ditomaso rrs jan 2012.ppt · 2015. 4. 2. · manual chapters: pathways of invasion 1. planning...
TRANSCRIPT
1st Rangeland Research Symposium 1/19/2012
http://rangelandwatersheds.ucdavis.edu 1
Managing weeds to conserve diversity and
productivity
Joe DiTomaso
University of California, Davis
PreventionPrevention
Our first line of defenseOur first line of defense
Prevention BMPs Prevention BMPs Goal: To prevent accidental introduction
and spread of invasive plants
Two Prevention BMP Manuals:
1 for Land Managers1. for Land Managers
2. for Transportation and Utility Corridors
Prevention BMPsPrevention BMPsLand Manager Prevention BMPs
Manual Chapters: Pathways of Invasion
1. Planning & Inventory
2. Project Materials
3. Travel
4. Tool, Equipment & Vehicle Cleaning
5. Clothing, Gear & Boots Cleaning
6. Waste Disposal
Land Manager Prevention BMPs Land Manager Prevention BMPs
Available at:Available at:
www.calwww.cal--ipc.orgipc.org
Impacts on human activitiesLower livestock forage quality and quantityPhysically interfere with grazingCompromise livestock, horse or human healthIncrease cost of managing and producing livestock slow animal weight gainslow animal weight gain reducing the quality of meat, milk, wool, and hides
Impede recreation activitiesReducing land value
1st Rangeland Research Symposium 1/19/2012
http://rangelandwatersheds.ucdavis.edu 2
Impacts on biotic aspects of natural ecosystems
Reduce wildlife forage Alter wildlife habitatLower plant and animal diversity– natives or endangered species
Control options in rangelands Mechanical– Hand pulling, hoeing, weed whips– Tillage– Mowing
Cultural– Grazing– Prescribed burningPrescribed burning– Flaming
Biological – Pathogens– Insects
Chemical Integrated approaches– Combination of techniques– Revegetation + other technique
Consideration of primary long-term land-use objective
Forage production for livestock
Timber production
Preservation of native or endangered plantPreservation of native or endangered plant species
Wildlife habitat development
Water management
Recreational land maintenance
Mechanical Control Strategies
•Tillage or cultivation• Mowing
Mowing
Will select for - low growing annuals - perennials- species that have just
started their life cycle at the mowing timing
- species that have just completed their life cycle at the mowing timing
Tillage
Will select for ruderal annual species
When tillage is conducted too early it can select for other annuals that germinate over a long period
1st Rangeland Research Symposium 1/19/2012
http://rangelandwatersheds.ucdavis.edu 3
Cultural Control Strategies
•Grazing• Prescribed burning
Grazing
End of May grazing
Medusahead coverin summer
Re
lativ
e c
ove
r (%
)
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
Control of medusahead with grazing, Yolo County
0
Spring cover of other species
Time of grazing
Ungrazed Mar, Sep Mar, May, Sep May, Sep Sep
Re
lativ
e c
ove
r (%
)
0
20
40
60
80
100Broadleaf plantsGrasses other thanmedusa-head
Prescribed fire19971996
Bur
ned
0
20
40
60
80
100AVEfat
LOTwra
EROcic
TRIgra
NASpul
BRImin
AIRcar
BROhor
CENsol
BROdia
BROdia
CENsol
EROcic
AVEfat
NASpul
LACser
grass legume forb
p< 0.05
p< 0.1
VICsatCLApur
LATcic
SIDdip
TRImic
EPIfasCLApurLATx
TRIgra
VICvil
BROhor
LACser
LOTwra
BRIminTRImic
1998
Unburned
0 20 40 60 80 100
Bur
ned
0
20
40
60
80
100 1999
Unburned
0 20 40 60 80 100
BROdia
CENsol
TRImic
EROcic
LACser
NASpul
BROhor
NASpul
BROhor
CENsolBROdia
n.s.
native introduced
VULmyuPETnan
LATcic GERdis
AVEfat
LOTwra
TRIgra
BRImin
CLApur
LACser
AVEfatBRImin
Not foundon transect:CLApurEROcicLOTwraTRIgraTRImic
Kyser and DiTomaso. 2002. Weed Science 50, 648
1st Rangeland Research Symposium 1/19/2012
http://rangelandwatersheds.ucdavis.edu 4
Barb goatgrass control burn
% Vegetative cover or index value
Vegetation type Unburned burn
1997 1998 1999 1997 1998 1999
Pre-burnGrasses
barb goatgrass 45 62 63 55 54 0
native perennials 0 0 1 1 9 10
total grasses 127 156 152 116 173 68
DiTomaso et al. 2001. Cal. Ag. 55, 47.
Burning increased the native perennial grass Hordeum brachyantherum 13-fold while controlling barb goatgrass (Aegilops triuncialis)
Vegetative cover in July
60
70
80
Co
ver No burn
1 yr burn
3 yr burn
a a
0
10
20
30
40
50
Per
cen
t V
eget
ativ
e
Yellow starthistle Nassella pulchra
3 yr burn
b
b
a a
Burning for medusahead control in four counties
140
160
ol
After 1 yr burn After 2 yrs burn 1 yr after last treatment
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
% o
f untr
eat
ed c
ontr
o
Fresno Yolo Siskiyou Lassen
Biological Control
• Pathogens• Insects
1st Rangeland Research Symposium 1/19/2012
http://rangelandwatersheds.ucdavis.edu 5
Diorhabda elongata on Tamarix parviflora
Herbicide Application Methods
Broadcast
Directed Backpack sprayer or wick applicator– Backpack sprayer or wick applicator
– Woody plant control• Cut stump
• Stem injection (hack-n-squirt)
• Basal bark
Chemical
Broadcast applications
To achieve selectivity:-use selective herbicide-apply at specific timing
Transline (clopyralid) treated rangeland on right
Untreated Aminopyralid 3 oz/A
1st Rangeland Research Symposium 1/19/2012
http://rangelandwatersheds.ucdavis.edu 6
Effect of treatment timing on coast fiddleneck (Amsinckia menziesii) control in Davis, California
8090
100
2 oz/A 3 oz/A 4 oz/A 5 oz/A Transline 8 oz/A
Milestone
0
1020304050
6070
November December January
**
*
* LSD (P=0.05)
Effect of aminopyralid and clopyralid on grass forage in following year
500
600
m)
2 oz/A 4 oz/A 8 oz/A Transline Untreated
**
0
100
200
300
400
Fo
rag
e w
t (g
/sq
Rosette Bolting
Plant Stage when Treated
***
**
**
*LSD (P=0.05)**LSD (P=0.01)
Directed treatmentsDrizzle Application
Backpack sprayer
Wick applicatorStem applications
Cut stump
Basal barkStem injection (hack-n-squirt)
1st Rangeland Research Symposium 1/19/2012
http://rangelandwatersheds.ucdavis.edu 7
Yellow starthistle cover following two years of control
15
20
25
cove
rYuba County
a
b
0
5
10
Bu
rn/b
urn
Bu
rn/c
lop
yr
Con
trol
Clo
pyr
/bu
rn
Clo
pry
/clo
pyr
Per
cent
y
b bb
ab
a a
bb
cc
cc
c c
Thank you! Questions?