UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT

DISTRICT OF CONNECTICUT

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UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, : CRIMINAL NO.

P l a i n t i f f , :

- v . - :

THE ROYAL BANK OF SCOTLAND PLC :

D e f e n d a n t . :

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DEFERRED PROSECUTION AGREEMENT

D e f e n d a n t , The R o y a l Bank o f S c o t l a n d p i c ("RBS"), b y i t s

u n d e r s i g n e d r e p r e s e n t a t i v e s , p u r s u a n t t o a u t h o r i t y g r a n t e d b y RBS's

B o a r d o f D i r e c t o r s , and t h e U n i t e d S t a t e s D e p a r t m e n t o f J u s t i c e ,

C r i m i n a l D i v i s i o n , F r a u d S e c t i o n and A n t i t r u s t D i v i s i o n ( t o g e t h e r ,

t h e " D e p a r t m e n t " ) , e n t e r i n t o t h i s D e f e r r e d P r o s e c u t i o n Agreement

( t h e " A g r e e m e n t " ) . The t e r m s and c o n d i t i o n s o f t h i s Agreement a r e as

f o l l o w s :

C r i m i n a l I n f o r m a t i o n and A c c e p t a n c e of R e s p o n s i b i l i t y

1 . RBS a c k n o w l e d g e s and a g r e e s t h a t t h e D e p a r t m e n t w i l l f i l e

t h e a t t a c h e d t w o - c o u n t c r i m i n a l I n f o r m a t i o n i n t h e U n i t e d S t a t e s :

D i s t r i c t C o u r t f o r t h e D i s t r i c t o f C o n n e c t i c u t c h a r g i n g RBS w i t h one

c o u n t o f w i r e f r a u d , i n v i o l a t i o n o f T i t l e 18, U n i t e d S t a t e s Code,

S e c t i o n 1343, a n d one c o u n t o f p r i c e - f i x i n g , i n v i o l a t i o n o f t h e

Sherman A c t , T i t l e 15, U n i t e d S t a t e s Code, S e c t i o n 1 . I n so d o i n g ,

RBS: (a) k n o w i n g l y w a i v e s i t s r i g h t t o i n d i c t m e n t on t h e s e c h a r g e s ,

as w e l l as a l l r i g h t s t o a s p e e d y t r i a l p u r s u a n t t o t h e S i x t h

Amendment t o t h e U n i t e d S t a t e s C o n s t i t u t i o n , T i t l e 18, U n i t e d S t a t e s

Code, S e c t i o n 3 1 6 1 , and F e d e r a l R u l e o f C r i m i n a l P r o c e d u r e 4 8 ( b ) ; and

(b) k n o w i n g l y w a i v e s , f o r p u r p o s e s o f t h i s Agreement and any c h a r g e s

b y t h e U n i t e d S t a t e s a r i s i n g o u t o f t h e c o n d u c t d e s c r i b e d i n t h e

a t t a c h e d S t a t e m e n t o f F a c t s , any o b j e c t i o n w i t h r e s p e c t t o v e n u e , and

c o n s e n t s t o t h e f i l i n g o f t h e I n f o r m a t i o n , as p r o v i d e d u n d e r t h e

t e r m s o f t h i s A g r e e m e n t , i n t h e U n i t e d S t a t e s D i s t r i c t C o u r t f o r t h e

D i s t r i c t o f C o n n e c t i c u t .

2. RBS a d m i t s , a c c e p t s , a n d a c k n o w l e d g e s t h a t i t i s

r e s p o n s i b l e u n d e r U n i t e d S t a t e s l a w f o r t h e a c t s o f i t s o f f i c e r s ,

d i r e c t o r s , e m p l o y e e s , and a g e n t s as c h a r g e d i n t h e I n f o r m a t i o n , and

as s e t f o r t h i n t h e S t a t e m e n t o f F a c t s a t t a c h e d h e r e t o as A t t a c h m e n t

A and i n c o r p o r a t e d b y r e f e r e n c e i n t o t h i s A g r e e m e n t , and t h a t t h e

a l l e g a t i o n s d e s c r i b e d i n t h e I n f o r m a t i o n and t h e f a c t s d e s c r i b e d i n

A t t a c h m e n t A a r e t r u e and a c c u r a t e . 1 S h o u l d t h e D e p a r t m e n t p u r s u e t h e

p r o s e c u t i o n t h a t i s d e f e r r e d by t h i s A g r e e m e n t , RBS a g r e e s t h a t i t

1 A l t h o u g h n o t addressed i n Attachment A, t h i s Agreement a l s o encompasses RBS's submiss i o n s f o r t h e a d d i t i o n a l benchmark r a t e s l i s t e d i n Attachment C, w hich i s a l s o i n c o r p o r a t e d i n t o t h i s Agreement. The r a t e s l i s t e d i n A ttachment C a r e t h e focus o f an ongoing i n v e s t i g a t i o n and, f o r t h a t reason, A ttachment C w i l l be h e l d i n c o n f i d e n c e by t h e p a r t i e s t o t h i s Agreement, w i l l n o t be i n c l u d e d i n t h e p u b l i c f i l i n g o f t h i s document, and w i l l n o t be made a v a i l a b l e t o t h e p u b l i c u n l e s s and u n t i l t h e Department o f J u s t i c e , i n i t s s o l e d i s c r e t i o n , determines t h a t such i n f o r m a t i o n can and s h o u l d be d i s c l o s e d .

2

w i l l n e i t h e r c o n t e s t t h e a d m i s s i b i l i t y o f , n o r c o n t r a d i c t , t h e

S t a t e m e n t o f F a c t s i n any s u c h p r o c e e d i n g , i n c l u d i n g a n y g u i l t y p l e a

o r s e n t e n c i n g p r o c e e d i n g . N e i t h e r t h i s A greement n o r t h e c r i m i n a l

I n f o r m a t i o n i s a f i n a l a d j u d i c a t i o n o f t h e m a t t e r s a d d r e s s e d i n s u c h

d o c u m e n t s .

3. The D e p a r t m e n t and RBS f u r t h e r a g r e e t h a t as a t e r m a n d

c o n d i t i o n o f t h i s A g r eement, RBS S e c u r i t i e s J a p a n L i m i t e d w i l l p l e a d

g u i l t y t o one c o u n t o f w i r e f r a u d , i n v i o l a t i o n o f T i t l e 18, U n i t e d

S t a t e s Code, S e c t i o n 1343, i n a c c o r d a n c e w i t h t h e P l e a Agreement t h a t

i s a t t a c h e d as A t t a c h m e n t D, w h i c h i s i n c o r p o r a t e d i n t h i s A g r e e m e n t .

Term of the Agreement

4. T h i s Agreement i s e f f e c t i v e f o r a p e r i o d b e g i n n i n g on t h e

d a t e on w h i c h t h e I n f o r m a t i o n i s f i l e d and e n d i n g t w o (2) y e a r s f r o m

t h a t d a t e ( t h e "Term"), e x c e p t as s e t f o r t h i n P a r a g r a p h 6 b e l o w .

However, RBS a g r e e s t h a t , i n t h e e v e n t t h a t t h e D e p a r t m e n t

d e t e r m i n e s , i n i t s s o l e d i s c r e t i o n , t h a t RBS has k n o w i n g l y v i o l a t e d

any p r o v i s i o n o f t h i s A g r e e m e n t , an e x t e n s i o n o r e x t e n s i o n s o f t h e

t e r m o f t h e Agreement may be i m p o s e d b y t h e D e p a r t m e n t , i n i t s s o l e

d i s c r e t i o n , f o r up t o a t o t a l a d d i t i o n a l t i m e p e r i o d o f one y e a r ,

w i t h o u t p r e j u d i c e t o t h e D e p a r t m e n t ' s r i g h t t o p r o c e e d as p r o v i d e d i n

P a r a g r a p h s 13-16 b e l o w . Any e x t e n s i o n o f t h e Agreement e x t e n d s a l l

t e r m s o f t h i s Agreement f o r an e q u i v a l e n t p e r i o d .

3

R e l e v a n t C o n s i d e r a t i o n s

5. The D e p a r t m e n t e n t e r s i n t o t h i s Agreement b a s e d on t h e

i n d i v i d u a l f a c t s and c i r c u m s t a n c e s p r e s e n t e d b y t h i s case and RBS.

Among t h e f a c t s c o n s i d e r e d were t h e f o l l o w i n g : (a) a f t e r b e i n g

c o n t a c t e d b y r e g u l a t o r y a u t h o r i t i e s a nd t h e D e p a r t m e n t i n c o n n e c t i o n

w i t h i n v e s t i g a t i o n s i n t o a l l e g e d m a n i p u l a t i o n o f LIBOR, RBS c o n d u c t e d

an i n t e r n a l i n v e s t i g a t i o n and d i s c l o s e d t o t h e D e p a r t m e n t m i s c o n d u c t

d e s c r i b e d i n t h e I n f o r m a t i o n a n d S t a t e m e n t o f F a c t s ; (b) RBS has

c o o p e r a t e d w i t h t h e D e p a r t m e n t by, among o t h e r t h i n g s , f a c i l i t a t i n g

t h e i n t e r v i e w s o f c u r r e n t and f o r m e r e m p l o y e e s , i n c l u d i n g f o r e i g n

e m p l o y e e s , and c o l l e c t i n g , a n a l y z i n g , and o r g a n i z i n g v o l u m i n o u s

e v i d e n c e a n d i n f o r m a t i o n f o r t h e D e p a r t m e n t ; (c) RBS has

s i g n i f i c a n t l y e xpanded and enhanced i t s l e g a l and r e g u l a t o r y

c o m p l i a n c e p r o g r a m and has t a k e n e x t e n s i v e s t e p s t o r e m e d i a t e t h e ;

m i s c o n d u c t t h a t i s t h e s u b j e c t o f t h i s i n v e s t i g a t i o n , i n c l u d i n g

t e r m i n a t i n g t h e employment o f i n d i v i d u a l s p r i n c i p a l l y r e s p o n s i b l e f o r

t h e m a n i p u l a t i o n o f LIBOR, i n s t i t u t i n g s y s t e m s a n d c o n t r o l s f o r

r e v i e w o f LIBOR s u b m i s s i o n s t o e n s u r e s u b m i s s i o n s a r e b a s e d on

a p p r o p r i a t e c r i t e r i a , and e s t a b l i s h i n g p o l i c i e s t o e n s u r e t h a t i t s

o f f i c e r s , d i r e c t o r s , e mployees and a g e n t s do n o t e x e r c i s e

i n a p p r o p r i a t e i n f l u e n c e o v e r LIBOR s u b m i s s i o n s ; (d) RBS has a g r e e d t o

c o n t i n u e t o c o o p e r a t e w i t h t h e D e p a r t m e n t ' i n any o n g o i n g

i n v e s t i g a t i o n o f t h e c o n d u c t o f RBS and i t s c u r r e n t and f o r m e r

o f f i c e r s , d i r e c t o r s , e mployees a n d a g e n t s r e l a t i n g t o t h e

m a n i p u l a t i o n o f benchmark r a t e s u b m i s s i o n s as p r o v i d e d i n P a r a g r a p h 6

b e l o w ; (e) t h e p o t e n t i a l c o l l a t e r a l c o n s e q u e n c e s o f p r o c e e d i n g w i t h a

p r o s e c u t i o n ; and ( f ) t h a t a l t h o u g h RBS was n o t t h e f i r s t bank t o

p r o v i d e t h e D e p a r t m e n t w i t h h e l p f u l i n f o r m a t i o n and d i d n o t o b t a i n

l e n i e n c y p u r s u a n t t o t h e A n t i t r u s t D i v i s i o n ' s L e n i e n c y P o l i c y , RBS

p r o v i d e d h i g h l y v a l u a b l e i n f o r m a t i o n t h a t e x p a n d e d and a d v a n c e d t h e

c r i m i n a l i n v e s t i g a t i o n .

6. RBS, i t s p a r e n t company, The R o y a l Bank o f S c o t l a n d Group

p i c , w h i c h i s a f i n a n c i a l h o l d i n g company, a n d a l l s u b s i d i a r i e s o f

RBS's p a r e n t company ( c o l l e c t i v e l y , "The RBS Group o f Companies")

s h a l l c o n t i n u e t o c o o p e r a t e f u l l y w i t h t h e D e p a r t m e n t i n any a n d a l l

m a t t e r s r e l a t i n g t o m a n i p u l a t i o n , a t t e m p t e d m a n i p u l a t i o n , o r

i n t e r b a n k c o o r d i n a t i o n o f benchmark r a t e s u b m i s s i o n s , s u b j e c t t o

a p p l i c a b l e l a w and r e g u l a t i o n s , u n t i l t h e d a t e upon w h i c h a l l

i n v e s t i g a t i o n s and p r o s e c u t i o n s a r i s i n g o u t o f t h e c o n d u c t d e s c r i b e d

i n t h i s A g r e e m e n t a r e c o n c l u d e d , i n c l u d i n g t h e i n v e s t i g a t i o n s o f t h e

m a t t e r s l i s t e d i n A t t a c h m e n t s A a n d C, w h e t h e r o r n o t t h e y a r e

c o n c l u d e d w i t h i n t h e t w o - y e a r t e r m s p e c i f i e d i n P a r a g r a p h 4. A t t h e

r e q u e s t o f t h e D e p a r t m e n t , The RBS Group o f Companies s h a l l a l s o

c o o p e r a t e f u l l y w i t h o t h e r d o m e s t i c o r f o r e i g n l a w e n f o r c e m e n t

a u t h o r i t i e s a n d a g e n c i e s i n any i n v e s t i g a t i o n o f The RBS Group o f

Companies, o r any o f t h e i r p r e s e n t a n d f o r m e r o f f i c e r s , d i r e c t o r s ,

5

e m p l o y e e s , and a g e n t s , o r any o t h e r p a r t y , i n any and a l l m a t t e r s

r e l a t i n g t o m a n i p u l a t i o n , a t t e m p t e d m a n i p u l a t i o n , o r i n t e r b a n k

c o o r d i n a t i o n o f benchmark r a t e s u b m i s s i o n s . The RBS Group o f

Companies a g r e e s t h a t c o o p e r a t i o n s h a l l i n c l u d e , b u t i s n o t l i m i t e d

t o , t h e f o l l o w i n g :

a. The RBS Group o f Companies s h a l l t r u t h f u l l y d i s c l o s e

a l l f a c t u a l i n f o r m a t i o n n o t p r o t e c t e d by a v a l i d c l a i m o f a t t o r n e y -

c l i e n t p r i v i l e g e o r w o r k p r o d u c t d o c t r i n e w i t h r e s p e c t t o i t s

a c t i v i t i e s , and t h o s e o f i t s p r e s e n t and f o r m e r d i r e c t o r s , o f f i c e r s ,

e m p l o y e e s , and a g e n t s c o n c e r n i n g a l l m a t t e r s r e l a t i n g t o

m a n i p u l a t i o n , a t t e m p t e d m a n i p u l a t i o n , o r i n t e r b a n k c o o r d i n a t i o n o f

b e n c h m a r k r a t e s u b m i s s i o n s a b o u t w h i c h The RBS Group o f Companies has

any k n o w l e d g e o r a b o u t w h i c h t h e D e p a r t m e n t may i n q u i r e . T h i s

o b l i g a t i o n o f t r u t h f u l d i s c l o s u r e i n c l u d e s t h e o b l i g a t i o n o f The RBS

Group o f Companies t o p r o v i d e t o t h e D e p a r t m e n t , upon r e q u e s t , any

d o c ument, r e c o r d o r o t h e r t a n g i b l e e v i d e n c e r e l a t i n g t o m a n i p u l a t i o n ,

a t t e m p t e d m a n i p u l a t i o n , o r i n t e r b a n k c o o r d i n a t i o n o f benchmark r a t e

s u b m i s s i o n s a b o u t w h i c h t h e D e p a r t m e n t may i n q u i r e o f The RBS Group

o f Companies.

b. Upon r e q u e s t o f t h e D e p a r t m e n t , w i t h r e s p e c t t o any

i s s u e r e l e v a n t t o i t s i n v e s t i g a t i o n o f m a n i p u l a t i o n , a t t e m p t e d

m a n i p u l a t i o n , o r i n t e r b a n k c o o r d i n a t i o n o f benchmark r a t e s u b m i s s i o n s

i n c o n n e c t i o n w i t h t h e o p e r a t i o n s o f The RBS Group o f Companies, RBS

6

s h a l l d e s i g n a t e k n o w l e d g e a b l e e m p l o y e e s , a g e n t s o r a t t o r n e y s t o

p r o v i d e t o t h e D e p a r t m e n t t h e i n f o r m a t i o n a n d m a t e r i a l s d e s c r i b e d i n

P a r a g r a p h 6 ( a ) above on b e h a l f o f The RBS Group o f Companies. I t i s

f u r t h e r u n d e r s t o o d t h a t The RBS Group o f Companies must a t a l l t i m e s

p r o v i d e c o m p l e t e , t r u t h f u l , and a c c u r a t e i n f o r m a t i o n .

c. W i t h r e s p e c t t o any i s s u e r e l e v a n t t o t h e D e p a r t m e n t ' s

i n v e s t i g a t i o n o f m a n i p u l a t i o n , a t t e m p t e d m a n i p u l a t i o n , o r i n t e r b a n k

c o o r d i n a t i o n o f benchmark r a t e s u b m i s s i o n s i n c o n n e c t i o n w i t h t h e

o p e r a t i o n s o f The RBS Group o f Companies, RBS s h a l l use i t s b e s t

e f f o r t s t o make a v a i l a b l e f o r i n t e r v i e w s o r t e s t i m o n y , as r e q u e s t e d

b y t h e D e p a r t m e n t , p r e s e n t o r f o r m e r o f f i c e r s , d i r e c t o r s , e m p l o y e e s

and a g e n t s o f The RBS Group o f Companies. T h i s o b l i g a t i o n i n c l u d e s ,

b u t i s n o t l i m i t e d t o , s w o r n t e s t i m o n y b e f o r e g r a n d j u r i e s o r i n

t r i a l s , as w e l l as i n t e r v i e w s w i t h l a w e n f o r c e m e n t and r e g u l a t o r y

a u t h o r i t i e s . C o o p e r a t i o n u n d e r t h i s P a r a g r a p h s h a l l i n c l u d e

i d e n t i f i c a t i o n o f w i t n e s s e s who, t o t h e k n o w l e d g e o f The RBS Group o f

Companies, may have m a t e r i a l i n f o r m a t i o n r e g a r d i n g t h e m a t t e r s u n d e r

i n v e s t i g a t i o n .

d. W i t h r e s p e c t t o any i n f o r m a t i o n , t e s t i m o n y , d o c u m e n t s ,

r e c o r d s o r o t h e r t a n g i b l e e v i d e n c e p r o v i d e d t o t h e D e p a r t m e n t

p u r s u a n t t o t h i s A g r e e m e n t , The RBS Group o f Companies c o n s e n t s t o

a n y and a l l d i s c l o s u r e s , s u b j e c t t o a p p l i c a b l e l a w and r e g u l a t i o n s ,

t o o t h e r g o v e r n m e n t a l a u t h o r i t i e s , i n c l u d i n g U n i t e d S t a t e s

7

a u t h o r i t i e s a nd t h o s e o f a f o r e i g n g o v e r n m e n t , o f s u c h m a t e r i a l s as

t h e D e p a r t m e n t , i n i t s s o l e d i s c r e t i o n , s h a l l deem a p p r o p r i a t e .

Payment of Monetary P e n a l t y

7. The D e p a r t m e n t and RBS a g r e e t h a t RBS w i l l p a y a m o n e t a r y

p e n a l t y i n t h e amount o f $150,000,000 t o t h e U n i t e d S t a t e s T r e a s u r y .

RBS must p a y t h i s sum w i t h i n t e n (10) days o f t h e s e n t e n c i n g o f RBS

S e c u r i t i e s J a p a n L i m i t e d , i n c o n n e c t i o n w i t h i t s g u i l t y p l e a and P l e a

A g r e e m e n t a t t a c h e d as A t t a c h m e n t D. The p a r t i e s a g r e e t h a t any

c r i m i n a l p e n a l t i e s t h a t m i g h t be i m p o s e d b y t h e C o u r t o n RBS

S e c u r i t i e s J a p a n L i m i t e d i n c o n n e c t i o n w i t h i t s g u i l t y p l e a and p l e a

a g r e e m e n t w i l l be d e d u c t e d f r o m t h e $15 0-,.-0.6.0, 000 p e n a l t y a g r e e d t o

u n d e r t h i s A g r e e m e n t . RBS and t h e D e p a r t m e n t a g r e e t h a t t h i s f i n e i s

a p p r o p r i a t e g i v e n t h e f a c t s and c i r c u m s t a n c e s o f t h i s c a s e , i n c l u d i n g

RBS's c o o p e r a t i o n , i n t e r n a l i n v e s t i g a t i o n , and r e m e d i a t i o n i n t h i s

m a t t e r . The $150,000,000 p e n a l t y i s f i n a l and s h a l l n o t be r e f u n d e d .

F u r t h e r m o r e , n o t h i n g i n t h i s A greement s h a l l be deemed an agreement

b y t h e D e p a r t m e n t t h a t $150,000,000 i s t h e maximum p e n a l t y t h a t may

be i m p o s e d i n any f u t u r e p r o s e c u t i o n i n t h e e v e n t o f a b r e a c h o f t h i s

A g r e e m e n t , a n d t h e D e p a r t m e n t i s n o t p r e c l u d e d f r o m a r g u i n g i n any

f u t u r e p r o s e c u t i o n t h a t t h e C o u r t s h o u l d i m pose a h i g h e r f i n e ,

a l t h o u g h t h e D e p a r t m e n t a g r e e s t h a t u n d e r t h o s e c i r c u m s t a n c e s , i t

w i l l recommend t o t h e C o u r t t h a t any amount p a i d u n d e r t h i s A g r eement

s h o u l d be o f f s e t a g a i n s t any f i n e t h e C o u r t imposes as p a r t o f a

f u t u r e j u d g m e n t . RBS a c k n o w l e d g e s t h a t no t a x d e d u c t i o n may be

s o u g h t i n t h e U n i t e d S t a t e s , U n i t e d Kingdom, o r e l s e w h e r e i n

c o n n e c t i o n w i t h t h e payment o f a ny p a r t o f t h i s $15 0,000,000 p e n a l t y .

C o n d i t i o n a l R e l e a s e from L i a b i l i t y

8. I n r e t u r n f o r t h e f u l l a nd t r u t h f u l c o o p e r a t i o n o f The RBS

Group o f Companies, and i t s c o m p l i a n c e w i t h t h e o t h e r t e r m s and

c o n d i t i o n s o f t h i s A g r eement, t h e D e p a r t m e n t a g r e e s , s u b j e c t t o

P a r a g r a p h s 13-16 b e l o w , n o t t o use any i n f o r m a t i o n r e l a t e d t o t h e

c o n d u c t d e s c r i b e d i n t h e a t t a c h e d S t a t e m e n t o f F a c t s a g a i n s t The RBS

Group o f Companies, w i t h t h e e x c e p t i o n o f RBS S e c u r i t i e s J a p a n

L i m i t e d , i n any c r i m i n a l o r c i v i l c a s e , e x c e p t : (a) i n a p r o s e c u t i o n

f o r p e r j u r y o r o b s t r u c t i o n o f j u s t i c e ; (b) i n a p r o s e c u t i o n f o r

m a k i n g a f a l s e s t a t e m e n t ; o r (c) i n a p r o s e c u t i o n o r o t h e r p r o c e e d i n g

r e l a t i n g t o a v i o l a t i o n o f any p r o v i s i o n o f T i t l e 26 o f t h e U n i t e d

S t a t e s Code. I n a d d i t i o n , t h e D e p a r t m e n t a g r e e s , e x c e p t as p r o v i d e d

h e r e i n , t h a t i t w i l l n o t b r i n g any c r i m i n a l case a g a i n s t The RBS

Group o f Companies, w i t h t h e e x c e p t i o n o f RBS S e c u r i t i e s J a p a n

L i m i t e d , r e l a t e d t o t h e c o n d u c t o f p r e s e n t a n d f o r m e r o f f i c e r s ,

d i r e c t o r s , e m p l o y e e s , s h a r e h o l d e r s , o r a g e n t s , as d e s c r i b e d i n t h e

a t t a c h e d S t a t e m e n t o f F a c t s o r r e l a t i n g t o i n f o r m a t i o n t h a t The RBS

Group o f Companies d i s c l o s e d t o t h e D e p a r t m e n t p r i o r t o t h e d a t e o n

w h i c h t h i s A greement was s i g n e d , l i m i t e d t o t h e m a n i p u l a t i o n ,

9

a t t e m p t e d m a n i p u l a t i o n , o r i n t e r b a n k c o o r d i n a t i o n o f t h e benchmark

r a t e s i d e n t i f i e d i n A t t a c h m e n t A and A t t a c h m e n t C.

a. T h i s P a r a g r a p h does n o t p r o v i d e any p r o t e c t i o n a g a i n s t

p r o s e c u t i o n f o r c o n d u c t n o t d i s c l o s e d b y The RBS Group o f Companies

t o t h e D e p a r t m e n t p r i o r t o t h e da:te on w h i c h t h i s Agreement was

s i g n e d , n o r does i t p r o v i d e p r o t e c t i o n a g a i n s t p r o s e c u t i o n f o r any

f u t u r e i n v o l v e m e n t b y The RBS Group o f Companies i n c r i m i n a l

a c t i v i t y , i n c l u d i n g any f u t u r e m a n i p u l a t i o n o r a t t e m p t e d m a n i p u l a t i o n

o r i n t e r b a n k c o o r d i n a t i o n o f benchmark r a t e s u b m i s s i o n s .

b. I n a d d i t i o n , t h i s P a r a g r a p h does n o t p r o v i d e any

p r o t e c t i o n a g a i n s t p r o s e c u t i o n o f any p r e s e n t o r f o r m e r o f f i c e r ,

d i r e c t o r , e m ployee, s h a r e h o l d e r o r a g e n t o f The RBS Group o f

Companies.

C o r p o r a t e Compliance Program

9. RBS r e p r e s e n t s t h a t i t has i m p l e m e n t e d and w i l l c o n t i n u e t o

i m p l e m e n t a c o m p l i a n c e p r o g r a m d e s i g n e d t o p r e v e n t and d e t e c t

m a n i p u l a t i o n and i n t e r b a n k c o o r d i n a t i o n o f benchmark r a t e s u b m i s s i o n s

t h r o u g h o u t i t s o p e r a t i o n s i n c l u d i n g t h o s e o f i t s a f f i l i a t e s and

s u b s i d i a r i e s . I m p l e m e n t a t i o n o f t h e s e p o l i c i e s and p r o c e d u r e s s h a l l

n o t be c o n s t r u e d i n any f u t u r e e n f o r c e m e n t p r o c e e d i n g as p r o v i d i n g

i m m u n i t y o r a m n e s t y f o r any c r i m e s n o t d i s c l o s e d t o t h e D e p a r t m e n t as

o f t h e d a t e o f t h i s A greement f o r w h i c h RBS w o u l d o t h e r w i s e be

r e s p o n s i b l e .

10

10. I t i s f u r t h e r u n d e r s t o o d t h a t , as n o t e d above, RBS has

s t r e n g t h e n e d i t s c o m p l i a n c e and i n t e r n a l c o n t r o l s s t a n d a r d s and

p r o c e d u r e s , and t h a t i t w i l l f u r t h e r s t r e n g t h e n them as r e q u i r e d b y

t h e U.S. Commodity F u t u r e s T r a d i n g Commission, t h e U n i t e d Kingdom

F i n a n c i a l S e r v i c e s A u t h o r i t y , and any o t h e r r e g u l a t o r y o r e n f o r c e m e n t

a g e n c i e s t h a t have a d d r e s s e d t h e m i s c o n d u c t s e t f o r t h i n t h e a t t a c h e d

S t a t e m e n t o f F a c t s and any m i s c o n d u c t r e l a t e d t o t h e benchmark r a t e s

i d e n t i f i e d i n A t t a c h m e n t C. I n a d d i t i o n , i n l i g h t o f a c t i v e

i n v e s t i g a t i o n s b y v a r i o u s r e g u l a t o r s o f t h e m i s c o n d u c t d e s c r i b e d i n

t h e S t a t e m e n t o f F a c t s and t h e r o l e t h a t r e g u l a t o r s s u c h as t h o s e

l i s t e d above w i l l c o n t i n u e t o p l a y i n r e v i e w i n g RBS's c o m p l i a n c e

s t a n d a r d s , t h e D e p a r t m e n t has d e t e r m i n e d t h a t a d e q u a t e c o m p l i a n c e

m e a s u r e s have been and w i l l be e s t a b l i s h e d . I t i s f u r t h e r u n d e r s t o o d

t h a t RBS w i l l r e p o r t t o t h e D e p a r t m e n t , upon r e q u e s t , r e g a r d i n g i t s

r e m e d i a t i o n and i m p l e m e n t a t i o n o f any c o m p l i a n c e p r o g r a m and i n t e r n a l

c o n t r o l s , p o l i c i e s , and p r o c e d u r e s t h a t r e l a t e t o i t s s u b m i s s i o n o f

b e n c h m a r k r a t e s . M o r e o v e r , RBS a g r e e s t h a t i t has no o b j e c t i o n t o

a n y r e g u l a t o r y a g e n c i e s p r o v i d i n g t o t h e D e p a r t m e n t any i n f o r m a t i o n

o r r e p o r t s g e n e r a t e d b y s u c h a g e n c i e s o r The RBS Group o f Companies

r e l a t i n g t o t h e s u b m i s s i o n s o f benchmark r a t e s . Such i n f o r m a t i o n and

r e p o r t s w i l l l i k e l y i n c l u d e p r o p r i e t a r y , f i n a n c i a l , c o n f i d e n t i a l , and

c o m p e t i t i v e b u s i n e s s i n f o r m a t i o n . M o r e o v e r , p u b l i c d i s c l o s u r e o f t h e

i n f o r m a t i o n and r e p o r t s c o u l d d i s c o u r a g e c o o p e r a t i o n , impede p e n d i n g

11

o r p o t e n t i a l g o v e r n m e n t i n v e s t i g a t i o n s , and t h u s u n d e r m i n e t h e

D e p a r t m e n t ' s o b j e c t i v e s i n o b t a i n i n g s u c h r e p o r t s . F o r t h e s e

r e a s o n s , among o t h e r s , t h e i n f o r m a t i o n and r e p o r t s and t h e c o n t e n t s

t h e r e o f a r e i n t e n d e d t o r e m a i n and s h a l l r e m a i n n o n p u b l i c , e x c e p t as

o t h e r w i s e a g r e e d t o by t h e p a r t i e s i n w r i t i n g , o r e x c e p t t o t h e

e x t e n t t h a t t h e D e p a r t m e n t d e t e r m i n e s i n i t s s o l e d i s c r e t i o n t h a t

d i s c l o s u r e w o u l d be i n f u r t h e r a n c e o f t h e D e p a r t m e n t ' s d i s c h a r g e o f

i t s d u t i e s a n d r e s p o n s i b i l i t i e s o r i s o t h e r w i s e r e q u i r e d b y l a w .

D e f e r r e d P r o s e c u t i o n

1 1 . I n c o n s i d e r a t i o n o f : (a) t h e p a s t and f u t u r e c o o p e r a t i o n

o f The RBS Group o f Companies d e s c r i b e d i n P a r a g r a p h s 5 and 6 ab o v e ;

(b) RBS's payment o f a c r i m i n a l p e n a l t y o f $150,000,000; and (c)

RBS's i m p l e m e n t a t i o n and m a i n t e n a n c e o f r e m e d i a l measures as

d e s c r i b e d i n P a r a g r a p h 5 above, t h e D e p a r t m e n t a g r e e s t h a t any

p r o s e c u t i o n o f RBS f o r t h e c o n d u c t s e t f o r t h i n t h e a t t a c h e d

S t a t e m e n t o f F a c t s , and f o r t h e c o n d u c t t h a t RBS d i s c l o s e d t o t h e

D e p a r t m e n t p r i o r t o t h e s i g n i n g o f t h i s A g r e e m e n t , be and h e r e b y i s

d e f e r r e d f o r t h e Term o f t h i s A g r e e m e n t .

12. The D e p a r t m e n t f u r t h e r a g r e e s t h a t i f The RBS Group o f

Companies f u l l y c o m p l i e s w i t h a l l o f i t s o b l i g a t i o n s u n d e r t h i s

A g r e e m e n t , t h e D e p a r t m e n t w i l l n o t c o n t i n u e t h e c r i m i n a l p r o s e c u t i o n

a g a i n s t RBS d e s c r i b e d i n P a r a g r a p h 1 and, a t t h e c o n c l u s i o n o f t h e

Term, t h i s A greement s h a l l e x p i r e . W i t h i n t h i r t y (30) days o f t h e

12

A g r e e m e n t ' s e x p i r a t i o n , t h e D e p a r t m e n t s h a l l seek d i s m i s s a l w i t h

p r e j u d i c e o f t h e c r i m i n a l I n f o r m a t i o n f i l e d a g a i n s t RBS d e s c r i b e d i n

P a r a g r a p h 1 .

B r e a c h o f t h e Agreement

13. I f , d u r i n g t h e Term o f t h i s A g r e e m e n t , t h e D e p a r t m e n t

d e t e r m i n e s , i n i t s s o l e d i s c r e t i o n , t h a t RBS has (a) c o m m i t t e d any

f e l o n y u n d e r U.S. f e d e r a l l a w s u b s e q u e n t t o t h e s i g n i n g o f t h i s

A g r e e m e n t , (b) a t any t i m e p r o v i d e d i n c o n n e c t i o n w i t h t h i s A g r eement

d e l i b e r a t e l y f a l s e , i n c o m p l e t e , o r m i s l e a d i n g i n f o r m a t i o n , o r (c)

o t h e r w i s e b r e a c h e d t h e Agreement, RBS s h a l l t h e r e a f t e r be s u b j e c t t o

p r o s e c u t i o n f o r any f e d e r a l c r i m i n a l v i o l a t i o n o f w h i c h t h e

D e p a r t m e n t has k n o w l e d g e , i n c l u d i n g t h e c h a r g e s i n t h e I n f o r m a t i o n

d e s c r i b e d i n P a r a g r a p h 1, w h i c h may be p u r s u e d b y t h e D e p a r t m e n t i n

t h e U.S. D i s t r i c t C o u r t f o r t h e D i s t r i c t o f C o n n e c t i c u t o r any o t h e r

a p p r o p r i a t e v e n u e . Any s u c h p r o s e c u t i o n may be p r e m i s e d on

i n f o r m a t i o n p r o v i d e d b y RBS. Any s u c h p r o s e c u t i o n t h a t i s n o t t i m e -

b a r r e d b y t h e a p p l i c a b l e s t a t u t e o f l i m i t a t i o n s o n t h e d a t e o f t h e

s i g n i n g o f t h i s Agreement may be commenced a g a i n s t RBS

n o t w i t h s t a n d i n g t h e e x p i r a t i o n o f t h e s t a t u t e o f l i m i t a t i o n s b e t w e e n

t h e s i g n i n g o f t h i s Agreement and t h e e x p i r a t i o n o f t h e Term p l u s one

y e a r . Thus, b y s i g n i n g t h i s A g r e e m e n t , RBS a g r e e s t h a t t h e s t a t u t e

o f l i m i t a t i o n s w i t h r e s p e c t t o any s u c h p r o s e c u t i o n t h a t i s n o t t i m e -

13

b a r r e d on t h e d a t e o f t h e s i g n i n g o f t h i s A greement s h a l l be t o l l e d

f o r t h e Term p l u s one y e a r .

14. I n t h e e v e n t t h a t t h e D e p a r t m e n t d e t e r m i n e s t h a t RBS has

b r e a c h e d t h i s A g r e e m e n t , t h e D e p a r t m e n t a g r e e s t o p r o v i d e RBS w i t h

w r i t t e n n o t i c e o f s u c h b r e a c h p r i o r t o i n s t i t u t i n g any p r o s e c u t i o n

r e s u l t i n g f r o m s u c h b r e a c h . RBS s h a l l , w i t h i n t h i r t y (30) days o f

r e c e i p t o f s u c h n o t i c e , have t h e o p p o r t u n i t y t o r e s p o n d t o t h e

D e p a r t m e n t i n w r i t i n g t o e x p l a i n t h e n a t u r e and c i r c u m s t a n c e s o f s u c h

b r e a c h , as w e l l as t h e a c t i o n s RBS has t a k e n t o a d d r e s s and r e m e d i a t e

t h e s i t u a t i o n , w h i c h e x p l a n a t i o n t h e D e p a r t m e n t s h a l l c o n s i d e r i n

d e t e r m i n i n g w h e t h e r t o i n s t i t u t e a p r o s e c u t i o n .

15. I n t h e e v e n t t h a t t h e D e p a r t m e n t d e t e r m i n e s t h a t RBS has

b r e a c h e d t h i s A g r e e m e n t : (a) a l l s t a t e m e n t s made by o r on b e h a l f o f

RBS t o t h e D e p a r t m e n t o r t o t h e C o u r t , i n c l u d i n g t h e a t t a c h e d

S t a t e m e n t o f F a c t s , and any t e s t i m o n y g i v e n b y RBS b e f o r e a g r a n d

j u r y , a c o u r t , o r any t r i b u n a l , o r a t any l e g i s l a t i v e h e a r i n g s ,

w h e t h e r p r i o r o r s u b s e q u e n t t o t h i s A g r e e m e n t , and any l e a d s d e r i v e d

f r o m s u c h s t a t e m e n t s o r t e s t i m o n y , s h a l l be a d m i s s i b l e i n e v i d e n c e i n

any and a l l c r i m i n a l p r o c e e d i n g s b r o u g h t b y t h e D e p a r t m e n t a g a i n s t

RBS; and (b) RBS s h a l l n o t a s s e r t any c l a i m u n d e r t h e U n i t e d S t a t e s

C o n s t i t u t i o n , R u l e 1 1 ( f ) o f t h e F e d e r a l R u l e s o f C r i m i n a l P r o c e d u r e ,

R u l e 410 o f t h e F e d e r a l R u l e s o f E v i d e n c e , o r any o t h e r f e d e r a l l a w

o r r u l e t h a t s t a t e m e n t s made b y o r on b e h a l f o f RBS p r i o r o r

14

s u b s e q u e n t t o t h i s A g r e e m e n t , o r any l e a d s d e r i v e d t h e r e f r o m , s h o u l d

be s u p p r e s s e d . The d e c i s i o n w h e t h e r c o n d u c t o r s t a t e m e n t s o f any

c u r r e n t d i r e c t o r o r employee, o r any p e r s o n a c t i n g on b e h a l f o f , o r

a t t h e d i r e c t i o n o f , RBS w i l l be i m p u t e d t o RBS f o r t h e p u r p o s e o f

d e t e r m i n i n g w h e t h e r RBS has v i o l a t e d any p r o v i s i o n o f t h i s A g r eement

s h a l l be i n t h e s o l e d i s c r e t i o n o f t h e D e p a r t m e n t .

16. RBS a c k n o w l e d g e s t h a t t h e D e p a r t m e n t has made no

r e p r e s e n t a t i o n s , a s s u r a n c e s , o r p r o m i s e s c o n c e r n i n g what s e n t e n c e may

be i m p o s e d by t h e C o u r t i f RBS b r e a c h e s t h i s Agreement and t h i s

m a t t e r p r o c e e d s t o j u d g m e n t . RBS f u r t h e r a c k n o w l e d g e s t h a t a n y s u c h

s e n t e n c e i s s o l e l y w i t h i n t h e d i s c r e t i o n o f t h e C o u r t and t h a t

n o t h i n g i n t h i s A greement b i n d s o r r e s t r i c t s t h e C o u r t i n t h e

e x e r c i s e o f s u c h d i s c r e t i o n .

S a l e o r Merger of RBS

17. RBS a g r e e s t h a t i n t h e e v e n t i t s e l l s , merges, o r t r a n s f e r s

a l l o r s u b s t a n t i a l l y a l l o f i t s b u s i n e s s o p e r a t i o n s as t h e y e x i s t as

o f t h e d a t e o f t h i s A g r e e m e n t , w h e t h e r s u c h s a l e i s s t r u c t u r e d as a

s a l e , a s s e t s a l e , m e r g e r , o r t r a n s f e r , i t s h a l l i n c l u d e i n any

c o n t r a c t f o r s a l e , m e r g e r , o r t r a n s f e r a p r o v i s i o n b i n d i n g t h e

p u r c h a s e r , o r any s u c c e s s o r i n i n t e r e s t t h e r e t o , t o t h e o b l i g a t i o n s

d e s c r i b e d i n t h i s A g r e e m e n t .

15

P u b l i c S t a t e m e n t s by RBS

18. RBS e x p r e s s l y a g r e e s t h a t i t s h a l l n o t , t h r o u g h p r e s e n t o r

f u t u r e a t t o r n e y s , o f f i c e r s , d i r e c t o r s , e m p l o y e e s , a g e n t s o r any o t h e r

p e r s o n a u t h o r i z e d t o speak f o r RBS, i t s p a r e n t company, o r i t s

s u b s i d i a r i e s o r a f f i l i a t e s , make any p u b l i c s t a t e m e n t , i n l i t i g a t i o n

o r o t h e r w i s e , c o n t r a d i c t i n g t h e a c c e p t a n c e o f r e s p o n s i b i l i t y b y RBS

s e t f o r t h above o r t h e f a c t s d e s c r i b e d i n t h e a t t a c h e d S t a t e m e n t o f

F a c t s . Any s u c h c o n t r a d i c t o r y s t a t e m e n t s h a l l , s u b j e c t t o c u r e

r i g h t s o f RBS d e s c r i b e d b e l o w , c o n s t i t u t e a b r e a c h o f t h i s Agreement

a n d RBS t h e r e a f t e r s h a l l be s u b j e c t t o p r o s e c u t i o n as s e t f o r t h i n

P a r a g r a p h s 13-16 o f t h i s A g r e e m e n t . The d e c i s i o n w h e t h e r any p u b l i c

s t a t e m e n t b y any such p e r s o n c o n t r a d i c t i n g a f a c t c o n t a i n e d i n t h e

S t a t e m e n t o f F a c t s w i l l be i m p u t e d t o RBS f o r t h e p u r p o s e o f

d e t e r m i n i n g w h e t h e r i t has b r e a c h e d t h i s A g r e e m e n t s h a l l be a t t h e

s o l e d i s c r e t i o n o f t h e D e p a r t m e n t . I f t h e D e p a r t m e n t d e t e r m i n e s t h a t

a p u b l i c s t a t e m e n t by any s u c h p e r s o n c o n t r a d i c t s i n w h o l e o r i n p a r t

a s t a t e m e n t c o n t a i n e d i n t h e S t a t e m e n t o f F a c t s , t h e D e p a r t m e n t s h a l l

so n o t i f y RBS, and RBS may a v o i d a b r e a c h o f t h i s Agreement by

p u b l i c l y r e p u d i a t i n g s u c h s t a t e m e n t ( s ) w i t h i n f i v e (5) b u s i n e s s days

a f t e r n o t i f i c a t i o n . RBS s h a l l be p e r m i t t e d t o r a i s e d e f e n s e s a n d t o

a s s e r t a f f i r m a t i v e c l a i m s i n o t h e r p r o c e e d i n g s r e l a t i n g t o t h e

m a t t e r s s e t f o r t h i n t h e S t a t e m e n t o f F a c t s p r o v i d e d t h a t s u c h

d e f e n s e s and c l a i m s do n o t c o n t r a d i c t , i n w h o l e o r i n p a r t , a

16

s t a t e m e n t c o n t a i n e d i n t h e S t a t e m e n t o f F a c t s . T h i s P a r a g r a p h does

n o t a p p l y t o any s t a t e m e n t made b y any p r e s e n t o r f o r m e r o f f i c e r ,

d i r e c t o r , e m p l o y e e , o r a g e n t o f RBS i n t h e c o u r s e o f any c r i m i n a l ,

r e g u l a t o r y , o r c i v i l case i n i t i a t e d a g a i n s t s u c h i n d i v i d u a l , u n l e s s

s u c h i n d i v i d u a l i s s p e a k i n g on b e h a l f o f RBS.

19. RBS a g r e e s t h a t i f i t , i t s p a r e n t company, o r any o f i t s

d i r e c t o r i n d i r e c t s u b s i d i a r i e s o r a f f i l i a t e s i s s u e s a p r e s s r e l e a s e

o r h o l d s a n y p r e s s c o n f e r e n c e i n c o n n e c t i o n w i t h t h i s A g r e e m e n t , RBS

s h a l l f i r s t c o n s u l t t h e D e p a r t m e n t t o d e t e r m i n e (a) w h e t h e r t h e t e x t

o f t h e r e l e a s e o r p r o p o s e d s t a t e m e n t s a t t h e p r e s s c o n f e r e n c e a r e

t r u e a n d a c c u r a t e w i t h r e s p e c t t o m a t t e r s b e t w e e n t h e D e p a r t m e n t and

RBS; a n d (b) w h e t h e r t h e D e p a r t m e n t has no o b j e c t i o n t o t h e r e l e a s e .

S t a t e m e n t s a t any p r e s s c o n f e r e n c e c o n c e r n i n g t h i s m a t t e r s h a l l be

c o n s i s t e n t w i t h s u c h a p r e s s r e l e a s e .

20. The D e p a r t m e n t a g r e e s , i f r e q u e s t e d t o do so, t o b r i n g t o

t h e a t t e n t i o n o f g o v e r n m e n t a l a n d o t h e r d e b a r m e n t a u t h o r i t i e s t h e

f a c t s a nd c i r c u m s t a n c e s r e l a t i n g t o t h e n a t u r e o f t h e c o n d u c t

u n d e r l y i n g t h i s A g r e e m e n t , i n c l u d i n g t h e n a t u r e and q u a l i t y o f RBS's

c o o p e r a t i o n and r e m e d i a t i o n . By a g r e e i n g t o p r o v i d e t h i s i n f o r m a t i o n

t o d e b a r m e n t a u t h o r i t i e s , t h e D e p a r t m e n t i s n o t a g r e e i n g t o a d v o c a t e

on b e h a l f o f RBS, b u t r a t h e r i s a g r e e i n g t o p r o v i d e f a c t s t o be

e v a l u a t e d i n d e p e n d e n t l y b y t h e d e b a r m e n t a u t h o r i t i e s .

17

L i m i t a t i o n s on B i n d i n g E f f e c t of Agreement

2 1 . T h i s Agreement i s b i n d i n g on RBS and t h e D e p a r t m e n t b u t

s p e c i f i c a l l y does n o t b i n d any o t h e r f e d e r a l a g e n c i e s , o r any s t a t e ,

l o c a l o r f o r e i g n l a w e n f o r c e m e n t o r r e g u l a t o r y a g e n c i e s , o r any o t h e r

a u t h o r i t i e s , a l t h o u g h t h e D e p a r t m e n t w i l l b r i n g t h e c o o p e r a t i o n o f

RBS and i t s c o m p l i a n c e w i t h i t s o t h e r o b l i g a t i o n s u n d e r t h i s

A g r e e m e n t t o t h e a t t e n t i o n o f s u c h a g e n c i e s and a u t h o r i t i e s i f

r e q u e s t e d t o do so by RBS.

N o t i c e

22. Any n o t i c e t o t h e D e p a r t m e n t u n d e r t h i s Agreement s h a l l be

g i v e n b y p e r s o n a l d e l i v e r y , o v e r n i g h t d e l i v e r y b y a r e c o g n i z e d

d e l i v e r y s e r v i c e , o r r e g i s t e r e d o r c e r t i f i e d m a i l , a d d r e s s e d t o t h e

D e p u t y C h i e f - S e c u r i t i e s and F i n a n c i a l F r a u d s U n i t , F r a u d S e c t i o n ,

C r i m i n a l D i v i s i o n , U.S. D e p a r t m e n t o f J u s t i c e , T h i r d F l o o r , 1400 New

Y o r k Avenue, N.W., W a s h i n g t o n , D.C. 20005, and E l i z a b e t h P r e w i t t ,

A s s i s t a n t C h i e f , A n t i t r u s t D i v i s i o n , U.S. D e p a r t m e n t o f J u s t i c e , 26

F e d e r a l P l a z a , Room 3630, New Y o r k , NY 10278. Any n o t i c e t o RBS

u n d e r t h i s A g r eement s h a l l be g i v e n b y p e r s o n a l d e l i v e r y , o v e r n i g h t

d e l i v e r y b y a r e c o g n i z e d d e l i v e r y s e r v i c e , o r r e g i s t e r e d o r c e r t i f i e d

m a i l , a d d r e s s e d t o D a v i d R a s k i n , C l i f f o r d Chance US LLP, 31 West 5 2 n d

S t r e e t , New Y o r k NY 10019. N o t i c e s h a l l be e f f e c t i v e upon a c t u a l

r e c e i p t b y t h e D e p a r t m e n t o r RBS.

18

Complete Agreement

23. T h i s Agreement s e t s f o r t h a l l t h e t e r m s o f t h e a g r e e m e n t

b e t w e e n RBS and t h e D e p a r t m e n t . No amendments, m o d i f i c a t i o n s o r

a d d i t i o n s t o t h i s Agreement s h a l l be v a l i d u n l e s s t h e y a r e i n w r i t i

and s i g n e d b y t h e D e p a r t m e n t , t h e a t t o r n e y s f o r RBS and a d u l y

a u t h o r i z e d r e p r e s e n t a t i v e o f RBS.

19

AGREBD:

FOR THE ROYAL BAHK OF SCOTLAND PLC:

Date: f£&~*~y ff 2af3

Date

Chr±sxophej The Royal Bank of S c o t l a n d p i c

» ^ d - R 5 s l c i n , Esq. David Yeres, Esq. Robert G. Houck, Esq. C l i f f o r d Chance OS LLP

FOR THE tsmmsmm as JUSTICE, Criminal D i v i s i o n , Fraud Section:

Dat 5im

Date

DENIS J. McINERNEY Chief, Fraud Section Criminal D i v i s i o n U n i t e a ^ S t a ^ a Depart J u s t i c e

By: (

P a t r i c k F. Sto*es Daniel A. Braun Deputy Chiefs, Fraud Section

Fraud S e c t i o n

20

FOR THE DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE, A n t i t r u s t D i v i s i o n s

DEIRDRE h. McEVOY Ch i e f , New York F i e l d O f f i c e A n t i t r u s t D i v i s i o n U n i t e d S t a t e s Department o f J u s t i c e

Date:

Date;

Z S7'3 By:

By:

E l i z a b e t h B. P r e w i t t A s s i s t a n t C h i e f , New York F i e l d O f f i c e , A n t i t r u s t D i v i s i o n

E r i c L. R i c h a r d A. Powers T r i a l A t t o r n e y s , A n t i t r u s t D i v i s i o n

21

COMPANY OFFICER'S CERTIFICATE

I have r e a d t h i s Agreement and c a r e f u l l y r e v i e w e d e v e r y

p a r t o f i t w i t h o u t s i d e c o u n s e l f o r The Royal Bank o f S c o t l a n d

p i c ("RBS"). I u n d e r s t a n d t h e terms o f t h i s Agreement and

v o l u n t a r i l y agree, on b e h a l f o f RBS, t o each o f i t s t e r m s .

B e f o r e s i g n i n g t h i s Agreement, I c o n s u l t e d o u t s i d e c o u n s e l f o r

RBS. Counsel f u l l y a d v i s e d me o f t h e r i g h t s o f RBS, o f p o s s i b l e

d e f e n s e s , o f t h e S e n t e n c i n g G u i d e l i n e s ' p r o v i s i o n s , and o f t h e

consequences o f e n t e r i n g i n t o t h i s Agreement.

I have c a r e f u l l y r e v i e w e d t h e terms o f t h i s Agreement w i t h

t h e Board o f D i r e c t o r s o f RBS. I have a d v i s e d and caused

o u t s i d e c o u n s e l f o r RBS t o a d v i s e t h e Board o f D i r e c t o r s f u l l y

o f t h e r i g h t s o f RBS, o f p o s s i b l e d e f e n s e s , o f t h e S e n t e n c i n g

G u i d e l i n e s ' p r o v i s i o n s , and o f t h e consequences o f e n t e r i n g i n t o

t h e Agreement,

No promises o r inducements have been made o t h e r t h a n those"

c o n t a i n e d i n t h i s Agreement. F u r t h e r m o r e , no one has t h r e a t e n e d

o r f o r c e d me, o r t o my knowledge any p e r s o n a u t h o r i z i n g t h i s

Agreement on b e h a l f o f RBS, i n any way t o e n t e r i n t o t h i s

Agreement. I am a l s o s a t i s f i e d w i t h o u t s i d e c o u n s e l ' s

r e p r e s e n t a t i o n i n t h i s m a t t e r . I c e r t i f y t h a t I am t h e Group

G e n e r a l Counsel f o r RBS and t h a t I have been d u l y a u t h o r i z e d by

RBS t o execute t h i s Agreement on b e h a l f o f RBS.

Date: Feb r u a r y 5zftC , 2013

THE JSO-YAL BAHK,x OF SCOTLAND p i c

By: _ C h r i s t o p h e r Campbell Group General Counsel

C E R T I F I C A T E OF COUNSEL

I am counsel f o r The Royal Bank o f S c o t l a n d p i c ("RBS") i n

t h e m a t t e r covered by t h i s Agreement. I n c o n n e c t i o n w i t h such

r e p r e s e n t a t i o n , I have examined r e l e v a n t RBS documents and have

d i s c u s s e d t h e terms o f t h i s Agreement w i t h RBS's Board o f

D i r e c t o r s . Based on o u r r e v i e w o f t h e f o r e g o i n g m a t e r i a l s and

d i s c u s s i o n s , I am o f t h e o p i n i o n t h a t t h e r e p r e s e n t a t i v e o f RBS

has been d u l y a u t h o r i z e d t o e n t e r i n t o t h i s Agreement on b e h a l f

o f RBS and t h a t t h i s Agreement has been d u l y and v a l i d l y

a u t h o r i z e d , executed, and d e l i v e r e d on b e h a l f of RBS and i s a

v a l i d and b i n d i n g o b l i g a t i o n o f RBS. F u r t h e r , I have c a r e f u l l y

r e v i e w e d t h e terms o f t h i s Agreement w i t h t h e Board of D i r e c t o r s

and C h r i s t o p h e r Campbell, Group General Counsel o f RBS. I have

f u l l y a d v i s e d them o f t h e r i g h t s o f RBS, o f p o s s i b l e defenses,

o f t h e Se n t e n c i n g G u i d e l i n e s ' p r o v i s i o n s and o f t h e consequences

o f e n t e r i n g i n t o t h i s Agreement. To my knowledge, t h e d e c i s i o n

o f RBS t o e n t e r i n t o t h i s Agreement, based on t h e a u t h o r i z a t i o n

o f t h e Board o f D i r e c t o r s , i s c3.IT XXI formed and v o l u n t a r y one,

Date: F e b r u a r y b , 2013

•>=^f^yid R a s k i n , Esq. David Yeres, Esq. Robert G. Houck, Esq. C l i f f o r d Chance US LLP

ATTACHMENT A

ATTACHMENT A

STATEMENT OF FACTS

T h i s S t a t e m e n t o f F a c t s i s i n c o r p o r a t e d b y r e f e r e n c e as

p a r t o f t h e D e f e r r e d P r o s e c u t i o n A g r e e m e n t , d a t e d F e b r u a r y 6,

2013, b e t w e e n t h e U n i t e d S t a t e s D e p a r t m e n t o f J u s t i c e , C r i m i n a l

D i v i s i o n , F r a u d S e c t i o n , A n t i t r u s t D i v i s i o n , and The R o y a l Bank

o f S c o t l a n d p i c ("RBS"). RBS h e r e b y a g r e e s and s t i p u l a t e s t h a t

t h e f o l l o w i n g i n f o r m a t i o n i s t r u e and a c c u r a t e . RBS a d m i t s ,

a c c e p t s , and a c k n o w l e d g e s t h a t i t i s r e s p o n s i b l e f o r t h e a c t s o f

i t s o f f i c e r s , d i r e c t o r s , e m p l o y e e s , and a g e n t s as s e t f o r t h

b e l o w . S h o u l d t h e D e p a r t m e n t p u r s u e t h e p r o s e c u t i o n t h a t i s

d e f e r r e d b y t h i s Agreement, RBS a g r e e s t h a t i t w i l l n e i t h e r

c o n t e s t t h e a d m i s s i b i l i t y o f , n o r c o n t r a d i c t , t h i s S t a t e m e n t o f

F a c t s i n any s u c h p r o c e e d i n g . I f t h i s m a t t e r were t o p r o c e e d t o

t r i a l , t h e D e p a r t m e n t w o u l d p r o v e b e y o n d a r e a s o n a b l e d o u b t , b y

a d m i s s i b l e e v i d e n c e , t h e f a c t s a l l e g e d b e l o w and s e t f o r t h i n

t h e c r i m i n a l I n f o r m a t i o n a t t a c h e d t o t h i s A g reement. T h i s

e v i d e n c e w o u l d e s t a b l i s h t h e f o l l o w i n g :

I .

BACKGROUND

A. LIBOR

1 . S i n c e i t s i n c e p t i o n i n a p p r o x i m a t e l y 1986, t h e London

I n t e r b a n k O f f e r e d R a t e ("LIBOR") has b e e n a benchmark i n t e r e s t

r a t e u s e d i n f i n a n c i a l m a r k e t s a r o u n d t h e w o r l d . F u t u r e s ,

1

o p t i o n s , swaps, and o t h e r d e r i v a t i v e f i n a n c i a l i n s t r u m e n t s

t r a d e d i n t h e o v e r - t h e - c o u n t e r m a r k e t and on exchanges w o r l d w i d e

a r e s e t t l e d b a s e d on LIBOR. The Bank o f I n t e r n a t i o n a l

S e t t l e m e n t s has e s t i m a t e d t h a t i n t h e s e c o n d h a l f o f 2009, f o r

e x a m p l e , t h e n o t i o n a l amount o f o v e r - t h e - c o u n t e r i n t e r e s t r a t e

d e r i v a t i v e c o n t r a c t s was v a l u e d a t a p p r o x i m a t e l y $450 t r i l l i o n .

I n a d d i t i o n , m o r t g a g e s , c r e d i t c a r d s , s t u d e n t l o a n s , and o t h e r

c onsumer l e n d i n g p r o d u c t s o f t e n use LIBOR as a r e f e r e n c e r a t e .

2. LIBOR i s p u b l i s h e d u n d e r t h e a u s p i c e s o f t h e B r i t i s h

B a n k e r s ' A s s o c i a t i o n ("BBA"), a t r a d e a s s o c i a t i o n w i t h o v e r 200

member ba n k s t h a t a d d r e s s e s i s s u e s i n v o l v i n g t h e U n i t e d Kingdom

b a n k i n g and f i n a n c i a l s e r v i c e s i n d u s t r i e s . The BBA d e f i n e s

LIBOR as:

The r a t e a t w h i c h an i n d i v i d u a l C o n t r i b u t o r P a n e l b a n k

c o u l d b o r r o w f u n d s , were i t t o do so b y a s k i n g f o r and

t h e n a c c e p t i n g i n t e r - b a n k o f f e r s i n r e a s o n a b l e m a r k e t

s i z e , j u s t p r i o r t o 11:00 [a.m.] London t i m e .

T h i s d e f i n i t i o n has been i n p l a c e s i n c e a p p r o x i m a t e l y 1998.

3. LIBOR r a t e s were i n i t i a l l y c a l c u l a t e d f o r t h r e e

c u r r e n c i e s : t h e U n i t e d S t a t e s D o l l a r , t h e B r i t i s h Pound

S t e r l i n g , a nd t h e Japanese Yen. Over t i m e , t h e use o f LIBOR

e x p a n d e d , and benchmark r a t e s were c a l c u l a t e d f o r t e n

c u r r e n c i e s , i n c l u d i n g t h e o r i g i n a l t h r e e .

4. The LIBOR f o r a g i v e n c u r r e n c y i s t h e r e s u l t o f a

c a l c u l a t i o n b a s e d upon s u b m i s s i o n s f r o m a p a n e l o f banks f o r

2

t h a t c u r r e n c y ( t h e " C o n t r i b u t o r P a n e l " ) s e l e c t e d b y t h e BBA.

Each member o f t h e C o n t r i b u t o r P a n e l s u b m i t s i t s r a t e s e v e r y

L o n d o n b u s i n e s s d a y t h r o u g h e l e c t r o n i c means t o Thomson R e u t e r s ,

as a n a g e n t f o r t h e BBA, by 11:10 a.m. London t i m e . Once e a c h

C o n t r i b u t o r P a n e l b a n k has s u b m i t t e d i t s r a t e , t h e c o n t r i b u t e d

r a t e s a r e r a n k e d . The h i g h e s t and l o w e s t q u a r t i l e s a r e e x c l u d e d

f r o m t h e c a l c u l a t i o n , and t h e m i d d l e t w o q u a r t i l e s ( i . e . , 50% o f

t h e s u b m i s s i o n s ) a r e a v e r a g e d t o f o r m u l a t e t h e r e s u l t i n g LIBOR

" f i x " o r " s e t t i n g " f o r t h a t p a r t i c u l a r c u r r e n c y and m a t u r i t y .

5. The LIBOR c o n t r i b u t i o n o f e a c h C o n t r i b u t o r P a n e l b a n k

i s s u b m i t t e d t o b e t w e e n two and f i v e d e c i m a l p l a c e s , a n d t h e

LIBOR f i x i s r o u n d e d , i f n e c e s s a r y , t o f i v e d e c i m a l p l a c e s . I n

t h e c o n t e x t o f m e a s u r i n g i n t e r e s t r a t e s , one " b a s i s p o i n t " ( o r

"bp") i s o n e - h u n d r e d t h o f one p e r c e n t ( 0 . 0 1 % ) .

6. Thomson R e u t e r s c a l c u l a t e s and p u b l i s h e s t h e r a t e s

e a c h b u s i n e s s day b y a p p r o x i m a t e l y 11:30 a.m. London t i m e .

F i f t e e n m a t u r i t i e s ( o r " t e n o r s " ) a r e q u o t e d f o r each c u r r e n c y ,

r a n g i n g f r o m o v e r n i g h t t o t w e l v e months. The p u b l i s h e d r a t e s

a r e made a v a i l a b l e w o r l d w i d e b y Thomson R e u t e r s and o t h e r d a t a

v e n d o r s t h r o u g h e l e c t r o n i c means and t h r o u g h a v a r i e t y o f

i n f o r m a t i o n s o u r c e s . I n a d d i t i o n t o t h e LIBOR f i x r e s u l t i n g

f r o m t h e c a l c u l a t i o n , Thomson R e u t e r s p u b l i s h e s each C o n t r i b u t o r

P a n e l bank's s u b m i t t e d r a t e s a l o n g w i t h t h e names o f t h e b a n k s .

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7. A c c o r d i n g t o t h e BBA, e a c h C o n t r i b u t o r P a n e l bank must

s u b m i t i t s r a t e w i t h o u t r e f e r e n c e t o r a t e s c o n t r i b u t e d b y o t h e r

C o n t r i b u t o r P a n e l b a n k s . The b a s i s f o r a C o n t r i b u t o r P a n e l

b a n k ' s s u b m i s s i o n , a c c o r d i n g t o a c l a r i f i c a t i o n t h e BBA i s s u e d

i n June 2 0 08, must be t h e r a t e a t w h i c h members o f t h e bank's

s t a f f p r i m a r i l y r e s p o n s i b l e f o r management o f t h e bank's c a s h ,

r a t h e r t h a n t h e bank's d e r i v a t i v e s t r a d i n g book, c o n s i d e r t h a t

t h e b a n k c a n b o r r o w u n s e c u r e d i n t e r - b a n k f u n d s i n t h e London

money m a r k e t . F u r t h e r , a c c o r d i n g t o t h e BBA, a C o n t r i b u t o r

P a n e l b a n k may n o t c o n t r i b u t e a r a t e b a s e d on t h e p r i c i n g o f any

d e r i v a t i v e f i n a n c i a l i n s t r u m e n t . I n o t h e r w o r d s , a C o n t r i b u t o r

P a n e l b a n k ' s LIBOR s u b m i s s i o n s s h o u l d n o t be i n f l u e n c e d b y i t s

m o t i v e t o m a x i m i z e p r o f i t o r m i n i m i z e l o s s e s i n d e r i v a t i v e s

t r a n s a c t i o n s t i e d t o LIBOR.

8. From a t l e a s t 2 0 06 t h r o u g h 2 010, RBS has been a member

o f t h e C o n t r i b u t o r P a n e l s f o r a number o f c u r r e n c i e s , i n c l u d i n g

Yen LIBOR and Swiss F r a n c LIBOR, w h i c h a r e t h e f o c u s o f t h i s

S t a t e m e n t o f F a c t s . The C o n t r i b u t o r P a n e l f o r Yen LIBOR f r o m a t

l e a s t 2006 t h r o u g h 2010 was c o m p r i s e d o f 16 b a n k s , i n c l u d i n g

RBS. P r e s e n t l y , t h e r e a r e 13 b a n k s on t h e Yen C o n t r i b u t o r

P a n e l , i n c l u d i n g RBS. The C o n t r i b u t o r P a n e l f o r Swiss F r a n c

LIBOR f r o m a t l e a s t 2008 t h r o u g h 2009 was c o m p r i s e d o f 12 b a n k s ,

i n c l u d i n g RBS. P r e s e n t l y , t h e r e a r e 11 banks on t h e Swiss F r a n c

C o n t r i b u t o r P a n e l , i n c l u d i n g RBS.

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9. Because o f t h e w i d e s p r e a d use o f LIBOR and o t h e r

b e n c h m a r k i n t e r e s t r a t e s i n f i n a n c i a l m a r k e t s , t h e s e r a t e s p l a y

a f u n d a m e n t a l l y i m p o r t a n t r o l e i n f i n a n c i a l s y s t e m s a r o u n d t h e

w o r l d .

B. Interest Rate Swaps

10. An i n t e r e s t r a t e swap ("swap") i s a f i n a n c i a l

d e r i v a t i v e i n s t r u m e n t i n w h i c h t w o p a r t i e s a g r e e t o exchange

i n t e r e s t r a t e c a s h f l o w s . I f , f o r example, a p a r t y has a

t r a n s a c t i o n i n w h i c h i t p a y s a f i x e d r a t e o f i n t e r e s t b u t w i s h e s

t o p a y a f l o a t i n g r a t e o f i n t e r e s t t i e d t o a r e f e r e n c e r a t e , i t

c a n e n t e r i n t o an i n t e r e s t r a t e swap t o exchange i t s f i x e d r a t e

o b l i g a t i o n f o r a f l o a t i n g r a t e one. Commonly, f o r example,

P a r t y A pays a f i x e d r a t e t o P a r t y B, w h i l e P a r t y B p a y s a

f l o a t i n g i n t e r e s t r a t e t o P a r t y A i n d e x e d t o a r e f e r e n c e r a t e

l i k e LIBOR. T h e r e i s no exchange o f p r i n c i p a l amounts, w h i c h

a r e commonly r e f e r r e d t o as t h e " n o t i o n a l " amounts o f t h e swap

t r a n s a c t i o n s . I n t e r e s t r a t e swaps a r e t r a d e d o v e r - t h e - c o u n t e r ;

i n o t h e r w o r d s , t h e y a r e n e g o t i a t e d i n t r a n s a c t i o n s b e t w e e n

c o u n t e r p a r t i e s and a r e n o t t r a d e d on ex c h a n g e s .

C. RBS

1 1 . RBS i s a f i n a n c i a l s e r v i c e s c o r p o r a t i o n w i t h

h e a d q u a r t e r s l o c a t e d i n E d i n b u r g h , S c o t l a n d . RBS has b a n k i n g

d i v i s i o n s and s u b s i d i a r i e s a r o u n d t h e w o r l d , i n c l u d i n g i n t h e

U n i t e d S t a t e s , w i t h i t s U n i t e d S t a t e s h e a d q u a r t e r s l o c a t e d i n

S t a m f o r d , C o n n e c t i c u t . From 2006 t o 2010, one o f RBS's

d i v i s i o n s was G l o b a l B a n k i n g and M a r k e t s ("GBM"). The GBM

d i v i s i o n h a d employees i n m u l t i p l e l e g a l e n t i t i e s a s s o c i a t e d

w i t h RBS, i n c l u d i n g RBS S e c u r i t i e s J a p a n L i m i t e d ("RBSSJ").

RBSSJ i s a w h o l l y - o w n e d s u b s i d i a r y o f RBS t h a t engages i n

i n v e s t m e n t b a n k i n g o p e r a t i o n s , i n c l u d i n g d e r i v a t i v e s t r a d i n g ,

w i t h i t s p r i n c i p a l p l a c e o f b u s i n e s s i n Tokyo, Japan. RBS,

t h r o u g h i t s GBM d i v i s i o n , e m p l o y e d money m a r k e t t r a d e r s and

d e r i v a t i v e s t r a d e r s 1 t h r o u g h o u t t h e w o r l d , i n c l u d i n g i n New Y o r k ,

London, and Tokyo. RBS's d e r i v a t i v e s t r a d e r s a r e r e s p o n s i b l e

f o r t r a d i n g a v a r i e t y o f f i n a n c i a l i n s t r u m e n t s , some o f w h i c h ,

s u c h as i n t e r e s t r a t e swaps and f o r w a r d r a t e a g r e e m e n t s , 2 a r e

t i e d t o LIBOR. RBS's money m a r k e t t r a d e r s a r e r e s p o n s i b l e f o r ,

among o t h e r t h i n g s , t r a d i n g c a s h and e n s u r i n g t h a t RBS has

s u f f i c i e n t f u n d i n g w i t h r e g a r d t o s p e c i f i c c u r r e n c i e s .

D. RBS's LIBOR Submissions

12. RBS's LIBOR s u b m i s s i o n s were made b y d e s i g n a t e d LIBOR

s u b m i t t e r s . W i t h r e g a r d t o Yen and S w i s s F r a n c , t h e p r i m a r y

1 The t e r m " d e r i v a t i v e s t r a d e r s " i n c l u d e s t r a d e r s on RBS's s h o r t -

t e r m i n t e r e s t r a t e s d e s k s . These d e s k s w e r e r e s p o n s i b l e f o r

s h o r t e r - t e r m d e r i v a t i v e s t r a d i n g b o o k s .

2 A f o r w a r d r a t e agreement i s a d e r i v a t i v e c o n t r a c t i n w h i c h

p a r t i e s s p e c i f y a r a t e o f i n t e r e s t o r c u r r e n c y exchange r a t e t o

be p a i d o r r e c e i v e d on a n o t i o n a l amount a t a f u t u r e d a t e .

U n l i k e a n i n t e r e s t r a t e swap, w h i c h t y p i c a l l y p r o v i d e s f o r an

exch a n g e o f c a s h f l o w s o v e r a p e r i o d o f y e a r s , a f o r w a r d r a t e

a g r e e m e n t t e r m i n a t e s o n t h e s p e c i f i e d s e t t l e m e n t d a t e .

6

LIBOR s u b m i t t e r was a money m a r k e t t r a d e r b a s e d i n London

( " S u b m i t t e r - 1 " ) . O t h e r money m a r k e t t r a d e r s i n t h e s e c u r r e n c i e s

s e r v e d as b a c k u p s u b m i t t e r s a t c e r t a i n t i m e s when t h e p r i m a r y

s u b m i t t e r was u n a v a i l a b l e t o make s u b m i s s i o n s . I n a d d i t i o n , a t

v a r i o u s t i m e s b e t w e e n 2006 and 2010, RBS p e r m i t t e d d e r i v a t i v e s

t r a d e r s who t r a d e d Yen and S w i s s F r a n c p r o d u c t s t o s e r v e as

b a c k u p s u b m i t t e r s .

13. A t v a r i o u s t i m e s f r o m a t l e a s t 2006 t h r o u g h 2010,

c e r t a i n RBS Yen and Swiss F r a n c d e r i v a t i v e s t r a d e r s - whose

c o m p e n s a t i o n f r o m RBS was d i r e c t l y c o n n e c t e d t o t h e i r s u c c e s s i n

t r a d i n g f i n a n c i a l p r o d u c t s t i e d t o LIBOR - a t t e m p t e d t o

m a n i p u l a t e and d i d m a n i p u l a t e RBS's LIBOR s u b m i s s i o n s f o r t h e

b e n c h m a r k i n t e r e s t r a t e s i n t h o s e c u r r e n c i e s i n o r d e r t o b e n e f i t

t h e i r d e r i v a t i v e s t r a d i n g p o s i t i o n s .

I I .

RBS'S MANIPULATION OF

LIBOR SUBMISSIONS

14. From as e a r l y as 2006 t h r o u g h a t l e a s t 2010, c e r t a i n

RBS d e r i v a t i v e s t r a d e r s r e q u e s t e d and o b t a i n e d LIBOR s u b m i s s i o n s

t h a t b e n e f i t e d t h e i r t r a d i n g p o s i t i o n s . These d e r i v a t i v e s

t r a d e r s r e q u e s t e d t h a t c e r t a i n RBS LIBOR s u b m i t t e r s s u b m i t

b e n c h m a r k i n t e r e s t r a t e c o n t r i b u t i o n s t h a t w o u l d b e n e f i t t h e

t r a d e r s ' t r a d i n g p o s i t i o n s , r a t h e r t h a n r a t e s t h a t c o m p l i e d w i t h

t h e d e f i n i t i o n o f LIBOR. These d e r i v a t i v e s t r a d e r s e i t h e r

7

r e q u e s t e d a p a r t i c u l a r LIBOR c o n t r i b u t i o n f o r a p a r t i c u l a r t e n o r

a n d c u r r e n c y , o r r e q u e s t e d t h a t t h e r a t e s u b m i t t e r c o n t r i b u t e a

r a t e h i g h e r , l o w e r , o r u n c h a n g e d f o r a p a r t i c u l a r t e n o r and

c u r r e n c y .

15. D e r i v a t i v e s t r a d e r s o f t e n made t h e s e r e q u e s t s t h r o u g h

e l e c t r o n i c messages i n c h a t rooms s e t up b y t r a d e r s t o s h a r e

i n f o r m a t i o n a b o u t p a r t i c u l a r t r a d i n g t o p i c s , t h o u g h a t v a r i o u s

t i m e s t h e r e q u e s t s were made o r a l l y and, l e s s f r e q u e n t l y , b y

phone. S u b m i t t e r - 1 on many o c c a s i o n s a g r e e d t o accommodate

d e r i v a t i v e s t r a d e r s ' r e q u e s t s f o r f a v o r a b l e benchmark i n t e r e s t -

r a t e s u b m i s s i o n s w i t h r e g a r d t o Yen LIBOR and S w i s s F r a n c LIBOR,

a n d b a c k u p s u b m i t t e r s d i d t h e same.

16. D u r i n g t h e p e r i o d when d e r i v a t i v e s t r a d e r s were

r e q u e s t i n g f a v o r a b l e LIBOR s u b m i s s i o n s and s u b m i t t e r s were

a c c o m m o d a t i n g t h o s e r e q u e s t s , RBS l a c k e d a c o m p l i a n c e p r o g r a m

s u f f i c i e n t t o d e t e c t and p r e v e n t t h e c o n d u c t .

A. Yen LIBOR

17. The m a r k e t f o r d e r i v a t i v e s and o t h e r f i n a n c i a l

p r o d u c t s l i n k e d t o Yen LIBOR i s g l o b a l and i s one o f t h e l a r g e s t

a n d most a c t i v e m a r k e t s f o r s u c h p r o d u c t s i n t h e w o r l d . A

number o f t h e s e p r o d u c t s a r e t r a d e d i n t h e U n i t e d S t a t e s - s u c h

as Yen-based swaps c o n t r a c t s t r a d e d o v e r t h e c o u n t e r - i n

t r a n s a c t i o n s i n v o l v i n g U.S.-based c o u n t e r p a r t i e s . For e x ample,

more t h a n 15% o f t h e t o t a l n o t i o n a l v a l u e o f t h e t r a n s a c t i o n s

e n t e r e d i n t o b y RBS's Yen d e r i v a t i v e s t r a d e r s f r o m 2006 t h r o u g h

2010 i n v o l v e d U.S.-based c o u n t e r p a r t i e s o f t e n a c t i n g t h r o u g h

t h e i r o v e r s e a s o f f i c e s .

18. From a p p r o x i m a t e l y mid-2006 t h r o u g h 2010, i n London,

Tokyo, and e l s e w h e r e , a number o f RBS employ e e s engaged i n

e f f o r t s t o m a n i p u l a t e Yen LIBOR t o b e n e f i t RBS's t r a d i n g

p o s i t i o n s a nd t h e r e b y b e n e f i t t h e m s e l v e s . 3 T h i s c o n d u c t

encompassed h u n d r e d s o f i n s t a n c e s i n w h i c h RBS employees s o u g h t

t o i n f l u e n c e Yen LIBOR r a t e s i n t w o p r i n c i p a l ways: (1)

i n t e r n a l l y a t RBS t h r o u g h r e q u e s t s b y d e r i v a t i v e s t r a d e r s f o r

f a v o r a b l e LIBOR s u b m i s s i o n s and (2) t h r o u g h c o m m u n i c a t i o n s w i t h

a d e r i v a t i v e s t r a d e r a t a n o t h e r C o n t r i b u t o r P a n e l bank. D e t a i l s

a nd e x a m p l e s o f t h i s c o n d u c t a r e s e t f o r t h b e l o w .

1 ) Manipulation Within RBS of its Yen LIBOR Submissions

19. I n s t a n c e s o f i n t e r n a l e f f o r t s t o m a n i p u l a t e Yen LIBOR

s u b m i s s i o n s d a t e b a c k a t l e a s t t o 2006, and i n v o l v e r e q u e s t s

f r o m RBS d e r i v a t i v e s t r a d e r s t o a Yen LIBOR s u b m i t t e r o r a

ba c k u p Yen LIBOR s u b m i t t e r t o s u b m i t r a t e s t h a t w o u l d b e n e f i t

t h e i r d e r i v a t i v e s t r a d i n g p o s i t i o n s . On many o c c a s i o n s , t h e RBS

s u b m i t t e r accommodated t h e d e r i v a t i v e s t r a d e r s ' r e q u e s t s .

3 C e r t a i n RBS d e r i v a t i v e t r a d e r s r e f e r e n c e d l a t e r i n t h i s

S t a t e m e n t o f F a c t s e a r n e d s u b s t a n t i a l b onuses d u r i n g y e a r s i n

w h i c h m a n i p u l a t i o n o c c u r r e d . I n a d d i t i o n , t h e t r a d i n g books o f

t h e s e t r a d e r s were h i g h l y p r o f i t a b l e d u r i n g t h e s e y e a r s .

9

20. S t a r t i n g as e a r l y as A u g u s t 2006, a Yen d e r i v a t i v e s

t r a d e r i n J a p a n 4 s e n t r e q u e s t s f o r f a v o r a b l e LIBOR s u b m i s s i o n s t o

a Yen d e r i v a t i v e s t r a d e r i n London, who i n t u r n sometimes

i n d i c a t e d he w o u l d s e e k a c c o m m o d a t i o n s f r o m S u b m i t t e r - 1 .

2 1 . S t a r t i n g i n e a r l y 2007, RBS d e r i v a t i v e s t r a d e r s made

more f r e q u e n t r e q u e s t s f o r m a n i p u l a t i o n s o f t h e Yen LIBOR

s u b m i s s i o n i n o r d e r t o b e n e f i t t h e i r t r a d i n g p o s i t i o n s . T h i s

i n c r e a s e i n 2007 b e g a n s h o r t l y a f t e r T r a d e r - 1 5 i n Tokyo began

w o r k i n g w i t h T r a d e r - 2 i n London on t h e Yen d e r i v a t i v e s book, a n d

T r a d e r - 3 j o i n e d t h e Yen d e r i v a t i v e s swaps d e s k i n London.

22. T r a d e r - 1 a n d T r a d e r - 2 w o u l d o f t e n d i s c u s s t h e i r need

f o r LIBOR i n a s p e c i f i c t e n o r t o move i n a ' p a r t i c u l a r d i r e c t i o n

o n a s p e c i f i c day o r o v e r a p e r i o d o f days t o b e n e f i t a Yen

d e r i v a t i v e s t r a d i n g p o s i t i o n , and T r a d e r - 2 g e n e r a l l y w o u l d p a s s

on t h e r e q u e s t t o - S u b m i t t e r - 1 . F o r example, i n an e l e c t r o n i c

c h a t on F e b r u a r y 14, 2 0 07, i n v o l v i n g , among o t h e r s , T r a d e r - 1 a n d

T r a d e r - 2 , T r a d e r - 1 s t a t e d , 5 "3m l i b o r seem t o be s e t l o w t o d a y ..

we have b i g f i x i n g t o m o r r o w . " 7 T r a d e r - 2 r e s p o n d e d " y e s , " and

4 T h i s d e r i v a t i v e s t r a d e r , who i s a l s o i d e n t i f i e d i n f o o t n o t e 8,

was e m p l o y e d by RBSSJ.

5 T h i s d e r i v a t i v e s t r a d e r was e m p l o y e d b y RBSSJ u n t i l December

2009. I n 2010, T r a d e r - 1 was e m p l o y e d by RBS's S i n g a p o r e b r a n c h .

6 A l l q u o t e s i n t h i s S t a t e m e n t o f F a c t s a r e p r e s e n t e d as i n t h e

o r i g i n a l t e x t o f t h e document, i n c l u d i n g g r a m m a t i c a l , s p e l l i n g ,

a n d o t h e r m i s t a k e s .

7 A " f i x i n g , " i n t h i s c o n t e x t , r e f e r s t o t h e d a t e ( o f w h i c h t h e r e

t y p i c a l l y was more t h a n one) on w h i c h a t l e a s t one p a r t y ' s

10

t h e n a s k e d , "250 f i x i n g t o m o r r o w ? " T r a d e r - 1 s t a t e d "yep," t o

w h i c h T r a d e r - 2 t h e n r e s p o n d e d , " [ S u b m i t t e r - 1 ] w i l l t r y f o r u s . "

The n e x t d ay, RBS's 3-month Yen LIBOR s u b m i s s i o n i n c r e a s e d f o u r

b a s i s p o i n t s .

23. T r a d e r - 1 s ometimes p a s s e d h i s r e q u e s t s t h r o u g h o t h e r

money m a r k e t t r a d e r s . F o r example, i n an e l e c t r o n i c c h a t on May

3, 2007, T r a d e r - 1 a s k e d a j u n i o r d e r i v a t i v e s t r a d e r who a c t e d as

a b a c k u p Yen LIBOR s u b m i t t e r , "can y o u do me a f a v o u r ? ..can y o u

d r o p a n o t e t o [ S u b m i t t e r - 1 ] (JPY money mkt d e a l e r ) t o s e t l o w

lm and l o w 3m JPY l i b o r t o d a y p l e a s e ? Thanks." The j u n i o r

b a c k u p s u b m i t t e r r e s p o n d e d , " j u s t gave h i m a s h o u t , s a i d a l r e a d y

on i t . . . "

24. T r a d e r - 2 a l s o s e r v e d as a b a c k u p LIBOR s u b m i t t e r

d u r i n g t i m e s when S u b m i t t e r - 1 was away f r o m t h e desk, and on

some o c c a s i o n s made LIBOR s u b m i s s i o n s t o b e n e f i t d e r i v a t i v e s

t r a d i n g b o o k s . Thus, f o r example, on A u g u s t 20, 2 007, T r a d e r - 1

n o t e d i n an e l e c t r o n i c c h a t t h a t " [ T r a d e r - 2 ] i s t h e one s e t t i n g

t h e j p y l i b o r i n l o n d o n now .. f o r t h i s week and n e x t . " The

r e a s o n was t h a t " [ S u b m i t t e r - 1 ] i s on l e a v e . " The n e x t day,

a n o t h e r T o k y o - b a s e d d e r i v a t i v e s t r a d e r , T r a d e r - 4 , 8 a s k e d "where's

y o u n g [ T r a d e r - 2 ] t h i n k i n g o f s e t t i n g i t ? " T r a d e r - 2 r e s p o n d e d ,

o b l i g a t i o n u n d e r t h e t e r m s o f a d e r i v a t i v e c o n t r a c t w o u l d be

v a l u e d f o r t h e p u r p o s e o f e x c h a n g i n g p a y m e n t s . The s i z e o f t h e

f i x i n g i s b a s e d on t h e n o t i o n a l v a l u e i n v o l v e d i n t h e t r a d e .

8 T h i s t r a d e r was e m p l o y e d b y RBSSJ.

11

"where w o u l d y o u l i k e i t , " t h e n " l i b o r t h a t i s , " t h e n "same as

y e s t e r d a y i s c a l l . " T r a d e r - 4 s a i d , "haha, g l a d y o u c l a r i f i e d !

m i x e d f e e l i n g s b u t m o s t l y I ' d l i k e i t a l l l o w e r so t h e w o r l d

s t a r t s t o make a l i t t l e more se n s e . " T r a d e r - 1 t h e n w e i g h e d i n ,

o b s e r v i n g t h a t " t h e w h o l e HF w o r l d w i l l be k i s s i n g y o u i n s t e a d

o f c a l l i n g me i f l i b o r move l o w e r . " T r a d e r - 2 r e s p o n d e d , "ok, i

w i l l move t h e c u r v e down . . . 1 bp . . . maybe more . . . i f i

c a n . " T r a d e r - 1 s u g g e s t e d t h a t t h e t i m e t o move was n o t now:

"maybe a f t e r t o m o r r o w f i x i n g hehehe." T r a d e r - 2 r e s p o n d e d ,

" f i n e . . . w i l l go w i t h same as y e s t e r d a y t h e n . "

25. A t t i m e s , d e r i v a t i v e s t r a d e r s who had d i f f e r e n t

t r a d i n g b o o k s and c o n f l i c t i n g i n t e r e s t s i n t h e d i r e c t i o n o f

LIBOR c o m p e t e d f o r s u b m i s s i o n s . On March 27, 2008, f o r example,

T r a d e r - 1 and T r a d e r - 2 e x p r e s s e d f r u s t r a t i o n t h a t T r a d e r - 3 ,

a n o t h e r Yen d e r i v a t i v e s t r a d e r b a s e d i n London, a t t e m p t e d t o

i n f l u e n c e RBS's LIBOR s u b m i s s i o n . T r a d e r - 1 a s k e d T r a d e r - 2 , "we

change t h e l i b o r l o w e r ? , " t o w h i c h T r a d e r - 2 r e s p o n d e d , " i was i n

a n o v a t i o n m e e t i n g and [ T r a d e r - 3 ] a s k e d [a j u n i o r Yen

d e r i v a t i v e s t r a d e r s e r v i n g as a b a c k u p Yen LIBOR s u b m i t t e r ] t o

p u t i t l o w . " T r a d e r - 1 o p i n e d t h a t " [ T r a d e r - 3 ] shud have j u s t

s q e d 9 i t w i t h us i f he need i t lower...cos i d o n t t h i n k t h e y have

as b i g p o s i t i o n as us n e x t f ew weeks...i d o n t t h i n k [ T r a d e r - 3 ] o r

t h e l o n g end g u y s shud e v e r t o u c h t h e l i b o r . . . t h e y shd c h e c k w i t h

9 The c o n t e x t i n d i c a t e s T r a d e r - 1 meant " s q u a r e d . "

12

u s . " T r a d e r - 2 r e s p o n d e d , " i know," and T r a d e r - 1 c o m p l a i n e d t h a t

" t h a t s p r o b a b l y gonna c o s t us 2 0 0k g b p 1 0 . "

26. L a t e r i n t h e same March 27, 2008 e l e c t r o n i c c h a t ,

T r a d e r - 1 and T r a d e r - 2 d i s c u s s e d t h e i r n eed t o i n c r e a s e LIBOR t h e

n e x t d a y t o b e n e f i t t h e i r t r a d i n g p o s i t i o n :

T r a d e r - 1 : t o m o r r o w we need t o bump i t [ 6 - m o n t h

LIBOR] way up h i g h .. h i g h e s t among a l l

i f p o s s i b l e

* * * *

T r a d e r - 1 : we need t o bump up a l l t h e way i n t h e

3mth l i b o r t o m o r r o w as w e l l

T r a d e r - 2 : we w i l l p u t i t i n t o n m o r r o w m o r n i n g and

no one w i l l t o u c h i t i p r o m i s e y o u .

The n e x t day, RBS i n c r e a s e d i t s 3-month Yen LIBOR s u b m i s s i o n b y

t h r e e b a s i s p o i n t s , m a k i n g i t t h e s e c o n d - h i g h e s t s u b m i s s i o n , and

i n c r e a s e d i t s 6-month s u b m i s s i o n b y f i v e b a s i s p o i n t s , m a k i n g i t

t h e t h i r d - h i g h e s t s u b m i s s i o n .

27. On a t l e a s t one o c c a s i o n , an RBS Yen d e r i v a t i v e s

t r a d e r r e c o g n i z e d t h a t i t m i g h t be n e c e s s a r y t o have an e x c u s e

f o r m a n i p u l a t i n g RBS's Yen LIBOR c o n t r i b u t i o n s t h a t day. On

A u g u s t 28, 2008, T r a d e r - 2 a s k e d T r a d e r - 1 , "where s h a l l we p u t

l i b o r s . " T r a d e r - 1 r e s p o n d e d , " h i g h 3m ... l o w 6m." They t h e n

d i s c u s s e d t h e 1-month LIBOR s u b m i s s i o n . T r a d e r 2 s a i d , " I s ? " ,

1 0 T h i s a c r o n y m r e f e r s t o t h e B r i t i s h Pound.

13

t o w h i c h T r a d e r - 1 r e s p o n d e d : " l o w . . . so we d o n t n e e d t o

change 1 t o d a y . . . p r e t e n d we f o r g o t . . .we c a n change i t

t o m o r r o w . . . a s s u m i n g no one e l s e i n bank has any p o s i t i o n i n

I s . " RBS k e p t i t s 1-month Yen LIBOR s u b m i s s i o n u n c h a n g e d t h a t

day, t y i n g i t f o r t h e t h i r d l o w e s t o f a l l C o n t r i b u t o r P a n e l

b a n k s . And, c o n s i s t e n t w i t h T r a d e r - 1 ' s r e q u e s t , RBS's 3-month

Yen LIBOR s u b m i s s i o n i n c r e a s e d b y t w o b a s i s p o i n t s , a n d i t s 6-

m o n t h Yen LIBOR s u b m i s s i o n d e c l i n e d b y one b a s i s p o i n t .

28. T r a d e r - 1 and T r a d e r - 2 on o c c a s i o n p a s s e d t h e i r

r e q u e s t s t o S u b m i t t e r - 1 f o r LIBOR c o n t r i b u t i o n l e v e l s t h r o u g h a

j u n i o r d e r i v a t i v e s t r a d e r , T r a d e r - 5 , who w o r k e d on t h e Yen desk

i n London u n d e r T r a d e r 2. F o r example, on A p r i l 24, 2009,

T r a d e r - 5 a s k e d S u b m i t t e r - 1 , "Can we go w i t h h i g h 3s a n d h i g h 6s

p l z t o d a y . " S u b m i t t e r - 1 r e s p o n d e d , " t h e y a r e l o o k i n g h b i t

s o f t e r , b u t w i l l t r y and keep o u r s u n c h . " 1 1 T r a d e r - 5 r e s p o n d e d ,

" t h n x . " RBS's 3-month and 6-month Yen LIBOR s u b m i s s i o n s on t h a t

d a y were u n c h a n g e d f r o m t h e day b e f o r e , and b o t h were above t h e

a c t u a l LIBOR f i x .

29. On a n o t h e r o c c a s i o n , i n an e l e c t r o n i c c h a t o n

September 23, 2009, T r a d e r - 1 s a i d t o T r a d e r - 5 , "hey... c a n y o u ask

[ S u b m i t t e r - 1 ] i f he c a n l o w e r h i s 3mth L i b o r b y 1 bp t o d a y ? and

e v e r y t h i n g e l s e u n c h a n g e . " T r a d e r - 5 r e s p o n d e d , " y e s , " t h e n

1 1 I n t h e c o n t e x t o f t h e RBS c h a t s , "unch" a p p e a r s t o mean t h a t

t h e LIBOR w o u l d be u n c h a n g e d f r o m t h e p r e v i o u s day.

14

" a s k i n g , " a n d f i n a l l y , " a g r e e d . " On t h a t day, RBS l o w e r e d i t s

3-month Yen LIBOR s u b m i s s i o n one b a s i s p o i n t compared t o t h e

p r e v i o u s day.

30. On a n o t h e r o c c a s i o n , on A p r i l 22, 2009, T r a d e r - 2 a s k e d

S u b m i t t e r - 1 i n an e l e c t r o n i c c h a t , "can we p u s h up 6m a g a i n

p i s ? " S u b m i t t e r - 1 r e s p o n d e d , "ok w i l l t r y . " T r a d e r - 2 t h e n

a s k e d , "what do y o u t h i n k we c a n go f o r ? , " t o w h i c h S u b m i t t e r - 1

r e s p o n d e d , "77." T h a t day, RBS's 6-month Yen LIBOR s u b m i s s i o n

i n c r e a s e d b y one b a s i s p o i n t t o 0.77, m a k i n g RBS t h e h i g h e s t

s u b m i t t e r among t h e e i g h t b anks i n c l u d e d i n t h a t day's LIBOR

f i x i n g . RBS a l s o h a d i n c r e a s e d t h i s s u b m i s s i o n one b a s i s p o i n t

o n t h e p r e v i o u s day.

3 1 . R e q u e s t s f o r f a v o r a b l e Yen LIBOR s u b m i s s i o n s w ere

o f t e n t r e a t e d i n a r o u t i n e , e v e n c a s u a l , manner. One example i s

a May 20, 2009 exchange i n an e l e c t r o n i c c h a t i n v o l v i n g T r a d e r - 2

a n d S u b m i t t e r - 1 , among o t h e r s :

T r a d e r - 2 : h i g h 3s and l o w 6s p i s [ S u b m i t t e r - 1 ]

S u b m i t t e r - 1 : no p r o b l e m s

T r a d e r - 2 : g r a z i a s amigo . . . where w i l l y o u

l o w e r 6s t o ?

S u b m i t t e r - 1 : 70

RBS's 6-month Yen LIBOR s u b m i s s i o n on May 2 0 d r o p p e d t w o b a s i s

p o i n t s f r o m 0.72 (where i t h a d been t h e p r e c e d i n g two d a y s ) t o

0.70, and on t h e f o l l o w i n g t w o days i t r e v e r t e d t o 0.72.

32. A s e c o n d example i s an e l e c t r o n i c c h a t d a t e d September

15, 2009, i n w h i c h T r a d e r - 2 a s k e d , "can we l o w e r o u r f i x i n g s

t o d a y p l e a s e [ S u b m i t t e r - 1 ] . " S u b m i t t e r - 1 r e s p o n d e d , "make y o u r

m i n d up," t h e n "haha , y e s no p r o b s . " T r a d e r - 2 s t a t e d , " i m l i k e

a w h o r e s d r a w e r s . " RBS l o w e r e d i t s 3-month and 6-month Yen

LIBOR s u b m i s s i o n s on t h a t day, and k e p t i t s 1-month s u b m i s s i o n

t h e same.

33. The r e q u e s t s f r o m T r a d e r - 1 and T r a d e r - 2 c o n t i n u e d

t h r o u g h o u t 2 010. F o r e x a m p l e , on J u l y 20, 2010, T r a d e r - 1 , i n an

e l e c t r o n i c c h a t w i t h T r a d e r - 2 , a s k e d , "can y o u a s k [ S u b m i t t e r - 1 ]

t o s e t 6m JPY h i g h e r t o d a y ? 45 w o u l d be g o od.." T r a d e r - 2

r e s p o n d e d , "yes i d i d " and "he w i l l bump i t up a p o i n t . " On

t h a t day, RBS's 6-month Yen LIBOR s u b m i s s i o n i n c r e a s e d f r o m 0.44

t o 0.45.

34. By a t l e a s t September 2010, c e r t a i n RBS Yen

d e r i v a t i v e s t r a d e r s became aware o f a p r o h i b i t i o n on

c o m m u n i c a t i n g a b o u t r e q u e s t s f o r LIBOR s u b m i s s i o n s . On

S eptember 24, 2010, i n an e l e c t r o n i c c h a t i n v o l v i n g T r a d e r - 1 ,

T r a d e r - 2 , and T r a d e r - 5 , among o t h e r s , T r a d e r - 1 i n i t i a t e d a

r e q u e s t b y s t a t i n g , "hey [ T r a d e r - 2 ] , c a n y o u a s k [ S u b m i t t e r - 1 ]

t o p u s h 6m JPY L i b o r up 2 bps t o 44." T r a d e r - 2 r e s p o n d e d , "ha .

. . i w i l l m e n t i o n i t . . . no e m a i l s anymore . . . a f t e r t o r n 1 2 . "

1 2 The c o n t e x t o f t h e r e m a i n d e r o f t h e e l e c t r o n i c c h a t s u g g e s t s

t h i s i s a r e f e r e n c e t o Tom Hayes.

16

T r a d e r - 1 r e p l i e d , "haha...i h e a r d he c a l l e d up BBA t o a s k them t o

change t h e way t h e y f i x t h e l i b o r . "

35. A month l a t e r , on O c t o b e r 28, 2010, T r a d e r - 1 , i n an

e l e c t r o n i c c h a t w i t h T r a d e r - 2 , i n d i c a t e d t h a t he w o u l d make h i s

r e q u e s t o r a l l y r a t h e r t h a n i n an e l e c t r o n i c c o m m u n i c a t i o n :

T r a d e r - 1 : i t w o u l d h e l p i f [ S u b m i t t e r - 1 ] h i k e up

1 bp t o d a y

T r a d e r - 2 : i t r y , a f t e r t h e tomhayes t h i n g i t s

more d i f f i c u l t . . . i f e e l t h e more i

ask t h e more he wont . . . o u t o f

p r i n c i p a l

T r a d e r - 1 : t r u e

T r a d e r - 2 : cos i c a n t t y p e i t on c h a t anymore . .

. i have t o w a l k o v e r

36. I n a November 22, 2010, e l e c t r o n i c c h a t , T r a d e r - 1 and

T r a d e r - 2 d i s c u s s e d t h e i r v i e w t h a t t h e y s h o u l d t a k e o v e r

s u b m i t t i n g Yen LIBOR on b e h a l f o f RBS:

T r a d e r - 1 : a c t u a l l y we s h d j u s t t a k e o v e r t h e

l i b o r s e t t i n g

T r a d e r - 2 : hahaha

T r a d e r - 1 : d o e s n t make sense f o r h i m [ S u b m i t t e r - 1 ]

cuz he d o e s n t have any r i s k

T r a d e r - 2 : i a g r e e

17

T r a d e r - 1 : [A manager i n S i n g a p o r e ] q u e s t i o n t o d a y

why [ S u b m i t t e r - 1 ] s e t s i t when he

d o e s n t even have any r i s k

T r a d e r - 2 : b u t l i b o r i guess t e c h n i c a l l y i s n t

meant t o be s e t b y r i s k t a k e r s

T r a d e r - 1 : y e s b u t why g i v e i t away t h e a d v a n t a g e ?

37. E a r l i e r i n t h a t same e l e c t r o n i c c h a t , T r a d e r - 1 and

T r a d e r - 2 i n d i c a t e d t h e y were aware t h a t LIBOR was c o m i n g u n d e r

s c r u t i n y , y e t t h e y c o n t i n u e d t o d i s c u s s how Yen LIBOR l e v e l s

c o u l d be m a n i p u l a t e d f o r t h e i r b e n e f i t :

T r a d e r - 1

T r a d e r - 2 :

T r a d e r - 1 :

T r a d e r - 1 :

T r a d e r - 2 :

T r a d e r - 1 :

T r a d e r - 2 :

T r a d e r - 1 :

T r a d e r - 2 :

h e y ... y o u t h i n k we be a b l e t o c o n v i n c e

[ S u b m i t t e r - 1 ] t o change t h e l i b o r

t o d a y ?

i c a n t r y

need t o d r o p 3mth L i b o r and h i k e 6m

L i b o r

he d r o p p e d 6m b y 2 bps l a s t f r i d a y

a t t h e moment t h e FED a r e a l l o v e r us

a b o u t l i b o r s

t h a t s f o r t h e USD?

y e r s

d un t h i n k anyone c a r e s t h e JPY l i b o r

n o t y e t

18

38. I n 2010, a f t e r RBS began an i n v e s t i g a t i o n i n t o c e r t a i n

LIBOR r e p o r t i n g p r a c t i c e s i n r e s p o n s e t o i n q u i r i e s f r o m

g o v e r n m e n t a l a u t h o r i t i e s , t h e he a d o f money m a r k e t t r a d i n g i n

London i n s t r u c t e d o t h e r money m a r k e t t r a d e r s t h a t t h e y were n o t

t o a c c e p t r e q u e s t s f o r LIBOR s u b m i s s i o n s f r o m d e r i v a t i v e s

t r a d e r s . N o n e t h e l e s s , on November 24, 2010, a f t e r T r a d e r - 1 s e n t

a n e l e c t r o n i c message t o S u b m i t t e r - 1 a s k i n g t o i n c r e a s e t h e 6-

mo n t h s u b m i s s i o n t o s u i t a t r a d i n g p o s i t i o n , S u b m i t t e r - 1 c a l l e d

T r a d e r - 1 and s t a t e d t h a t "we a r e n o t a l l o w e d t o have t h o s e

c o n v e r s a t i o n s on M i n d a l i g n . " 1 3 T r a d e r - 1 r e f e r e n c e d " t h e BBA

t h i n g , " a f t e r w h i c h S u b m i t t e r - 1 s t a t e d , " l e a v e i t w i t h me and,

u h , i t w o n 't be a p r o b l e m . . ." T r a d e r - 1 r e s p o n d e d , "ok,

g r e a t . "

39. From l a t e 2006 u n t i l , i n some i n s t a n c e s , mid-2009, RBS

c o m b i n e d t h e s h o r t - t e r m i n t e r e s t r a t e d e s k s and money m a r k e t s

d e s k s s u c h t h a t d e r i v a t i v e s t r a d e r s and money m a r k e t t r a d e r s

( i n c l u d i n g LIBOR s u b m i t t e r s ) i n London g e n e r a l l y s a t t o g e t h e r b y

c u r r e n c y teams. T h i s f a c i l i t a t e d g r e a t e r c o m m u n i c a t i o n b e t w e e n

d e r i v a t i v e s t r a d e r s and money m a r k e t t r a d e r s , and, among o t h e r

t h i n g s , made i t e a s i e r f o r some d e r i v a t i v e s t r a d e r s t o r e q u e s t

LIBOR s u b m i s s i o n s b ecause t h e y were i n c l o s e r p h y s i c a l p r o x i m i t y

t o S u b m i t t e r - 1 . D u r i n g t h i s p e r i o d o f t i m e , some Yen

1 3 M i n d a l i g n was an i n t e r n a l RBS e l e c t r o n i c c h a t s y s t e m .

19

d e r i v a t i v e s t r a d e r s s e a t e d n e a r S u b m i t t e r - 1 made o r a l r e q u e s t s

t o h i m f o r f a v o r a b l e LIBOR s u b m i s s i o n s .

2) The Role of RBS Management

40. A t l e a s t t w o RBS m a n a g e r s 1 4 were aware o f s i g n i f i c a n t

c o n f l i c t s o f i n t e r e s t w i t h d e r i v a t i v e s t r a d e r s a c t i n g as b a c k u p

LIBOR s u b m i t t e r s . M o r e o v e r , one o f t h e s e managers was aware o f ,

and a t t i m e s p a r t i c i p a t e d i n , t h e m a n i p u l a t i o n o f t h e RBS Yen

LIBOR s u b m i s s i o n s b y d e r i v a t i v e s t r a d e r s as d e s c r i b e d above.

4 1 . F o r example, on A u g u s t 22, 2 007, M a n a g e r - l 1 5 became

aware t h a t T r a d e r - 2 , who was a c t i n g as a b a c k u p Yen LIBOR

s u b m i t t e r t h a t d ay, made RBS's s u b m i s s i o n f o r h i s own b e n e f i t .

M a nager-1 a s k e d , " H i Mate, where a r e u c a l l i n g t h e 6m and 3s

L i b o r t o d a y ? " T r a d e r - 2 r e s p o n d e d , " i p u t i n 1.05 and 1.15."

Manager-1 s a i d "ok c o o l . . . i s t h a t c l o s e t o c o n s e n s u s ? , " t o

w h i c h T r a d e r - 2 r e s p o n d e d , " i t h i n k my 3s a r e t o o h i g h . . . 6s

w i l l p r o b be 1.13 t o o . . . b u t i w a n t e d h i g h f i x e s t o d a y . "

L a t e r , T r a d e r - 2 a s k e d , " w e l l l e t me know i f y o u have any

p r e f e r e n c v e s . . . e a c h day." Manager-1 r e s p o n d e d , " t h x w i l l

do. "

42. L a t e r , i n an e l e c t r o n i c c h a t on December 3, 2007,

Manager-1 c o m m u n i c a t e d h i s own r e q u e s t s f o r t h e d i r e c t i o n o f

1 4 The t e r m "manager," as u s e d h e r e i n , does n o t i n c l u d e members

o f t h e b o a r d o f d i r e c t o r s , e x e c u t i v e b o a r d , o r e x e c u t i v e

management.

1 5 T h i s manager was e m p l o y e d b y RBSSJ a t t h i s t i m e .

20

LIBOR t o T r a d e r - 3 , w i t h whom he s h a r e d a Yen t r a d i n g book.

M a n a g e r - 1 s a i d t o T r a d e r - 3 , " f o r c h o i c e we want l o w e r l i b o r s . . .

l e t t h e MM guys know p i s . " T r a d e r - 3 r e s p o n d e d t h a t he was

s e r v i n g as t h e s u b m i t t e r t h a t day "as [ T r a d e r - 2 ] and c a s h g uy

o f f . " M anager-1 t h e n s a i d " g r e a t . . . s e t i t n i c e and l o w . "

T r a d e r - 3 s u g g e s t e d 1.02 " o r l o w e r " f o r t h e 6-month Yen LIBOR

s u b m i s s i o n , t o w h i c h Manager-1 r e s p o n d e d , "yeh l o w e r . " T r a d e r - 3

i n d i c a t e d t h a t he c o u l d go down one more b a s i s p o i n t t o 1.01,

w h i c h he d i d - m a k i n g RBS t h e l o w e s t o f a l l C o n t r i b u t o r P a n e l

b a n k s whose LIBOR s u b m i s s i o n s were c o u n t e d i n t h a t d ay's f i x i n g .

3) Interbank Coordination of Rate Submissions

43. A t l e a s t as e a r l y as F e b r u a r y 2007, an RBS d e r i v a t i v e s

t r a d e r , T r a d e r - 3 , a n d Tom A l e x a n d e r W i l l i a m Hayes ( " H a y e s " ) , 1 5 a

d e r i v a t i v e s t r a d e r a t a Japanese s u b s i d i a r y o f a n o t h e r Yen LIBOR

C o n t r i b u t o r P a n e l b ank, UBS AG ("UBS"), a g r e e d t o r e q u e s t t h a t

t h e i r r e s p e c t i v e Yen LIBOR s u b m i t t e r s c o n t r i b u t e Yen LIBOR

s u b m i s s i o n s t o b e n e f i t t h e i r t r a d i n g p o s i t i o n s . I n 2008, Hayes

and a n o t h e r RBS t r a d e r , T r a d e r - 6 , a g r e e d t o make r e q u e s t s t o

b e n e f i t Hayes's t r a d i n g p o s i t i o n s , and, i n 2010, a f t e r T r a d e r - 6

h a d l e f t RBS and moved t o an i n t e r d e a l e r b r o k e r , 1 7 Hayes e n l i s t e d

1 5 Hayes h a d p r e v i o u s l y been e m p l o y e d a t RBS as a Yen d e r i v a t i v e s

t r a d e r .

1 7 I n t e r d e a l e r B r o k e r s t r a c k b i d s and o f f e r s o f c a s h i n t h e

m a r k e t a n d a s s i s t d e r i v a t i v e s and money m a r k e t t r a d e r s i n

a r r a n g i n g t r a n s a c t i o n s b e t w e e n f i n a n c i a l i n s t i t u t i o n s and o t h e r

m a r k e t p a r t i c i p a n t s .

21

T r a d e r - 6 t o c o n v e y r e q u e s t s t o RBS f o r t h e p u r p o s e o f

i n f l u e n c i n g RBS's Yen LIBOR s u b m i s s i o n s .

44. As e a r l y as F e b r u a r y 2, 2 007, T r a d e r - 3 knew t h a t Hayes

c o m m u n i c a t e d w i t h a n o t h e r C o n t r i b u t o r P a n e l bank, Bank-A, as

p a r t o f Hayes's e f f o r t t o m a n i p u l a t e Yen LIBOR. I n an

e l e c t r o n i c c h a t t h a t day, Hayes s t a t e d :

Hayes: . . . 3m l i b o r i s t o o h i g h cause i have

k e p t i t a r t i f i c i a l l y h i g h .

T r a d e r - 3 : how

Hayes: b e i n g mates w i t h t h e c a s h d e s k s , [Bank-

A] and i a l w a y s h e l p e a c h o t h e r o u t . .

. t o o .

T r a d e r - 3 : ok t h a t s u s e f u l t o know. . .

45. On numerous o c c a s i o n s i n 2007, Hayes r e q u e s t e d t h a t

T r a d e r - 3 a s k t h e RBS Yen LIBOR s u b m i t t e r t o move RBS's LIBOR

s u b m i s s i o n i n a p a r t i c u l a r d i r e c t i o n ( i . e . , up o r down) o r t o

c o n t r i b u t e a p a r t i c u l a r LIBOR s u b m i s s i o n i n o r d e r t o b e n e f i t

Hayes's t r a d i n g p o s i t i o n s . T r a d e r - 3 o f t e n a g r e e d t o make t h e

r e q u e s t . On a f e w o c c a s i o n s , T r a d e r - 3 s i m i l a r l y r e q u e s t e d t h a t

Hayes a s k UBS's Yen LIBOR s u b m i t t e r t o make a c o n t r i b u t i o n t h a t

w o u l d b e n e f i t T r a d e r - 3 ' s t r a d i n g p o s i t i o n s , a nd Hayes a g r e e d t o

make t h e r e q u e s t s .

46. F o r example, o v e r a p e r i o d o f a p p r o x i m a t e l y t e n da y s

i n F e b r u a r y 2007, Hayes and T r a d e r - 3 d i s c u s s e d l o w e r i n g t h e 1 -

22

m o n t h Yen LIBOR t o b e n e f i t t h e i r t r a d i n g p o s i t i o n s , i n a d d i t i o n

t o c o o r d i n a t i n g r e q u e s t s i n o t h e r t e n o r s . I n an e l e c t r o n i c c h a t

on F e b r u a r y 8, 20 07, Hayes r e q u e s t e d t h a t T r a d e r - 3 a s k RBS's Yen

LIBOR s u b m i t t e r t o c o n t r i b u t e a l o w 1-month Yen LIBOR

s u b m i s s i o n :

Hayes: can y o u do me a huge f a v o u r , can y o u

a s k y o u r c a s h guys t o s e t l m l i b o r l o w

f o r t h e n e x t few days . . . i ' l l r e t u r n

t h e f a v o u r as when y o u need i t . . . as

l o n g as i t d o e s n ' t go a g a i n s t y o u r

f i x e s . . . have 3 0m j p y o f f i x e s o v e r

t h e n e x t f e w days

T r a d e r - 3 : y e a h i w i l l t r y

L a t e r i n t h e same c h a t , Hayes n o t e d t h a t he " l o s t l o t s t o d a y . .

. hence r e a l l y n e e d a h a n d on l m l i b . . . p i s d o n ' t f o r g e t . "

T r a d e r - 3 r e s p o n d e d , "ok i w i l l t r y my b e s t . " T r a d e r - 3 and Hayes

t h e n d i s c u s s e d o t h e r t o p i c s , and a t t h e end o f t h e c o n v e r s a t i o n ,

Hayes r e m i n d e d T r a d e r - 3 o f h i s r e q u e s t f o r a l o w 1-month Yen

LIBOR:

Hayes: oh w e l l i am o f f home d r e a m i n g o f a l o w

lm l i b o r !

T r a d e r - 3 : good l u c k what s o r t f o l e v e l do u want

Hayes: i f y o u can g e t a .42 s i x t h a t wd be

g r e a t . . . f i x . . . n o t s i x

23

T r a d e r - 3 : 0 .42

Hayes: t h a t s t h e one!

T r a d e r - 3 : ok w i l l speak t o me g u y i n a sec

47. The n e x t day, i n an e l e c t r o n i c c h a t d a t e d F e b r u a r y 9,

2007, Hayes t h a n k e d T r a d e r - 3 . The two t r a d e r s d i s c u s s e d w h e t h e r

t h e i r t r a d i n g p o s i t i o n s , and t h u s t h e i r p r e f e r r e d Yen LIBOR

l e v e l s , were a l i g n e d , and Hayes r e q u e s t e d a l o w f i x i n g :

Hayes:

T r a d e r - 3

t h x h e l p l m y / d a y a p p r e c i a t e d

no w o r r i e s

* * * *

Hayes: c a n y o u a s k f o r a l o w l m a g a i n t o d a y

p i s i f ok? . . . t o d a y s f i x i s 12m . .

. y o u need a n y t h i n g on 3m o r 6m?

T r a d e r - 3 : no my book i s s t i l l t i n y i w i l l go f o r

l o w l i b o r a g a i n . . . i t s u i t s me t o o

as i am s h o r t t h e s p r e a d s

Hayes: ok t h a n k s

48. L a t e r i n t h e same c h a t , T r a d e r - 3 and Hayes d i s c u s s e d

t h e i r m u t u a l i n t e r e s t i n l o w 1-month and o t h e r Yen LIBOR

s u b m i s s i o n s , a n d Hayes t o l d T r a d e r - 3 t h a t he w o u l d c o n t a c t Bank-

A as w e l l :

T r a d e r - 3 i t o l d my c a s h g u y i w a n t l o w l m and 3m

f i x e s and h i g h 6 m t h a t s u i t s uu r i g h t

Hayes:

T r a d e r - 3

Hayes:

T r a d e r - 3

Hayes:

T r a d e r - 3

y e s a b s o l u t e l y , i s t h a t ok w i t h you? we

w i l l be e x a c t l y t h e same . . . am g o i n g

t o t a l k t o [Bank-A] as w e l l

p e r f e c t

c o o l . . . y o u i n monday?

y e a h a b i t

ok g e t them t o s e t t h e same f i x e s

monday as w e l l i f ok

s u r e

49. On F e b r u a r y 13 and, 14, 2007, Hayes a g a i n r e q u e s t e d

t h a t T r a d e r - 3 a s k RBS's Yen LIBOR s u b m i t t e r f o r a l o w 1-month

Yen LIBOR c o n t r i b u t i o n , and i n f o r m e d T r a d e r - 3 t h a t Hayes w o u l d

c o n t i n u e t o need a l o w 1-month Yen LIBOR u n t i l F e b r u a r y 15,

2007.

50. I n an e l e c t r o n i c c h a t on F e b r u a r y 15, 2007, Hayes

r e q u e s t e d t h a t T r a d e r - 3 make a r e q u e s t t o t h e RBS Yen LIBOR

s u b m i t t e r f o r l o w 1-month and h i g h 6-month s u b m i s s i o n s , and

T r a d e r - 3 a g r e e d t o do so:

Hayes: can y o u ask f o r a l o w l m f i x a g a i n . .

. wd r e a l l y h e l p

* * * *

T r a d e r - 3 : s u r e i t s u i t e me t o g e t l o w I s and s .

. . 3s

25

Hayes: t h a n k s n e e d h i g h 6's t h o i f ok w i t h

you?

•k ie -k *

T r a d e r - 3 : i have g o t n o t h i n g i n 6s u n t i l t h e 19

f i x d a t e when i n e e d a h i g h one t o o

Hayes: ok t h x [ T r a d e r - 3 ]

T r a d e r - 3 : so y e a h t h a t s f i n e w i t h me my c a s h g u y

i s r u b b i s h a t g u e s s i n g where l i b o r s a r e

g o i n g t o be b u t he l i s t e n s t o what i

say

Hayes: t h a t s a r e l e i f

5 1 . L a t e r t h a t same day, T r a d e r - 3 a s k e d Hayes "how many

p e o p l e c a n y o u g e t t o p u t t h i s l m l i b o r l o w . " Hayes r e s p o n d e d ,

" w e l l us [Bank-A] and a few o t h e r s i t h i n k . "

52. W i t h i n m i n u t e s o f t h i s e x change, Hayes a s k e d a UBS Yen

LIBOR s u b m i t t e r t o c o n t r i b u t e a l o w 1-month and 6-month Yen

LIBOR s u b m i s s i o n . 1 8 Hayes t h e n a s k e d t h e UBS s u b m i t t e r i f he

knew anyone a t a n o t h e r C o n t r i b u t o r P a n e l b a n k t h a t he " c o u l d

h a v e a w o r d w i t h . . . as a f a v o u r . " The s u b m i t t e r r e p l i e d t h a t

he l a c k e d t h a t "edge" b u t s u g g e s t e d t h a t Hayes "have a w o r d w i t h

[ B a n k - A ] . " I n r e s p o n s e , Hayes s t a t e d t h a t he h a d " a l r e a d y done

t h a t . . . and r b s . "

1 8 RBS a c k n o w l e d g e s t h a t t h e g o v e r n m e n t p o s s e s s e s e v i d e n c e t h a t

w o u l d p r o v e t h e c o n t e n t s o f t h i s c o m m u n i c a t i o n .

26

53. Hayes o c c a s i o n a l l y c o m m u n i c a t e d t o T r a d e r - 3 h i s

e x p e c t a t i o n s a b o u t t h e d i r e c t i o n o f an u p c o m i n g UBS LIBOR

s u b m i s s i o n . I n an e l e c t r o n i c c h a t on F e b r u a r y 26, 2007, f o r

exa m p l e , Hayes a s k e d , "can y o u t r y t o g e t y o u r guys t o l e a v e

t h e i r 3m a n d l m l i b o r s unchanged." T r a d e r - 3 r e s p o n d e d , "yeah i

want l o w ones so t h a t s u i t s me." Hayes r e p l i e d b y c o m m u n i c a t i n g

UBS's i n t e n t i o n : "gd t h x mate . . . we a r e g o i n g l o w t o o . "

54. On a few o c c a s i o n s , T r a d e r - 3 a l s o r e q u e s t e d t h a t Hayes

a s k t h e UBS Yen LIBOR s u b m i t t e r t o c o n t r i b u t e a p a r t i c u l a r

s u b m i s s i o n o r t o move UBS's s u b m i s s i o n i n a p a r t i c u l a r d i r e c t i o n

( i . e . , up o r down) i n o r d e r t o b e n e f i t T r a d e r - 3 ' s t r a d i n g

p o s i t i o n s , a n d Hayes a g r e e d . I n an e l e c t r o n i c c h a t o n March 2,

2 0 07, t h e f o l l o w i n g exchange o c c u r r e d :

T r a d e r - 3 : p l e a s e p l e a s e l o w 6m f i x on monday . .

. i have g o t a i g f i x

Hayes: s u r e no w o r r i e s

* * * -k

Hayes: how b i g i s t h e f i x mate?

T r a d e r - 3 : 100 us b i g f o r me

Hayes: 10m j p y ? . . . y e s t h a t s q u i t e l r g e

200b 6m

55. On March 6, 2007, T r a d e r - 3 h a d t h e f o l l o w i n g exchange

w i t h Hayes i n an e l e c t r o n i c c h a t :

27

T r a d e r - 3 : y e a h c a n u go f r l o w e v e r y t h i n g p i s e .

. . i am

Hayes: w i l l do e l d do w i t h h i g h t h r e e s b u t

won't g e t i t we a r e t h e l o w e s t

L a t e r t h a t m o r n i n g , c o n s i s t e n t w i t h t h e r e q u e s t he r e c e i v e d f r o m

T r a d e r - 3 , Hayes h a d t h e f o l l o w i n g exchange w i t h UBS's Yen LIBOR

s u b m i t t e r : 1 9

Hayes,: h i p i s d o n ' t f o r g e t l o w l m and 6m! :)

. . . have l o t s f i x i n g

UBS s u b m i t t e r : mate i won't

56. On a few o c c a s i o n s , T r a d e r - 3 r e p o r t e d b a c k t o Hayes

t h a t he e x p e c t e d S u b m i t t e r - 1 t o accommodate a r e q u e s t . I n an

e l e c t r o n i c c h a t o n A p r i l 20, 2007, Hayes r e q u e s t e d t h a t T r a d e r - 3

a s k RBS's Yen LIBOR s u b m i t t e r f o r a l o w 3m Yen LIBOR s u b m i s s i o n :

Hayes: . . . i f y o u c o u l d a s k y o u r guys t o

keep 3m l o w wd be m a s s i v e h e l p as l o n g

as i t d o e s n ' t i n t e r f e r e w i t h y o u r s t u f f

. . . t x i n ad a v a n c e .

A p p r o x i m a t e l y 3 0 m i n u t e s l a t e r , Hayes and T r a d e r - 3 had t h e

f o l l o w i n g e x c h a n g e :

Hayes: mate d i d y o u manage t o spk t o y o u r c a s h

boys?

1 9 RBS a c k n o w l e d g e s t h a t t h e g o v e r n m e n t p o s s e s s e s e v i d e n c e t h a t

w o u l d p r o v e t h e c o n t e n t s o f t h i s c o m m u n i c a t i o n .

28

T r a d e r - 3 : yes u owe me t h e y a r e g o i n g 65 and 71

Hayes: t h x mate yes i do . . . i n f a c t i owe

y o u b i g t i m e

A p p r o x i m a t e l y 45 m i n u t e s l a t e r , Hayes s e n t t h e f o l l o w i n g message

t o T r a d e r - 3 :

Hayes: m a t e r t h e y s e t 64! . . . t h a t s b e y o n d

t h e c a l l o f d u t y !

•k k k *

T r a d e r - 3 : no w o r r i e s

57. Hayes' r e q u e s t s t o T r a d e r - 3 c o n t i n u e d a t v a r i o u s t i m e s

t h r o u g h o u t 2007. I n an e l e c t r o n i c c h a t on November 1, 2007, f o r

e x a m p l e , Hayes and T r a d e r - 3 h a d t h e f o l l o w i n g e x change:

Hayes: h e l l o mate, r e a l b i g f a v o u r t o a s k . . .

c o u l d y o u t r y f o r l o w 6m f i x t o d a y p i s

w l d be most a p p r e c i a t e d

t h x mate

T r a d e r - 3 : w i l l t r y my b e s t dude hows u??

Hayes: ok, t r a d i n g l i k e an i d i o t t o d a y , t o be

h o n e s t j u s t w ant t o t a k e some r i s k o f f

my book b e f o r e i come b a c k i n dec, have

had ok y e a r b u t management s t i l l

p u s h i n g me f o r more, have huge 6m f i x

so i f y o u c o u l d h e l p o u t t o d a y w o u l d

29

r e a l l y r e a l l y r e a l l y a p p r e c i a t e i t !

how a r e you?

58. T r a d e r - 3 ' s d e a l i n g s w i t h Hayes were n o t e d b y o t h e r s a t

RBS. I n an e l e c t r o n i c c h a t on Ma r c h 27, 2008, T r a d e r - 1 a s k e d

T r a d e r - 2 w h e t h e r T r a d e r - 3 ' s r e q u e s t f o r a l o w e r s u b m i s s i o n was

done a t Hayes's r e q u e s t :

T r a d e r - 1 : we change t h e l i b o r l o w e r ?

T r a d e r - 2 : [ T r a d e r - 3 ] a s k e d [a j u n i o r b a c kup

s u b m i t t e r ] t o p u t i t l o w

•k k k k

T r a d e r - 1 : does he nee d i t o r Tom Hayes ask h i m t o

do i t ? . . . cos UBS w a n t e d l o w

59. D u r i n g 2 008, Hayes, as he h a d w i t h T r a d e r - 3 , a s k e d

T r a d e r - 6 t o r e q u e s t t h a t RBS's Yen LIBOR s u b m i t t e r c o n t r i b u t e

RBS's Yen LIBOR s u b m i s s i o n s a t l e v e l s t h a t b e n e f i t t e d Hayes's

t r a d i n g p o s i t i o n s .

60. T r a d e r - 6 and Hayes had t h e f o l l o w i n g e x change b y e m a i l

o n May 7 , 2 0 0 8 :

Hayes: H i [ T r a d e r - 6 ] . . . can y o u p l e a s e a s k

f o r a l o w 6m i n j p y f o r t h e n e x t f ew

day s . Hope y o u a r e ok, was good s e e i n g

y o u l a s t week

30

T r a d e r - 6 : H i mate, I m e n t i o n e d i t t o o u r guy on

F r i d a y and he seemed t o have no p r o b l e m

w i t h i t , so f i n g e r s c r o s s e d .

6 1 . A s i m i l a r e l e c t r o n i c c o m m u n i c a t i o n o c c u r r e d o n

November 3, 2 0 08

Hayes

T r a d e r - 6

c a n y o u do me a f a v o u r and a s k y o u r

g u y s f o r a l o w JPY 3m f i x t o d a y i f t h e y

can? . . . w l d be m a s s i i v e h e l p

w i l l a sk

Hayes: have m o n s t e r f i x . . . t h a n k s [ T r a d e r - 6 ]

62. I n o r a r o u n d J u l y 2009, T r a d e r - 6 l e f t RBS, a n d

s u b s e q u e n t l y began w o r k i n g f o r an i n t e r d e a l e r b r o k e r a g e f i r m

( " B rokerage-A") as a c a s h b r o k e r . W h i l e a t B r o k e r a g e - A , T r a d e r -

6 m a i n t a i n e d h i s r e l a t i o n s h i p w i t h S u b m i t t e r - 1 a t RBS, and

c o n t i n u e d t o a s s i s t Hayes i n Hayes's e f f o r t s t o i n f l u e n c e RBS's

Yen LIBOR s u b m i s s i o n s .

63. F o r i n s t a n c e , on M arch 3, 2010, Hayes (who b y t h a t

t i m e had l e f t UBS and j o i n e d Bank-B) h a d t h e f o l l o w i n g exchange

w i t h T r a d e r - 6 , who was now e m p l o y e d as a b r o k e r w i t h B r o k e r a g e -

A: 20

2 RBS a c k n o w l e d g e s t h a t t h e g o v e r n m e n t p o s s e s s e s e v i d e n c e t h a t

w o u l d p r o v e t h e c o n t e n t s o f t h i s c o m m u n i c a t i o n .

31

Hayes:

T r a d e r - 6

Hayes

T r a d e r - 6

Hayes

i r e a l l y n eed a l o w 3m j p y l i b o r i n t o

t h e imm 2 1 . . . any f a v o u r s y o u c a n g e t

w i t h [ S u b m i t t e r - 1 ] w o u l d be much

a p p r e c i a t e d . . . e v e n i f he o n ; l y move

3m down l b p . . . f r o m 2 5 t o 24

i ' l l g i v e h i m a nudge l a t e r , see what

he c a n do

t h a n k s mate . . . r e a l l y r e a l l y w o u l d

a p p r e c i a t e t h a t

h a v e n ' t seen h i m s i n c e i l e f t so I

m i g h t b u y h i m a s t e a k t o c a t c h up

y e a h

A l i t t l e l e s s t h a n t h r e e h o u r s l a t e r , T r a d e r - 6 and S u b m i t t e r - 1

h a d t h e f o l l o w i n g c o n v e r s a t i o n :

T r a d e r - 6 :

S u b m i t t e r - 1

T r a d e r - 6 :

S u b m i t t e r - 1

c an i p i c k u r b r a i n ?

y e a h

u see 3m j p y l i b o r g o i n g anywhere

b t w e e n now and imm?

l o o k s f a i r l y s t a t i c t o be h o n e s t , poss

more p r e s s u r e on t h e u p s i d e , b u t n o t

a l o t

2 1 T h i s r e f e r s t o an I n t e r n a t i o n a l M o n e t a r y M a r k e t (IMM)

s e t t l e m e n t d a t e , w h i c h i s t h e t h i r d Wednesday o f March, June,

September, an d December. Most f u t u r e s and o p t i o n s c o n t r a c t s s e t

t h e i r m a t u r i t y o r t e r m i n a t i o n d a t e s a t t h e IMM s e t t l e m e n t d a t e s .

32

T r a d e r - 6 : oh. we hve a m u t u a l f r i e n d who'd l o v e

t o see i t go down, no chance a t a l l ?

S u b m i t t e r - 1 : haha T H [ 2 2 ] b y chance

T r a d e r - 6 : shhh

S u b m i t t e r - 1 : hehehe , mine s h o u l d r e m a i n f l a t ,

a l w a y s s u i t s me i f a n y t h i n g t o go l o w e r

as i r c v e f u n d s

T r a d e r - 6 : g o t c h a , t h a n k s , a n d , i f u c u d see u r

way t o a s m a l l d r o p t h e r e m i g h t be a

s t e a k i n i t f o r y a , haha

S u b m i t t e r - 1 : n o t e d ;-)

64. The n e x t day, March 4, 2010, RBS's Yen LIBOR

s u b m i s s i o n moved down b y one b a s i s p o i n t , f r o m 2 5 t o 24,

c o n s i s t e n t w i t h Hayes's r e q u e s t , p r o m p t i n g t h e f o l l o w i n g

e x c h a n g e b e t w e e n T r a d e r - 6 and S u b m i t t e r - 1 :

S u b m i t t e r - 1 : L i b o r l o w e r ;-)

T r a d e r - 6 : good w o r k ! ! ! !

65. S u b m i t t e r - 1 l o w e r e d RBS's Yen LIBOR c o n t r i b u t i o n

a n o t h e r b a s i s p o i n t o n March 9, 2010, t h e n d r o p p e d i t a n o t h e r

b a s i s p o i n t two days l a t e r , t y i n g one o t h e r C o n t r i b u t o r P a n e l

b a n k f o r t h e l o w e s t Yen LIBOR s u b m i s s i o n t h a t day. RBS's Yen

LIBOR s u b m i s s i o n r e m a i n e d t i e d w i t h one o t h e r C o n t r i b u t o r P a n e l

b a n k s u b m i s s i o n t h r o u g h March 17, 2010, t h e Ma r c h IMM f i x i n g

2 2 The c o n t e x t i n d i c a t e s t h e r e f e r e n c e was t o Tom Hayes

d a t e o r i g i n a l l y r e f e r e n c e d b y Hayes. On Ma r c h 17, 2010, RBS's

Yen LIBOR s u b m i s s i o n was 2.375 b a s i s p o i n t s b e l o w t h e BBA Yen

LIBOR f i x . 2 3

B. Swiss Franc LIBOR

66. On numerous o c c a s i o n s b e g i n n i n g i n a p p r o x i m a t e l y 2007

an d c o n t i n u i n g u n t i l a t l e a s t 2009, L o n d o n - b a s e d Swiss F r a n c

d e r i v a t i v e s t r a d e r s a s k e d t h e Swiss F r a n c LIBOR s u b m i t t e r s t o

c o n t r i b u t e LIBOR s u b m i s s i o n s t o b e n e f i t t h e i r t r a d i n g books o f

d e r i v a t i v e s t i e d t o Swiss F r a n c LIBOR. The RBS Swiss F r a n c

LIBOR s u b m i t t e r s a g r e e d t o accommodate many o f t h e s e r e q u e s t s .

67. F o r example, on December 4, 2 008, T r a d e r - 7 , t h e

p r i n c i p a l RBS Swiss F r a n c d e r i v a t i v e s t r a d e r b a s e d i n London,

a s k e d S u b m i t t e r - 1 (who was p r i m a r i l y r e s p o n s i b l e f o r S w i s s F r a n c

LIBOR s u b m i s s i o n s as w e l l as Yen LIBOR s u b m i s s i o n s ) , "can u p u t

6m s w i s s l i b o r i n l o w p i s ? " A f t e r some b a c k - a n d - f o r t h ,

2 3 I n a d d i t i o n t o t h e c o n d u c t d e s c r i b e d above, an RBS d e r i v a t i v e s

t r a d e r , o n a few o c c a s i o n s f r o m September 2007 t o mid-2008,

a t t e m p t e d t o c o o r d i n a t e w i t h d e r i v a t i v e s t r a d e r s a t o t h e r b anks

a b o u t s u b m i s s i o n s r e l a t e d t o t h e Euro I n t e r b a n k O f f e r e d Rate

("EURIBOR"), a r e f e r e n c e r a t e o v e r s e e n b y t h e E u r o p e a n B a n k i n g

F e d e r a t i o n . RBS became a C o n t r i b u t o r P a n e l Bank f o r EURIBOR i n

O c t o b e r 2007 b y v i r t u e o f i t s a c q u i s i t i o n o f ABN AMRO Bank. F o r

ex a m p l e , i n a s e r i e s o f i n s t a n t messages on O c t o b e r 4, 2007, t h e

RBS d e r i v a t i v e s t r a d e r who t r a d e d p r o d u c t s t i e d t o EURIBOR,

c o m m u n i c a t e d w i t h t w o d e r i v a t i v e s t r a d e r s e m p l o y e d b y B a r c l a y s

Bank, p i c r e g a r d i n g f a v o r a b l e EURIBOR s e t t i n g s f o r t h e i r t r a d i n g

p o s i t i o n s . The B a r c l a y s Bank t r a d e r s a g r e e d t o t h e RBS t r a d e r ' s

r e q u e s t and s h a r e d t h e i r i n t e n d e d s u b m i s s i o n s i n o t h e r t e n o r s ,

t o w h i c h t h e RBS t r a d e r s i g n a l e d a p p r o v a l .

34

S u b m i t t e r - 1 a g r e e d t o t h e r e q u e s t , s a y i n g "ok l o w 6m, j u s t f o r

u." T r a d e r - 7 ' s r e s p o n s e was "wooooooohooooooo."

68. T r a d e r - 7 ' s r e q u e s t s were o f t e n v e r y i n s i s t e n t . On one

o c c a s i o n , o n J a n u a r y 30, 2009, T r a d e r - 7 a s k e d S u b m i t t e r - 1 f o r

" h i g h 3m l i b o r s p i s ! ! ! ! ! ! " S u b m i t t e r - 1 a s k e d ,

"0 . 50?? . . . 0 . 51...0 . 52...0 . 53 [. ] " T r a d e r - 7 t h e n messaged "0.54"

e i g h t t i m e s . He f o l l o w e d t h i s w i t h a r e q u e s t f o r " l o w 6m," and

f o u r s e p a r a t e messages i n a row s a y i n g "0.65." S u b m i t t e r - 1

r e s p o n d e d " o k . . . l i b o r s as r e q u e s t e d , " a n d T r a d e r - 7 c l o s e d o u t t h e

c o n v e r s a t i o n b y s a y i n g "you a t o p dog."

69. T r a d e r - 7 s e n t a s i m i l a r message a p p r o x i m a t e l y two

months l a t e r , on May 5, 2009, a s k i n g S u b m i t t e r - 1 , "can we g e t

h i g h 3m, l o w 6m p i s ! " S u b m i t t e r - 1 r e s p o n d e d , "maybe," and

T r a d e r - 7 begged, "PPPPLLLLLEEEEEAAAAASSSSEEEEEE." S u b m i t t e r - 1

r e s p o n d e d s i m p l y "ok," and s e t o u t p r o p o s e d LIBOR l e v e l s .

T r a d e r - 7 p r o n o u n c e d them " p e r f e c t " t w i c e .

70. T r a d e r - 7 , l i k e t h e Yen d e r i v a t i v e s t r a d e r s , s o u g h t

changes i n LIBOR t o b e n e f i t h i s own t r a d i n g book. On March 16,

2009, f o r e x a m p l e , T r a d e r - 7 a s k e d S u b m i t t e r - 1 , "can we p i s g e t a

v e r y v e r y v e r y l o w 3m and 6m f i x t o d a y p i s . " He e x p l a i n e d i n

h i s n e x t p o s t i n g , "we have r a t h e r l a r g e f i x i n g s ! " S u b m i t t e r - 1

r e s p o n d e d , " p e r f e c t , i f t h a t s what u w a n t . " T r a d e r - 7 a l s o

e x t e n d e d h i s r e q u e s t t o t h e n e x t day: "and t h e n f r o m t o m o r r o w .

. . we need them t h r u t h e r o o f ! ! ! ! ! "

35

7 1 . F r e q u e n t l y , i n a s k i n g S u b m i t t e r - 1 t o accommodate h i s

LIBOR m a n i p u l a t i o n r e q u e s t s , T r a d e r - 7 b a n t e r e d w i t h S u b m i t t e r - 1 ,

s u g g e s t i n g t h e r o u t i n e n a t u r e o f s u c h r e q u e s t s . For example, on

May 14, 2009, T r a d e r - 7 and S u b m i t t e r - 1 j o k e d a b o u t m a n i p u l a t i n g

t h e RBS S w i s s F r a n c LIBOR s u b m i s s i o n :

T r a d e r - 7 :

T r a d e r - 7 :

T r a d e r - 7 :

T r a d e r - 7 :

p i s c a n we g e t

s u p e r h i g h 3m

s u p e r l o w 6m

PRETTY PLEASE!

S u b m i t t e r - 1 : 41 & 51

T r a d e r - 7

T r a d e r - 7

S u b m i t t e r - 1

T r a d e r - 7

T r a d e r - 7

i f u d i d t h a t

i w o u l d l v o e u f o r e v e r

4 1 & 51 t h e n

i f u d i d t h a t i w o u l d come o v e r t h e r e

and make l o v e t o y o u

y o u r c h o i c e

S u b m i t t e r - 1 : 41+51 i t i s

T r a d e r - 7 t h o u h t so

S u b m i t t e r - 1 : so s h a l l o w

72. A j u n i o r S w iss F r a n c d e r i v a t i v e s t r a d e r ( T r a d e r - 8 ) ,

who w o r k e d u n d e r T r a d e r - 7 , a l s o r e q u e s t e d f a v o r a b l e LIBOR

s u b m i s s i o n s . On March 2, 2009, T r a d e r - 8 , i n an e l e c t r o n i c c h a t

t h a t c o n s i s t e d o f a t l e a s t h i m s e l f , T r a d e r - 7 and S u b m i t t e r - 1 ,

s t a t e d , "can y o u f i x 3mth l i b o r h i g h as p o s s i b l e t o d a y , t h a n k s . "

73. L i k e w i s e , a j u n i o r money m a r k e t t r a d e r i n t h e Swiss

F r a n c , who a l s o s e r v e d as a b a c k u p s u b m i t t e r i n t h a t c u r r e n c y ,

accommodated s e v e r a l r e q u e s t s t o a l t e r RBS's LIBOR

c o n t r i b u t i o n s . F o r example, on A p r i l 9, 2009, T r a d e r - 7 , i n an

e l e c t r o n i c c h a t w i t h a t l e a s t t h i s s u b m i t t e r , a s k e d , "can we go

4 1 and 52 t o d a y p i s g u y s ? " The s u b m i t t e r r e s p o n d e d , " s u r e

g u y s , " a n d s h o r t l y t h e r e a f t e r s a i d , " t h a t s i n . "

74. I n a d d i t i o n t o r e q u e s t s v i a e l e c t r o n i c c h a t , on many

o c c a s i o n s b e t w e e n 2007 and 2009, a Swiss F r a n c d e r i v a t i v e s

t r a d e r i n London made o r a l r e q u e s t s t o S u b m i t t e r - 1 f o r LIBOR

s u b m i s s i o n s t h a t w o u l d b e n e f i t h i s / h e r t r a d i n g book.

C. Implications of Traders' Requests

75. When RBS's Yen LIBOR and Swiss F r a n c LIBOR d e r i v a t i v e s

t r a d e r s made r e q u e s t s o f RBS's LIBOR r a t e s u b m i t t e r s i n o r d e r t o

i n f l u e n c e RBS's benchmark i n t e r e s t r a t e s u b m i s s i o n s , and when

t h e s u b m i t t e r s accommodated t h o s e r e q u e s t s , t h e m a n i p u l a t i o n o f

t h e s u b m i s s i o n s a f f e c t e d t h e f i x e d benchmark r a t e s on v a r i o u s

o c c a s i o n s .

76. L i k e w i s e , when t r a d e r s , f o r m e r t r a d e r s , a n d / o r

s u b m i t t e r s , i n c l u d i n g some a t RBS, a g r e e d t o c o o r d i n a t e r e q u e s t s

f o r f a v o r a b l e Yen LIBOR s u b m i s s i o n s , and when LIBOR s u b m i t t e r s

accommodated t h o s e r e q u e s t s , t h e m a n i p u l a t i o n o f s u b m i s s i o n s

a f f e c t e d t h e f i x e d benchmark r a t e s on v a r i o u s o c c a s i o n s .

37

77. I n d e e d , t h e p u r p o s e o f t h e s e a c t i v i t i e s was t o

m a n i p u l a t e i n t e r e s t r a t e s u b m i s s i o n s i n o r d e r t o i n f l u e n c e t h e

r e s u l t i n g f i x e s and t h u s t o have a f a v o r a b l e e f f e c t o n t h e

d e r i v a t i v e s t r a d e r s ' t r a d i n g p o s i t i o n s . Because t r a d e r s '

c o m p e n s a t i o n was b a s e d i n p a r t on t h e p r o f i t a nd l o s s

c a l c u l a t i o n o f t h e t r a d i n g b o o k s , d e r i v a t i v e s t r a d e r s ' r e q u e s t s

were i n t e n d e d t o b e n e f i t t h e i r c o m p e n s a t i o n as w e l l .

78. Because o f t h e h i g h v a l u e o f t h e n o t i o n a l amounts

u n d e r l y i n g d e r i v a t i v e s t r a n s a c t i o n s t i e d t o Yen and Sw i s s F r a n c

LIBOR, e v e n v e r y s m a l l movements i n t h o s e r a t e s c o u l d have a

s i g n i f i c a n t p o s i t i v e i m p a c t on t h e p r o f i t a b i l i t y o f t r a d e r s '

t r a d i n g p o r t f o l i o s , and a c o r r e s p o n d i n g l y n e g a t i v e i m p a c t on

t h e i r c o u n t e r p a r t i e s ' t r a d i n g p o s i t i o n s .

79. RBS e n t e r e d i n t o i n t e r e s t r a t e d e r i v a t i v e s

t r a n s a c t i o n s t i e d t o Yen and Swiss F r a n c LIBOR - su c h as swaps

an d f o r w a r d r a t e a g r e e m e n t s - w i t h v a r i o u s c o u n t e r p a r t i e s , some

o f w h i c h w ere l o c a t e d i n t h e U n i t e d S t a t e s . U n i t e d S t a t e s

c o u n t e r p a r t i e s i n c l u d e d b a n k s and o t h e r f i n a n c i a l i n s t i t u t i o n s

i n t h e U n i t e d S t a t e s o r l o c a t e d a b r o a d w i t h b r a n c h e s i n t h e

U n i t e d S t a t e s . Those c o u n t e r p a r t i e s a l s o i n c l u d e d , among

o t h e r s , a s s e t management c o r p o r a t i o n s , b u s i n e s s c o r p o r a t i o n s ,

i n s u r a n c e c o m p a n i e s , u n i v e r s i t i e s , and n o n - p r o f i t o r g a n i z a t i o n s .

80. I n t h e i n s t a n c e s when t h e p u b l i s h e d benchmark i n t e r e s t

r a t e s w e r e m a n i p u l a t e d i n RBS's f a v o r due t o RBS's m a n i p u l a t i o n

38

o f i t s own o r , i n c o n j u n c t i o n w i t h a n o t h e r C o n t r i b u t o r P a n e l

b a n k , t h a t b a n k ' s s u b m i s s i o n s , t h a t m a n i p u l a t i o n b e n e f i t t e d RBS

d e r i v a t i v e s t r a d e r s , o r m i n i m i z e d t h e i r l o s s e s , t o t h e d e t r i m e n t

o f c o u n t e r p a r t i e s , a t l e a s t w i t h r e s p e c t t o t h e p a r t i c u l a r

t r a n s a c t i o n s c o m p r i s i n g t h e t r a d i n g p o s i t i o n s t h a t t h e t r a d e r s

t o o k i n t o a c c o u n t i n m a k i n g t h e i r r e q u e s t s t o t h e r a t e

s u b m i t t e r s . RBS d e r i v a t i v e s t r a d e r s and r a t e s u b m i t t e r s who

t r i e d t o m a n i p u l a t e LIBOR s u b m i s s i o n s u n d e r s t o o d t h e f e a t u r e s o f

t h e d e r i v a t i v e s p r o d u c t s t i e d t o t h e s e benchmark i n t e r e s t r a t e s ;

a c c o r d i n g l y , t h e y u n d e r s t o o d t h a t t o t h e e x t e n t t h e y i n c r e a s e d

t h e i r p r o f i t s o r d e c r e a s e d t h e i r l o s s e s i n c e r t a i n t r a n s a c t i o n s

f r o m t h e i r e f f o r t s t o m a n i p u l a t e r a t e s , t h e i r c o u n t e r p a r t i e s

w o u l d s u f f e r c o r r e s p o n d i n g a d v e r s e f i n a n c i a l c o n sequences w i t h

r e s p e c t t o t h o s e p a r t i c u l a r t r a n s a c t i o n s .

8 1 . When t h e r e q u e s t s o f d e r i v a t i v e s t r a d e r s f o r f a v o r a b l e

LIBOR s u b m i s s i o n s i n f l u e n c e d t h e RBS r a t e s u b m i t t e r s '

c o n t r i b u t i o n s , RBS's r a t e s u b m i s s i o n s were f a l s e and m i s l e a d i n g .

I n m a k i n g a n d i n acc o m m o d a t i n g t h e s e r e q u e s t s , t h e d e r i v a t i v e s

t r a d e r s and s u b m i t t e r s were engaged i n a d e c e p t i v e c o u r s e o f

c o n d u c t i n a n e f f o r t t o g a i n a n a d v a n t a g e o v e r t h e i r

c o u n t e r p a r t i e s . As p a r t o f t h a t e f f o r t : (1) d e r i v a t i v e s t r a d e r s

a n d s u b m i t t e r s s u b m i t t e d , and c a u s e d t h e s u b m i s s i o n o f ,

m a t e r i a l l y f a l s e a nd m i s l e a d i n g LIBOR c o n t r i b u t i o n s ; and (2)

d e r i v a t i v e s t r a d e r s , a f t e r i n i t i a t i n g and w h i l e c o n t i n u i n g t h e i r

e f f o r t t o m a n i p u l a t e LIBOR c o n t r i b u t i o n s , n e g o t i a t e d and e n t e r e d

i n t o d e r i v a t i v e s t r a n s a c t i o n s w i t h c o u n t e r p a r t i e s k n o w i n g t h a t

t h a t t h o s e c o u n t e r p a r t i e s were unaware o f . t h e e f f o r t s b y RBS

e m p l o y e e s t o m a n i p u l a t e t h e r e l e v a n t LIBOR r a t e .

82. T r a d e r s , f o r m e r t r a d e r s , a n d / o r s u b m i t t e r s a t

c o m p e t i n g f i n a n c i a l i n s t i t u t i o n s , i n c l u d i n g RBS, a g r e e d t o

c o o r d i n a t e and i n f a c t c o o r d i n a t e d w i t h r e g a r d t o Yen LIBOR

s u b m i s s i o n s , c a u s i n g t h e m a n i p u l a t i o n o f t h e LIBOR r e f e r e n c e

r a t e o n c e r t a i n o c c a s i o n s . Because Yen LIBOR was a p r i c i n g

component o f d e r i v a t i v e s c o n t r a c t s h e l d b y t h e f i n a n c i a l

i n s t i t u t i o n s , t h e t r a d e r s b e n e f i t e d f r o m t h i s a g r e e m e n t b y

a f f e c t i n g t h e p r o f i t a b i l i t y o f t h e c o n t r a c t s o n p a r t i c u l a r

s e t t l e m e n t d a t e s .

I l l .

RBS's ACCOUNTABILITY

83. RBS a c k n o w l e d g e s t h a t t h e w r o n g f u l a c t s t a k e n b y t h e

p a r t i c i p a t i n g e m p l o y e e s i n f u r t h e r a n c e o f t h e m i s c o n d u c t s e t

f o r t h above were w i t h i n t h e scope o f t h e i r employment a t RBS.

RBS a c k n o w l e d g e s t h a t t h e p a r t i c i p a t i n g e m p l o y e e s i n t e n d e d , a t

l e a s t i n p a r t , t o b e n e f i t RBS t h r o u g h t h e a c t i o n s d e s c r i b e d

a bove. RBS a c k n o w l e d g e s t h a t due t o t h i s m i s c o n d u c t , RBS,

i n c l u d i n g t h e RBS b r a n c h e s o r a g e n c i e s i n t h e U n i t e d S t a t e s ,

h a v e b e e n e x p o s e d t o s u b s t a n t i a l f i n a n c i a l r i s k , and p a r t l y as a

r e s u l t o f t h e p e n a l t i e s imposed b y t h i s D e f e r r e d P r o s e c u t i o n

40

Agreement a n d u n d e r a g r e e m e n t s r e a c h e d w i t h o t h e r g o v e r n m e n t

a u t h o r i t i e s , has s u f f e r e d a c t u a l f i n a n c i a l l o s s .

41

ATTACHMENT B

E X T R A C T O F B O A R D R E S O L U T I O N

XX RBS Group

EXTRACT DRAFT MINUTES of Meeting of the Board of Directors of THE ROYAL BANK OF SCOTLAND PLC (the "Bank") held by telephone on Monday, 4 February 2013

Project Silo

The Directors having considered:

1. the terms of the proposed settlement agreement between the Bank and the United Kingdom Financial Services Authority ("FSA") as circulated to the Board on 1 February 2013 (the "Settlement Agreement");

2. the advice to the Board from its legal counsel regarding the terms of the Settlement Agreement.

3. the discussions between the Bank, through its legal counsel, and the United States Department of Justice, Criminal Division, Fraud Section, and the Antitrust Division (together, the "DOJ") regarding issues arising in relation to the manipulation, attempted manipulation, and interbank coordination of benchmark interest rate submissions;

4. the terms of the proposed deferred prosecution agreement with the DOJ as circulated to the Board on 3 February 2013 (the "DPA"); and

5. the advice to the Board from its legal counsel regarding the terms of the DPA, as well as the advice regarding the waiver of rights and other consequences of entering into such an agreement with the DOJ.

Resolved that:

1. the terms of the Settlement Agreement are accepted on behalf of the Bank; 2. the Chairman, Mr Hester, Mr Van Saun or the General Counsel are duly

authorised to execute and deliver the Settlement Agreement substantially in the form as reviewed by the Board of Directors on behalf of the Bank, and to execute and sign all such other documents and instruments and take all such other steps as such Director or General Counsel may deem necessary in order to conclude the investigations by the FSA of the Bank according to such terms.

3. the Bank (a) acknowledges the filing of the two-count Information charging the Company with one count of wire fraud, in violation of Title 18, United States Code, Section 1343, and one count of price-fixing in violation of the Sherman Act, Title 15, United States Code, Section 1; (b) waives indictment on such charges and enters into a deferred prosecution agreement with the Department; and (c) agrees to accept monetary criminal penalties against RBS totaling $150,000,000, and to pay a total of $150,000,000 to the United States Treasury with respect to the conduct described in the Information;

4. the Chairman, Mr Hester, Mr Van Saun or the General Counsel are hereby authorised, empowered and directed, on behalf of the Bank, to execute the DPA substantially in such form as reviewed by this Board of Directors at this

1

meeting with such changes as any two of the Chairman, Mr Hester, Mr Van Saun or the General Counsel may approve;

5. the Chairman, Mr Hester, Mr Van Saun or the General Counsel are hereby authorised, empowered and directed to take any and all actions as may be necessary or appropriate and to approve the forms, terms or provisions of any agreement or other documents as may be necessary or appropriate, to carry out and effectuate the purpose and intent of the foregoing resolutions; and

6. all of the actions of the Chairman, Mr Hester, Mr Van Saun or the General Counsel which actions would have been authorised by the foregoing resolutions except that such actions were taken prior to the adoption of such resolutions, are hereby severally ratified, confirmed, approved, and adopted as actions on behalf of the Bank.

I confirm the foregoing resolutions were passed by The Royal Bank of Scotland Pic Board on 4 February 2013

Aileen Taylor Group Secretary 5 February 2013

2

ATTACHMENT C

CONFIDENTIAL DOCUMENT REMOVED FROM PUBLIC F I L I N G

PURSUANT TO FOOTNOTE 1 OF THE DEFERRED PROSECUTION AGREEMENT

ATTACHMENT D

UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT

DISTRICT OF CONNECTICUT

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ x

UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, :

P l a i n t i f f , : CRIMINAL NO.

- v. - :

RBS SECURITIES JAPAN LIMITED, :

D e f e n d a n t . :

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ x

PLEA AGREEMENT

The U n i t e d S t a t e s o f A m e r i c a , b y and t h r o u g h t h e F r a u d

S e c t i o n o f t h e C r i m i n a l D i v i s i o n ("Fraud S e c t i o n " ) and t h e A n t i t r u s t

D i v i s i o n o f t h e U n i t e d S t a t e s D e p a r t m e n t o f J u s t i c e ( t o g e t h e r , t h e

" D e p a r t m e n t " ) , and RBS SECURITIES JAPAN LIMITED ( " d e f e n d a n t " o r "RBS

S e c u r i t i e s J a p a n " ) , b y a n d t h r o u g h i t s u n d e r s i g n e d a t t o r n e y s , and

t h r o u g h i t s a u t h o r i z e d r e p r e s e n t a t i v e , p u r s u a n t t o a u t h o r i t y g r a n t e d

b y RBS S e c u r i t i e s Japan's B o a r d o f D i r e c t o r s , h e r e b y s u b m i t and

e n t e r i n t o t h i s p l e a a g r e e m e n t ( t h e " A g r e e m e n t " ) , p u r s u a n t t o R u l e

1 1 ( c ) ( 1 ) ( C ) o f t h e F e d e r a l R u l e s o f C r i m i n a l P r o c e d u r e . The t e r m s

and c o n d i t i o n s o f t h i s A greement a r e as f o l l o w s :

The De f e n d a n t ' s Agreement

1 . RBS S e c u r i t i e s J apan a g r e e s t o w a i v e i n d i c t m e n t and

p l e a d g u i l t y t o a o n e - c o u n t c r i m i n a l I n f o r m a t i o n f i l e d i n t h e

D i s t r i c t o f C o n n e c t i c u t c h a r g i n g RBS S e c u r i t i e s Japan w i t h w i r e

f r a u d , i n v i o l a t i o n o f T i t l e 18, U n i t e d S t a t e s Code, S e c t i o n 1343.

RBS S e c u r i t i e s J a p a n f u r t h e r a g r e e s t o p e r s i s t i n t h a t p l e a t h r o u g h

s e n t e n c i n g and, as s e t f o r t h b e l o w , t o c o o p e r a t e f u l l y w i t h t h e

D e p a r t m e n t i n i t s i n v e s t i g a t i o n i n t o a l l m a t t e r s r e l a t e d t o t h e

c o n d u c t c h a r g e d i n t h e I n f o r m a t i o n .

2. RBS S e c u r i t i e s J apan u n d e r s t a n d s and a g r e e s t h a t t h i s

A g r e e m e n t i s b e t w e e n t h e F r a u d S e c t i o n a n d t h e A n t i t r u s t D i v i s i o n o f

t h e D e p a r t m e n t o f J u s t i c e and RBS S e c u r i t i e s J a p a n and does n o t b i n d

a n y o t h e r d i v i s i o n o r s e c t i o n o f t h e D e p a r t m e n t o f J u s t i c e o r any

o t h e r f e d e r a l , s t a t e , o r l o c a l p r o s e c u t i n g , a d m i n i s t r a t i v e , o r

r e g u l a t o r y a u t h o r i t y . N e v e r t h e l e s s , t h e D e p a r t m e n t w i l l b r i n g t h i s

A g r e e m e n t and t h e c o o p e r a t i o n o f RBS S e c u r i t i e s Japan, i t s d i r e c t o r

i n d i r e c t a f f i l i a t e s , s u b s i d i a r i e s , and p a r e n t c o r p o r a t i o n , t o t h e

a t t e n t i o n o f o t h e r p r o s e c u t i n g a u t h o r i t i e s o r o t h e r a g e n c i e s , i f

r e q u e s t e d b y RBS S e c u r i t i e s Japan.

3. RBS S e c u r i t i e s J apan a g r e e s t h a t t h i s A greement w i l l

be e x e c u t e d b y an a u t h o r i z e d c o r p o r a t e r e p r e s e n t a t i v e . RBS

S e c u r i t i e s J a p a n r e p r e s e n t s t h a t a r e s o l u t i o n d u l y a d o p t e d b y RBS

2

S e c u r i t i e s Japan's B o a r d o f D i r e c t o r s i s a t t a c h e d t o t h i s A greement

as E x h i b i t 1 and r e p r e s e n t s t h a t t h e s i g n a t u r e s on t h i s A greement b y

RBS S e c u r i t i e s J a p a n and i t s c o u n s e l a r e a u t h o r i z e d b y RBS

S e c u r i t i e s J a p an's B o a r d o f D i r e c t o r s , on b e h a l f o f RBS S e c u r i t i e s

J a p a n .

4. RBS S e c u r i t i e s J a p a n a g r e e s t h a t i t has t h e f u l l

l e g a l r i g h t , power, and a u t h o r i t y t o e n t e r i n t o and p e r f o r m a l l o f

i t s o b l i g a t i o n s u n d e r t h i s A g r e e m e n t .

5. RBS S e c u r i t i e s J a p a n a g r e e s t o a b i d e b y a l l t e r m s and

o b l i g a t i o n s o f t h i s Agreement as d e s c r i b e d h e r e i n , i n c l u d i n g , b u t

n o t l i m i t e d t o , t h e f o l l o w i n g :

(1) t o p l e a d g u i l t y as s e t f o r t h i n t h i s A g r e e m e n t ;

(2) t o a b i d e b y a l l s e n t e n c i n g s t i p u l a t i o n s

c o n t a i n e d i n t h i s A g r e e m e n t ;

(3) t o a p p e a r , t h r o u g h i t s d u l y a p p o i n t e d

r e p r e s e n t a t i v e s , as o r d e r e d f o r a l l c o u r t

a p p e a r a n c e s , and obey a n y o t h e r c o u r t o r d e r i n

t h i s m a t t e r ;

(4) t o commit no f u r t h e r f e d e r a l c r i m e s ;

(5) t o be t r u t h f u l a t a l l t i m e s w i t h t h e C o u r t ;

(6) t o p a y t h e a p p l i c a b l e f i n e and s p e c i a l

a s s e s s m e n t ; and

3

(7) t o w o r k w i t h i t s p a r e n t c o r p o r a t i o n , The R o y a l

Bank o f S c o t l a n d p i c ("RBS"), i n f u l f i l l i n g t h e

o b l i g a t i o n s d e s c r i b e d i n t h e u n d e r t a k i n g s g i v e n

b y RBS i n c o n n e c t i o n w i t h r e s o l v i n g

i n v e s t i g a t i o n s b y t h e D e p a r t m e n t o f J u s t i c e , t h e

U.S. Commodity F u t u r e s T r a d i n g Commission

("CFTC") ( a t t a c h e d t o t h i s Agreement as E x h i b i t

2) and t h e U.K. F i n a n c i a l S e r v i c e s A u t h o r i t y

("FSA").

6. RBS S e c u r i t i e s J a p a n a g r e e s t h a t i n t h e e v e n t RBS

S e c u r i t i e s J a p a n s e l l s , merges, o r t r a n s f e r s a l l o r s u b s t a n t i a l l y

a l l o f i t s b u s i n e s s o p e r a t i o n s as t h e y e x i s t as o f t h e d a t e o f t h i s

A g r e e m e n t , w h e t h e r s u c h s a l e ( s ) i s / a r e s t r u c t u r e d as a s t o c k o r

a s s e t s a l e , m e r g e r , o r t r a n s f e r , RBS S e c u r i t i e s Japan s h a l l i n c l u d e

i n a n y c o n t r a c t f o r s a l e , m e r g e r , o r t r a n s f e r a p r o v i s i o n f u l l y

b i n d i n g t h e p u r c h a s e r ( s ) o r any s u c c e s s o r ( s ) i n i n t e r e s t t h e r e t o t o

t h e o b l i g a t i o n s d e s c r i b e d i n t h i s A g r e e m e n t .

7. RBS S e c u r i t i e s J a p a n a g r e e s t o c o n t i n u e t o c o o p e r a t e

f u l l y w i t h t h e D e p a r t m e n t , t h e F e d e r a l B u r e a u o f I n v e s t i g a t i o n ( t h e

" F B I " ) , and any o t h e r l a w e n f o r c e m e n t o r g o v e r n m e n t agency

d e s i g n a t e d b y t h e D e p a r t m e n t i n a manner c o n s i s t e n t w i t h a p p l i c a b l e

l a w a n d r e g u l a t i o n s . A t t h e r e q u e s t o f t h e D e p a r t m e n t , RBS

4

S e c u r i t i e s J apan s h a l l a l s o c o o p e r a t e f u l l y w i t h f o r e i g n l a w

e n f o r c e m e n t a u t h o r i t i e s and a g e n c i e s . RBS S e c u r i t i e s J a p a n s h a l l ,

t o t h e e x t e n t c o n s i s t e n t w i t h t h e f o r e g o i n g , t r u t h f u l l y d i s c l o s e t o

t h e D e p a r t m e n t a l l f a c t u a l i n f o r m a t i o n n o t p r o t e c t e d b y a v a l i d

c l a i m o f a t t o r n e y - c l i e n t p r i v i l e g e o r w o r k p r o d u c t d o c t r i n e

p r o t e c t i o n w i t h r e s p e c t t o t h e a c t i v i t i e s o f RBS S e c u r i t i e s J a p a n

and i t s a f f i l i a t e s , i t s p r e s e n t and f o r m e r d i r e c t o r s , o f f i c e r s ,

e m p l o y e e s , and a g e n t s , b e t w e e n t h e d a t e o f t h i s Agreement and t h e

e x p i r a t i o n o f t h e D e f e r r e d P r o s e c u t i o n A g reement d a t e d F e b r u a r y 6,

2013 b e t w e e n t h e D e p a r t m e n t and RBS ( " A t t a c h m e n t A" t o t h e "DPA"),

i n United States v. The Royal Bank of Scotland pic, c o n c e r n i n g a l l

m a t t e r s r e l a t i n g t o (a) t h e m a n i p u l a t i o n , a t t e m p t e d m a n i p u l a t i o n , o r

i n t e r b a n k c o o r d i n a t i o n o f any benchmark r a t e s , o r (b) v i o l a t i o n s o f

U n i t e d S t a t e s l a w s c o n c e r n i n g f r a u d o r a n t i t r u s t , o r g o v e r n i n g

s e c u r i t i e s o r c o m m o d i t i e s m a r k e t s , a b o u t w h i c h RBS S e c u r i t i e s J apan

has a n y k n o w l e d g e o r a b o u t w h i c h t h e D e p a r t m e n t , t h e F B I , o r any

o t h e r l a w e n f o r c e m e n t o r g o v e r n m e n t a g e n c y d e s i g n a t e d b y t h e

D e p a r t m e n t , o r , a t t h e r e q u e s t o f t h e D e p a r t m e n t , any f o r e i g n l a w

e n f o r c e m e n t a u t h o r i t i e s and a g e n c i e s , s h a l l i n q u i r e . T h i s

o b l i g a t i o n o f t r u t h f u l d i s c l o s u r e i n c l u d e s t h e o b l i g a t i o n o f RBS

S e c u r i t i e s J a p a n t o p r o v i d e t o t h e D e p a r t m e n t , upon r e q u e s t , any

n o n - p r i v i l e g e d o r n o n - p r o t e c t e d document, r e c o r d , o r o t h e r t a n g i b l e

5

e v i d e n c e a b o u t w h i c h t h e a f o r e m e n t i o n e d a u t h o r i t i e s and a g e n c i e s

s h a l l i n q u i r e o f RBS S e c u r i t i e s J a p a n , s u b j e c t t o t h e d i r e c t i o n o f

t h e D e p a r t m e n t .

8. RBS S e c u r i t i e s J a p a n a g r e e s t h a t any f i n e o r

r e s t i t u t i o n i mposed b y t h e C o u r t w i l l be due and p a y a b l e w i t h i n t e n

(10) b u s i n e s s days o f s e n t e n c i n g , and RBS S e c u r i t i e s J a p a n w i l l n o t

a t t e m p t t o a v o i d o r d e l a y p a y m e n t s . RBS S e c u r i t i e s J a p a n f u r t h e r

a g r e e s t o pay t h e C l e r k o f t h e C o u r t f o r t h e U n i t e d S t a t e s D i s t r i c t

C o u r t f o r t h e D i s t r i c t o f C o n n e c t i c u t t h e m a n d a t o r y s p e c i a l

a s s e s s m e n t o f $400 w i t h i n t e n (10) b u s i n e s s days f r o m t h e d a t e o f

s e n t e n c i n g .

9. RBS S e c u r i t i e s J a p a n a g r e e s t h a t i f t h e d e f e n d a n t

company, i t s p a r e n t c o r p o r a t i o n , o r any o f i t s d i r e c t o r i n d i r e c t

a f f i l i a t e s o r s u b s i d i a r i e s i s s u e s a p r e s s r e l e a s e o r h o l d s a p r e s s

c o n f e r e n c e i n c o n n e c t i o n w i t h t h i s A g r e e m e n t , RBS S e c u r i t i e s J a p a n

s h a l l f i r s t c o n s u l t w i t h t h e D e p a r t m e n t t o d e t e r m i n e w h e t h e r (a) t h e

t e x t o f t h e r e l e a s e o r p r o p o s e d s t a t e m e n t s a t a n y p r e s s c o n f e r e n c e

a r e t r u e and a c c u r a t e w i t h r e s p e c t t o m a t t e r s b e t w e e n t h e D e p a r t m e n t

a n d RBS S e c u r i t i e s J a p a n ; and (b) t h e D e p a r t m e n t has no o b j e c t i o n t o

t h e r e l e a s e o r s t a t e m e n t . S t a t e m e n t s a t any p r e s s c o n f e r e n c e

c o n c e r n i n g t h i s m a t t e r s h a l l be c o n s i s t e n t w i t h s u c h a p r e s s

r e l e a s e .

6

The Department's Agreement

10. I n exchange f o r t h e g u i l t y p l e a o f RBS S e c u r i t i e s

J a p a n and t h e c o m p l e t e f u l f i l l m e n t o f a l l o f i t s o b l i g a t i o n s u n d e r

t h i s A g r e e m e n t , t h e D e p a r t m e n t a g r e e s i t w i l l n o t f i l e a d d i t i o n a l

c r i m i n a l c h a r g e s a g a i n s t RBS S e c u r i t i e s J a p a n r e l a t i n g t o (a) any o f

t h e c o n d u c t d e s c r i b e d i n t h e S t a t e m e n t o f F a c t s a t t a c h e d h e r e t o as

E x h i b i t 3, (b) any o f t h e c o n d u c t d e s c r i b e d i n t h e S t a t e m e n t o f

F a c t s a t t a c h e d as A t t a c h m e n t A t o t h e DPA, o r (c) i n f o r m a t i o n

d i s c l o s e d b y RBS S e c u r i t i e s J a p a n o r RBS t o t h e D e p a r t m e n t p r i o r t o

t h e d a t e o f t h i s A greement r e l a t i n g t o t h e m a n i p u l a t i o n , a t t e m p t e d

m a n i p u l a t i o n , o r i n t e r b a n k c o o r d i n a t i o n o f benchmark r a t e s ,

i n c l u d i n g t h o s e benchmark r a t e s i d e n t i f i e d i n A t t a c h m e n t C t o t h e

DPA. T h i s p a r a g r a p h does n o t p r o v i d e any p r o t e c t i o n a g a i n s t

p r o s e c u t i o n f o r m a n i p u l a t i o n o f i n t e r e s t r a t e s , any scheme t o

d e f r a u d c o u n t e r p a r t i e s t o i n t e r e s t r a t e d e r i v a t i v e s t r a d e s p l a c e d on

i t s b e h a l f , o r any a n t i t r u s t v i o l a t i o n i n t h e f u t u r e b y RBS

S e c u r i t i e s J a p a n o r by any o f i t s o f f i c e r s , d i r e c t o r s , e m p l o y e e s , o r

a g e n t s , w h e t h e r o r n o t d i s c l o s e d by RBS S e c u r i t i e s J a p a n p u r s u a n t t o

t h e t e r m s o f t h i s A g r e e m e n t . T h i s Agreement does n o t c l o s e o r

p r e c l u d e t h e i n v e s t i g a t i o n o r p r o s e c u t i o n o f any n a t u r a l p e r s o n s ,

i n c l u d i n g a n y o f f i c e r s , d i r e c t o r s , e m p l o y e e s , o r a g e n t s o f RBS

S e c u r i t i e s J apan, who may have been i n v o l v e d i n any o f t h e m a t t e r s

7

s e t f o r t h i n t h e I n f o r m a t i o n , A t t a c h m e n t A o f t h e DPA, o r i n any-

o t h e r m a t t e r s .

F a c t u a l B a s i s

1 1 . RBS S e c u r i t i e s J a p a n i s p l e a d i n g g u i l t y b e c a u s e i t i s

g u i l t y o f t h e c h a r g e c o n t a i n e d i n t h e I n f o r m a t i o n . RBS S e c u r i t i e s

J a p a n a d m i t s , a g r e e s , and s t i p u l a t e s t h a t t h e f a c t u a l a l l e g a t i o n s

s e t f o r t h i n t h e I n f o r m a t i o n a r e t r u e a n d c o r r e c t , t h a t i t i s

r e s p o n s i b l e f o r t h e a c t s o f i t s p r e s e n t and f o r m e r o f f i c e r s and

e m p l o y e e s d e s c r i b e d i n t h e S t a t e m e n t o f F a c t s a t t a c h e d h e r e t o and

i n c o r p o r a t e d h e r e i n as E x h i b i t 3, and t h a t E x h i b i t 3 a c c u r a t e l y

r e f l e c t s RBS S e c u r i t i e s J a pan's c r i m i n a l c o n d u c t . RBS S e c u r i t i e s

J a p a n a l s o a d m i t s , a g r e e s , a n d s t i p u l a t e s t h a t A t t a c h m e n t A t o t h e

DPA, t o t h e e x t e n t t h a t A t t a c h m e n t A d e s c r i b e s t h e c o n d u c t o f

e m p l o y e e s o f RBS S e c u r i t i e s J a p a n , i s t r u e and c o r r e c t , a n d t h a t RBS

S e c u r i t i e s J a p a n i s r e s p o n s i b l e f o r s u c h c o n d u c t .

RBS S e c u r i t i e s J a p a n ' s Waiver of R i g h t s ,

I n c l u d i n g t h e R i g h t t o A p p eal

12. F e d e r a l R u l e o f C r i m i n a l P r o c e d u r e 1 1 ( f ) a n d

F e d e r a l R u l e o f E v i d e n c e 410 l i m i t t h e a d m i s s i b i l i t y o f s t a t e m e n t s

made i n t h e c o u r s e o f p l e a p r o c e e d i n g s o r p l e a d i s c u s s i o n s i n b o t h

c i v i l and c r i m i n a l p r o c e e d i n g s , i f t h e g u i l t y p l e a i s l a t e r

w i t h d r a w n . RBS S e c u r i t i e s J a p a n e x p r e s s l y w a r r a n t s t h a t i t has

8

d i s c u s s e d t h e s e r u l e s w i t h i t s c o u n s e l and u n d e r s t a n d s them. S o l e l y

t o t h e e x t e n t s e t f o r t h b e l o w , RBS S e c u r i t i e s J a p a n v o l u n t a r i l y

w a i v e s and g i v e s up t h e r i g h t s e n u m e r a t e d i n F e d e r a l R u l e o f

C r i m i n a l P r o c e d u r e 1 1 ( f ) and F e d e r a l R u l e o f E v i d e n c e 410.

S p e c i f i c a l l y , RBS S e c u r i t i e s J a p a n u n d e r s t a n d s and a g r e e s t h a t any

s t a t e m e n t s t h a t i t makes i n t h e c o u r s e o f i t s g u i l t y p l e a o r i n

c o n n e c t i o n w i t h t h e Agreement a r e a d m i s s i b l e a g a i n s t i t f o r a n y

p u r p o s e i n any U.S. f e d e r a l c r i m i n a l p r o c e e d i n g i f , e v e n t h o u g h t h e

D e p a r t m e n t has f u l f i l l e d a l l o f i t s o b l i g a t i o n s u n d e r t h i s A g r e e m e n t

and t h e C o u r t has i m p o s e d t h e a g r e e d - u p o n s e n t e n c e , RBS S e c u r i t i e s

J a p a n n e v e r t h e l e s s w i t h d r a w s i t s g u i l t y p l e a .

13. RBS S e c u r i t i e s J a p a n k n o w i n g l y , i n t e l l i g e n t l y , a nd

v o l u n t a r i l y w a i v e s i t s r i g h t t o a p p e a l t h e c o n v i c t i o n i n t h i s c a s e .

RBS S e c u r i t i e s J a p a n s i m i l a r l y k n o w i n g l y , i n t e l l i g e n t l y , and

v o l u n t a r i l y w a i v e s t h e r i g h t t o a p p e a l t h e s e n t e n c e i m p o s e d b y t h e

C o u r t . I n a d d i t i o n , RBS S e c u r i t i e s J a p a n k n o w i n g l y , i n t e l l i g e n t l y ,

a nd v o l u n t a r i l y w a i v e s t h e r i g h t t o b r i n g a n y c o l l a t e r a l c h a l l e n g e ,

i n c l u d i n g c h a l l e n g e s p u r s u a n t t o T i t l e 28, U n i t e d S t a t e s Code,

S e c t i o n 2255, c h a l l e n g i n g e i t h e r t h e c o n v i c t i o n , o r t h e s e n t e n c e

i m p o s e d i n t h i s c a s e , i n c l u d i n g a c l a i m o f i n e f f e c t i v e a s s i s t a n c e o f

c o u n s e l . RBS S e c u r i t i e s J a p a n w a i v e s a l l d e f e n s e s b a s e d on t h e

s t a t u t e o f l i m i t a t i o n s and venue w i t h r e s p e c t t o any p r o s e c u t i o n

t h a t i s n o t t i m e - b a r r e d on t h e d a t e t h a t t h i s Agreement i s s i g n e d i n

t h e e v e n t t h a t : (a) t h e c o n v i c t i o n i s l a t e r v a c a t e d f o r any r e a s o n ;

(b) RBS S e c u r i t i e s J a p a n v i o l a t e s t h i s A g r e e m e n t ; o r (c) t h e p l e a i s

l a t e r w i t h d r a w n , p r o v i d e d s u c h p r o s e c u t i o n i s b r o u g h t w i t h i n one

y e a r o f a n y s u c h v a c a t i o n o f c o n v i c t i o n , v i o l a t i o n o f a g r e e m e n t , o r

w i t h d r a w a l o f p l e a p l u s t h e r e m a i n i n g t i m e p e r i o d o f t h e s t a t u t e o f

l i m i t a t i o n s as o f t h e d a t e t h a t t h i s A g r eement i s s i g n e d . The

D e p a r t m e n t i s f r e e t o t a k e any p o s i t i o n on a p p e a l o r any o t h e r p o s t -

j u d g m e n t m a t t e r .

P e n a l t y

14. The s t a t u t o r y maximum s e n t e n c e t h a t t h e C o u r t c a n

impose f o r a v i o l a t i o n o f T i t l e 18, U n i t e d S t a t e s Code, S e c t i o n

1343, i f t h e v i o l a t i o n a f f e c t s a f i n a n c i a l i n s t i t u t i o n , i s a f i n e o f

$1 m i l l i o n o r t w i c e t h e g r o s s p e c u n i a r y g a i n o r g r o s s p e c u n i a r y l o s s

r e s u l t i n g f r o m t h e o f f e n s e , w h i c h e v e r i s g r e a t e s t , T i t l e 18, U n i t e d

S t a t e s Code, S e c t i o n 3 5 7 1 ( c ) ( 3 ) , ( d ) ; f i v e y e a r s ' p r o b a t i o n , T i t l e

18, U n i t e d S t a t e s Code, S e c t i o n 3 5 6 1 ( c ) ( 1 ) ; and a m a n d a t o r y s p e c i a l

a s s e s s m e n t o f $400, T i t l e 18, U n i t e d S t a t e s Code, S e c t i o n

3013 (a) (2) (B) .

S e n t e n c i n g Recommendation

15. P u r s u a n t t o Fed. R. C r i m . P. 1 1 ( c ) ( 1 ) ( C ) , t h e

10

D e p a r t m e n t and RBS S e c u r i t i e s J a p a n have a g r e e d t o a s p e c i f i c

s e n t e n c e o f a f i n e i n t h e amount o f $50,000,000 and a s p e c i a l

a s s e s s m e n t o f $400. The P a r t i e s a g r e e t h a t t h i s $50,000,000 f i n e

a n d t h e $400 s p e c i a l a s s e s s m e n t s h a l l be p a i d t o t h e C l e r k o f C o u r t ,

U n i t e d S t a t e s D i s t r i c t C o u r t f o r t h e D i s t r i c t o f C o n n e c t i c u t , w i t h i n

t e n (10) b u s i n e s s days a f t e r s e n t e n c i n g . The D e p a r t m e n t and RBS

S e c u r i t i e s J a p a n have a g r e e d t h a t a l l o r a p o r t i o n o f t h e f i n e may

be p a i d b y one o r more r e l a t e d RBS e n t i t i e s , i n c l u d i n g RBS

S e c u r i t i e s Japan's p a r e n t company, RBS, on b e h a l f o f RBS S e c u r i t i e s

J a p a n , c o n s i s t e n t w i t h RBS p o l i c y and p r a c t i c e . RBS S e c u r i t i e s

J a p a n a c k n o w l e d g e s t h a t no t a x d e d u c t i o n may be s o u g h t i n c o n n e c t i o n

w i t h t h e payment o f t h i s $50,000,000 f i n e .

16. The p a r t i e s f u r t h e r a g r e e , w i t h t h e p e r m i s s i o n o f t h e

C o u r t , t o w a i v e t h e r e q u i r e m e n t o f a P r e - S e n t e n c e I n v e s t i g a t i o n

r e p o r t p u r s u a n t t o F e d e r a l R u l e o f C r i m i n a l P r o c e d u r e

3 2 ( c ) ( 1 ) ( A ) ( i i ) , b a s e d on a f i n d i n g b y t h e C o u r t t h a t t h e r e c o r d

c o n t a i n s i n f o r m a t i o n s u f f i c i e n t t o e n a b l e t h e C o u r t t o m e a n i n g f u l l y

e x e r c i s e i t s s e n t e n c i n g power. The p a r t i e s a g r e e , h owever, t h a t i n

t h e e v e n t t h e C o u r t o r d e r s t h e p r e p a r a t i o n o f a p r e - s e n t e n c e r e p o r t

p r i o r t o s e n t e n c i n g , s u c h o r d e r w i l l n o t a f f e c t t h e a g r e e m e n t s e t

f o r t h h e r e i n .

17. I n t h e e v e n t t h e C o u r t d i r e c t s t h e p r e p a r a t i o n o f

11

a P r e - S e n t e n c e I n v e s t i g a t i o n r e p o r t , t h e D e p a r t m e n t w i l l f u l l y

i n f o r m t h e p r e p a r e r o f t h e p r e - s e n t e n c e r e p o r t and t h e C o u r t o f t h e

f a c t s and l a w r e l a t e d t o RBS S e c u r i t i e s Japan's case. E x c e p t as s e t

f o r t h i n t h i s A g r e e m e n t , t h e p a r t i e s r e s e r v e a l l o t h e r r i g h t s t o

make s e n t e n c i n g r e c o m m e n d a t i o n s t o a d d r e s s q u e s t i o n s p o s e d b y t h e

C o u r t o r t h e P r o b a t i o n O f f i c e and t o r e s p o n d t o m o t i o n s a n d

a r g u m e n t s b y t h e o p p o s i n g p a r t y .

18. T h i s agreement i s p r e s e n t e d t o t h e C o u r t p u r s u a n t

t o Fed. R. C r i m . P. 1 1 ( c ) ( 1 ) ( C ) . RBS S e c u r i t i e s J apan u n d e r s t a n d s

t h a t , i f t h e C o u r t r e j e c t s t h i s A g r e e m e n t , t h e C o u r t must: (a)

i n f o r m t h e p a r t i e s t h a t t h e C o u r t r e j e c t s t h e A g r e e m e n t ; (b) a d v i s e

RBS S e c u r i t i e s Japan's c o u n s e l t h a t t h e C o u r t i s n o t r e q u i r e d t o

f o l l o w t h e Agreement and a f f o r d RBS S e c u r i t i e s Japan t h e o p p o r t u n i t y

t o w i t h d r a w i t s p l e a ; and (c) a d v i s e RBS S e c u r i t i e s J a p a n t h a t i f

t h e p l e a i s n o t w i t h d r a w n , t h e C o u r t may d i s p o s e o f t h e c a s e l e s s

f a v o r a b l y t o w a r d RBS S e c u r i t i e s J a p a n t h a n t h e Agreement

c o n t e m p l a t e d . RBS S e c u r i t i e s J a p a n f u r t h e r u n d e r s t a n d s t h a t i f t h e

C o u r t r e f u s e s t o a c c e p t any p r o v i s i o n o f t h i s A greement, e x c e p t

p a r a g r a p h 16 above, n e i t h e r p a r t y s h a l l be b o u n d by t h e p r o v i s i o n s

o f t h e Agreement.

12

B r e a c h of Agreement

19. RBS S e c u r i t i e s J a p a n a g r e e s t h a t i f i t b r e a c h e s t h i s

A g r e e m e n t , commits any f e d e r a l c r i m e b e t w e e n t h e d a t e o f t h i s

A g r e e m e n t and t h e e x p i r a t i o n o f t h e DPA, o r has p r o v i d e d o r p r o v i d e s

d e l i b e r a t e l y f a l s e , i n c o m p l e t e , o r m i s l e a d i n g i n f o r m a t i o n i n

c o n n e c t i o n w i t h t h i s A g r e e m e n t , t h e D e p a r t m e n t may, i n i t s s o l e

d i s c r e t i o n , c h a r a c t e r i z e s u c h c o n d u c t as a b r e a c h o f t h i s A g r e e m e n t .

I n t h e e v e n t o f s u c h a b r e a c h , (a) t h e D e p a r t m e n t w i l l be f r e e f r o m

i t s o b l i g a t i o n s u n d e r t h e A greement and may t a k e w h a t e v e r p o s i t i o n

i t b e l i e v e s a p p r o p r i a t e as t o t h e s e n t e n c e ; (b) RBS S e c u r i t i e s J a p a n

w i l l n o t h a ve t h e r i g h t t o w i t h d r a w t h e g u i l t y p l e a ; (c) RBS

S e c u r i t i e s J apan s h a l l be f u l l y s u b j e c t t o c r i m i n a l p r o s e c u t i o n f o r

a n y o t h e r c r i m e s t h a t i t has c o m m i t t e d o r m i g h t commit, i f any,

i n c l u d i n g p e r j u r y and o b s t r u c t i o n o f j u s t i c e ; , a n d (d) t h e D e p a r t m e n t

w i l l be f r e e t o use a g a i n s t RBS S e c u r i t i e s J a p a n , d i r e c t l y and

i n d i r e c t l y , i n any c r i m i n a l o r c i v i l p r o c e e d i n g any o f t h e

i n f o r m a t i o n o r m a t e r i a l s p r o v i d e d b y RBS S e c u r i t i e s J apan p u r s u a n t

t o t h i s A g r e e m e n t , as w e l l as t h e a d m i t t e d S t a t e m e n t o f F a c t s

a t t a c h e d as E x h i b i t 3.

20. I n t h e e v e n t o f a b r e a c h o f t h i s Agreement b y RBS

S e c u r i t i e s Japan, i f t h e D e p a r t m e n t e l e c t s t o p u r s u e c r i m i n a l

13

c h a r g e s , o r any c i v i l o r a d m i n i s t r a t i v e a c t i o n t h a t was n o t f i l e d as

a r e s u l t o f t h i s A g r e e m e n t , t h e n :

a. RBS S e c u r i t i e s J a p a n a g r e e s t h a t a n y a p p l i c a b l e

s t a t u t e o f l i m i t a t i o n s i s t o l l e d b e t w e e n t h e

d a t e o f RBS S e c u r i t i e s Japan's s i g n i n g o f t h i s

A g r e ement and t h e d i s c o v e r y b y t h e D e p a r t m e n t o f

any b r e a c h b y RBS S e c u r i t i e s Japan p l u s one

y e a r ; and

b. RBS S e c u r i t i e s J a p a n g i v e s up a l l d e f e n s e s b a s e d

on t h e s t a t u t e o f l i m i t a t i o n s (as d e s c r i b e d i n

P a r a g r a p h 1 3 ) , a n y c l a i m o f p r e - i n d i c t m e n t

d e l a y , o r any s p e e d y t r i a l c l a i m w i t h r e s p e c t t o

any s u c h p r o s e c u t i o n o r a c t i o n , e x c e p t t o t h e

e x t e n t t h a t s u c h d e f e n s e s e x i s t e d as o f t h e d a t e

o f t h e s i g n i n g o f t h i s A greement.

i

14

Coapleta A q r a a a t a n t

21, This document s t a t e s t h e f u l l e x t e n t o f the

agreement between the p a r t i e s . There are no o t h e r promises or

agreements, ex-press or i m p l i e d . Any m o d i f i c a t i o n o f t h i s Agreement

s h a l l be v a l i d o nly i f s e t f o r t h i n w r i t i n g i n a supplemental or

r e v i s e d p l e a agreement s i g n e d by a l l p a r t i e s .

ASR8BD:

FQR RBS S e c u r i t i e s Japan Limited:

By:

Head o f RBS Legal Japan

By:

David Yeres, Esq. Robert G. Houck, Esq. C l i f f o r d Chance US LLP

FOR THE DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE, CRIMINAL DIVISION, FRAUD SECTIONi

DENIS J.'McINERNEY Ch i e f , Fraud S e c t i o n C r i m i n a l D i v i s i o n .

FOR THE DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE, ANTITRUST DIVISION:

Date: By:

By:

DEIRDRE A. McEVOY Ch i e f , New York F i e l d O f f i c e A n t i t r u s t D i v i s i o n U n i t e d S t a t e s Department o f J u s t i c e

E l i z a b e t h B. P r e w i t t A s s i s t a n t C h i e f , New York F i e l d O f f i c e A n t i t r u s t D i v i s i o n -

E r i c t i . Schlmef R i c h a r d A. rowers T r i a l A t t o r n e y s , A n t i t r u s t D i v i s i o n

16

CERTIFICATE OF COUNSEL

I am counsel f o r RBS SECURITIES JAPAN LIMITED ("RBS

S e c u r i t i e s Japan") i n t h e m a t t e r covered by t h i s Agreement. I n

c o n n e c t i o n w i t h such r e p r e s e n t a t i o n , I have examined r e l e v a n t

RBS S e c u r i t i e s Japan documents and have d i s c u s s e d t h e terms o f

t h i s Agreement w i t h RBS S e c u r i t i e s Japan's Board o f D i r e c t o r s .

Based on our r e v i e w o f t h e f o r e g o i n g m a t e r i a l s and d i s c u s s i o n s ,

I am o f t h e o p i n i o n t h a t t h e r e p r e s e n t a t i v e o f RBS S e c u r i t i e s

Japan has been d u l y a u t h o r i z e d t o e n t e r i n t o t h i s Agreement on

b e h a l f o f RBS S e c u r i t i e s Japan and t h a t t h i s Agreement has been

d u l y and v a l i d l y a u t h o r i z e d , e xecuted, and d e l i v e r e d on b e h a l f

o f RBS S e c u r i t i e s Japan and i s a v a l i d and b i n d i n g o b l i g a t i o n o f

RBS S e c u r i t i e s Japan. F u r t h e r , I have c a r e f u l l y r e v i ewed t h e

terms o f t h i s Agreement w i t h t h e Board o f D i r e c t o r s and t h e Head

o f RBS Lega l Japan. I have f u l l y a d v i s e d them o f t h e r i g h t s o f

RBS S e c u r i t i e s Japan, o f p o s s i b l e defenses, o f t h e Sentencing

G u i d e l i n e s ' p r o v i s i o n s and o f t h e consequences o f e n t e r i n g i n t o

t h i s Agreement. To my knowledge, t h e d e c i s i o n o f RBS S e c u r i t i e s

Japan t o e n t e r i n t o t h i s Agreement, based on t h e a u t h o r i z a t i o n

o f t h e Board o f D i r e c t o r s , i s an i n f o r m e d a n c _ - w l i m t a r y one.

Date: February jTT 2013

Da v i d Yeres, Esq. Robert G. Houck, Esq. C l i f f o r d Chance US LLP Counsel f o r RBS S e c u r i t i e s Japan L i m i t e d

COMPANY OFFICER'S CERTIFICATE

I have read this Agreement and carefully reviewed every part of it with outside counsel for RBS Securities Japan Limited ("RBSSJ"). I understand the terms of this Agreement and voluntarily agree, on behalf of RBSSJ, to each of its terms. Before signing this Agreement, I consulted outside counsel for RBSSJ. Counsel fully advised me of the rights of RBSSJ, of possible defences, of the Sentencing Guidelines' provisions, and of the consequences of entering into this Agreement.

I have carefully reviewed the terms of this Agreement with the Board of Directors of RBSSJ. I have advised and caused outside counsel for RBSSJ to advise the Board of Directors fully of the rights of RBSSJ, of possible defences, of the Sentencing Guidelines' provisions, and of the consequences of entering into the Agreement.

No promises or inducements have been made other than those contained in this Agreement. Furthermore, no one has threatened or forced me, or to my knowledge any person authorizing this Agreement on behalf of RBSSJ, in any way to enter into this Agreement. I am also satisfied with outside counsel's representation in this matter. I certify that I am duly authorized by RBSSJ to execute this Agreement on behalf of RBSSJ.

Date: 4 February, 2013

RBS Securities Japan Limited

Kengo Okamoto Head of RBS Legal Japan

AMR-402392-vl - 1 - S0-40472S58

EXHIBIT 1

C e r t i f i c a t e o f C o r p o r a t e R e s o l u t i o n s

A c o p y o f t h e e x e c u t e d C e r t i f i c a t e o f C o r p o r a t e R e s o l u t i o n s

i s a n n e x e d h e r e t o as " E x h i b i t 1 . "

CERTIFICATE OF CORPORATE RESOLUTION OF RBS SECURITIES JAPAN L I M I T E D

On February 4, 2013, the Board of Directors of RBS Securities Japan Limited (the "Company") resolved as follows:

Having considered:

The discussions between the Company, through its legal counsel, and the United States Department of Justice, Criminal Division, Fraud Section, and the Antitrust Division (together, the "DOJ") regarding its investigation into potential criminal violations related to the London Interbank Offered Rate ("LIBOR") and other benchmark interest rates (the "LIBOR Investigation").

The terms of the proposed Information and a Plea Agreement, with appendices, as circulated to the Board on February 4, 2013 (the "Plea Agreement").

The advice to the Board from its legal counsel regarding the terms of the Plea Agreement, as well as the advice regarding the waiver of rights and other consequences of signing the Plea Agreement.

The Board hereby R E S O L V E S that:

1. It is in the Company's best commercial interests to enter the guilty plea provided for, and agrees to the other terms provided in the Plea Agreement with the DOJ in substantially the form and substance of the form of Plea Agreement presented to this Board.

2. The directors of the Company and legal counsel for the Company are hereby each individually authorized on behalf of the Company, to execute and deliver the Plea Agreement, substantially in such form as reviewed by this Board, with such changes as such directors or legal counsel may approve.

3. The directors of the Company and legal counsel for the Company are hereby each individually authorized to take any actions necessary or appropriate, and to approve the forms, terms or provisions of any agreement or other documents necessary to effectuate the intent of these Written Resolutions (including execution and delivery of any such agreement or document on behalf of the Company).

4. Kengo Okamoto, Head of RBS Legal Japan or his delegate, is authorized (i) to execute the Plea Agreement on behalf of the Company, with such modifications as he may approve, (ii) to act and speak on behalf of the Company, in any proceeding or as otherwise necessary, for the puipose of executing the Plea Agreement, including entry of a guilty plea on behalf of the Company, and (iii) to take further action necessary to carry into effect the intent and purpose of these Written Resolutions.

5. In addition to such other delegates as he may select, Sheldon Goldfarb, General Counsel, RBS Americas and Kathleen McCarthy, Head of Litigation, RBS Americas are delegated the authority granted to Kengo Okamoto by these Written Resolutions.

HKG-l-978226-vl

6. Al l of the actions of the directors of the Company and legal counsel for the Company, which actions would have been within the scope of these Written Resolutions except that such actions were taken prior to the adoption of these Written Resolutions, are hereby severally ratified, confirmed, approved and adopted as actions on behalf of the Company.

7. The representative directors of the Company are individually authorized to provide to the DOJ a certified copy of these Written Resolutions.

Date; February 4, 2013 Directoif RBS Securities Japan Limited

HK.G-l-978226-vl - 2 -

EXHIBIT 2

C o r p o r a t e Compliance U n d e r t a k i n g s

A t t a c h e d a r e t h e r e l e v a n t e x c e r p t s o f : (1) t h e a g r e e m e n t s

e n t e r e d i n t o b y RBS S e c u r i t i e s J a p a n L i m i t e d ' s p a r e n t , The R o y a l

Bank o f S c o t l a n d p i c ("RBS"), i n r e s o l v i n g r e g u l a t o r y

i n v e s t i g a t i o n s i n t h i s m a t t e r w i t h t h e U n i t e d S t a t e s Commodity

F u t u r e s T r a d i n g Commission.

pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1961 (2006). Respondents shall pay the CMP Obligation by electronic funds transfer, U.S. postal money order, certified check, bank cashier's check, or bank money order. I f payment is to be made other than by electronic funds transfer, then the payment shall be made payable to the Commodity Futures Trading Commission and sent to the address below:

Commodity Futures Trading Coirimission Division of Enforcement ATTN: Accounts Receivables — AMZ340 E-mail Box: 9-AMC-AMZ-AR-CFTC DOT/FAA/MMAC 6500 S. MacArthur Blvd. Oklahoma City, OK 73169 Telephone: (405) 954-5644

I f payment is to be made by electronic funds transfer, Respondents shall contact Linda Zurhorst or her successor at the above address to receive payment instructions and shall fully comply with those instructions. Respondents shall accompany payment of the CMP Obligation with a cover letter that identifies the paying Respondents and the name and docket number of this proceeding. The paying Respondents shall simultaneously trarismit copies of the cover letter and the form of payment to the Chief Financial Officer, Commodity Futures Trading Commission, Three Lafayette Centre, 1155 21st Street, NW, Washington, D.C. 20581.

C. Respondents and their successors and assigns shall comply with the following conditions and undertakings set forth in the Offer:

1. PRINCIPLES 2 3

i. RBS agrees to undertake the following: (1) to ensure the integrity and reliability of its Benchmark Interest Rate Submissions), presently and in

The following terms are defined as follows:

Benchmark Interest Rate: An interest rate for a currency and maturity/tenor that is calculated based on data received from market participants and published to the market on a regular, periodic basis, such as LIBOR andEuribor;

Be nchmark Publis her: A banking association or other entity that is responsible for or oversees the calculation and publication of a Benchmark Interest Rate;

Submission(s): The interest rate(s) submitted for each currency and maturity/tenor to a Benchmark Publisher. For example, if RBS submits a rate for one month and three month U.S. Dollar LIBOR, that would constitute two Submissions;

Submitter(s): The person(s) responsible for determining and/or transmitting the Submissions); and

Supervisor(s): The person(s) immediately and directly responsible for supervising any portion of the process of Submissions) and/or any of the Submitter(s).

40

the future; and (2) to identify, construct and promote effective methodologies and processes of setting Benchmark Interest Rates, in coordination with efforts by Benchmark Publishers, in order to ensure the integrity and reliability of Benchmark Interest Rates in the future.

i i . RBS represents and undertakes that each Benchmark Interest Rate Submission by RBS shall be based upon a rigorous and honest assessment of information, and shall not be influenced by internal or external conflicts of interest, or other factors or information extraneous to any rules applicable to the setting of a Benchmark Interest Rate.

2. INTEGRITY AND RELIABILITY OF BENCHMARK INTEREST RATE SUBMISSIONS

i. DETERMINATION OF SUBMISSIONS: RBS shall determine its Submissions) based on the following Factors, Adjustments and Considerations, unless otherwise prohibited by or contrary to an affirmative obligation imposed by any law or regulation, or the rules or definitions issued by a Benchmark Publisher. RBS's transactions shall be given the greatest weight in determining its Submissions, subject to applying appropriate Adjustments and Considerations in order to reflect the market measured by the Benchmark Interest Rate.2 4

RBS shall determine its Submissions as described in these Undertakings within fourteen (14) days of the entry of this Order.

• Factor 1—RBS's Borrowing or Lending Transactions Observed

by RBS's Submitters:

a. RBS's transactions in the market as defined by the Benchmark Publisher for the particular Benchmark Interest Rate;

b. RBS's transactions in other markets for unsecured funds, including, but not limited to, certificates of deposit and issuances of commercial paper; and

c. RBS's transactions in various related markets, including, but not limited to, Overnight Index Swaps, foreign currency forwards, repurchase agreements, futures, and Fed Funds.

2 4 The rules used by Benchmark Publishers to determine Benchmark Interest Rates vary, may not be consistent with each other, and provide different levels of guidance as to how to make Submissions.

41

Factor 2 — Third Party Transactions Observed by RBS's Submitters:

a. Transactions in the market as defined by the Benchmark

Interest Rate relevant to each of the Submission(s);

b. Transactions in other markets for unsecured funds, including, but not limited to, certificates of deposit and issuances of commercial paper; and

c. Transactions in various related markets, including, but not

limited to, Overnight Index Swaps, foreign currency forwards, repurchase agreements, futures, and Fed Funds.

Factor 3 — Third Party Offers Observed by RBS's Submitters:

a. Third party offers to RBS in the market as defined by the Benchmark Publisher relevant to each of the Submissions);

b. Third party offers in other markets for unsecured funds, including, but not limited to, certificates of deposit and issuances of commercial paper, provided to RBS by interdealer brokers (e.g., voice brokers); and

c. Third party offers provided to RBS in various related markets, including, but not limited to, Overnight Index Swaps, foreign currency forwards, repurchase agreements, and Fed Funds.

Adjustments and Considerations: All of the following

Adjustments and Considerations may be applied with respect to each of the Factors above:

a. Time: With respect to the Factors considered above, proximity in time to the Submission(s) increases the relevance of that Factor;

b. Market Events: RBS may adjust its Submission(s) based

upon market events, including price variations in related markets, that occur prior to the time at vhich the Submission(s) must be made to the Benchmark Publisher. That adjustment shall reflect measurable effects on transacted rates, offers or bids;

c. Term Structure: As RBS applies the above Factors, if RBS has data for any maturity/tenor described by a Factor, then

42

RBS may interpolate or extrapolate the remaining maturities/tenors from the available data;

d. Credit Standards: As RBS applies the above Factors, adjustments may be made to reflect RBS's credit standing and/or the credit spread between the market as defined by the Benchmark Publisher and transactions or offers in the related markets used in the Factors above. Additionally, RBS may take into account counterparties' credit standings, access to funds, and borrowing or lending requirements, and third party offers considered in connection with the above Factors; and

e. Non-representative Transactions: To the extent a transaction included among the Factors above significantly diverges in an objective manner from other transactions, and that divergence is not due to market events as addressed above, RBS may exclude such transactions from its determination of its Submission(s).

i i . SUPERVISORS) REVIEW: Effective within fourteen (14) days of the entry of this Order, each dairy Submission shall be reviewed by a Supervisor on a dairy basis after the Submissions) are made to the Benchmark Publisher.25

i i i . QUALIFICATIONS OF SUBMITTER(S) A N D SUPERVISORS): All Submitter(s) shall have significant experience in the markets for the Benchmark Interest Rate to which they are submitting or a comparable market, but may designate less experienced parties, who routinely work under their supervision, to make Submission(s) during limited periods of absence. All Supervisors shall have significant experience in the markets for the relevant Benchmark Interest Rate or a comparable market. Submitters, Supervisors and any parties designated to make Submission(s) when the Submitter(s) are absent shall not be assigned to any derivatives trading desk, unit or division within RBS, or participate in derivatives trading other than that associated with RBS's liquidity and liability management. The compensation of Submitter(s) and Supervisor(s) also shall not be directly based upon derivatives trading, other than that associated with RBS's liquidity and liability management.

2 5 Insofar as this Section 2 of the Undertakings entitled "INTEGRITY AND RELIABILITY OF BENCHMARK INTEREST RATE SUBMISSIONS" applies to RBS offices in Russia, Romania and Indonesia, RBS shall have until October 25, 2013 to implement the provisions of this section with respect to those three offices; provided, however, for those offices, RBS must comply with Section 2(1) above and make its Submissions in accordance with the Factors, Adjustments and Considerations identified above within 14 days of the entry of the Order.

43

FIREWALLS: INTERNAL CONTROLS REGARDING IMPROPER COMMUNICATIONS AND SUBMISSIONS: RBS shall implement internal controls and procedures to prevent improper communications with Submitter(s) and Supervisor(s) regarding Submission(s) or prospective Submission(s) to ensure the integrity and reliability of its Submission(s). Such internal controls and procedures shall include, but not be limited to:

• The "firewalls" contemplated herein will be implemented through written policies and procedures that delineate proper and improper communications with Submitter(s) and Supervisor(s), whether internal or external to RBS. For these purposes, improper communications shall be any attempt to influence RBS's Submissions) for the benefit of any derivatives trading position (whether of RBS or any third party) or any attempt to cause RBS's Submitter(s) to violate any applicable Benchmark Publisher's rules or definitions, or Section 2 of these Undertakings; and

• A requirement that the Submitter(s) shall not be located in close proximity to traders who primarily deal in derivatives products that reference a Benchmark Interest Rate to which RBS contributes any Submission(s). The two groups should be separated such that neither can hear the other.

DOCUMENTATION: RBS shall provide the documents set forth below promptly and directly to the Commission upon request, without subpoena or other process, regardless of whether the records are held outside of the United States, to the extent permitted by law.

• For each Submission, RBS shall contemporaneously memorialize, and retain in an easily accessible format for a period of five (5) years after the date of each Submission, the following information:

a. The Factors, Adjustments and Considerations described in Section 2(i) above that RBS used to determine its Submission(s), including, but not limited to, identifying any non-representative transactions excluded from the determination of the Submissions) and the basis for such exclusions, as well as identifying all transactions given the greatest weight or considered to be the most relevant, and the basis for such conclusion;

b. All models or other methods used in determining RBS's Submission(s), such as models for credit standards and/or term structure, and any adjustments made to the Submission(s) based on such models or other methods;

44

c. Relevant data and information received from interdealer brokers used in connection with determining RBS's Submissions) including, but not limited to, the following:

• Identification of the specific offers and bids relied upon by RBS when determining each Submission; and

• The name of each company and person from whom the information or data is obtained;

d. RBS's assessment of "reasonable market size" for its Submissions) (or any other such criteria for the relevancy of transactions to a Benchmark Interest Rate), to the extent that the rules for a Benchmark Interest Rate require that pertinent transactions considered in connection with Submissions) be of "reasonable market size" (or any other such criteria);

e. Information regarding market events considered by RBS in connection with determining its Submissions), including, without limitation, the following:

• The specific market announcement(s) or event(s); and

• Any effect of such market event(s) on transacted rates, offers or bids in the relevant markets; and

f The identity of the Submitter(s) who made, and the Supervisor(s) who reviewed, the Submission(s).

• For each Submission, RBS shall retain for a period of five (5) years after the date of each Submission, the following transactional data used by RBS to determine its Submission(s); the data shall be easily accessible and convertible into the Microsoft Excel file format; the data shall include, without limitation, the following to the extent known to RBS at the time of the Submission(s):

a. Listrument; b. Maturity/tenor; c. Trade type (i.e., loan/deposit, placing/taking); d. Buy/sell indicator; e. Transaction date (in mmddyyyy format); f. Maturity date (in mmddyyyy format); g. Value date (in mmddyyyy format); h. Loan effective date;

45

i. Customer number; j . Currency; k. Ticket ID; 1. Timestamp; m. Counterparty A (buyer/bidder); n. Counterparty B (seller/offeror); o. Nominal/notional size of the transaction; p. Interest basis (360/365 day year); q. The fixed interest rate; and r. Any special or additional terms (e.g., a repurchase

agreement or some form of "non-vanilla agreement").

Transaction Records: RBS shall retain for a period of five (5) years trade transaction records and daily position and risk reports, including (without limitation) monthly and quarterly position and risk reports, related to the trading activities of Submitter(s) and traders who primarily deal in derivatives products that reference a Benchmark Interest Rate; the records and reports shall be easily accessible and convertible into the Microsoft Excel file format.

• Requirement To Record Communications: RBS shall record and retain to the greatest extent practicable all of the following communications:

a. All communications concerning the determination and review of the Submission(s); and

b. All communications of traders who primarily deal in derivatives products that reference a Benchmark Interest Rate concerning trades, transactions, prices, or trading strategies pertaining to any derivative that references any Benchmark Interest Rate (or the supervision thereof).

The above communications shall not be conducted in a manner to prevent RBS from recording such communications;

Audio communications of Submitters and Supervisors shall be retained for a period of one (1) year. Audio communications of traders who primarily deal in derivatives products that reference a Benchmark Interest Rate, and who are located in the London, Tokyo, Singapore, and Connecticut offices of RBS, shall be retained for a period of six (6) months. Subject to a reasonable time to implement, RBS's audio retention requirements pursuant to these Undertakings shall commence within a reasonable period after the entry of this Order and shall continue for a period of five (5) years thereafter;

46

All communications except audio communications shall be retained for a period of five (5) years; 2 6 and

Nothing in these Undertakings shall limit, restrict or narrow any obligations pursuant to the Act or the Cornmission's Regulations promulgated thereunder, including but not limited to Regulations 1.31 and 1.35, 17 C.F.R. §§1.31 and 1.35 (2012), in effect now or in the future.

vi. MONITORING AND AUDITING:

• Monitoring: RBS shall maintain or develop monitoring systems or electronic exception reporting systems that identify possible improper or unsubstantiated Submissions. Such reports will be reviewed on at least a weekly basis and if there is any significant deviation or issues, the underlying documentation for the Submission shall be reviewed to determine whether the Submission is adequately substantiated. I f it is not substantiated, RBS shall notify its chief compliance officer(s) and the Benchmark Publisher;

• Periodic Audits: Starting six (6) months from the date of the entry of this Order, and continuing every six (6) months thereafter, unless an annual audit is scheduled at the same time, RBS shall conduct internal audits of reasonable, random samples of its Submissions), the factors and all other evidence documenting the basis for such Submission(s), and communications of the Submitter(s) in order to verify the integrity and reliability of the process for determining Submission(s); and

• Annual Audits By Third Party Auditors: Starting one (1) year from the date of the entry of this Order, and continuing annually for four (4) additional years thereafter, RBS shaE retain an independent, third-party auditor to conduct an audit of its Submission(s) and the process for determining Submission(s), which shall include, without limitation, the following:

RBS also shall improve its current and future proprietary messaging systems within six (6) months of the entry of this Order. To ensure the prompt searching and retrieval of such internal messages, RBS shall retain all such messages in a form that identifies clearly the following information: a unique identifying code for each such internal communication such that it can be retrieved and referenced; specific identification of each participant in such a communication; with respect to a communication that takes the form of a chat room with three or more participants, the date and time (including applicable time zone) that each person joined and left that chat room; and the text of each message within each communication, including a date and time stamp for each message within a communication (including the applicable time zone).

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a. Reviewing communications of Submitter(s) and Supervisor(s);

b. Interviewing the Submitter(s) and Supervisor(s), to the extent they are still employed by RBS;

c. Obtaining written verification from the Submitter(s) and Supervisor(s), to the extent they are still employed by RBS, that the Submission(s) were consistent with this Order, the policies and procedures in place for making RBS's Submissions), and the definitions applicable to the Benchmark Interest Rate for which RBS made Submission(s); and

d. A written audit report to be provided to RBS and the Cornrnission (with copies addressed to the Commission's Division of Enforcement (the 'Division")).

vi i . POLICIES. PROCEDURES AND CONTROLS: Within sixty (60) days of the entry of this Order, RBS shall develop policies, procedures and controls to comply with each of the specific Undertakings set forth above with the goal of ensuring the integrity and reliability of its Submission(s). In addition, RBS shall develop policies, procedures and controls to ensure the following:

• The supervision of the Submission process;

• That any violations of the Undertakings or any questionable, unusual or unlawful activity concerning RBS's Submissions are reported to and investigated by RBS's compliance or legal personnel and reported, as necessary, to authorities and the Benchmark Publishers;

• The periodic but routine review of electronic communications and audio recordings of or relating to the Submission Process;

• Not less than monthly, the periodic physical presence of compliance personnel on the trading floors of the Submitter(s) and/or traders who primarily deal in derivatives products that reference a Benchmark Interest Rate in connection with these Policies, Procedures and Controls;

• The handling of complaints concerning the accuracy or integrity of RBS's Submission(s) including:

a. Memorializing all such complaints;

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b. Review and follow-up by the chief compliance officer(s) or his designee of such complaints; and

• The reporting of material complaints to the Chief Executive Officer and Board of Directors, relevant self-regulatory organizations, the relevant Benchmark Publisher, the Commission, and/or other appropriate regulators.

vi i i . TRAINING: RBS shall develop training programs for all employees who are involved in its Submissions), including, without limitation, Submitters and Supervisors, and all traders who primarily deal in derivatives products that reference a Benchmark Interest Rate. Submitters and Supervisors shall be provided with preliminary training regarding the policies, and procedures and controls developed pursuant to Section 2(vii) of these Undertakings. By no later than October 25, 2013, all Submitters, Supervisors, and traders who primarily deal in derivatives products that reference a Benchmark Interest Rate shall be fully trained in the application of these Undertakings to them, as set forth herein. Thereafter, such training will be provided promptly to employees newly assigned to any of the above listed responsibilities, and again to all Submitters, Supervisors and traders who primarily deal in derivatives products that reference a Benchmark Interest Rate as part of RBS's regular training programs. The training shall be based upon the individual's position and responsibilities, and as appropriate, address the following topics:

• The Undertakings set forth herein;

• The process of making Submissions);

• The impropriety of attempting to influence the determination of RBS's Submission(s);

• The requirement to conduct all business related to RBS's Submission(s) on RBS's recorded telephone and electronic communications systems, and not on personal telephones or other electronic devices, as set forth in Section 2(v) of these Undertakings;

• The requirement to conduct certain business related to derivatives products that reference a Benchmark Interest Rate on RBS's recorded telephone and electronic communications systems, and not on personal devices or systems, as set forth in Section 2(v) of these Undertakings;

• The policies and procedures developed and instituted pursuant to these Undertakings; and

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• The employment and other potential consequences if employees act unlawfully or improperly in connection with RBS's Submissions) or process for deteiTnining Submission(s).

ix. REPORTS TO THE COMMISSION:

• Compliance with Undertakings: Every four (4) months, starting 120 days from the entry of this Order, RBS shall make interim reports to the Commission, through the Division, explaining its progress towards compliance with the Undertakings set forth herein. Within 365 days of the entry of this Order, RBS shall submit a report to the Commission, through the Division, explaining how it has complied with the Undertakings set forth herein. The report shall attach copies of and describe the internal controls, policies and procedures that have been designed and implemented to satisfy the Undertakings. The report shall contain a certification from a representative of RBS's Executive Management, after consultation with RBS's chief compliance officer(s), that RBS has complied with the Undertakings set forth above, and that it has established policies, procedures and controls to satisfy the Undertakings set forth in this Order;

• Submitter(s). Supervisor(s). and Heads of Appropriate Trading Desks: Within fourteen (14) days of the entry of this Order, or as soon as practicable thereafter, RBS shall provide, meet with and explain these Undertakings to all Submitters, Supervisors and the head of each trading desk that primarily deals in derivatives that reference a Benchmark Interest Rate. Within that same time frame, RBS shall provide to the Commission, through the Division, written or electronic afTirrnations signed by each Submitter, Supervisor, and head of each trading desk that primarily deals in derivatives that reference a Benchmark Interest Rate, stating that he or she has received and read the Order and Undertakings herein, and that he or she understands these Undertakings to be effective immediately; and

• Disciplinary and Other Actions: RBS shall promptly report to the Commission, through the Division, all improper conduct related to any Submission(s) or the attempted manipulation or manipulation of a Benchmark Interest Rate, as well as any disciplinary action, or other law enforcement or regulatory action related thereto, unless de minimis or otherwise prohibited by applicable laws or regulations.

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DEVELOPMENT OF RIGOROUS STANDARDS FOR BENCHMARK INTEREST RATES

To the extent RBS is or remains a contributor to any Benchmark Interest Rate, RBS agrees to make its best efforts to participate in efforts by current and future Benchmark Publishers, other price reporting entities and/or regulators to ensure the reliability of Benchmark Interest Rates, and through its participation to encourage the following:

i. METHODOLOGY: Creating rigorous methodologies for the contributing panel members to formulate their Submissions. The aim of such methodologies should be to result in a Benchmark Interest Rate that accurately reflects the rates at which transactions are occurring in the market being measured by that Benchmark Interest Rate;

i i . VERIFICATION: Enforcing the use of those methodologies through an effective regime of documentation, monitoring, supervision and auditing, required by and performed by the Benchmark Publishers, and by the contributing panel members internally;

i i i . INVESTIGATION: Facilitating the reporting of complaints and concerns regarding the accuracy or integrity of Submissions to Benchmark Interest Rates or the published Benchmark Interest Rate, and investigating those complaints and concerns thoroughly;

iv. DISCIPLINE: Taking appropriate action i f following a thorough confidential investigation, the Benchmark Publisher determines that a complaint or concern regarding the accuracy or integrity of a Submission or the published Benchmark Interest Rate has been substantiated;

v. TRANSPARENCY: Making regular reports to the public and the markets of facts relevant to the integrity and reliability of each Benchmark Interest Rate. Such reports should include, but not be limited to, the following:

• At the time each Benchmark Interest Rate is published, the Benchmark Publisher should display prominently whether each rate is based entirely on transactions in the market the rate is supposed to reflect, or whether it instead is based, in whole or in part, on other data or information;

* The Benchmark Publisher also should make periodic reports regarding the number and nature of complaints and concerns received regarding the accuracy or integrity of Submissions or the published Benchmark Interest Rate while maintaining the anonymity of all those who have reported or are the subject of complaints and concerns;

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• The Benchmark Publisher should additionally make periodic reports regarding the results of all investigations into such complaints and concerns while maintaining the anonymity of all those involved in investigations that have not yet been completed; and

vi. FORMULATION: Periodically examining whether each Benchmark Interest Rate accurately reflects the rate at vhich transactions are occurring in the market being measured (using the statistical method prescribed by that Benchmark Interest Rate), and evaluating whether the definition and instructions should be revised, or the composition of the panel changed;

Such examinations should include a rigorous mathematical comparison of transactions in the relevant market with the published Benchmark Interest Rate on the same day over a specified period, and a determination of whether any differences are statistically or commercially significant.

RBS shall report periodically, on at least a quarterly basis, to the Commission, through the Division, either orally or in writing, on its participation in such efforts, to the extent that such reporting is not otherwise prohibited by law or regulations, by the rules issued by Benchmark Publishers, or by nondisclosure agreements by and between RBS and Benchmark Publishers.

4. COOPERATION WITH THE COMMISSION

i. Respondents shall cooperate fully and expeditiously with the Commission, including the Division, and any other governmental agency in this action, and in any investigation, civil litigation, or administrative matter related to the subject matter of this action or any current or future Commission investigation related thereto. As part of such cooperation, Respondents agree to the following for a period of five (5) years from the date of the entry of this Order, or until all related investigations and litigation are concluded, including through the appellate review process, whichever period is longer:

• Preserve all records relating to the subject matter of this proceeding, including, but not limited to, audio files, electronic mail, other documented communications, and trading records;

• Comply fully, promptly, completely, and truthfully with all inquiries and requests for information or documents;

• Provide authentication of documents and other evidentiary material;

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• Provide copies of documents within RBS's possession, custody or control;

• Subject to applicable laws and regulations, RBS w l make its best efforts to produce any current (as of the time of the request) officer, director, employee, or agent of RBS, regardless of the individual's location, and at such location that rnirrimizes Commission travel expenditures, to provide assistance at any trial, proceeding, or Commission investigation related to the subject matter of this proceeding, including, but not limited to, requests for testimony, depositions, and/or interviews, and to encourage them to testify completely and truthfully in any such proceeding, trial, or investigation; and

• Subject to applicable laws and regulations, RBS will make its best efforts to assist in locating and contacting any prior (as of the time of the request) officer, director, employee or agent of RBS;

i i . RBS also agrees that it will not undertake any act that would limit its ability to cooperate fully with the Commission. RBS will designate an agent located in the United States of America to receive all requests for information pursuant to these Undertakings, and shall provide notice regarding the identity of such Agent to the Division upon entry of this Order. Should RBS seek to change the designated agent to receive such requests, notice of such intention shall be given to the Division fourteen (14) days before it occurs. Any person designated to receive such request shall be located in the United States of America; and

i i i . RBS and the Comrnissioh agree that nothing in these Undertakings shall be construed so as to compel RBS to continue to contribute Submission(s) related to any Benchmark Interest Rate. Without prior consultation with the Commission, RBS remains free to withdraw from the panel of contributors to any Benchmark Interest Rate.

5. PROHIBITED OR CONFLICTING UNDERTAKINGS

Should the Undertakings herein be prohibited by, or be contrary to the provisions of any obligations imposed on RBS by any presently existing, or hereinafter enacted or promulgated laws, regulations, regulatory mandates, or the rules or definitions issued by a Benchmark Publisher, then RBS shall promptly transmit notice to the Commission (through the Division) of such prohibition or conflict, and shall meet and confer in good faith with the Commission (through the Division) to reach an agreement regarding possible modifications to the Undertakings herein sufficient to resolve such inconsistent obligations. In the interim, RBS will abide by the obligations imposed by the law, regulations, regulatory mandates and Benchmark Publishers' rules and definitions. Nothing in

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these Undertakings shall limit, restrict or narrow any obligations pursuant to the Act or the Commission's Regulations promulgated thereunder, including but not limited to Regulations 1.31 and 1.35, 17 C.F.R. §§1.31 and 1.35 (2012), in effect now or in the future.

6. PUBLIC STATEMENTS

Respondents agree that neither they nor any of their successors and assigns, agents or employees under their authority or control shall take any action or make any public statement denying, directly or indirectly, any findings or conclusions in this Order or creating, or tending to create, the impression that this Order is without a factual basis; provided, however, that nothing in this provision shall affect Respondents' (i) testimonial obligations, or (ii) right to take legal positions in other proceedings to which the Commission is not a party. Respondents and their successors and assigns shall undertake all steps necessary to ensure that all of their agents and/or employees under their authority or control understand and comply with this agreement.

D. Partial Satisfaction: Respondents understand and agree that any acceptance by the Cornmission of partial payment of Respondents' CMP Obligation shall not be deemed a waiver of their obligation to make further payments pursuant to this Order, or a waiver of the Commission's right to seek to compel payment of any remaining balance.

The provisions of this Order shall be effective as of this date.

By the Commission.

Melissa Jurgens Secretary of the Cornmission Commodity Futures Trading Commission

Dated: February ,2013

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EXHIBIT 3

EXHIBIT 3

STATEMENT OF FACTS

The f o l l o w i n g S t a t e m e n t o f F a c t s i s i n c o r p o r a t e d by-

r e f e r e n c e as p a r t o f t h e P l e a A g reement b e t w e e n t h e F r a u d

S e c t i o n o f t h e C r i m i n a l D i v i s i o n and t h e A n t i t r u s t D i v i s i o n o f

t h e U n i t e d S t a t e s D e p a r t m e n t o f J u s t i c e ( t o g e t h e r , t h e

" D e p a r t m e n t " ) and RBS S e c u r i t i e s J a p a n L i m i t e d ("RBS S e c u r i t i e s

J a p a n " o r "RBSSJ"), and RBS S e c u r i t i e s J a p a n h e r e b y a g r e e s and

s t i p u l a t e s t h a t t h e f o l l o w i n g i n f o r m a t i o n i s t r u e and a c c u r a t e .

RBS S e c u r i t i e s J a p a n a d m i t s , a c c e p t s , a n d a c k n o w l e d g e s t h a t i t

i s r e s p o n s i b l e f o r t h e a c t s o f i t s o f f i c e r s , e m p l o y e e s , and

a g e n t s as s e t f o r t h b e l o w . Had t h i s m a t t e r p r o c e e d e d t o a t r i a l

o r s e n t e n c i n g h e a r i n g , t h e D e p a r t m e n t w o u l d have p r o v e n , b y t h e

a p p l i c a b l e s t a n d a r d o f p r o o f and b y a d m i s s i b l e e v i d e n c e , t h e

f a c t s a l l e g e d b e l o w and s e t f o r t h i n t h e c r i m i n a l I n f o r m a t i o n .

T h i s e v i d e n c e w o u l d e s t a b l i s h t h e f o l l o w i n g :

I .

BACKGROUND

A. LIBOR

1 . S i n c e i t s i n c e p t i o n i n a p p r o x i m a t e l y 1986, t h e London

I n t e r b a n k O f f e r e d R a t e ("LIBOR") has b e e n a benchmark i n t e r e s t

r a t e u s e d i n f i n a n c i a l m a r k e t s a r o u n d t h e w o r l d . F u t u r e s ,

o p t i o n s , swaps, and o t h e r d e r i v a t i v e f i n a n c i a l i n s t r u m e n t s

t r a d e d i n t h e o v e r - t h e - c o u n t e r m a r k e t and on exchan g e s w o r l d w i d e

a r e s e t t l e d b a s e d on LIBOR. The Bank o f I n t e r n a t i o n a l

S e t t l e m e n t s has e s t i m a t e d t h a t i n t h e s e c o n d h a l f o f 2009, f o r

e x a m p l e , t h e n o t i o n a l amount o f o v e r - t h e - c o u n t e r i n t e r e s t r a t e

d e r i v a t i v e c o n t r a c t s was v a l u e d a t a p p r o x i m a t e l y $450 t r i l l i o n .

I n a d d i t i o n , m o r t g a g e s , c r e d i t c a r d s , s t u d e n t l o a n s , and o t h e r

consumer l e n d i n g p r o d u c t s o f t e n use LIBOR as a r e f e r e n c e r a t e .

2. LIBOR i s p u b l i s h e d u n d e r t h e a u s p i c e s o f t h e B r i t i s h

B a n k e r s ' A s s o c i a t i o n ("BBA"), a t r a d e a s s o c i a t i o n w i t h o v e r 200

member b a n k s t h a t a d d r e s s e s i s s u e s i n v o l v i n g t h e U n i t e d Kingdom

b a n k i n g a n d f i n a n c i a l s e r v i c e s i n d u s t r i e s . The BBA d e f i n e s

LIBOR a s :

The r a t e a t w h i c h an i n d i v i d u a l C o n t r i b u t o r P a n e l b a n k

c o u l d b o r r o w f u n d s , were i t t o do so b y a s k i n g f o r and

t h e n a c c e p t i n g i n t e r - b a n k o f f e r s i n r e a s o n a b l e m a r k e t

s i z e , j u s t p r i o r t o 11:00 [a.m.] L o n d o n t i m e .

T h i s d e f i n i t i o n has been i n p l a c e s i n c e a p p r o x i m a t e l y 1998.

3. LIBOR r a t e s were i n i t i a l l y c a l c u l a t e d f o r t h r e e

c u r r e n c i e s : t h e U n i t e d S t a t e s D o l l a r , t h e B r i t i s h Pound

S t e r l i n g , a nd t h e Japanese Yen. Over t i m e , t h e use o f LIBOR

ex p a n d e d , and benchmark r a t e s were c a l c u l a t e d f o r t e n

c u r r e n c i e s , i n c l u d i n g t h e o r i g i n a l t h r e e .

4. The LIBOR f o r a g i v e n c u r r e n c y i s t h e r e s u l t o f a

c a l c u l a t i o n b a s e d upon s u b m i s s i o n s f r o m a p a n e l o f banks f o r

t h a t c u r r e n c y ( t h e " C o n t r i b u t o r P a n e l " ) s e l e c t e d b y t h e BBA.

Each member o f t h e C o n t r i b u t o r P a n e l s u b m i t s i t s r a t e s e v e r y

2

L o n d o n b u s i n e s s day t h r o u g h e l e c t r o n i c means t o Thomson R e u t e r s ,

as an a g e n t f o r t h e BBA, b y 11:10 a.m. London t i m e . Once e a c h

C o n t r i b u t o r P a n e l b a n k has s u b m i t t e d i t s r a t e , t h e c o n t r i b u t e d

r a t e s a r e r a n k e d . The h i g h e s t and l o w e s t q u a r t i l e s a r e e x c l u d e d

f r o m t h e c a l c u l a t i o n , and t h e m i d d l e t w o q u a r t i l e s ( i . e . , 50% o f

t h e s u b m i s s i o n s ) a r e a v e r a g e d t o f o r m u l a t e t h e r e s u l t i n g LIBOR

" f i x " o r " s e t t i n g " f o r t h a t p a r t i c u l a r c u r r e n c y and m a t u r i t y .

5. The LIBOR c o n t r i b u t i o n o f e a c h C o n t r i b u t o r P a n e l b a n k

i s s u b m i t t e d t o b e t w e e n t wo and f i v e d e c i m a l p l a c e s , and t h e

LIBOR f i x i s r o u n d e d , i f n e c e s s a r y , t o f i v e d e c i m a l p l a c e s . I n

t h e c o n t e x t o f m e a s u r i n g i n t e r e s t r a t e s , one " b a s i s p o i n t " ( o r

"bp") i s o n e - h u n d r e d t h o f one p e r c e n t (0.01%) .

6. Thomson R e u t e r s c a l c u l a t e s and p u b l i s h e s t h e r a t e s

e a c h b u s i n e s s day b y a p p r o x i m a t e l y 11:30 a.m. London t i m e .

F i f t e e n m a t u r i t i e s ( o r " t e n o r s " ) a r e q u o t e d f o r each c u r r e n c y ,

r a n g i n g f r o m o v e r n i g h t t o t w e l v e months. The p u b l i s h e d r a t e s

a r e made a v a i l a b l e w o r l d w i d e b y Thomson R e u t e r s and o t h e r d a t a

v e n d o r s t h r o u g h e l e c t r o n i c means and t h r o u g h a v a r i e t y o f

i n f o r m a t i o n s o u r c e s . I n a d d i t i o n t o t h e LIBOR f i x r e s u l t i n g

f r o m t h e c a l c u l a t i o n , Thomson R e u t e r s p u b l i s h e s each C o n t r i b u t o r

P a n e l b a n k ' s s u b m i t t e d r a t e s a l o n g w i t h t h e names o f t h e b a n k s .

7. A c c o r d i n g t o t h e BBA, e a c h C o n t r i b u t o r P a n e l bank must

s u b m i t i t s r a t e w i t h o u t r e f e r e n c e t o r a t e s c o n t r i b u t e d b y o t h e r

C o n t r i b u t o r P a n e l b a n k s . The b a s i s f o r a C o n t r i b u t o r P a n e l

3

b a n k ' s s u b m i s s i o n , a c c o r d i n g t o a c l a r i f i c a t i o n t h e BBA i s s u e d

i n June 2008, must be t h e r a t e a t w h i c h members o f t h e bank's

s t a f f p r i m a r i l y r e s p o n s i b l e f o r management o f t h e bank's c a s h ,

r a t h e r t h a n t h e bank's d e r i v a t i v e s t r a d i n g book, c o n s i d e r t h a t

t h e b a n k c a n b o r r o w u n s e c u r e d i n t e r - b a n k f u n d s i n t h e London

money m a r k e t . F u r t h e r , a c c o r d i n g t o t h e BBA, a C o n t r i b u t o r

P a n e l b a n k may n o t c o n t r i b u t e a r a t e b a s e d on a d e s i r e t o

b e n e f i t i t s p o s i t i o n i n any d e r i v a t i v e f i n a n c i a l i n s t r u m e n t . I n

o t h e r w o r d s , a C o n t r i b u t o r P a n e l b a n k ' s LIBOR s u b m i s s i o n s s h o u l d

n o t be i n f l u e n c e d b y i t s m o t i v e t o m a x i m i z e p r o f i t o r m i n i m i z e

l o s s e s i n d e r i v a t i v e s t r a n s a c t i o n s t i e d t o LIBOR.

8. From a t l e a s t 2006 t h r o u g h 2010, t h e C o n t r i b u t o r P a n e l

f o r Yen LIBOR was c o m p r i s e d o f 16 b a n k s , i n c l u d i n g The R o y a l

Bank o f S c o t l a n d p i c ("RBS").

9. Because o f t h e w i d e s p r e a d use o f LIBOR i n f i n a n c i a l

m a r k e t s , t h i s r a t e p l a y s a f u n d a m e n t a l l y i m p o r t a n t r o l e i n

f i n a n c i a l s y s t e m s a r o u n d t h e w o r l d .

B. Interest Rate Swaps and Forward Rate Agreements

10. An i n t e r e s t r a t e swap ("swap") i s a f i n a n c i a l

d e r i v a t i v e i n s t r u m e n t i n w h i c h t w o p a r t i e s a g r e e t o exchange

i n t e r e s t r a t e c a s h f l o w s . I f , f o r e x a m p l e , a p a r t y has a

t r a n s a c t i o n i n w h i c h i t pays a f i x e d r a t e o f i n t e r e s t b u t w i s h e s

t o p a y a f l o a t i n g r a t e o f i n t e r e s t t i e d t o a r e f e r e n c e r a t e , i t

c a n e n t e r i n t o an i n t e r e s t r a t e swap t o ex c h a n g e i t s f i x e d r a t e

o b l i g a t i o n f o r a f l o a t i n g r a t e one. Commonly, f o r example,

P a r t y A p a y s a f i x e d r a t e t o P a r t y B, w h i l e P a r t y B p a y s a

f l o a t i n g i n t e r e s t r a t e t o P a r t y A i n d e x e d t o a r e f e r e n c e r a t e

l i k e LIBOR. T h e r e i s no exchange o f p r i n c i p a l amounts, w h i c h

a r e commonly r e f e r r e d t o as t h e " n o t i o n a l " amounts o f t h e swap

t r a n s a c t i o n s . I n t e r e s t r a t e swaps a r e t r a d e d o v e r - t h e - c o u n t e r ;

i n o t h e r w o r d s , t h e y a r e n e g o t i a t e d i n t r a n s a c t i o n s b e t w e e n

c o u n t e r p a r t i e s and a r e n o t t r a d e d on e x c h a n g e s .

1 1 . A f o r w a r d r a t e a g r eement i s a d e r i v a t i v e c o n t r a c t i n

w h i c h p a r t i e s s p e c i f y a r a t e o f i n t e r e s t o r c u r r e n c y exchange

r a t e t o be p a i d o r r e c e i v e d on a n o t i o n a l amount a t a f u t u r e

d a t e . U n l i k e an i n t e r e s t r a t e swap, w h i c h t y p i c a l l y p r o v i d e s

f o r an e x c h a n g e o f c a s h f l o w s o v e r a p e r i o d o f y e a r s , a f o r w a r d

r a t e a g r e e m e n t t e r m i n a t e s on t h e s p e c i f i e d s e t t l e m e n t d a t e .

12 . The m a r k e t f o r d e r i v a t i v e s and o t h e r f i n a n c i a l

p r o d u c t s l i n k e d t o Yen LIBOR i s g l o b a l a n d i s one o f t h e l a r g e s t

and most a c t i v e m a r k e t s f o r s u c h p r o d u c t s i n t h e w o r l d . A

number o f t h e s e p r o d u c t s a r e t r a d e d i n t h e U n i t e d S t a t e s - s u c h

as Yen-based swaps c o n t r a c t s t r a d e d o v e r t h e c o u n t e r - i n

t r a n s a c t i o n s i n v o l v i n g U.S.-based c o u n t e r p a r t i e s . F o r example,

more t h a n 15% o f t h e t o t a l n o t i o n a l v a l u e o f t h e t r a n s a c t i o n s

e n t e r e d i n t o b y RBS's Yen d e r i v a t i v e s t r a d e r s f r o m 2006 t h r o u g h

2010 i n v o l v e d U.S.-based c o u n t e r p a r t i e s o f t e n a c t i n g t h r o u g h

t h e i r o v e r s e a s o f f i c e s .

5

C. RBS and RBS Securities Japan

13. RBS i s a f i n a n c i a l s e r v i c e s c o r p o r a t i o n w i t h

h e a d q u a r t e r s l o c a t e d i n E d i n b u r g h , S c o t l a n d . RBS has b a n k i n g

d i v i s i o n s and s u b s i d i a r i e s a r o u n d t h e w o r l d , i n c l u d i n g i n t h e

U n i t e d S t a t e s , w i t h i t s U n i t e d S t a t e s h e a d q u a r t e r s l o c a t e d i n

S t a m f o r d , C o n n e c t i c u t . From 2006 t o 2010, one o f RBS's

d i v i s i o n s was G l o b a l B a n k i n g and M a r k e t s ("GBM"). The GBM

d i v i s i o n h a d emplo y e e s i n m u l t i p l e l e g a l e n t i t i e s a s s o c i a t e d

w i t h RBS, i n c l u d i n g RBS S e c u r i t i e s J a p a n . RBSSJ i s a w h o l l y -

owned s u b s i d i a r y o f RBS t h a t engages i n i n v e s t m e n t b a n k i n g

o p e r a t i o n s , i n c l u d i n g d e r i v a t i v e s t r a d i n g , w i t h i t s p r i n c i p a l

p l a c e o f b u s i n e s s i n Tokyo, Japan. RBS, t h r o u g h i t s GBM

d i v i s i o n , e m p l o y e d money m a r k e t t r a d e r s and d e r i v a t i v e s t r a d e r s 1

t h r o u g h o u t t h e w o r l d , i n c l u d i n g i n S t a m f o r d , C o n n e c t i c u t , and

London. Many GBM d e r i v a t i v e s t r a d e r s i n Tokyo were e m p l o y e d b y

RBS S e c u r i t i e s J a p a n . RBS's and RBS S e c u r i t i e s Japan's

d e r i v a t i v e s t r a d e r s a r e r e s p o n s i b l e f o r t r a d i n g a v a r i e t y o f

f i n a n c i a l i n s t r u m e n t s , some o f w h i c h , s u c h as i n t e r e s t r a t e

swaps and f o r w a r d r a t e a g r e e m e n t s , a r e t i e d t o LIBOR. RBS's

money m a r k e t t r a d e r s a r e r e s p o n s i b l e f o r , among o t h e r t h i n g s ,

'The t e r m " d e r i v a t i v e s t r a d e r s " i n c l u d e s t r a d e r s on RBS's s h o r t - t e r m i n t e r e s t r a t e s desks. These desks were r e s p o n s i b l e f o r s h o r t e r - t e r m d e r i v a t i v e s t r a d i n g books.

6

t r a d i n g c a s h a n d e n s u r i n g t h a t RBS has s u f f i c i e n t f u n d i n g w i t h

r e g a r d t o s p e c i f i c c u r r e n c i e s ,

D. RBS's LIBOR Submissions

14. RBS's LIBOR s u b m i s s i o n s were made b y d e s i g n a t e d LIBOR

s u b m i t t e r s . The p r i m a r y Yen LIBOR s u b m i t t e r was a money m a r k e t

t r a d e r b a s e d i n London. O t h e r money m a r k e t t r a d e r s , and a t

t i m e s d e r i v a t i v e s t r a d e r s , s e r v e d as b a c k u p s u b m i t t e r s f o r Yen

LIBOR when t h e p r i m a r y s u b m i t t e r was u n a v a i l a b l e t o make

s u b m i s s i o n s .

I I .

THE SCHEME TO DEFRAUD

15. A t v a r i o u s t i m e s f r o m as e a r l y as 2006 t h r o u g h a t

l e a s t 2 010, c e r t a i n RBSSJ d e r i v a t i v e s t r a d e r s engaged i n a

scheme t o d e f r a u d RBS's c o u n t e r p a r t i e s b y s e c r e t l y a t t e m p t i n g t o

m a n i p u l a t e and m a n i p u l a t i n g Yen LIBOR. They c a r r i e d o u t t h i s

scheme b y a t t e m p t i n g t o m a n i p u l a t e and m a n i p u l a t i n g RBS's Yen

LIBOR s u b m i s s i o n s . T h r o u g h t h a t c o n d u c t , RBSSJ d e r i v a t i v e s

t r a d e r s s o u g h t t o i n f l u e n c e , and on some o c c a s i o n s d i d

i n f l u e n c e , t h e p u b l i s h e d Yen LIBOR r a t e s b y a c t i n g i n c o n c e r t

w i t h RBS's Yen LIBOR s u b m i t t e r s t o p r o v i d e f a l s e and m i s l e a d i n g

s u b m i s s i o n s t o Thomson R e u t e r s , w h i c h were t h e n i n c o r p o r a t e d

i n t o t h e c a l c u l a t i o n o f t h e f i n a l p u b l i s h e d r a t e s .

16. RBSSJ d e r i v a t i v e s t r a d e r s , i n c l u d i n g a manager who h a d

a d e r i v a t i v e s t r a d i n g book, engaged i n t h i s c o n d u c t i n o r d e r t o

7

b e n e f i t t h e i r t r a d i n g p o s i t i o n s , and t h e r e b y i n c r e a s e t h e i r

p r o f i t s a nd d e c r e a s e t h e i r l o s s e s . As t h e s e d e r i v a t i v e s t r a d e r s

u n d e r s t o o d , t h e y c o u l d o n l y a c h i e v e t h o s e g o a l s a t t h e expense

o f t h e i r c o u n t e r p a r t i e s , whose t r a d i n g p o s i t i o n s w o u l d be

a f f e c t e d t o t h e same e x t e n t b u t i n t h e o p p o s i t e d i r e c t i o n . The

d e r i v a t i v e s t r a d e r s d i d n o t i n f o r m t h e i r c o u n t e r p a r t i e s t h a t t h e

t r a d e r s w e r e e n g a g i n g i n e f f o r t s t o m a n i p u l a t e t h e Yen

benchmarks t o w h i c h t h e p r o f i t a b i l i t y o f t h e i r t r a d e s was t i e d .

17. I n l i g h t o f t h e l a r g e n o t i o n a l v a l u e s t h a t f o r m t h e

b a s i s f o r many d e r i v a t i v e s t r a d e s t i e d t o Yen LIBOR, e v e n s m a l l

movements i n t h e Yen LIBOR r a t e s c an have a s u b s t a n t i a l i m p a c t

on t h e p r o f i t a b i l i t y o f t r a d i n g p o s i t i o n s .

18. To t h e e x t e n t t h a t RBSSJ d e r i v a t i v e s t r a d e r s , i n

c o o r d i n a t i o n w i t h RBS Yen LIBOR s u b m i t t e r s , were a b l e t o

m a n i p u l a t e RBS's Yen LIBOR submissions., t h o s e s u b m i s s i o n s were

f a l s e and m i s l e a d i n g b e c a u s e t h e y d i d n o t r e f l e c t RBS's a c t u a l

a nd h o n e s t a s s e s s m e n t o f what i t s s u b m i s s i o n s h o u l d have been

b a s e d on t h e d e f i n i t i o n o f LIBOR.

19. RBSSJ d e r i v a t i v e s t r a d e r s a l s o e n t e r e d i n t o t r a d e s

w i t h c o u n t e r p a r t i e s a f t e r t h e y had i n i t i a t e d , a nd w h i l e t h e y

p l a n n e d t o c o n t i n u e , t h e i r e f f o r t s t o m a n i p u l a t e Yen LIBOR.

20. From t h e p e r s p e c t i v e o f a c o u n t e r p a r t y , i n f o r m a t i o n

t h a t a d e r i v a t i v e s t r a d e r o n t h e o p p o s i t e s i d e o f a t r a d e was

e n g a g i n g i n e f f o r t s t o m a n i p u l a t e t h e Yen LIBOR r a t e t o w h i c h

8

t h e v a l u e o f t h e t r a d e was t i e d was m a t e r i a l . F a l s e and

m i s l e a d i n g Yen LIBOR s u b m i s s i o n s t h a t c o u l d a f f e c t t h e p u b l i s h e d

r a t e were a l s o m a t e r i a l f r o m a c o u n t e r p a r t y ' s p e r s p e c t i v e .

2 1 . RBSSJ d e r i v a t i v e s t r a d e r s who p a r t i c i p a t e d i n t h e

c o n d u c t d e s c r i b e d above d e v i s e d and c a r r i e d o u t a scheme t o

d e f r a u d t h e i r c o u n t e r p a r t i e s , and t o o b t a i n money and p r o p e r t y

f r o m t h e i r c o u n t e r p a r t i e s b y means o f m a t e r i a l l y f a l s e and

f r a u d u l e n t p r e t e n s e s and r e p r e s e n t a t i o n s , k n o w i n g t h a t t h e y were

f a l s e and f r a u d u l e n t when made and a c t i n g w i t h f r a u d u l e n t

i n t e n t . T h i s d e c e p t i v e scheme i n v o l v e d e f f o r t s b y RBSSJ

d e r i v a t i v e s t r a d e r s t o m a n i p u l a t e more t h a n 100 Yen LIBOR r a t e s .

I l l .

EXECUTION OF THE SCHEME TO DEFRAUD

22. I n f u r t h e r a n c e o f t h e scheme d e s c r i b e d above and i n

Coun t I o f t h e c r i m i n a l I n f o r m a t i o n , on o r a b o u t O c t o b e r 5,

2 0 09, an RBSSJ d e r i v a t i v e s t r a d e r b a s e d i n Tokyo, T r a d e r - 1 , 2

e n g a g e d i n an e l e c t r o n i c c h a t w i t h an RBS d e r i v a t i v e s t r a d e r

b a s e d i n London r e g a r d i n g RBS's Yen LIBOR s u b m i s s i o n s f o r t h a t

d a y . T r a d e r - 1 a s k e d o v e r a s e r i e s o f t h r e e messages "can y o u

a s k [ S u b m i t t e r - 1 ] i f he can l o w e r h i s 3mth l i b o r ? . . . b y 1

b p . . . t h a n k s [ . ] " The London d e r i v a t i v e s t r a d e r r e s p o n d e d t o

2 D e r i v a t i v e s t r a d e r s and s u b m i t t e r s are i d e n t i f i e d i n t h i s s tatement o f f a c t s by t h e same naming c o n v e n t i o n and numeric i d e n t i f i e r s as t h o s e t h a t appear i n t h e statement o f f a c t s i n c o r p o r a t e d i n t o t h e D e f e r r e d P r o s e c u t i o n Agreement between t h e U n i t e d S t a t e s and RBS, d a t e d February 6, 2 013.

T r a d e r - 1 o v e r a s e r i e s o f t h r e e messages, " y e s . . . a s k i n g . . .

d o n e [ . ] " I n a s e p a r a t e , n e a r l y s i m u l t a n e o u s e l e c t r o n i c c h a t ,

t h e L o n d o n d e r i v a t i v e s t r a d e r a s k e d S u b m i t t e r - 1 , "can y o u l o w e r

3s l i b o r b y l b p i f p o s s i b l e . . . t h a n k s , " t o w h i c h S u b m i t t e r - 1

r e s p o n d e d , " o k [ . ] " RBS d r o p p e d i t s 3-month Yen LIBOR s u b m i s s i o n

b y 1 b a s i s p o i n t , t y i n g i t f o r t h e t h i r d l o w e s t o f a l l

C o n t r i b u t o r P a n e l b a n k s .

I V .

RBS SECURITIES JAPAN'S ACCOUNTABILITY

23. RBS S e c u r i t i e s J a p a n a c k n o w l e d g e s t h a t t h e w r o n g f u l

a c t s t a k e n b y t h e p a r t i c i p a t i n g e m p l o y e e s i n f u r t h e r a n c e o f t h e

m i s c o n d u c t s e t f o r t h above were w i t h i n t h e scope o f t h e i r

e m ployment a t RBS S e c u r i t i e s J a p a n . RBS S e c u r i t i e s J a p a n

a c k n o w l e d g e s t h a t t h e p a r t i c i p a t i n g e m p l o y e e s i n t e n d e d , a t l e a s t

i n p a r t , t o b e n e f i t RBS S e c u r i t i e s J a p a n t h r o u g h t h e a c t i o n s

d e s c r i b e d above. RBS S e c u r i t i e s J a p a n a c k n o w l e d g e s t h a t due t o

t h i s m i s c o n d u c t , c o u n t e r p a r t i e s t o d e r i v a t i v e s t r a n s a c t i o n s

l o c a t e d i n t h e U n i t e d S t a t e s , i n c l u d i n g f i n a n c i a l i n s t i t u t i o n s ,

h ave b e e n e x p o s e d t o s u b s t a n t i a l r i s k o f l o s s and have s u f f e r e d

a c t u a l f i n a n c i a l l o s s .

2 4 . RBS S e c u r i t i e s J apan a d m i t s t h a t t h i s S t a t e m e n t o f

F a c t s i s f o c u s e d on t h e s p e c i f i c c o n d u c t d e s c r i b e d i n Count One

o f t h e c r i m i n a l I n f o r m a t i o n and does n o t r e p r e s e n t and i s n o t

10

i n t e n d e d t o r e p r e s e n t an e x h a u s t i v e f a c t u a l r e c i t a t i o n o f a l l

t h e f a c t s r e l a t i n g t o t h e scheme t o d e f r a u d as d e s c r i b e d h e r e i n .

11