restricts available bottom time. The use of alternative thermal protective equipment should be considered in these circumstances. (Page 11-6) CAUTION Prior to the use of variable volume dry suits and hot water suits in cold and ice-covered waters, divers must be trained in their use and be thoroughly familiar with the operation of these suits. (Page 11-6) CAUTION There is an increased risk of CNS oxygen toxicity when diving the MK16 MOD 1 compared to diving the MK 16 MOD 0, especially during thedescent phase of the dive. Diving supervisors and divers should be aware that oxygen partial pressures of 1.6 ata or higher may be temporarily experienced during descent on N2O2 dives deeper than 120 fsw (21% oxygen diluent) and on HeO2 dives deeper than 200 fsw (12% oxygen diluent). Refer to paragraph 18-10.1.1 for information on recognizing and preventing CNS oxygen toxicity. (Page 18-14) CAUTION Defbrillationisnotcurrentlyauthorizedatdepth.(Page20-4) CAUTION If the tender is outside of no-decompression limits, he should not be brought directly to the surface. Either take the decompression stops appropriate to the tender or lock in a new tender and decompress the patient and new tender to the surface in the outerlock, while maintaining the original tender at depth. (Page 20-4) CAUTION Inserting an airway device or bite block is not recommended while the patient is convulsing; it is not only diffcult, but may cause harm ifattempted. (Page 20-24) CAUTION AEDs are not currently approved for use under pressure (hyperbaric environment) due to electrical safety concerns. (Page 20-36) CAUTION Acrylic view-ports should not be lubricated or come in contact with any lubricant. Acrylic view-ports should not come in contact with any volatile detergent or leak detector (non-ionic detergent is to be used for leak test). When reinstalling view-port, take up retaining ring bolts until the gasket just compresses evenly about the view-port. Do not overcompress the gasket. (Page 21-26)PAGELEFTBLANKINTENTIONALLY viii U.S. Navy Diving ManualTable of Contents ixChap/Para PageTable of Contents1 HISTORy OF DIVING1-1 INTRODUCTION 1-11-11 Purpose 1-11-12 Scope 1-11-13 RoleoftheUSNavy 1-11-2 SURFACE-SUPPLIED AIR DIVING 1-11-21 BreathingTubes 1-21-22 BreathingBags 1-31-23 DivingBells 1-31-24 DivingDressDesigns 1-31-241 LethbridgesDivingDress 1-31-242 DeanesPatentedDivingDress 1-41-243 SiebesImprovedDivingDress 1-41-244 SalvageoftheHMSRoyal George 1-51-25 Caissons 1-51-26 PhysiologicalDiscoveries 1-61-261 CaissonDisease(DecompressionSickness)1-61-262 InadequateVentilation 1-71-263 NitrogenNarcosis 1-71-27 ArmoredDivingSuits 1-71-28 MKVDeep-SeaDivingDress 1-81-3 SCUBA DIVING 1-81-31 Open-CircuitSCUBA 1-91-311 RouquayrolsDemandRegulator 1-91-312 LePrieursOpen-CircuitSCUBADesign 1-91-313 CousteauandGagnansAqua-Lung 1-101-314 ImpactofSCUBAonDiving 1-101-32 Closed-CircuitSCUBA 1-101-321 FleussClosed-CircuitSCUBA 1-101-322 ModernClosed-CircuitSystems 1-111-33 HazardsofUsingOxygeninSCUBA 1-111-34 Semiclosed-CircuitSCUBA 1-121-341 LambertsensMixed-GasRebreather 1-121-342 MK6UBA 1-121-35 SCUBAUseDuringWorldWarII 1-131-351 Diver-GuidedTorpedoes 1-131-352 USCombatSwimming 1-141-353 UnderwaterDemolition 1-15 x U.S. Navy Diving ManualVolumes 1 through 5Chap/Para Page1-4 MIxED-GAS DIVING 1-161-41 NonsaturationDiving 1-161-411 Helium-Oxygen(HeO2)Diving 1-161-412 Hydrogen-OxygenDiving 1-181-413 ModernSurface-SuppliedMixed-GasDiving 1-1914.1.4 MK1MOD0DivingOutft 1-201-42 DivingBells 1-201-43 SaturationDiving 1-211-431 AdvantagesofSaturationDiving 1-211-432 BondsSaturationTheory 1-221-433 GenesisProject 1-221-434 DevelopmentalTesting 1-221-435 SealabProgram 1-221-44 DeepDivingSystems(DDS) 1-241-441 ADS-IV 1-251-442 MK1MOD0 1-251-443 MK2MOD0 1-251-444 MK2MOD1 1-261-5 SUBMARINE SALVAGE AND RESCUE 1-261-51 USSF-4 1-261-52 USSS-51 1-271-53 USSS-4 1-271-54 USSSqualus 1-281-55 USSThresher 1-281-56 DeepSubmergenceSystemsProject 1-291-6 SALVAGE DIVING 1-291-61 WorldWarIIEra 1-291-611 PearlHarbor 1-291-612 USS Lafayette 1-291-613 OtherDivingMissions 1-301-62 VietnamEra 1-301-7 OPEN-SEA DEEP DIVING RECORDS 1-301-8 SUMMARy 1-312 UNDERWATER PHySICS2-1 INTRODUCTION 2-12-11 Purpose 2-12-12 Scope 2-12-2 PHySICS 2-1Table of Contents xiChap/Para Page2-3 MATTER 2-12-31 Elements 2-12-32 Atoms 2-12-33 Molecules 2-12-34 TheThreeStatesofMatter 2-22-4 MEASUREMENT 2-22-41 MeasurementSystems 2-22-42 TemperatureMeasurements 2-32-421 KelvinScale 2-32-422 RankineScale 2-32-43 GasMeasurements 2-32-5 ENERGy 2-42-51 ConservationofEnergy2-525.2 ClassifcationsofEnergy 2-52-6 LIGHT ENERGy IN DIVING 2-52-61 Refraction 2-52-62 TurbidityofWater 2-62-63 Diffusion 2-62-64 ColorVisibility 2-62-7 MECHANICAL ENERGy IN DIVING 2-62-71 WaterTemperatureandSound 2-72-72 WaterDepthandSound 2-72-721 DiverWorkandNoise 2-72-722 PressureWaves 2-72-73 UnderwaterExplosions 2-82-731 TypeofExplosiveandSizeoftheCharge 2-82-732 CharacteristicsoftheSeabed 2-82-733 LocationoftheExplosiveCharge2-82-734 WaterDepth 2-82-735 DistancefromtheExplosion2-82-736 DegreeofSubmersionoftheDiver 2-92-737 EstimatingExplosionPressureonaDiver 2-92-738 MinimizingtheEffectsofanExplosion 2-102-8 HEAT ENERGy IN DIVING 2-102-81 Conduction,Convection,andRadiation 2-102-82 HeatTransferRate 2-102-83 DiverBodyTemperature 2-11 xii U.S. Navy Diving ManualVolumes 1 through 5Chap/Para Page2-9 PRESSURE IN DIVING 2-112-91 AtmosphericPressure 2-122-92 TermsUsedtoDescribeGasPressure 2-122-93 HydrostaticPressure 2-122-94 Buoyancy 2-132-941 ArchimedesPrinciple 2-132-942 DiverBuoyancy 2-132-10 GASES IN DIVING 2-142-101 AtmosphericAir 2-142-102 Oxygen 2-152-103 Nitrogen 2-152-104 Helium 2-152-105 Hydrogen 2-152-106 Neon 2-152-107 CarbonDioxide 2-162-108 CarbonMonoxide 2-162-109 KineticTheoryofGases 2-162-11 GAS LAWS 2-172-111 BoylesLaw 2-172-112 Charles/Gay-LussacsLaw 2-182-113 TheGeneralGasLaw 2-212-12 GAS MIxTURES 2-242-121 DaltonsLaw 2-242-1211 ExpressingSmallQuantitiesofPressure 2-262-1212 CalculatingSurfaceEquivalentValue 2-272-122 GasDiffusion 2-272-123 Humidity 2-272-124 GasesinLiquids 2-282-125 Solubility 2-282-126 HenrysLaw 2-282-1261 GasTension 2-282-1262 GasAbsorption 2-282-1263 GasSolubility 2-293 UNDERWATER PHySIOLOGy AND DIVING DISORDERS 3-1 INTRODUCTION 3-13-11 Purpose 3-13-12 Scope 3-13-13 General 3-1Table of Contents xiiiChap/Para Page3-2 THE NERVOUS SySTEM 3-13-3 THE CIRCULATORy SySTEM 3-23-31 Anatomy 3-23-311 TheHeart 3-23-312 ThePulmonaryandSystemicCircuits 3-23-32 CirculatoryFunction 3-23-33 BloodComponents 3-33-4 THE RESPIRATORy SySTEM 3-53-41 GasExchange3-53-42 RespirationPhases 3-53-43 UpperandLowerRespiratoryTract 3-63-44 TheRespiratoryApparatus 3-63-441 TheChestCavity 3-63-442 TheLungs 3-634.5 RespiratoryTractVentilationDefnitions 3-83-46 Alveolar/CapillaryGasExchange 3-93-47 BreathingControl 3-103-48 OxygenConsumption 3-113-5 RESPIRATORy PROBLEMS IN DIVING. 3-1135.1 OxygenDefciency(Hypoxia) 3-123-511 CausesofHypoxia 3-133-512 SymptomsofHypoxia 3-133-513 TreatmentofHypoxia 3-143-514 PreventionofHypoxia 3-143-52 CarbonDioxideRetention(Hypercapnia) 3-153-521 CausesofHypercapnia 3-153-522 SymptomsofHypercapnia 3-163-523 TreatmentofHypercapnia 3-173-524 PreventionofHypercapnia 3-183-53 Asphyxia 3-183-54 Drowning/NearDrowning 3-183-541 CausesofDrowning 3-183-542 SymptomsofDrowning/NearDrowning 3-193-543 TreatmentofNearDrowning 3-193-544 PreventionofNearDrowning 3-193-55 BreathholdingandUnconsciousness 3-193-56 InvoluntaryHyperventilation 3-203-561 CausesofInvoluntaryHyperventilation 3-203-562 SymptomsofInvoluntaryHyperventilation 3-203-563 TreatmentofInvoluntaryHyperventilation 3-203-57 OverbreathingtheRig 3-20 xiv U.S. Navy Diving ManualVolumes 1 through 5Chap/Para Page3-58 CarbonMonoxidePoisoning 3-213-581 CausesofCarbonMonoxidePoisoning 3-213-582 SymptomsofCarbonMonoxidePoisoning 3-213-583 TreatmentofCarbonMonoxidePoisoning 3-223-584 PreventionofCarbonMonoxidePoisoning 3-223-6 MECHANICAL EFFECTS OF PRESSURE ON THE HUMAN BODy-BAROTRAUMA DURING DESCENT 3-223-61 PrerequisitesforSqueeze 3-223-62 MiddleEarSqueeze 3-233-621 PreventingMiddleEarSqueeze 3-243-622 TreatingMiddleEarSqueeze 3-253-63 SinusSqueeze 3-253-631 CausesofSinusSqueeze 3-253-632 PreventingSinusSqueeze 3-253-64 ToothSqueeze(Barodontalgia) 3-263-65 ExternalEarSqueeze 3-263-66 Thoracic(Lung)Squeeze 3-263-67 FaceorBodySqueeze 3-273-68 InnerEarBarotrauma 3-273-7 MECHANICAL EFFECTS OF PRESSURE ON THE HUMAN BODy--BAROTRAUMA DURING ASCENT 3-303-71 MiddleEarOverpressure(ReverseMiddleEarSqueeze) 3-303-72 SinusOverpressure(ReverseSinusSqueeze) 3-313-73 GastrointestinalDistention 3-313-8 PULMONARy OVERINFLATION SyNDROMES 3-323-81 ArterialGasEmbolism(AGE) 3-333-811 CausesofAGE 3-333-812 SymptomsofAGE 3-343-813 TreatmentofAGE 3-343-814 PreventionofAGE 3-353-82 MediastinalandSubcutaneousEmphysema 3-353-821 CausesofMediastinalandSubcutaneousEmphysema 3-353-822 SymptomsofMediastinalandSubcutaneousEmphysema 3-363-823 TreatmentofMediastinalandSubcutaneousEmphysema 3-363-824 PreventionofMediastinalandSubcutaneousEmphysema 3-373-83 Pneumothorax 3-373-831 CausesofPneumothorax 3-373-832 SymptomsofPneumothorax 3-383-833 TreatmentofPneumothorax 3-393-834 PreventionofPneumothorax 3-40Table of Contents xvChap/Para Page3-9 INDIRECT EFFECTS OF PRESSURE ON THE HUMAN BODy 3-403-91 NitrogenNarcosis 3-403-911 CausesofNitrogenNarcosis 3-403-912 SymptomsofNitrogenNarcosis 3-403-913 TreatmentofNitrogenNarcosis 3-413-914 PreventionofNitrogenNarcosis 3-413-92 OxygenToxicity 3-413-921 PulmonaryOxygenToxicity 3-413-922 CentralNervousSystem(CNS)OxygenToxicity 3-423-93 DecompressionSickness(DCS) 3-453-931 AbsorptionandEliminationofInertGases 3-453-932 BubbleFormation 3-493-933 DirectBubbleEffects 3-503-934 IndirectBubbleEffects 3-503-935 SymptomsofDecompressionSickness 3-513-936 TreatingDecompressionSickness 3-523-937 PreventingDecompressionSickness 3-523-10 THERMAL PROBLEMS IN DIVING 3-523-101 RegulatingBodyTemperature 3-523-102 ExcessiveHeatLoss(Hypothermia) 3-533-1021 CausesofHypothermia 3-533-1022 SymptomsofHypothermia 3-533-1023 TreatmentofHypothermia 3-543-1024 PreventionofHypothermia 3-553-103 OtherPhysiologicalEffectsofExposuretoColdWater 3-563-1031 CaloricVertigo 3-56310.3.2 DivingRefex 3-563-1033 UncontrolledHyperventilation 3-563-104 ExcessiveHeatGain(Hyperthermia) 3-563-1041 CausesofHyperthermia 3-563-1042 SymptomsofHyperthermia 3-563-1043 TreatmentofHyperthermia 3-573-1044 PreventionofHyperthermia 3-573-11 SPECIAL MEDICAL PROBLEMS ASSOCIATED WITH DEEP DIVING 3-583-111 HighPressureNervousSyndrome(HPNS) 3-583-112 CompressionArthralgia 3-583-12 OTHER DIVING MEDICAL PROBLEMS 3-593-121 Dehydration 3-593-1211 CausesofDehydration 3-593-1212 PreventingDehydration 3-593-122 ImmersionPulmonaryEdema 3-60312.3 CarotidSinusRefex 3-60 xvi U.S. Navy Diving ManualVolumes 1 through 5Chap/Para Page3-124 MiddleEarOxygenAbsorptionSyndrome 3-603-1241 SymptomsofMiddleEarOxygenAbsorptionSyndrome 3-603-1242 TreatingMiddleEarOxygenAbsorptionSyndrome 3-613-125 UnderwaterTrauma 3-613-126 BlastInjury 3-613-127 OtitisExterna 3-623-128 Hypoglycemia 3-634 DIVE SySTEMS4-1 INTRODUCTION 4-14-11 Purpose 4-14-12 Scope 4-14-2 GENERAL INFORMATION 4-14-21 DocumentPrecedence 4-14-22 EquipmentAuthorizedForNavyUse(ANU) 4-142.3 SystemCertifcationAuthority(SCA) 4-14-24 PlannedMaintenanceSystem 4-24-25 AlterationofDivingEquipment 4-24-251 TechnicalProgramManagersforShore-BasedSystems4-24-252 TechnicalProgramManagersforOtherDivingApparatus 4-24-26 OperatingandEmergencyProcedures 4-24-261 StandardizedOP/EPs 4-24-262 Non-standardizedOP/EPs 4-24-263 OP/EPApprovalProcess 4-34-264 Format 4-34-265 Example 4-44-3 DIVERS BREATHING GAS PURITy STANDARDS 4-44-31 DiversBreathingAir 4-44-32 DiversBreathingOxygen 4-54-33 DiversBreathingHelium 4-64-34 DiversBreathingNitrogen 4-64-4 DIVERS AIR SAMPLING PROGRAM 4-74-41 MaintenanceRequirements 4-74-42 GeneralAirSamplingProcedures 4-84-43 NSWC-PCAirSamplingServices 4-94-44 LocalAirSamplingServices 4-10Table of Contents xviiChap/Para Page4-5 DIVING COMPRESSORS 4-104-51 EquipmentRequirements 4-104-52 AirFiltrationSystem 4-104-53 Lubrication 4-104-6 DIVING GAUGES 4-114-61 SelectingDivingSystemGauges 4-114-62 CalibratingandMaintainingGauges 4-124-63 HelicalBourdonTubeGauges 4-124-7 COMPRESSED GAS HANDLING AND STORAGE 4-135 DIVE PROGRAM ADMINISTRATION5-1 INTRODUCTION 5-15-11 Purpose 5-15-12 Scope 5-15-2 OBJECTIVESOFTHERECORDKEEPINGANDREPORTINGSYSTEM 5-15-3 RECORDKEEPINGANDREPORTINGDOCUMENTS 5-15-4 COMMAND SMOOTH DIVING LOG 5-25-5 RECOMPRESSION CHAMBER LOG 5-75-6 DIVERS PERSONAL DIVE LOG 5-105-7 DIVING MISHAP/CASUALTy REPORTING 5-105-8 EQUIPMENT FAILURE OR DEFICIENCy REPORTING 5-105-9 U.S. NAVy DIVE REPORTING SySTEM (DRS) 5-115-10 ACCIDENT/INCIDENT EQUIPMENT INVESTIGATION REQUIREMENTS 5-115-11 REPORTING CRITERIA 5-125-12 ACTIONS REQUIRED 5-12512.1 TechnicalManualDefciency/EvaluationReport 5-135-122 ShipmentofEquipment 5-131A SAFE DIVING DISTANCES FROM TRANSMITTING SONAR1A-1 INTRODUCTION 1A-11A-2 BACKGROUND 1A-1 xviii U.S. Navy Diving ManualVolumes 1 through 5Chap/Para Page1A-3 ACTION 1A-21A-4 SONARDIVINGDISTANCESWORKSHEETSWITHDIRECTIONSFORUSE 1A-21A-41 GeneralInformation/Introduction 1A-21A-411 EffectsofExposure 1A-21A-412 SuitandHoodCharacteristics 1A-21A-413 In-WaterHearingvsIn-GasHearing 1A-21A-42 DirectionsforCompletingtheSonarDivingDistancesWorksheet 1A-31A-5 GUIDANCE FOR DIVER ExPOSURE TO LOW-FREQUENCy SONAR (160320 Hz) 1A-161A-6 GUIDANCE FOR DIVER ExPOSURE TO ULTRASONIC SONAR (250KHzANDGREATER) 1A-161B REFERENCES 1B-11C TELEPHONE NUMBERS 1C-11D LIST OF ACRONyMS 1D-16 OPERATIONALPLANNINGANDRISKMANAGEMENT6-1 INTRODUCTION 6-16-11 Purpose 6-16-12 Scope 6-16-2 MISSIONOBJECTIVEANDOPERATIONALTASKS 6-16-21 UnderwaterShipHusbandry(UWSH) 6-16-211 ObjectiveofUWSHOperations 6-26-212 RepairRequirements 6-262.1.3 DiverTrainingandQualifcationRequirements 6-26-214 TrainingProgramRequirements 6-36-215 AscentTrainingandOperations 6-36-22 Salvage/ObjectRecovery 6-36-23 SearchMissions 6-36-24 ExplosiveOrdnanceDisposal 6-36-25 SecuritySwims 6-36-26 UnderwaterConstruction 6-462.6.1 DiverTrainingandQualifcationRequirements 6-56-262 EquipmentRequirements 6-56-263 UnderwaterConstructionPlanningResources 6-56-27 DemolitionMissions 6-56-28 CombatSwimmerMissions 6-56-29 EnclosedSpaceDiving 6-5Table of Contents xixChap/Para Page6-3 GENERAL PLANNING AND ORM PROCESS 6-66-31 ConceptofORM 6-66-32 RiskManagementTerms 6-66-33 ORMProcess 6-76-4 COLLECT AND ANALyzE DATA 6-86-41 InformationGathering 6-86-42 PlanningData 6-86-43 ObjectRecovery 6-86-431 SearchingforObjectsorUnderwaterSites 6-86-44 DataRequiredforAllDivingOperations 6-96-441 SurfaceConditions 6-96-442 Depth 6-136-443 TypeofBottom 6-136-444 TidesandCurrents 6-136-5 IDENTIFy OPERATIONAL HAzARDS 6-156-51 UnderwaterVisibility 6-166-52 Temperature 6-166-53 WarmWaterDiving 6-176-531 OperationalGuidelinesandSafetyPrecautions 6-176-532 MissionPlanningFactors 6-196-54 ContaminatedWater 6-196-55 ChemicalContamination 6-206-56 BiologicalContamination 6-206-57 AltitudeDiving 6-206-58 UnderwaterObstacles 6-206-59 ElectricalShockHazards 6-206-591 ReducingElectricalShockHazards 6-216-592 SecuringElectricalEquipment 6-216-510 Explosions 6-226-511 Sonar 6-226-512 NuclearRadiation 6-226-513 MarineLife 6-2265.14 VesselsandSmallBoatTraffc 6-226-515 TerritorialWaters 6-246-516 EmergencyEquipment 6-246-6 SELECT DIVING TECHNIQUE 6-246-61 FactorstoConsiderwhenSelectingtheDivingTechnique 6-246-62 BreathholdDivingRestrictions 6-27 xx U.S. Navy Diving ManualVolumes 1 through 5Chap/Para Page6-63 OperationalCharacteristicsofSCUBA 6-276-631 Mobility 6-276-632 Buoyancy 6-276-633 Portability 6-276-634 OperationalLimitations 6-276-635 EnvironmentalProtection 6-286-64 OperationalCharacteristicsofSSDS 6-286-641 Mobility 6-286-642 Buoyancy 6-286-643 OperationalLimitations 6-286-644 EnvironmentalProtection 6-286-7 SELECT EQUIPMENT AND SUPPLIES 6-286-71 EquipmentAuthorizedforNavyUse 6-286-72 AirSupply 6-286-73 DivingCraftandPlatforms 6-296-74 Deep-SeaSalvage/RescueDivingPlatforms 6-296-75 SmallCraft 6-296-8 SELECT AND ASSEMBLE THE DIVING TEAM 6-306-81 ManningLevels 6-3068.2 CommandingOffcer 6-3268.3 CommandDivingOffcer 6-3268.4 WatchstationDivingOffcer 6-326-85 MasterDiver 6-326-851 MasterDiverResponsibilities 6-3268.5.2 MasterDiverQualifcations 6-336-86 DivingSupervisor 6-336-861 Pre-diveResponsibilities 6-336-862 ResponsibilitiesWhileOperationisUnderway 6-336-863 Post-diveResponsibilities 6-3368.6.4 DivingSupervisorQualifcations 6-346-87 DivingMedicalOffcer 6-346-88 DivingPersonnel 6-346-881 DivingPersonnelResponsibilities 6-3468.8.2 DivingPersonnelQualifcations 6-346-883 StandbyDiver 6-356-884 BuddyDiver 6-366-885 DiverTender 6-366-886 Recorder 6-366-887 MedicalPersonnel 6-366-888 OtherSupportPersonnel 6-376-889 Cross-TrainingandSubstitution 6-376-8810 PhysicalCondition 6-376-8811 UnderwaterSalvageorConstructionDemolitionPersonnel 6-38Table of Contents xxiChap/Para Page6-8812 BlastingPlan 6-386-8813 ExplosiveHandlers 6-386-89 OSHARequirementsforUSNavyCivilianDiving 6-386-891 SCUBADiving(Air)Restriction 6-396-892 SurfaceSuppliedAirDivingRestrictions 6-396-893 MixedGasDivingRestrictions 6-396-894 RecompressionChamberRequirements 6-406-9 ORGANIzE AND SCHEDULE OPERATIONS 6-406-91 TaskPlanningandScheduling 6-406-92 Post-diveTasks 6-406-10 BRIEF THE DIVING TEAM 6-416-101 EstablishMissionObjective 6-416-102 IdentifyTasksandProcedures 6-416-103 ReviewDivingProcedures 6-416-104 AssignmentofPersonnel 6-416-105 AssistanceandEmergencies 6-42610.6 NotifcationofShipsPersonnel 6-426-107 FoulingandEntrapment 6-426-108 EquipmentFailure 6-436-1081 LossofGasSupply 6-436-1082 LossofCommunications 6-436-109 LostDiver 6-54610.10 DebriefngtheDivingTeam 6-546-11 AIR DIVING EQUIPMENT REFERENCE DATA 6-547 SCUBA AIR DIVING OPERATIONS7-1 INTRODUCTION 7-17-11 Purpose 7-17-12 Scope 7-17-2 REQUIRED EQUIPMENT FOR SCUBA OPERATIONS 7-17-21 EquipmentAuthorizedforNavyUse 7-27-22 Open-CircuitSCUBA 7-27-221 DemandRegulatorAssembly 7-27-222 Cylinders 7-47-223 CylinderValvesandManifoldAssemblies 7-67-224 BackpackorHarness 7-77-23 MinimumEquipment 7-77-231 FaceMask 7-77-232 LifePreserver 7-8 xxii U.S. Navy Diving ManualVolumes 1 through 5Chap/Para Page7-233 BuoyancyCompensator 7-87-234 WeightBelt 7-97-235 Knife 7-97-236 SwimFins 7-107-237 WristWatch 7-107-238 DepthGauge 7-107-3 OPTIONAL EQUIPMENT FOR SCUBA OPERATIONS 7-107-31 ProtectiveClothing 7-117-311 WetSuits 7-117-312 DrySuits 7-117-313 Gloves 7-127-314 WritingSlate 7-127-315 SignalFlare 7-127-316 AcousticBeacons 7-137-317 LinesandFloats 7-137-318 Snorkel 7-137-319 Compass 7-137-3110 SubmersibleCylinderPressureGauge 7-147-4 AIR SUPPLy 7-147-41 DurationofAirSupply 7-147-42 CompressedAirfromCommercialSources 7-167-43 MethodsforChargingSCUBACylinders 7-167-44 OperatingProceduresforChargingSCUBATanks 7-177-441 ToppingofftheSCUBACylinder 7-197-45 SafetyPrecautionsforChargingandHandlingCylinders 7-197-5 PREDIVE PROCEDURES 7-207-51 EquipmentPreparation 7-207-511 AirCylinders 7-217-512 HarnessStrapsandBackpack 7-217-513 BreathingHoses 7-217-514 Regulator 7-217-515 LifePreserver/BuoyancyCompensator(BC) 7-227-516 FaceMask 7-227-517 SwimFins 7-227-518 DiveKnife 7-237-519 Snorkel 7-237-5110 WeightBelt 7-237-5111 SubmersibleWristWatch 7-237-5112 DepthGaugeandCompass 7-237-5113 MiscellaneousEquipment 7-237-52 DiverPreparationandBrief 7-237-53 DonningGear 7-247-54 PrediveInspection 7-25Table of Contents xxiiiChap/Para Page7-6 WATER ENTRy AND DESCENT 7-267-61 WaterEntry 7-267-611 Step-InMethod 7-267-612 RearRollMethod 7-267-613 EnteringtheWaterfromtheBeach7-287-62 Pre-descentSurfaceCheck 7-287-63 SurfaceSwimming 7-297-64 Descent 7-297-7 UNDERWATER PROCEDURES 7-297-71 BreathingTechnique 7-297-72 MaskClearing 7-307-73 HoseandMouthpieceClearing 7-307-74 SwimmingTechnique 7-307-75 DiverCommunications 7-317-751 Through-WaterCommunicationSystems 7-317-752 HandandLine-PullSignals 7-317-76 BuddyDiverResponsibilities 7-327-77 BuddyBreathingProcedure 7-327-78 Tending 7-367-781 TendingwithaSurfaceorBuddyLine 7-367-782 TendingwithNoSurfaceLine 7-367-79 WorkingwithTools 7-367-710 AdaptingtoUnderwaterConditions 7-377-8 ASCENT PROCEDURES 7-377-81 EmergencyFree-AscentProcedures 7-387-82 AscentFromUnderaVessel 7-387-83 Decompression 7-397-84 SurfacingandLeavingtheWater 7-407-9 POSTDIVE PROCEDURES 7-408 SURFACE SUPPLIED AIR DIVING OPERATIONS8-1 INTRODUCTION 8-18-11 Purpose 8-18-12 Scope 8-18-2 MK21MOD1,KM-37 8-18-21 OperationandMaintenance 8-18-22 AirSupply 8-28-221 EmergencyGasSupplyRequirements 8-2 xxiv U.S. Navy Diving ManualVolumes 1 through 5Chap/Para Page8-222 FlowRequirements 8-38-223 PressureRequirements 8-48-3 MK20MOD0 8-78-31 OperationandMaintenance 8-78-32 AirSupply 8-78-321 EGSRequirementsforMK20MOD0Enclosed-SpaceDiving 8-78-322 EGSRequirementsforMK20MOD0OpenWaterDiving 8-88-323 FlowRequirements 8-88-4 ExO BR MS 8-88-41 EXOBRMS 8-88-42 OperationsandMaintenance 8-88-43 AirSupply 8-88-44 EGSRequirementsforEXOBRMS 8-88-45 FlowandPressureRequirements 8-98-5 PORTABLE SURFACE-SUPPLIED DIVING SySTEMS 8-98-51 MK3MOD0LightweightDiveSystem(LWDS) 8-985.1.1 MK3MOD0Confguration1 8-985.1.2 MK3MOD0Confguration2 8-1085.1.3 MK3MOD0Confguration3 8-108-52 MK3MOD1LightweightDiveSystem 8-108-53 ROPERDivingCart 8-108-54 FlyawayDiveSystem(FADS)III 8-138-55 OxygenRegulatorConsoleAssembly(ORCA) 8-138-6 ACCESSORy EQUIPMENT FOR SURFACE-SUPPLIED DIVING 8-158-7 SURFACE AIR SUPPLy SySTEMS 8-168-71 RequirementsforAirSupply 8-168-711 AirPurityStandards 8-168-712 AirSupplyFlowRequirements 8-168-713 SupplyPressureRequirements 8-168-714 WaterVaporControl 8-178-715 StandbyDiverAirRequirements 8-178-72 PrimaryandSecondaryAirSupply 8-178-721 RequirementsforOperatingProceduresandEmergencyProcedures 8-188-722 AirCompressors 8-188-723 High-PressureAirCylindersandFlasks 8-218-8 DIVER COMMUNICATIONS 8-228-81 DiverIntercommunicationSystems 8-228-82 Line-PullSignals 8-23Table of Contents xxvChap/Para Page8-9 PREDIVE PROCEDURES 8-248-91 PrediveChecklist 8-248-92 DivingStationPreparation 8-258-93 AirSupplyPreparation 8-258-94 LinePreparation 8-258-95 RecompressionChamberInspectionandPreparation 8-258-96 PrediveInspection 8-258-97 DonningGear 8-258-98 DivingSupervisorPrediveChecklist 8-258-10 WATER ENTRy AND DESCENT 8-258-101 PredescentSurfaceCheck 8-268-102 Descent 8-268-11 UNDERWATER PROCEDURES 8-278-111 AdaptingtoUnderwaterConditions 8-278-112 MovementontheBottom 8-278-113 SearchingontheBottom 8-288-114 EnclosedSpaceDiving 8-298-1141 EnclosedSpaceHazards 8-298-1142 EnclosedSpaceSafetyPrecautions 8-298-115 WorkingAroundCorners 8-298-116 WorkingInsideaWreck 8-308-117 WorkingWithorNearLinesorMoorings 8-308-118 BottomChecks 8-308-119 JobSiteProcedures 8-308-1191 UnderwaterShipHusbandryProcedures 8-318-1192 WorkingwithTools 8-318-1110 SafetyProcedures 8-318-11101 FouledUmbilicalLines 8-328-11102 FouledDescentLines 8-328-11103 Falling 8-328-11104 DamagetoHelmetandDivingDress 8-328-1111 TendingtheDiver 8-328-1112 MonitoringtheDiversMovements 8-338-12 ASCENT PROCEDURES 8-348-13 SURFACE DECOMPRESSION 8-358-131 DisadvantagesofIn-WaterDecompression 8-358-132 TransferringaDivertotheChamber 8-35 xxvi U.S. Navy Diving ManualVolumes 1 through 5Chap/Para Page8-14 POSTDIVE PROCEDURES 8-358-141 PersonnelandReporting 8-358-142 Equipment 8-369 AIR DECOMPRESSION9-1 INTRODUCTION 9-19-11 Purpose 9-19-12 Scope 9-19-2 THEORy OF DECOMPRESSION 9-19-3 AIR DECOMPRESSION DEFINITIONS 9-29-31 DescentTime 9-29-32 BottomTime 9-29-33 TotalDecompressionTime 9-29-34 TotalTimeofDive 9-29-35 DeepestDepth 9-29-36 MaximumDepth 9-29-37 StageDepth 9-29-38 DecompressionTable 9-39-39 DecompressionSchedule 9-39-310 DecompressionStop 9-39-311 No-Decompression(NoD)Limit 9-39-312 No-DecompressionDive 9-39-313 DecompressionDive 9-39-314 SurfaceInterval 9-39-315 ResidualNitrogen 9-39-316 SingleDive 9-39-317 RepetitiveDive 9-39-318 RepetitiveGroupDesignator 9-39-319 ResidualNitrogenTime 9-39-320 EquivalentSingleDive 9-49-321 EquivalentSingleDiveTime 9-49-322 SurfaceDecompression 9-49-323 ExceptionalExposureDive 9-49-4 DIVE CHARTING AND RECORDING 9-49-5 THE AIR DECOMPRESSION TABLES 9-6Table of Contents xxviiChap/Para Page9-6 GENERAL RULES FOR THE USE OF AIR DECOMPRESSION TABLES 9-79-61 SelectingtheDecompressionSchedule 9-79-62 DescentRate 9-79-63 AscentRate 9-79-64 DecompressionStopTime 9-79-65 LastWaterStop 9-89-66 EligibilityforSurfaceDecompression 9-89-7 NO-DECOMPRESSION LIMITS AND REPETITIVE GROUP DESIGNATION TABLE FOR NO-DECOMPRESSION AIR DIVES 9-89-71 OptionalShallowWaterNo-DecompressionTable 9-99-8 THE AIR DECOMPRESSION TABLE 9-99-81 In-WaterDecompressiononAir 9-99-82 In-WaterDecompressiononAirandOxygen 9-119-821 ProceduresforShiftingto100%Oxygenat30or20fsw9-119-822 AirBreaksat30and20fsw 9-139-83 SurfaceDecompressiononOxygen(SurDO2) 9-159-831 SurfaceDecompressiononOxygenProcedure 9-159-832 SurfaceDecompressionfrom30and20fsw 9-179-84 SelectionoftheModeofDecompression 9-199-9 REPETITIVE DIVES 9-219-91 RepetitiveDiveProcedure 9-219-92 RNTExceptionRule 9-259-93 RepetitiveAir-MK16Dives 9-299-94 OrderofRepetitiveDives 9-309-10 ExCEPTIONAL ExPOSURE DIVES 9-319-11 VARIATIONS IN RATE OF ASCENT 9-319-111 TravelRateExceeded 9-319-112 EarlyArrivalattheFirstDecompressionStop 9-319-113 DelaysinArrivingattheFirstDecompressionStop 9-329114 DelaysinLeavingaStoporBetweenDecompressionStops 9-329-12 EMERGENCy PROCEDURES 9-359-121 BottomTimeinExcessoftheTable 9-359-122 LossofOxygenSupplyintheWater 9-369-123 ContaminationofOxygenSupplywithAir 9-379-124 CNSOxygenToxicitySymptoms(Non-convulsive)at30or20fswWaterStop 9-379-125 OxygenConvulsionatthe30-or20-fswWaterStop 9-389-126 SurfaceIntervalGreaterthan5Minutes 9-39 xxviii U.S. Navy Diving ManualVolumes 1 through 5Chap/Para Page9-127 DecompressionSicknessDuringtheSurfaceInterval 9-409-128 LossofOxygenSupplyintheChamber 9-419-129 CNSOxygenToxicityintheChamber 9-429-1210 AsymptomaticOmittedDecompression 9-429-12101 No-DecompressionStopsRequired 9-439-12102 OmittedDecompressionStopsat30and20fsw 9-449-12103 OmittedDecompressionStopsDeeperthan30fsw 9-449-1211 DecompressionSicknessintheWater 9-459-12111 DiverRemainingintheWater 9-459-12112 DiverLeavingtheWater 9-469-13 DIVING AT ALTITUDE 9-469-131 AltitudeCorrectionProcedure 9-469-1311 CorrectionofDiveDepth 9-469-1312 CorrectionofDecompressionStopDepth 9-479-132 NeedforCorrection 9-479-133 DepthMeasurementatAltitude 9-479-134 EquilibrationatAltitude 9-499-135 DivingatAltitudeWorksheet 9-509-1351 CorrectionsforDepthofDiveatAltitudeandIn-WaterStops 9-509-1352 CorrectionsforEquilibration 9-529-136 RepetitiveDives 9-539-14 ASCENT TO ALTITUDE AFTER DIVING / FLyING AFTER DIVING 9-5710 NITROGEN-OxyGEN DIVING OPERATIONS10-1 INTRODUCTION 10-110-11 AdvantagesandDisadvantagesofNITROXDiving 10-110-2 EQUIVALENT AIR DEPTH 10-110-21 EquivalentAirDepthCalculation 10-210-3 OxyGEN TOxICITy 10-210-31 SelectingtheProperNITROXMixture 10-310-4 NITROx DIVING PROCEDURES 10-310-41 NITROXDivingUsingEquivalentAirDepths 10-310-42 SCUBAOperations 10-510-43 SpecialProcedures 10-510-44 OmittedDecompression 10-510-45 DivesExceedingtheNormalWorkingLimit 10-510-5 NITROx REPETITIVE DIVING 10-5Table of Contents xxixChap/Para Page10-6 NITROx DIVE CHARTING 10-510-7 FLEET TRAINING FOR NITROx 10-710-8 NITROx DIVING EQUIPMENT 10-710-81 Open-CircuitSCUBASystems 10-710-811 Regulators 10-710-812 Bottles 10-810-82 General 10-810-83 Surface-SuppliedNITROXDiving 10-810-9 EQUIPMENT CLEANLINESS 10-810-10 BREATHING GAS PURITy 10-910-11 NITROx MIxING 10-910-12 NITROx MIxING, BLENDING, AND STORAGE SySTEMS 10-1211 ICE AND COLD WATER DIVING OPERATIONS11-1 INTRODUCTION 11-111-11 Purpose 11-111-12 Scope 11-111-2 OPERATIONS PLANNING 11-111-21 PlanningGuidelines 11-111-22 NavigationalConsiderations 11-111-23 SCUBAConsiderations 11-211-24 SCUBARegulators 11-211-241 SpecialPrecautions 11-311-242 OctopusandRedundantRegulators 11-311-25 LifePreserver 11-311-26 FaceMask 11-411-27 SCUBAEquipment 11-411-28 Surface-SuppliedDivingSystem(SSDS)Considerations 11-411-281 AdvantagesandDisadvantagesofSSDS 11-411-282 EffectofIceConditionsonSSDS 11-511-29 SuitSelection 11-511-291 WetSuits 11-511-292 VariableVolumeDrySuits 11-611-293 ExtremeExposureSuits/HotWaterSuits 11-611-210 Clothing 11-611-211 AncillaryEquipment 11-711-212 DiveSiteShelter 11-7 xxx U.S. Navy Diving ManualVolumes 1 through 5Chap/Para Page11-3 PREDIVE PROCEDURES 11-711-31 PersonnelConsiderations 11-711-32 DiveSiteSelectionConsiderations 11-711-33 Shelter 11-811-34 EntryHole 11-811-35 EscapeHoles 11-811-36 NavigationLines 11-811-37 Lifelines 11-811-38 EquipmentPreparation 11-911-4 UNDERWATER PROCEDURES 11-1011-41 BuddyDiving 11-1011-42 TendingtheDiver 11-1011-43 StandbyDiver 11-1011-5 OPERATING PRECAUTIONS 11-1011-51 GeneralPrecautions 11-1011-52 IceConditions 11-1111-53 DressingPrecautions 11-1111-54 On-SurfacePrecautions 11-1111-55 In-WaterPrecautions 11-1211-56 PostdivePrecautions 11-1211-6 EMERGENCy PROCEDURES 11-1311-61 LostDiver 11-1311-62 SearchingforaLostDiver11-1311-63 Hypothermia 11-1411-7 ADDITIONAL REFERENCES 11-142A OPTIONAL SHALLOW WATER DIVING TABLES2-A11 Introduction 2A-112 MIxED-GAS DIVING THEORy12-1 INTRODUCTION 12-112-11 Purpose 12-112-12 Scope 12-112-2 BOyLES LAW 12-1Table of Contents xxxiChap/Para Page12-3 CHARLES/GAy-LUSSACS LAW 12-412-4 THE GENERAL GAS LAW 12-712-5 DALTONS LAW 12-1112-6 HENRyS LAW 12-1413 MIxED GAS OPERATIONAL PLANNING13-1 INTRODUCTION 13-113-11 Purpose 13-113-12 Scope 13-113-13 AdditionalSourcesofInformation 13-113-14 ComplexityofMixedGasDiving 13-113-15 MedicalConsiderations 13-113-2 ESTABLISHOPERATIONALTASKS 13-213-3 SELECT DIVING METHOD AND EQUIPMENT 13-213-31 MixedGasDivingMethods 13-313-32 MethodConsiderations 13-313-33 Depth 13-413-34 BottomTimeRequirements 13-413-35 Environment 13-413-36 Mobility 13-513-37 EquipmentSelection 13-513-38 OperationalCharacteristics 13-613-39 SupportEquipmentandROVs 13-613-391 TypesofROV 13-613-392 ROVCapabilities 13-613-310 DiversBreathingGasRequirements 13-713-3101 GasConsumptionRates 13-713-3102 SurfaceSuppliedDivingRequirements 13-713-4 SELECTING AND ASSEMBLING THE DIVE TEAM 13-813-41 DiverTraining 13-813-42 PersonnelRequirements 13-813-43 DiverFatigue 13-813-5 BRIEFING THE DIVE TEAM 13-1013-6 FINAL PREPARATIONS AND SAFETy PRECAUTIONS 13-1013-7 RECORDKEEPING 13-11 xxxii U.S. Navy Diving ManualVolumes 1 through 5Chap/Para Page13-8 MIxED GAS DIVING EQUIPMENT 13-1113-81 MinimumRequiredEquipment 13-1113-82 OperationalConsiderations13-1113-83 FlyawayDiveSystemIIIMixedGasSystem(FMGS) 13-1214 SURFACE-SUPPLIED MIxED GAS DIVING PROCEDURES14-1 INTRODUCTION 14-114-11 Purpose 14-114-12 Scope 14-114-2 PLANNING THE OPERATION 14-114-21 DepthandExposureLimits 14-114-22 AscenttoAltitude 14-114-23 WaterTemperature 14-114-24 GasMixtures 14-214-25 EmergencyGasSupply 14-214-3 SURFACE-SUPPLIED HELIUM-OxyGEN DESCENT AND ASCENT PROCEDURES 14-214-31 SelectingtheBottomMix 14-214-32 SelectingtheDecompressionSchedule 14-314-33 TravelRatesandStopTimes 14-314-34 DecompressionBreathingGases 14-314-35 SpecialProceduresforDescentwithLessthan16PercentOxygen 14-414-36 AbortingDiveDuringDescent 14-414-37 ProceduresforShiftingto50PercentHelium/50PercentOxygenat90fsw 14-514-38 ProceduresforShiftingto100PercentOxygenat30fsw 14-514-39 AirBreaksat30and20fsw 14-514-310 Ascentfromthe20-fswWaterStop 14-614-311 SurfaceDecompressiononOxygen(SurDO2) 14-614-312 VariationinRateofAscent 14-714-3121 EarlyArrivalattheFirstStop 14-714-3122 DelaysinArrivingattheFirstStop 14-714-3123 DelaysinLeavingaStoporArrivalattheNextStop 14-814-3124 DelaysinTravelfrom40fswtotheSurfaceforSurfaceDecompression 14-814-4 SURFACE-SUPPLIED HELIUM-OxyGEN EMERGENCy PROCEDURES 14-914-41 BottomTimeinExcessoftheTable 14-914-42 LossofHelium-OxygenSupplyontheBottom 14-914-43 Lossof50PercentOxygenSupplyDuringIn-WaterDecompression 14-1014-44 LossofOxygenSupplyDuringIn-WaterDecompression 14-1014-45 LossofOxygenSupplyintheChamberDuringSurfaceDecompression14-11Table of Contents xxxiiiChap/Para Page14-46 DecompressionGasSupplyContamination 14-1114-47 CNSOxygenToxicitySymptoms(Nonconvulsive)atthe90-60fswWaterStops 14-1214-48 OxygenConvulsionatthe90-60fswWaterStop 14-1214-49 CNSToxicitySymptoms(Nonconvulsive)at50-and40-fswWaterStops 14-1314-410 OxygenConvulsionatthe50-40fswWaterStop 14-1414-411 CNSOxygenToxicitySymptoms(Nonconvulsive)at30-and20-fswWaterStops 14-1514-412 OxygenConvulsionatthe30-and20-fswWaterStop 14-1514-413 OxygenToxicitySymptomsintheChamber 14-1614-414 SurfaceIntervalGreaterthan5Minutes 14-1614-415 AsymptomaticOmittedDecompression 14-1714-4151 OmittedDecompressionStopDeeperThan50fsw 14-1814-416 SymptomaticOmittedDecompression 14-1814-417 LightHeadedorDizzyDiverontheBottom 14-1814-4171 InitialManagement 14-1814-4172 Vertigo 14-1914-418 UnconsciousDiverontheBottom 14-1914-419 DecompressionSicknessintheWater 14-2014-4191 DecompressionSicknessDeeperthan30fsw 14-2114-4192 DecompressionSicknessat30fswandShallower 14-2114-420 DecompressionSicknessDuringtheSurfaceInterval 14-2114-5 CHARTING SURFACE SUPPLIED HELIUM OxyGEN DIVES 14-2214-51 ChartinganHeO2Dive 14-2214-6 DIVING AT ALTITUDE 14-2215 SATURATION DIVING15-1 INTRODUCTION 15-115-11 Purpose 15-115-12 Scope 15-115-2 APPLICATIONS 15-115-3 BASIC COMPONENTS OF A SATURATION DIVE SySTEM 15-115-31 PersonnelTransferCapsule 15-115-311 GasSupplies 15-115-312 PTCPressurization/DepressurizationSystem 15-215-313 PTCLife-SupportSystem 15-315-314 ElectricalSystem 15-315-315 CommunicationsSystem 15-315-316 Strength,Power,andCommunicationsCables(SPCCs) 15-315-317 PTCMainUmbilical 15-315-318 DiverHotWaterSystem 15-3 xxxiv U.S. Navy Diving ManualVolumes 1 through 5Chap/Para Page15-32 DeckDecompressionChamber(DDC) 15-315-321 DDCLife-SupportSystem(LSS) 15-415-322 SanitarySystem 15-415-323 FireSuppressionSystem 15-415-324 MainControlConsole(MCC) 15-415-325 GasSupplyMixingandStorage 15-415-33 PTCHandlingSystems 15-415-331 HandlingSystemCharacteristics 15-515-34 SaturationMixed-GasDivingEquipment 15-515-4 U.S. NAVy SATURATION FACILITIES 15-515-41 NavyExperimentalDivingUnit(NEDU),PanamaCity,FL 15-515-42 NavalSubmarineMedicalResearchLaboratory(NSMRL),NewLondon,CT 15-615-5 INTRODUCTION 15-615-6 THERMAL PROTECTION SySTEM 15-915-61 DiverHeating 15-915-62 InspiredGasHeating 15-915-7 SATURATION DIVING UNDERWATER BREATHING APPARATUS 15-1015-8 UBA GAS USAGE 15-11158.1 SpecifcDives 15-1115-82 EmergencyGasSupplyDuration 15-1215-83 GasComposition 15-1315-9 INTRODUCTION 15-1415-10 OPERATIONAL CONSIDERATIONS 15-1415-101 DiveTeamSelection 15-1415-102 MissionTraining 15-1415-11 SELECTION OF STORAGE DEPTH 15-1415-12 RECORDS 15-1515-121 CommandDivingLog 15-1515-122 MasterProtocol 15-151512.2.1 Modifcations