distribution system capability statement...distribution system capability statement 2017-2019 mazoon...

Distribution System Capability Statement 2017-2019

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Foreword

Although every effort has been made to ensure the accuracy of the data provided in this statement,

Mazoon Electricity Company SOAC (MZEC) does not accept any liability for the accuracy of the

information contained herein, and in particular neither MZEC nor its directors or its employees shall

be under any liability for any misstatement or opinion on which the recipient of this statement relies

or seeks to rely.

No part of this Statement may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, transmitted or further

distributed in any form or means electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise for

any purpose other than with the written permission of MZEC.


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Company Profile

The electricity sector in the Sultanate of Oman has been extensively restructured following the

implementation of the law for the regulation and privatization of the electricity and related water

sector ("The Sector Law"). The Sector Law was promulgated by Royal Decree 78/2004 on 1 August

2004. The law provided for the unbundling of the electricity and related water activities previously

undertaken by the Ministry of Housing, Electricity and Water (MHEW).

A number of successor companies are authorized by licenses issued by the Authority for Electricity

Regulation, Oman to undertake certain regulated activities.

Mazoon Electricity Company SAOC (MZEC) is one of Nama Groups and is authorized to undertake

the regulated activities of distribution and supply within the authorized area stipulated in its License.

It serves a large supply area of almost 75000 km2 in the north-east corner of Oman. MZEC’s supply

area is split into four governorates which are Al Dakhilyiah (to the central-north of Oman), North Al

Sharqiyah and South Al Sharqiyah (the coastal region to the Eastern part of Oman) and South Al

Batinah and Wilayat of Suwaiq (the coastal region to the north-east of Oman). In this statement the

four governorates will be considered as three supply regions as following: Al Dakhilyiah, Al Sharqiyah

which consists of South Al Sharqiyah Governorate and North Al Sharqiyah Governorate and South

Batinah. Among the Four governorates, South Al Batinah Governorate has the highest number of

customer accounts with estimated supply area of 6260 km2 followed by Al Dakhilyiah with an

estimated supply of 31900 km2 with the second highest number of customer accounts. South Al

Sharqiyah Governorate and North Al Sharqiyah Governorate are the biggest among the four supply

areas with an estimated supply area of 37674 km2 and has the lowest number of customer accounts

as shown in the flow chart below.

0

50,000

100,000

150,000

200,000

250,000

300,000

350,000

400,000

Al Dakhilyiah North AlSharqiyah

South AlSharqiyah

South AlBatinah

MZEC

111,351

70,248 67,201

136,909

385,709

Customers Account


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Mazoon Electricity Company SAOC owns and operates the electricity distribution network after the

33 KV incomers circuit breakers at the grid stations down to the customer’s point of supply, which

includes the 33 kV, 11 KV and the low voltage distribution networks and intermediate primary and

secondary substations. The 33 kV distribution network is supplied from the transmission network of

the Oman Electricity Transmission Company (OETC) through seventeen 132/33 kV grid stations on

the transmission system spread across the supply area. Fifteen of the 132/33 KV grid stations,

namely Muladah, Khabourah (shared with Majan EC), Mudhairib, Mudhaibi, Jalan Bani Bu Ali,

Khdrah, AL Eigga, Interconnection Substation (MIS), Bahla, Nizwa, Madinat Nizwa Nakhal, Izki,

Sumail-A and Sur are of the standard 2x125 MVA transformer, two with 3x125 MVA which are Barka

and Rustaq, and one with 2x160 MVA (Al Swadi) design with a crossover arrangement such that the

transformers supply both 33 KV busbars. The remaining stations are of the more conventional design

without the crossover arrangement, one with 2x63 MVA transformers Sumail-B and one with 2x40

MVA (Adam).


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Table of Contents

Foreword ....................................................................................................................................... i

Company Profile ......................................................................................................................... ii

Introduction ................................................................................................................................. 1

I Purpose of Statement .......................................................................................................... 1

II Content of Statement ......................................................................................................... 1

IV Contact details for further information ......................................................................... 2 Summary Information ................................................................................................................ 3

1. Design Philosophies and Practices ................................................................................... 3

1.1 Background ....................................................................................................................... 3

1.2 Operational Environment ............................................................................................... 3

1.3 Technical, Design and Operational Criteria................................................................ 3

1.3.1 Voltage regulation..................................................................................................... 3

1.3.2 Frequency deviations .............................................................................................. 4

1.3.3 Voltage waveform quality ........................................................................................ 4

1.3.4 Voltage fluctuations ................................................................................................. 4

1.3.5 Auto-reclosing and single phase Protection Operation ................................... 4

1.4 Technical standards applying to Distribution System Users ................................. 5

1.4.1 Specific design and performance standards ...................................................... 5

1.4.1.1 Specification of apparatus and Plant............................................................. 5

1.4.1.2 Earthing ............................................................................................................... 6

1.4.1.3 Voltage control and regulation ....................................................................... 6

1.4.1.4 Protection ............................................................................................................ 6

1.4.1.5 Superimposed signals ...................................................................................... 7

1.5 General requirements for Connection ......................................................................... 7

1.5.1 Declaration of Demand characteristics ................................................................ 7

1.5.1.1 Supplies at Low Voltage ................................................................................... 7

1.5.1.2 Supplies other than at Low Voltage ............................................................... 7

1.5.2 Connection arrangements ...................................................................................... 8

1.5.3 Electrical Delivery Points ........................................................................................ 8

1.5.4 Communications ....................................................................................................... 8

1.6 Technical requirements for Connections ................................................................... 9

1.6.1 Apparatus and Plant at the ownership boundary .............................................. 9

1.6.2 Protection requirements .......................................................................................... 9

1.6.3 Earthing ...................................................................................................................... 9

1.6.4 Fault level considerations ....................................................................................... 9 1.6.5 Capacitive and inductive effects ........................................................................... 9

1.6.6 Telemetry .................................................................................................................. 10

1.7 Requirements for Embedded Gensets ...................................................................... 10

1.7.1 General requirements ............................................................................................ 10

1.7.2 Provision of information ........................................................................................ 10

1.7.3 Information required from all Embedded Gensets .......................................... 11

1.7.4 Additional information required from some Embedded Gensets ................. 11

1.7.5 Technical requirements ......................................................................................... 11

1.7.5.1 Genset performance requirements .................................................................. 11

1.7.5.2 Control arrangements ........................................................................................ 12

1.7.5.3 Coordinating with existing protection ............................................................... 12

1.7.5.4 Islanding ............................................................................................................ 12


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1.7.5.5 Black Start capability ...................................................................................... 13

1.7.5.6 Genset commissioning tests ......................................................................... 13

2. The 33 kV System ................................................................................................................ 13

2.1 System Configuration ................................................................................................... 13

2.2 System Security ............................................................................................................. 14

2.3 Selection and Application of Plant ............................................................................. 14

2.3.1 Transformers ........................................................................................................... 14

2.3.2 Switchgear................................................................................................................ 15

2.3.3 Overhead Lines ....................................................................................................... 15

2.3.4 Underground Cables .............................................................................................. 15

2.3.5 Short Circuit Levels ................................................................................................ 15

2.3.6 Protection ................................................................................................................. 15

3. The 11 kV System ................................................................................................................ 15

3.1 System Configuration ................................................................................................... 15

3.2 System Security ............................................................................................................. 16

3.3 Selection and Application of Plant ............................................................................. 16

3.3.1 Distribution Substations ....................................................................................... 16

3.3.2 Overhead lines ........................................................................................................ 17


3.3.4 Short Circuit Levels ................................................................................................ 17

3.3.5 Protection ................................................................................................................. 17

4. The Low Voltage System .................................................................................................... 17

4.1 System Configuration ................................................................................................... 17 4.3 Selection and Application of plant ............................................................................. 17

4.3.1 Distribution Substations ....................................................................................... 17

4.3.2 Overhead Lines ....................................................................................................... 18


4.3.4 Protection ................................................................................................................. 18

5. Operating Voltage ................................................................................................................ 18

6. Load Management Areas .................................................................................................... 18

7. Other Interconnected Networks ........................................................................................ 19

8. The 33 kV System Load Flow Study ................................................................................. 19

8.1 Introduction ..................................................................................................................... 19

8.2 Purpose of the Study .................................................................................................... 19

8.3 The 33 kV Distribution Network .................................................................................. 19 8.4 The Load Flow Analysis ............................................................................................... 20

8.5 Presentation of Results and Single Line Diagrams for the Years 2016-2018 .... 20

9. The 33 kV Short Circuit Analysis ...................................................................................... 20

10. Voltages Non Compliance ............................................................................................... 21

11. Distribution System Security Standards (DSSS) ........................................................ 21

12. Demand Forecast ............................................................................................................... 23

12.1 Introduction................................................................................................................... 23

12.2 Load Curves .................................................................................................................. 24

12.3 Demand forecast Methodology ................................................................................. 27

Autonomous Demand Growth ............................................................................................... 27

Corporate Projects/Customers: ......................................................................................... 29

13.1 Strategic Development Statement for Al Dakhilyiah Governorate .................... 30

13.1.1 Existing Capacity at Grid Substations ............................................................. 31

13.1.2 Reinforcement of the Nizwa Area ...................................................................... 32

13.1.3 Reinforcement of Bahla Area ..................................................................................... 34 13.1.4 Reinforcement of Izki Area ................................................................................. 36


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13.1.5 Reinforcement of Sumail Area ........................................................................... 38

13.1.5 Reinforcement of Adam Area ............................................................................. 39

13.2 Strategic Developments for North Al-Sharqiyah Governorate ........................... 40


13.2.2 Reinforcement of Mudhaibi Area ....................................................................... 41

13.2.3 Reinforcement of Ibra Area................................................................................. 43

13.2.4 Reinforcement of Wadi Tayeen Area ................................................................ 44

13.2.5 Reinforcement of Bidyah Area ........................................................................... 45

13.3 Strategic Developments for South Al Sharqyiah Governorate .......................... 47


13.3.2 Reinforcement of Sur Area ................................................................................. 48

13.3.3 Reinforcement of Al Kamil and Jalan Bani Bu Hassan Area ....................... 50

13.3.4 Reinforcement of Jalan Bani Bu Ali Area ........................................................ 52

13.4 Strategic Development Statement for South Al Batinah Governorate ............. 53

13.3.1 Grid Substations ....................................................................................................... 53

13.3.2 Reinforcement of the Suwaiq area .................................................................... 55

13.3.4 Reinforcement of the Nakhal Area .................................................................... 59

13.3.5 Reinforcement of the Barka Area ...................................................................... 60

13.3.6 Reinforcement of the Rustaq Area .................................................................... 63

13.5 Sponsor Projects ......................................................................................................... 65

14. Assessment of MZEC Distribution System losses ..................................................... 67

15. Network Suitability for New Connections ..................................................................... 69


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Lists of Tables

Table 1: Voltage Regulation................................................................................................................................................... 4

Table 2: Number of 33/11.5 kV substations and transformers up to August 2016 .................................................14

Table 3: Current Ratings of Bus Bar, Bus-section, Transformer and Feeder Bays ...............................................15

Table 4: Number of distribution transformer until August 2016 ...................................................................................16

Table 5: MZEC’s operating voltages ..................................................................................................................................18

Table 6: Distribution System Security Standards ...........................................................................................................22

Table 7: MZEC peak load .....................................................................................................................................................23

Table 8: Peak Demand in MW of Corporate Projects by Customer Category expected in 2017-2019 .............29

Table 9: MZEC coincident after diversity and load factor .............................................................................................30

Table 10: Grid Substations load at Al Dakhilyiah Governorate ...................................................................................31

Table 11: Projects Associated with Reinforcement of the Nizwa Area in 2017 (Madinat Nizwa) ........................32

Table 12: Projects Associated with Reinforcement of the Nizwa Area in 2018 .......................................................33



Table 15: Projects Associated with Reinforcement of Bahla Area in 2018 ...............................................................35

Table 16: Projects Associated with Reinforcement of Bahla Area in 2019 ...............................................................35

Table 17: Projects Associated with Reinforcement of Izki Area in 2017 ...................................................................36



Table 20: Projects Associated with Reinforcement of Sumail Area in 2017 .............................................................39

Table 21: Projects Associated with Reinforcement of Adam Area in 2017 ..............................................................40

Table 22: Available Grid Substation Capacity in North Al Sharqiyah Governorate ................................................41

Table 23: Projects Associated with Reinforcement of the Al-Mudhaibi Area in 2017 ............................................42

Table 24: Projects Associated with Reinforcement of the Al-Mudhaibi Area in 2018 ............................................43

Table 25: Projects Associated with Reinforcement of the Al-Mudhaibi Area in 2019. ...........................................43

Table 26: Projects Associated with Reinforcement of Ibra Grid in 2017. .................................................................44

Table 27: Projects Associated with Reinforcement of Ibra Grid in 2018 ..................................................................44

Table 28: Projects Associated with Reinforcement of Wadi Tayeen Grid in 2017 ..................................................45



Table 31: Projects Associated with Reinforcement of Bidayah Area in 2017 ..........................................................46

Table 32: Projects Associated with Reinforcement of Bidayah Area in 2018. .........................................................46

Table 33: Projects Associated with Reinforcement of Bidayah Area in 2019 ..........................................................47

Table 34: Load at Grid Substations of South Al Sharqyiah Governorate ..................................................................48

Table 35: Projects Associated with Reinforcement of Sur Area in 2017 ...................................................................49



Table 38: Projects Associated with Reinforcement of the Al Kamil and Jalan Bani Bu Hassan Area in 2017 .51



Table 41: Projects Associated with Reinforcement of the Jalan Bani Bu Ali Area in 2017 ...................................52



Table 44: Grid stations load at South Al Batinah governorate .....................................................................................53

Table 45: Projects Associated with Reinforcement of Suwaiq Area in 2017 ............................................................56

Table 46: Projects Associated with Reinforcement of Suwaiq Area in 2018 ............................................................58

Table 47: Projects Associated with Reinforcement of Musanah Area in 2017 ........................................................58


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Table 48: Projects Associated with Muladah-B grid station at Musanah Area in 2017 ..........................................59

Table 49: Projects Associated with Reinforcement of Musanah Area in 2017 ........................................................59

Table 50: Projects Associated with Reinforcement of the Nakhal Area ....................................................................60

Table 51: Projects Associated with Reinforcement of Barka Area in 2017 ..............................................................60

Table 52: Projects Associated with Reinforcement of the Barka Area in 2017 .......................................................61

Table 53: Projects Associated with Reinforcement of the Madinat Barka-B grid station in 2018 ........................61

Table 54: Projects Associated with Reinforcement of the Barka Area in 2019 ........................................................62

Table 55 : Projects Associated with Reinforcement of Rustaq Area in 2017 ...........................................................63

Table 56: Projects Associated with Reinforcement of Rustaq Area in 2018 ............................................................64

Table 57: Projects Associated with Reinforcement of Rustaq Area in 2018 ............................................................64

Table 58: Sponsor Project in 2017 .....................................................................................................................................66

Table 64: Sponsor Project in 2018 .....................................................................................................................................67

Table 60 : Sponsor Project in 2019 ...........................................................................................................................................67

Table 66: MZEC losses Targets .........................................................................................................................................68

Lists of Figures

Figure 3: The Load Profile of MZEC ..................................................................................................................................24

Figure 4: Weekly Load Profile .............................................................................................................................................25

Figure 5: MZEC Yearly Load Profile 2016 (Jan-Oct) .....................................................................................................25

Figure 6: Regional Individual Maximum Load .................................................................................................................26

Figure 7: Oman ISC population statistics 2006-2013, extrapolated to 2019 ............................................................28

Figure 8: MZEC losses regional wise (2015, 2016 vs target 2016) ............................................................................68

Figure 9: Regional Losses Contribution to the overall MZEC losses .........................................................................69


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Introduction

I Purpose of Statement This Capability Statement is prepared in accordance with the Distribution & Supply License Condition

32: Distribution System Capability Statement and Clause DPC.4.4 (Three Year Capability

Statement) of the Distribution Planning Code to assist existing and future users of MZEC’s network

in examining opportunities available to them to make new or additional use of the network.

The aim of the Three Year Capability Statement is to:

1) Improve the availability of distribution network information.

2) Furnish developers with sufficient information to carry out initial assessments of network

capability.

3) Inform users of distribution network about development proposals.

II Content of Statement The statement contains information regarding the 33 kV and 11 kV systems and the transformation

level to 11 kV that are owned and operated by MZEC. Some of the requirements for the connection

to the Distribution System derived from the {Distribution Code – Distribution Connection

Conditions Code (DCC)}, design philosophies employed by MZEC, general description of MZEC’s

Distribution System are included in the Summary Information section.

Introduction

An overview of the Long Term Development Statement intended to enable users and potential users

of the network to understand the scope of the information provided and to assess if it would be of

use to them.

Summary Information

This is a general description of the design philosophies and practices appropriate to the whole of the

distribution network.

Load Flow Study of the 33 kV Network

A general and brief description of the load flow study analysis carried on MZEC’s 33 KV network

using ETAP software is presented in this part of the statement.

Short Circuit Study of the 33 kV Network

A brief outlining of the short circuit study analysis results conducted on the 33 KV networks of the

four Governorates are presented.



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Voltage Non-Compliance

Non-compliance towards the voltage standards is presented for the 33 kV bus bars at the primary

substations only is addressed in section 10.

Distribution System Security Standards (DSSS)

After the approval of the Distribution System Security Standards in November 2008, compliance with

the planning standards has become a compulsory issue. This is presented in section 11.

Load Curves

Sample graphs of MZEC’s load curve (yearly, weekly and daily) are presented in section 12.

Strategic Development Statements of MZEC Licensed areas

These development statements for the four Governorates Al Dakhilyiah, North Al Sharqiyah, South

Al Sharqiyah and South Al Batinah governorates are presented in a detailed form in section 13.

IV Contact details for further information

Requests for a copy or even copies of this Capability Statement or for assistance in interpretation

and clarification of the information contained in the statement should made to:

Senior Planning & Asset Management Manager

Mazoon Electricity Company SAOC

P.O. Box 1229

P.C. 131, Al-Hamriya

Sultanate of Oman

Tel. +968- 24573818

Fax +968- 24573440

E-Mail: [email protected]

Commented [A1]: nnual, weekely and daily curves are enough

mailto:[email protected]



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Summary Information 1. Design Philosophies and Practices

1.1 Background

Mazoon Electricity Company SAOC (MZEC) has a functional philosophy that underlies the

development of the distribution system at the three voltages 33, 11 and 0.415 kV. This ensures that

the whole distribution system satisfies the following fundamental design criteria throughout the

planning period:

1) Compliance with all legal and statutory requirements,

2) Compliance with all regulatory requirements, including the Grid Code and the Distribution Code,

3) Compliance with all relevant national and international standards,

4) Ability to meet the demands placed upon it in terms of customer requirements, supply

performance (availability and reliability) and supply quality (voltage and waveform quality).

The distribution system must also be capable of being operated, maintained, repaired, extended and

replaced as necessary during its life, without exceeding design levels of risk to the customers it

serves.

1.2 Operational Environment

The distribution system has to be designed such that it is capable of continuous operation under the

range of climatic conditions that can be reasonably expected in the geographic region covered by

MZEC’s distribution system.

1.3 Technical, Design and Operational Criteria

The Distribution System and any Distribution System User Connections to the Distribution System

shall be designed to be consistent with the security requirements of Condition 31 of the Distribution

and Supply License.

MZEC will ensure that the Distribution System complies with the following technical, design and

operational criteria in relation to the part of the Distribution System at the Connection Site with a

Distribution System User.

1.3.1 Voltage regulation

The voltage on the 33 kV and 11 kV sides of Distribution transformers at Connection Sites with

Distribution System Users shall normally be controlled within the limits± 6%of the nominal value.

During some System Disturbances such as where short circuits occurs, the voltage may collapse

transiently to zero at the point of fault until the fault is cleared.

Under fault and circuit switching conditions the 50.00Hz Frequency component of voltage may fall

or rise transiently. The fall or rise in voltage will be affected by the method of earthing of the neutral

point of the Distribution System and this variation in voltage shall be taken into account in selecting

apparatus and Plant from an appropriate specification for installation or Connection to the System.



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The voltage at the Consumer’s terminals shall not vary from the System nominal voltage by more

than (see Table 1)

Table 1: Voltage Regulation

Consumers Connected at Nominal Voltage Tolerance

HV 33/11 kV ± 6%

LV 415/240 V ± 6%

1.3.2 Frequency deviations

During normal operating conditions, the nominal System Frequency of the Transmission and

Distribution Systems will be 50.00 Hz and normally will be controlled by Oman Electricity

Transmission Company (OETC) between 49.95Hz and 50.05Hz. During exceptional steady state

conditions, Frequency deviations will not exceed 49.90Hz to 50.10Hz unless disturbed

circumstances prevail. Under disturbed conditions, System Frequency could rise transiently to 51.50

Hz or fall to 48.00 Hz.

1.3.3 Voltage waveform quality

All apparatus and Plant Connected to the Distribution System, and that part of the Distribution

System at each Connection Point, should be capable of withstanding the following distortions of the

voltage waveform in respect of harmonic content and phase unbalance.

The maximum total levels of harmonic distortion on the Distribution System at, 33 kV and 11 kV,

from all sources under both normal, planned outage and fault outage conditions, shall not exceed a

total harmonic distortion of 2.0 % with no individual harmonic greater than 1.5 % unless abnormal

conditions prevail. At LV the maximum total levels of harmonic distortion from all sources shall not

exceed a total harmonic distortion of 2.5 %.

The maximum negative phase sequence component of the phase voltage on the Distribution System

should remain below 1.0 % unless abnormal conditions prevail. A maximum value of 2.0 % is

permitted for phase unbalance.

1.3.4 Voltage fluctuations

Voltage fluctuations arising from fluctuating Demands Connected at a Connection Point to the

Distribution System shall not exceed 1.0% of the voltage level for step changes that may occur

repetitively. Any large voltage excursions other than step changes may be allowed up to a level of

3.0% provided that this does not constitute a risk to the Distribution System or to any Distribution

System User.

1.3.5 Auto-reclosing and single phase Protection Operation

Distribution System Users should be aware that MZEC may use auto-reclosing or sequential

switching features on the Distribution System. MZEC will on request provide details of the auto-



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reclosing or sequential switching features in order that the Distribution System User may take this

into account in the design of the User’s Distribution System, including Protection arrangements.

Distribution System Users should be aware that the Protection arrangements on some Distribution

Systems may cause disconnection of one phase or two phases only of a three phase Supply for

certain types of fault.

1.4 Technical standards applying to Distribution System Users

All Distribution System User apparatus and Plant associated with the Connection to the Distribution

System shall comply with the following standards, as applicable (in the following order of

precedence):

(a) Safety Rules;

(b) Oman Electrical Standards (OES), which are such national standards as may be

amended by the Distribution Code Review Panel from time to time and approved by Authority

for Electricity Regulation, Oman “the Authority” or which are imposed under the Sector Law;

(c) The standards and recommendations of the International Standards Organization and the

International Electro technical Commission; and

(d) National standards and codes which are accepted internationally.

Further advice will be made available upon request to MZEC.

In the event that any standard or specification with which a Distribution System User’s Plant and/or

apparatus is required to comply under DCC.5 is amended, MZEC, having consulted with the affected

Distribution System Users, will bring the issues to the Distribution Code Review Panel for

consideration. Following the review, the Distribution Code Review Panel will make a

recommendation to the Authority for approval as to what action, if any, should be taken regarding

compliance.

Where MZEC determines that in order to ensure safe and coordinated Operation of a Distribution

System User’s Plant and/or apparatus with the Distribution System, there is a requirement for

supplemental specifications and/or standards to apply to the design of a Distribution System User’s

Plant and/or apparatus, MZEC shall notify the Distribution System User and the Distribution System

User shall comply with the additional requirements. On request from the Distribution System User,

a Licensed Distributor shall provide reasonable evidence as necessary to demonstrate the need for

the supplemental specifications and/or standards. If a Distribution System User is still not satisfied,

the Distribution System User may refer the issue to the Distribution Code Review Panel for review.

1.4.1 Specific design and performance standards

1.4.1.1 Specification of apparatus and Plant

The specifications of apparatus and Plant shall be such as to permit operation of the Distribution

System within the Safety procedures of MZEC, details of which will be made available by MZEC

upon request.

Apparatus and Plant shall be suitable for use at the operating Frequency, within the intended

operating voltage range and at the design short-circuit rating of the Distribution System to which it is

Connected having due regard to fault carrying capabilities and making and breaking duties. In



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appropriate circumstances, MZEC will provide details of the System to which Connection is to be

made.

Apparatus and Plant shall be operated within the thermal rating conditions contained in the

appropriate standards, specifications, and other relevant publications, taking into account the

intended use. Upon request, MZEC will make such information available.

1.4.1.2 Earthing

MZEC can advise on the method of earthing of the Distribution System, for example, whether it is

connected solidly to Earth or through impedance. The specification of associated apparatus and

Plant of the Distribution System User shall meet the voltages that will be imposed on the apparatus

and Plant as a result of the method of earthing. The methods of earthing should comply with the

requirements of Oman Electrical Standards.

Distribution System Users shall take precautions to limit the occurrence and effects of circulating

currents in respect of the neutral points connected with earth where there is more than one source

of electricity.

1.4.1.3 Voltage control and regulation

Any extension or Connection to the Distribution System shall be designed in such a way that it does

not adversely affect the voltage control employed by MZEC on the Distribution System. MZEC if

requested by the Distribution System User will make information on the voltage regulation and

control arrangements available.

1.4.1.4 Protection

The Distribution System and the System of any Distribution System User Connected to the

Distribution System shall incorporate protective devices to ensure that apparatus and Plant with

electrical faults are disconnected from the System promptly and that the effects of faults on one

System do not impose unreasonable risks to other Systems.

To ensure satisfactory operation of the Distribution System, Protection Systems, operating times,

discrimination, and sensitivity at the ownership boundary shall be agreed between MZEC and the

System User during the process of application for Connection and may be reviewed from time to

time by MZEC with the agreement of the customer. Back-up Protection by Operation of other circuit

breakers or apparatus and Plant having a similar function must normally be provided, to safeguard

the System against a circuit breaker, or apparatus and Plant having a similar function, failing to

Operate correctly to interrupt fault current on a High Voltage System. During the process of

application for connection, MZEC will advise the Distribution System User if Back-up protection is

not required.

Distribution System Users shall not use protection and associated apparatus and plant to limit the

fault current in feed to the Distribution System, if the failure of that protection and associated

apparatus and plant to operate as intended in the event of a fault, could cause apparatus and plant

owned by MZEC to operate outside its short-circuit rating, unless MZEC should advise otherwise.



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1.4.1.5 Superimposed signals

Where Distribution System Users install mains-borne signaling apparatus and plant it shall comply

with European Standard EN50065 as amended from time to time. Prior agreement shall be obtained

in writing from MZEC where a Distribution System User proposes to use such apparatus and plant

that may superimpose signals on the Distribution System.

1.5 General requirements for Connection

DCC.6 ensures that all Distribution System Users of the Distribution System are subject to the same

requirements for connection. DCC.6 specifies the information required from Distribution System

Users by MZEC in order to ensure that adequate technical provision is made for new Supplies or

increases in existing Demand. DCC.6 also applies to Gensets that Operate in parallel with the

Distribution System, where a supply is required from MZEC under normal or Emergency Conditions.

1.5.1 Declaration of Demand characteristics

1.5.1.1 Supplies at Low Voltage

For Supplies at Low Voltage it is possible in most cases to assess whether a proposed Connection

is acceptable, and to determine the necessary Supply arrangements, from analysis of the following

limited data:

(i) Maximum power requirements ( kVA or kW and Power Factor);

(ii) Type and electrical loading of apparatus and Plant to be Connected, e.g. number and

size of motors, electrical cooling arrangements; and

(iii) The date when the Connection is required.

These data requirements will be specified on the appropriate application for Connection form

obtainable from MZEC. Should a preliminary examination of this data indicate that more detailed

information is required then it shall be provided to MZEC upon request if reasonably required.

1.5.1.2 Supplies other than at Low Voltage

For Supplies other than at Low Voltage it may be necessary for the following additional information

to be provided on request:

(i) All types of Demand:

(a) Maximum Distribution System User Active Power requirement (MW);

(b) Maximum and minimum Reactive Power requirements (MVAr);

(c) Type of Demand and control arrangements e.g. controlled rectifier or large motor

drives, type of starter employed;

(d) Maximum Demand on each phase at time of maximum Demand; and

(e) The maximum harmonic currents to be imposed on MZEC Distribution System.

(ii) Fluctuating Demands:

Details of the cyclic variation, and where applicable the duty cycle, of Active Power (and Re-active

Power, if appropriate), in particular:

(a) The rates of change of Active and Reactive Power, both increasing and

decreasing;



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(b) The shortest repetitive time interval between fluctuations in Active Power and

Reactive Power; and

(c) The magnitude of the largest step changes in Active Power and Reactive Power,

both increasing and decreasing.

In some cases, more detailed information may need to be provided to permit a full assessment of

the effect of the Demand on the Distribution System. Such information may include an indication of

the pattern of buildup of Demand and a proposed commissioning program. MZEC will specifically

request this information when necessary.

1.5.2 Connection arrangements

The design of Connections between the Distribution System and Distribution System Users shall be

in accordance with the principles set out in the DCC, subject to any modification to which MZEC may

reasonably consent.

During the process of application for Connection MZEC will agree with the Distribution System User

the voltage level to which a Distribution System User will be connected in accordance with its normal

practice for the type of Demand to be supplied. MZEC may on occasion specify a different

Connection voltage from normal in order to avoid potential disturbance caused by the Distribution

System User apparatus to other Distribution System Users of the Distribution System or for other

technical reasons or may agree alternative methods for minimizing the effects of disturbing

Demands.

Before entering into an ECA/ECUOSA it will be necessary for MZEC to be reasonably satisfied that

the Distribution System User’s System at the boundary with the Distribution System will comply with

all appropriate requirements of the Distribution Code.

1.5.3 Electrical Delivery Points

The point or points at which Supply is given or taken will be the Electrical Delivery Points as specified

in the ECA/ECUOSA. For Supplies at Low Voltage the general rule is that the Electrical Delivery

Point will be at the Distribution System User terminals of the Metering System.

For High Voltage Supplies, including Connections between MZEC and Distribution System Users,

and where necessary, bus bar Connected Supplies at Low Voltage, the points of Supply will be the

Electrical Delivery Points as specified in the ECA/ECUOSA. The respective ownership of Plant or

apparatus will be recorded in the ECA/ECUOSA between a MZEC and the Distribution System User

as required. In the absence of a separate agreement between the parties to the contrary,

construction, commissioning, control Operation and maintenance responsibilities follow ownership.

Paragraph DCC.9 specifies responsibilities at the Connection Site.

1.5.4 Communications

Where, for operational reasons, MZEC determines that a means of routine and emergency

communication between MZEC and the Distribution System User is required then the same shall be

provided and maintained by the Distribution System User.



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1.6 Technical requirements for Connections

1.6.1 Apparatus and Plant at the ownership boundary

All apparatus and Plant at the ownership boundary shall meet the design principles contained within

DCC.4. Connections for entry to and exit from the Distribution System shall incorporate a means of

disconnection of the installation by MZEC.

1.6.2 Protection requirements

Protection requirements vary widely depending on established practices and the needs of the

particular Distribution System. The basic requirement in all cases is that Distribution System User

arrangements for Protection at the ownership boundary, including types of apparatus and Plant and

Protection settings, must be compatible with standard practices on the Distribution System, as

specified by MZEC during the process of application for Connection. In particular;

(i) Maximum clearance times (from fault current inception to arc extinction) must be within

the limits established by MZEC in accordance with Protection and apparatus and Plant short

circuit rating policy adopted for the Distribution System;

(ii) In Connecting to the Distribution System the Distribution System User should be aware

that auto-reclosing or sequential switching features may be in use on the Distribution System.

MZEC will on request provide details of the auto-reclosing or sequential switching features in

order that the Distribution System User may take this into account in the design of the

Distribution System User System, including Protection arrangements; and

(iii) The Distribution System User should also be aware that the Protection arrangements on

some Distribution Systems, e.g. rural, may cause disconnection of one phase only of a three

phase Supply for certain types of fault.

1.6.3 Earthing

Earthing of that part of the Distribution System User System that is connected to MZEC’s Distribution

System shall comply with the arrangements specified in DCC.5.2.1.

1.6.4 Fault level considerations

The short circuit rating of Distribution System User’s apparatus and Plant at the Connection Point

should be not less than the design fault level of the Distribution System to which it is connected. The

choice of apparatus and Plant for Connection at Low Voltage may take into account attenuation in

the service lines in accordance with Good industry Practice. MZEC in the design of its System will

take into account the contribution to fault level of the Connected System and apparatus.

In order to permit these assessments to be carried out information should be exchanged on

prospective fault power in feed and X/R ratios, where appropriate, at points of entry to and exit from

the Distribution System.

1.6.5 Capacitive and inductive effects

The Distribution System User shall, when applying to make a Connection, provide MZEC with

information as detailed in DCC.7. Details will be required of capacitor banks and reactors connected

at High Voltage which could affect the Distribution System and which it is proposed to Connect if



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agreed by MZEC. When requested by MZEC details of distributed circuit capacitance and inductance

shall also be provided. Sufficient detail is required to:

(i) Verify that controlling apparatus and Plant of the Distribution System is suitably rated;

(ii) Show that the performance of the Distribution System will not be impaired; and

(iii) Ensure that arc suppression coils when used by MZEC for System Earthing purposes

are correctly installed and operated.

1.6.6 Telemetry

The Distribution System User should provide such voltage, current, Frequency, Active Power and

Reactive Power pulses and outputs and status points from its System as are considered reasonable

by Licensed Distributors to ensure adequate System monitoring. The telemetry outstation in such a

situation will be provided, installed and maintained by MZEC. Under the requirements of the Grid

Code new CDGensets and Production Facilities will need to provide signals to OETC for monitoring

purposes.

If it is agreed between the parties that MZEC shall control the switchgear on the Distribution System

User’s System MZEC shall install the necessary telecontrol outstation. Notwithstanding the above,

it shall be the responsibility of the Distribution System User to provide the necessary control interface

for the Distribution System User switchgear that is to be controlled.

1.7 Requirements for Embedded Gensets

1.7.1 General requirements

Embedded CDGensets shall comply with the general principles of the Grid Code, subject to the

particular requirements of MZEC necessitated by the adjacent Distribution System conditions, which

will be made known by MZEC during the Connection application process. Copies of data supplied in

accordance with the Grid Code shall be given to MZEC.

1.7.2 Provision of information

Embedded Gensets will fall within three basic classes for which the Power Producer shall provide

the following minimum information to MZEC during the process of Connection application or

otherwise as requested by MZEC. When applying for Connection to the Distribution System Power

Producers shall also refer to DCC.5 and OES. The three basic classes are;

a - Embedded CDGensets (All Gensets with a Registered Capacity of 5MW or greater will be

centrally dispatched);

b - Embedded Gensets Connected at or below 20 kV and with an output not in excess of 5MW;

and

c - Embedded Gensets who are to be connected at Low Voltage and less than 300 kVA in

capacity.

MZEC will use the information provided to model the Distribution System and to decide what method

of Connection will need to be employed and the voltage level at which the Connection should be

made. If MZEC reasonably concludes that the nature of the proposed Connection or changes to an

existing Connection requires more detailed consideration then further information may be requested.

It is unlikely that more information than that specified in DCC.8.3.1 will be required for Embedded

Gensets who are to be connected at Low Voltage and are less than 50 KVA in capacity, or connected

at other than Low Voltage and less than 300 kVA in capacity.



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1.7.3 Information required from all Embedded Gensets

Each Power Producer will provide to MZEC information on (a) the Gensets and (b) the proposed

interface arrangements between the Genset and the Distribution System. MZEC may require the

following information before entering into an ECA/ECUOSA to connect any Gensets to the

Distribution System:

Genset data

a Terminal volts; kV

b Rated Capacity; kVA

c Rated Capacity; kW

d Maximum Active Power sent out

Reactive Power requirements (if any);

kwso max

kVAr

e Type of Genset; Synchronous, asynchronous, etc

f Type of prime-mover;

g Anticipated operating regime of Gensets; Continuous, intermittent, peak lopping

h Fault level contribution; kA

I Method of voltage control;

j Generator transformer details; As applicable

k Requirements for top-up Supplies and/or standby Supplies;

Interface arrangements

a The means of Synchronization between MZEC and Distribution System User;

b Details of arrangements for Connecting with earth that part of the User System

Connected to the Distribution System;

c The means of Connection and disconnection which are to be employed;

d Precautions to be taken to ensure the continuance of safe conditions should any

earthed neutral point of the User System Operated at HV become disconnected from

earth;

1.7.4 Additional information required from some Embedded Gensets

MZEC may request the information before entering into an ECA/ECUOSA to connect any Gensets

greater in size than 5 MW or connected at a voltage level above 11 kV onto the Distribution System.

1.7.5 Technical requirements

1.7.5.1 Genset performance requirements

For Embedded CDGensets the electrical parameters required would be those detailed in the Grid

Code.



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For Gensets not subject to Central Dispatch the electrical parameters that must be achieved at the

Genset terminals are defined according to the Connection method and will be specified by MZEC

with the offer for Connection. Each Genset or Production Facility must be capable of Supplying its

Registered Capacity within the Total System Frequency range 49.50 to 50.50 Hz. The output power

should not be affected by voltage changes within the permitted operating range.

1.7.5.2 Control arrangements

Licensed Distributors will specify in writing if a continuously acting fast response automatic excitation

control System is required to control the Genset voltage without instability over the entire operating

range of the Genset or Production Facility. This will be dependent on the size and type of Genset or

Production Facility and the part of the Distribution System to which it is connected.

1.7.5.3 Coordinating with existing protection

It will be necessary for the Protection associated with Embedded Gensets to co-ordinate with the

Protection associated with the Distribution System as follows:

(i) For Gensets Connected to the Distribution System the Genset must meet the target

clearance times for fault current interchange with the Distribution System in order to reduce

to a minimum the impact on the Distribution System of faults on circuits owned by Power

Producers. MZEC will ensure that MZEC Protection settings meet its own target clearance

times.

The target clearance times are measured from fault current inception to arc extinction and

will be specified by MZEC to meet the requirements of the relevant part of the Distribution

System.

(ii) The settings of any Protection controlling a circuit breaker or the operating values of any

automatic switching device at any Connection Point with the Distribution System shall be

agreed between MZEC and the Distribution System User in writing during the Connection

consultation process.

The Protection settings or operating values shall not be changed without the written

agreement of MZEC.

(iii) It will be necessary for the Genset Protection to co-ordinate with any auto-reclose policy

specified by MZEC.

(iv) Any Genset or Production Facility Connected to the Distribution System will be required

to withstand, without tripping, the negative phase sequence loading incurred during the

clearance of a close-up phase-to-phase fault by System Backup Protection which will be

within the Plant short time rating on the Distribution System. MZEC will advise the Power

Producer of the expected negative phase sequence loadings during the ECA/ECUOSA

process.

1.7.5.4 Islanding

It is possible that a part of a Distribution System to which Embedded Gensets are connected could,

during Emergency Conditions, become detached from the rest of the Distribution System. MZECshall

decide dependent on local network conditions, if it is desirable for the Embedded Gensets to continue

to Generate onto the islanded Distribution System.



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If no facilities exist for the subsequent resynchronization of the islanded section of the Distribution

System with the rest of the Distribution System then the Embedded Genset will under Licensed

Distributor instruction, ensure that the Genset is disconnected for resynchronization.

Under Emergency Conditions there is an expectation that some Gensets will continue to operate

outside the Frequency limits set down in the Grid Code CC.6. However, for Embedded Gensets

Connected to the Distribution System at a voltage level less than 33 kV it is likely that this could

mean Connection within an automatic under-frequency Demand disconnection zone. Consequently,

Embedded Gensets should ensure that all Protection on Gensets should have settings to co-ordinate

with those on the automatic under-frequency Demand disconnection apparatus and Plant that will

be detailed by MZEC on request.

1.7.5.5 Black Start capability

Each Embedded Power Producer shall notify MZEC if its Gensets has a restart capability without

Connection to an external power Supply, unless the Embedded Genset shall have previously notified

OETC accordingly under the Grid Code.

1.7.5.6 Genset commissioning tests

Where Gensets require Connection to the Distribution System in advance of the commissioning date,

for the purposes of testing, the Genset must comply with the requirements of the ECA/ECUOSA.

The Power Producer shall prepare a commissioning program and obtain approval to the program

from MZEC to allow commissioning to be coordinated.

2. The 33 kV System

2.1 System Configuration

The 33 kV System of MZEC serves in a distribution role between the OETC and the 11 kV system

as direct 132/11 kV transformation is not in use. The system consists mainly of 33 kV feeders,

33/11kV primary substations and 33/0.415 kV transformers installed on some feeders where it is not

feasible to develop 11 kV network due to limited amount of demand. The 33 kV feeders emanate

from the 132/33 kV grid stations to supply the 33/11 kV primary substations. Primary substations are

of two types, namely indoor type and outdoor type. Indoor primary substations are mainly of 2x10

MVA and 2x20 MVA with 33 kV outdoor/indoor circuit breakers and 14 panels 11 kV indoor

switchgear. Indoor primary substations are proposed to be constructed during the coming years to

supply highly growing areas. Outdoor primary substations are installed throughout the four

governorates of MZEC in urban and rural areas where demand is normally less than 12 MVA. The

normal practice is to supply each primary substation with two 33 kV feeders; each feeder is feeding

one transformer and serves as an alternative supply for the whole substation in case the other feeder

fails. Along the 33 kV feeders, Tees are used to connect primary substations. The whole network is

interconnected especially at South Al Batinah and Al Dakhilyiah governorate except in few situations,

where radial feeders without interconnections with other feeders feed primary substations.



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2.2 System Security

The majority of MZEC’s primary substations are of the standard two transformers type with two

separate 33 kV and 11 kV busbars. In some cases where demand is much less than the capacity of

two transformers, which is normal in remote rural areas, primary substations with only one 33/11 kV

transformer are installed. The 33 kV network is designed and will be developed to meet its customer’s

satisfaction and comply with the Distribution System Security Standards (DSSS).

2.3 Selection and Application of Plant

2.3.1 Transformers

Transformers installed in the 33 kV system are categorized into 33/11.5 kV and 33/0.433 kV.

33/11.5 kV transformers are standard as far as the 33 kV system is concerned. The ratings in use

are 1, 3, 6, 10 and 20 MVA. The 1, 3 and 6 MVA transformers are equipped with Off Load Tap

Changers, whereas 10 and 20 MVA transformers are equipped with On Load Tap Changer. All

transformers comply with the requirements of IEC 76/BSS 171. The temperature rise of winding shall

not exceed 50 Deg. C by resistance of oil, 40 Deg. C by thermometer over an ambient of 50 Deg. C.

The 33/0.433 kV transformers are naturally cooled outdoor oil immersed core type and are complying

with the requirements of IEC 76/BSS 171 except that the temperature rise shall not exceed 50 Deg.

C for winding by resistance and 40 Deg. C for oil by thermometer. The smallest rating in use for this

category is 50 kVA and the highest is 1000 kVA.

Currently, the number of 33/11.5 kV substations and transformers exists in the system up to August

2016 are shown in Table 2.

Table 2: Number of 33/11.5 kV substations and transformers up to August 2016

Asset Type Quantity Total

North

Sharqiyah South

Sharqiyah South Al Batinah

Al Dakhilyiah

20MVA 12 24 63 46 145

10MVA 4 7 5 2 18

6MVA 52 35 64 76 227

3MVA 7 N/A 8 9 24

1MVA 3 1 2 2 8

Total No. of Transformers

78 67 152 135 422



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2.3.2 Switchgear

The 33 kV indoor switchgear is of single bus bar, totally enclosed metal-clad type with withdraw able

circuit breakers or metal-clad SF6 insulated with vacuum or SF6 circuit breakers. 11 kV and 33 kV

current ratings of the bays are shown in Table 3.

Table 3: Current Ratings of Bus Bar, Bus-section, Transformer and Feeder Bays

Rating 11 kV at Primary

substations

33 kV

Bus-bar 2000 A 2000A

Bus-Section 1200 A 1200A

Transformer 1200 A 600A

Feeder 400 A 600A

2.3.3 Overhead Lines

Overhead lines are extensively used due to the rural character of MZEC’s Authorized Area. These

are mainly bare ACSR conductors with conductor sizes of 150 mm2 (wolf) or 200 mm2 (panther) on

wooden and concrete poles supported by post insulators. Up to August 2016 the installed overhead

line hit a total of 3577.8 km.

2.3.4 Underground Cables

Due to the rural area character of MZEC’s Authorized Area, 33 kV underground cables are mainly

used to connect overhead lines with grid stations, connecting some overhead lines with primary

substations, road crossings situations and in urban areas and towns where overhead lines cannot

be installed. The standard size commonly in use is the 3-core 300 mm2 copper XLPE cables. It

conforms to relevant IEC specifications. The use of underground cable increases significantly and

the installed length reached around 877.6 km in August 2016.

2.3.5 Short Circuit Levels

Switchgear installed on the 33 kV Distribution System will be specified with a three-phase

symmetrical short circuit breaking rating not less than 25 kA at 33 kV for 2x20 MVA substations.

2.3.6 Protection

All items of plant will be covered by systems of the main protection. Distance protection is employed

for overhead line feeders.

3. The 11 kV System


The main purpose of the 11 kV systems is to distribute electricity into and around local urban and

rural areas in an economic, efficient, safe and secure manner whilst meeting the needs of customers.



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The general design principle for configuring the distribution system is based on primary substations,

indoor and outdoor with mostly two transformers and 11 kV busbars, providing a continuous firm 11

kV supply. The 11 kV feeders emanate from the 33/11 kV indoor and outdoor primary substations

are mainly overhead lines feeding the distribution transformers. At all indoor primary substations, 11

kV circuit breakers are provided whereas 11 kV Auto-Reclosers are provided at the outdoor primary

substations. Due to the regional character of MZEC’s authorized area, 11 kV underground feeders

are seldom. Interconnections between feeders from the same primary substation or from different

primary substations through Ring Main Units (RMU), Air Break Switches (ABS) and Open Jumpers

are the normal practice.

These 11 kV feeders are normally operated as radial feeders, with the open point selected for ease

of operational access to minimize customer minutes lost, whilst taking account of the need to meet

security requirements and minimize system losses and voltage drops.

3.2 System Security

In order to meet the customer’s expectations and needs, the 11 kV network is designed and will be

developed to meet the obligations set out in the relevant codes and comply with the approved

Distribution System Security Standards.

3.3 Selection and Application of Plant

3.3.1 Distribution Substations

Distribution substations are of two types, ground-mounted and pole-mounted. For ground-mounted

distribution substations, normally one transformer of rated capacity 500 kVA or higher are used,

whereas those transformers with ratings less than 500 kVA are installed on H-Pole structures. Both

types of substations are fed from the 11 kV feeders either directly with jumpers (Pole-Mounted) or

through 11 kV cables (Ground-Mounted). Expulsion fuses are used to protect both types of

substations on the high voltage side and HRC fuses on the low tension side. However Ground-

mounted transformers connected through HFU are protected by HRC fuses of 63 A and 31.5 A for

1000 kVA & 500 kVA respectively.

MZEC has already started to implement two smaller ratings, namely 25 and 50 kVA to minimize

transformer losses arising from using higher ratings for loads which are far away less than the

capacity of the transformer.

The number of distribution substation exist in the system up to the August 2016 is shown in Table

4.

Table 4: Number of distribution transformer until August 2016

Governorate Number of Distribution Substation

North Al Sharqiyah 3838

South Al Sharqiyah 2373

Al Dakhilyiah 4892

South Al Batinah 5502

Total 16605



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3.3.2 Overhead lines

Overhead lines are extensively used. These are mainly bare ACSR conductors with conductor sizes

of 100 mm2 (dog) or 150 mm2 (wolf) on wooden poles supported by post insulators. MZEC also

introduced SAX insulated conductor in areas suffering from severe climates such as Jalan Bani Bu

Ali and Sur. There is a total of 9353.1 km of 11 kV overhead lines until August 2016 represents the

second highest length of installed circuits in the systems.


The 11 kV underground cables are mainly used to connect overhead lines with primary substations,

connect some distribution substations with overhead lines, road crossings situations and in urban

areas and towns where overhead lines cannot be installed. The standard sizes commonly in use are

50 mm2, 70 mm2, 120 mm2, 185 mm2and 240 mm2copper XLPE three-core cables. Both conform to

relevant IEC specifications. However, in the planned areas the connections will only be using

underground cables to comply with the Policy of Undergrounding. As stated earlier the increase of

use of underground cable have pushed the total installed 11kV underground cables upward and

reached around 2465.3 km in August 2016 and expected to increase dramatically in the following

years.

3.3.4 Short Circuit Levels

Switchgear installed on the 11 kV Distribution System will be specified with a three-phase

symmetrical short circuit rating not less than 18.4 kA at 11kV.

3.3.5 Protection

All feeders are protected against over-current and earth faults whether emanating from indoor or

outdoor primary substations and distribution transformers are protected with expulsion fuses on the

high voltage side and HRC fuses on the low tension side. In general, the protection will be time

graded and arranged to limit the disruption of supplies in the event of a system fault.

4. The Low Voltage System


The main purpose of the LV distribution system is to distribute electricity in local urban or rural areas

and to deliver it to customers' LV entry points in an economic, efficient, safe and secure manner.

The LV system will normally be developed as a network of tapered radial mains supplied from a

distribution substation placed near to the load Centre.

4.2 System Security

MZEC’s low tension network is designed and will be developed to meet its customer’s satisfaction

and comply with the approved Distribution System Security Standards.

4.3 Selection and Application of plant

4.3.1 Distribution Substations



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The main constituents of the distribution substations are the 11/0.433 kV transformers and feeder

pillars or cutout boxes. The 800A and 1600 A feeder pillars are normally used with Ground Mounted

transformers whereas 400 A control boxes are used for Pole Mounted transformers.

4.3.2 Overhead Lines

Low tension feeders radiate from the distribution substations as insulated overhead lines to supply

the customers by Tees either with overhead lines on 9 meter wooden poles or underground cables.

New main lines are constructed using insulated conductors of cross-sectional area 120 mm2, 185

mm2 and 200 mm2 according to the load although 95 mm2 are still in use. There are around 9866.5

km of installed overhead lines till August 2016 and the increase of this type is expected to slow down

looking to the intensive use of the underground cable.


Underground cables are used to connect the overhead lines to the distribution substations. They are

also used to connect the premises to the overhead lines. These are of varying sizes such as 1x630

mm2, 4-core 120 mm2, 4-core 150 mm2, 4-core 185 mm2 and 4-core 240 mm2. In new planned areas,

the LT network will be of underground cables only to comply with the Undergrounding Policy. A total

length of 6876.7 km of underground cable up to August 2016 is very likely to increase with steep

trend more than the previous years.

4.3.4 Protection

Low tension feeders are protected with HRC fuses at the feeder pillars or cutout boxes.

5. Operating Voltage

The following Table 5 shows MZEC’s operating voltages.

Table 5: MZEC’s operating voltages

Normal System voltage Highest

voltage

Target voltage Allowable

tolerance

415/240 V - 415/240 V ± 𝟔%

11 kV 12.5 kV 11.5 kV ± 𝟔%

33 kV 36 kV 33 kV ± 𝟔%

6. Load Management Areas

During the normal operation of the distribution system, there are no areas of MZEC distribution

network affected by load management scheme. Load management schemes will be employed for

the Demand Control. The need for reduction in Demand arises in situations of insufficient Generation

Capacity and where severe operating difficulties pose a threat to the stability of the Main

Interconnected System including the security of the Distribution System.



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7. Other Interconnected Networks

The main interconnection with other networks is with OETC system via grid supply point substations.

These are eight grid substations in South Al Batinah namely Barka Main, Al Sawadi, Muladah, MIS,

Rustaq, Nakhal, Khdrah and Khabourah and seven grid substations in Al Dakhilyiah namely Nizwa,

Madinat Nizwa, Bahla, Izki, Sumail-A, Sumail-B and Adam, two grid substations in South Al

Sharqiyah namely Sur, Jalan BB Ali, and three grid substations in North Al Sharqiyah namely

Mudhairib, Ibra and Mudhaibi. Interconnections on the 33 kV and 11 kV voltage level are with Majan

Electricity Company and Muscat Electricity Distribution Company. The 33 kV interconnections with

Majan Electricity Company and Muscat Electricity Distribution Company are mainly alternative

supply sources in emergency situations. At some locations, MZEC has Interconnection with the

Ministry of Defence (MOD) which serves mainly for the import and export of energy which depends

on the condition of the demand.

8. The 33 kV System Load Flow Study

8.1 Introduction

A load flow study is necessary to verify that the electrical system has the adequate capacity to supply

the connected load.

In distribution systems, load flow studies are performed to determine the steady-state operation of

the distribution system. A load-flow study calculates the voltage drop on each feeder, the voltage at

each bus, and the power flow in all branch and feeder circuits. Losses in each branch and total

system power losses are also calculated.

Normally, load flow studies determine if system voltages remain within specified limits under various

operating conditions, and whether equipment such as transformers and conductors are overloaded.

Load flow studies are often used to identify the need for additional generation, capacitive, or inductive

VAR support, or the placement of capacitors and/or reactors to maintain system voltages within

specified limits.

Commonly, load flow studies are carried out to investigate:

1) Bus Voltage Profiles

2) Real and Reactive Power Flow

3) Power System Losses

4) Proper Transformer Tap Settings

A load flow study was conducted on MZEC’s 33 kV distribution system.

8.2 Purpose of the Study

This load flow analysis is carried out in accordance with the requirements of Condition 32:

Distribution System Capability Statement of our Distribution and Supply License and the Distribution

Planning Code DPC.4.4 (Three Year Capability Statement). It is intended to study and analyze

MZEC’s 33 kV distribution system from the planning and operation points of view.

8.3 The 33 kV Distribution Network

MZEC’s 33 kV distribution network is composed of four isolated networks:



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1) Al Dakhilyiah Distribution Network

2) North Al Sharqiyah Distribution Network

3) South Al Sharqiyah Distribution Network

4) South Al Batinah Distribution Network

Each of them is fed from the 132/33 kV or 220/33 kV Grid Stations, where 33 kV outgoing feeders

are radiated to feed the 33/11 kV primary indoor and outdoor substations in addition to few pole

mounted 33/0.433 kV transformers.

8.4 The Load Flow Analysis

The starting point of the load flow analysis is the existing 33 kV networks of the four governorates in

summer 2016. Using ETAP software, load flow for the Loading Category Summer 2016 was

conducted, using the measured loads of summer 2016, for the four governorates, Al Dakhilyiah, Al

Sharqiyah (South and North) and South Al Batinah separately. In this study, the measured 11 kV

currents which were measured in the 11 kV feeders of substations were used to carry out this study.

As the purpose of the present load flow analysis is to assist preparing MZEC’s Capability Statement

for the period 2017-2019, the measured loads were used as the basis for the studies in 2017, 2018

and 2019. The load flow study was conducted for the Loading Category Summer 2017 as a load

projection of summer 2016, Loading Category 2018 projected from summer 2017 and Loading

Category 2019 projected from summer 2018. The results of each study phase (Loading Category)

were analyzed in relation to equipment’s loading and voltage magnitudes at the 33 kV and 11 kV

buses. Equipment with overloading and bus bars with under voltages were identified. The network

reinforcement required to relief the overloaded equipment and improve the voltage profiles are

proposed and the networks of the four governorates are modified accordingly and a new load flow

study is conducted.

Complete and Summary reports for each region are available on request.

8.5 Presentation of Results and Single Line Diagrams for the Years 2017-2019

For simplicity and ease of understanding, the results of the load flow analysis are regenerated in MS

Excel spread sheets in the annexure listed below.

1) Annexure 1-A-1: Al Dakhilyiah Equipment Loading (Primary Substations)

2) Annexure 1-A-2: Al Dakhilyiah Equipment Loading (33 kV Feeders)

3) Annexure 1-B-1: South Al Sharqiyah Equipment Loading (Primary Substations)

4) Annexure 1-B-2: South Sharqiyah Equipment Loading (33 kV Feeders)

5) Annexure 1-C-1: South Al Batinah Equipment Loading (Primary Substations)

6) Annexure 1-C-2: South Al Batinah Equipment Loading (33 kV Feeders)

7) Annexure 1-D-1: North Al Sharqiyah Equipment Loading (Primary Substations)

8) Annexure 1-D-2: North Al Sharqiyah Equipment Loading (33 kV Feeders)

The single line diagrams for the years 2017, 2018 and 2019 are available on request.

9. The 33 kV Short Circuit Analysis

It is normally understood by the short-circuit calculation, the calculation of the characteristic short-

circuit quantities. Namely, Initial Symmetrical Current, Peak Current, Breaking Current and the



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Steady State Current. These currents can produce considerable thermal and mechanical stresses

in electrical distribution equipment. The faults causing these current interrupt the system’s steady-

state operating condition and may lead to instability, loss of synchronism and outages. Their

calculation is a perquisite in system design, planning and operation to ensure that the system

components are properly selected to withstand these abnormal currents and the protective devices

are capable to detect and interrupt them. Proper interruption of these currents will protect the

personnel, public, animals as well as the equipment.

The Short Circuit Study is conducted on Mazoon’s 33 kV distribution network as part of its Three

Year Capability Statement in accordance with the requirements of Condition 32 of MZEC Distribution

and Supply License. The short circuit study is carried out on the Mazoon’s three 33 kV networks for

the years 2017 - 2019 using ETAP. In the study, only load connected buses are short circuited i.e.

33 and 11 kV busbars excluding nodes.

The results showed that all the short circuit currents are below the equipment rating in all

governorate.

For simplicity, only the 3- Fault Currents for the years 2017, 2018 and 2019 are shown. These are

presented in Annexure 2-A-1, 2 & 3, 2-B-1, 2 & 3, 2-C-1, 2 & 3 and 2-D-1, 2 & 3 for the four

governorates Al Dakhilyiah, South Al Sharqiyah, South Al Batinah and North Al Sharqiyah

respectively.

10. Voltages Non Compliance

Non-compliance towards the voltage standards is presented for the 33 kV busbars at the primary

substations only. The voltage non-compliance observed at the 33 kV busbars is not affecting the

voltage at the 11 kV busbars, due to the existence of the tap changers. Due to the fact that the

majority of MZEC customers are connected at the LV network, there is no clear and reliable

information on the number of voltage non-compliances at the customer premises. However, MZEC

keeps records of customer complaints and take them into consideration while carrying out the

reinforcement programs. The partial incorporation of 11kV modeling into the upcoming Capability

Statements will provide a better picture on the status of voltage at the customer side. Having said all

of the above, it is worth mentioning that at peak hours the voltage at the grid substations falls beyond

the normal operating value. The voltage non-compliances are shown in Annexure VD-A-1, 2 & 3,

VD-B-1, 2 & 3, VD-C-1, 2 & 3 and VD-D-1, 2 & 3 for the four governorates Al Dakhilyiah, South Al

Sharqiyah, South Al Batinah and North Al Sharqiyah governorates respectively for period 2017 -

2019. However, we are maintaining the voltage level at 11 kV through the capacitors and

Transformer tap changer, so that the voltage with distribution user are maintained within ±6%.The

proposed reinforcement projects will relief the distribution system components and consequently,

the voltages at the non-compliant buses will be improved.

The additional capacitive capacity will bring the power factor at the primary level within the range of

(0.95 lagging to 0.95 leading) specified in the Distribution Code and Grid Code and help keeping the

voltage within ± 6% . Furthermore, the reduction of the reactive current flowing in the 33 kV network

for long distance will reduce the distribution losses.

11. Distribution System Security Standards (DSSS)

After the approval of Distribution System Security Standards in November 2008 as shown in Table

6 below, MZEC is obliged to comply with the Planning requirements of Security Standards. Since

the grant of MZEC’s Distribution and Supply License, MZEC has started planning its distribution



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network to comply with simple planning principle to supply its customers with a high quality product.

The starting point was the purchase of high quality power system analysis software, namely

Electrical Transient Analysis Program (ETAP), for the analysis of its distribution system. The 33 kV

networks of the four governorates namely Al Dakhiliyah, Al Sharqiyah (South and North) and South

Al Batinah were drawn in the ETAP as early as 2006 and MZEC presented its first Three Year

Capability Statement with the aid of this powerful software. The results obtained from the ETAP

encouraged MZEC to purchase another three Licensees for its 11 kV networks and also upgraded

the original version.

Table 6: Distribution System Security Standards

DEMAND CLASS Initial System Conditions

First Outage

(Forced Outage)

Second Outage

(Planned Outage + Forced

Outage)

A Less than 2 MW Repair time No requirement

B 2 to 6 MW 3 Hours No requirement

C 6 to 20 MW Within 15 minutes Restoration time of planned outage

D 20 to 100 MW Immediately Restoration time of planned outage

E Greater than 100 MW Immediately Immediately, 2/3rds of demand

The load flow study carried out on the 33 kV networks of the four governorate showed compliances

and non-compliances towards Distribution System Security Standards for the 33 kV feeders and the

33/11 kV substations. The study is based on the measured currents of the 33/11 kV substations in

summer 2016 for the load category 2016. The results of the study for the three years 2017-2019

were analyzed against the security standards for the feeders and the substations for each

governorate separately. The 33 kV feeders and 33/11 kV substations that are not complying with the

Distribution System Security Standards (DSSS) are presented in a tabulated form of prospective

security derogation lists.

According to the Security Class, a 33 kV feeder is considered not complying with the standards if,

upon a fault on the feeder the Demand Group cannot be supplied within the prescribed period of

time. Where a portion of the feeder cannot be fed back, the feeder is considered and classified as

non-compliant. For the 33/11 kV substations, two situations are of interest. In the first case, if two

transformers are installed in a substation but the total load is greater than the capacity of one

transformer, then the substation is considered non-compliant. The second situation is where only

one transformer is installed and there is no link to a nearby substation that can take the affected

demand group, then the substation is considered non-compliant. It is worth mentioning that the non-

compliance is only during the summer period. For most of the year many feeders and substations

are compliant with the DSSS except the radial feeders, T-Offs and substations with only one installed

transformer. All investments in MZEC Network are to make all substations compliance with DSSS.



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12. Demand Forecast

12.1 Introduction

MZEC’s annual peak demand forecast is the essential first value of input into development plans.

Annual peak demand is the highest rate of energy demand across the course of a year. By monitoring

and planning for peak demand, MZEC ensures the distribution networks maintain the ability to

provide a reliable supply under the most strenuous load demand conditions. MZEC is monitoring

and reviewing the peak demand annually to ensure:

Identify the change of load trends.

Looking for the impact of increasing load to the customer especially Industrial and

commercial.

Development of the efficient network expansion plans to match the demand forecast and

support economic development.

Observation of annual peak load ensures the most recent information and country development are

considered when forecasting the expected impact on each individual substations and the total

system peak for the main interconnected system. For each substation, separate measure are used

to determine the substation peak load and the substation load at the time of the total system peak

load as each of these peak loads may not occur at the same time or have the same drive. Moreover,

the detailed geographical level of substation allow distribution planning to identify demand growth in

the area.

MZEC is one of the areas rapidly developing in Oman. Because the government provides the basic

infrastructure in this areas, so the people are encouraged to invest and build in MZEC areas

especially in South Al Batinah Governorate which is the most densely populated governorate in the

Sultanate. Next table shows the percent growth from 2008 until 2015. It’s obviously the percent of

growth increased rapidly in 2011 and 2012 and the sharp drop in load growth in 2010 was due to

adverse weather conditions.

Table 7: MZEC peak load

2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

Peak load

MW

990 1096.65 1124.7 1268.17 1426.55 1504.96 1641 1877 1975

% Growth 0 9.7 2.4 11.3 11.1 5.2 8.2 12.5 4.9

It’s expected to increase the load for upcoming years. Because MZEC recognized non ordinary

growth driven by considerable number of governmental investments in form of tourism projects,

infrastructure projects, and industrial projects as well as private sector investments accompanying

them. Also, Ramadan start moving into summer months and the requirement for air condition will be

high.



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12.2 Load Curves

To give a general view of the load behavior, the load profiles for MZEC taken at Sunday 10th July

2016 which is the day of MZEC Peak was plotted and presented in Figure 1 below. The highest

load was reached at 15:00 hours due to in this hour most of the people returned to their houses to

take rest after duty time, in this day the load recorded was 1975 MW.

Figure 1: The Load Profile of MZEC

Similarly, a weekly load profile covering the period from 7th July to 13th July 2016 was plotted in

Figure 2 to show the load behavior of MZEC load in a typical week of the year. The selected week

included MZEC peak day. It is obvious that the load during weekend slightly less than that during

normal days.

0

400

800

1200

1600

2000

2400

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24

MW

Hours

Daily Load Carve



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Figure 2: Weekly Load Profile

To complete the picture, the yearly load profile for year 2016 until October was also plotted in

Figure 3. The yearly load profile was obtained from plotting the highest reading in each month to

from the Maximum load profile for the entire MZEC System as well as for each governorate.

Figure 3: MZEC Yearly Load Profile 2016 (Jan-Oct)

Mazoon Load curve follows a typical load behavior in hot countries as the peak period is in summer

season that starts approximately in April and ends in September. It can be also of importance to

notice that MZEC Peak is almost three times its minimum load recorded in off peak period during

January and February. The demand side management need to consider this issue to minimize the

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

1800

2000

2200

MW

Weekly Load Profile (7 July - 13 July 2016)

Max LoadMW

Min LoadMW

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

MW

Months

MZEC Max Load MW Dakhiliyah Max Load MW

North Sharqiyah Max Load MW South Batinah Max Load MW

South Sharqiyah Max Load MW



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gap between peak period and off peak period which no doubt will result on savings at generation,

transmission and distribution systems.

As can be seen from the graph of Figure 3, that South Al Batinah Load represent the highest load

among the all the governorates followed by Al Dakhilyiah and Al Sharqiyah (South + North)

governorate.

Furthermore, Figure 4 below presents the Maximum load at the governorates in MZEC for the last

ten years that does not necessarily happened in the same day of MZEC peak.

Figure 4: Regional Individual Maximum Load

It is obvious from Figure 4 above that South Al Batinah governorate despite the fact that it is the

smallest one among the other governorates in terms of area; it is the highest in terms of Load.

From 2007 to 2009 there were gradual increases in the growth of the three governorates. However,

in year 2010 the recorded peaks are slightly lower in South Al Batinah than that of 2009 whereas it

decreased in the other two governorates largely. The difference is remarkable for Al Sharqiyah

(South and north) followed by Al Dakhilyiah. The main cause for this was the impact of the cyclone

that hit Al Sharqiyah (South and North) governorates and consequently reduces the temperature

starting from June onward. After 2010 the load growth returned to grow gradually for the three

governorates with higher rate of growth in South Batinah.

263 283341

313.4

378414

451.5500.7

555.6 565.8

280310

407

345.6

406446

463.2

616.9591

805.1

341

407

468 465.7514

593643.6

731.6773.4

807.1

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016

MW

Years

Dakhiliyah Sharqiyah South Batinah



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12.3 Demand forecast Methodology

This section covers the forecast methodology and the results of MZEC’s forecast of energy demand

expressed in Regulated Units Distributed (RUD) and customer accounts (CA) for 2015 – 2019. The

demand forecast is a fundamental driver of the subsequent forecasting of Price Control 4 (PCR4).

Crucially the forecast makes a distinction between autonomous demand growth and that due to

corporate projects.

Autonomous demand growth: driven by the year-on-year increase in the number of customer

accounts and in the regulated units distributed which are derived from the increase in the population

within the MZEC service area and GDP per capita. Even with uncertainty and statistical errors that

occur in the source data, it is reasonable to suppose that both drivers will grow at a fairly predictable

rate that reflects the immediate past history of its actual growth.

Corporate projects: Customer accounts and especially distributed energy will also increase as a

consequence of significant, large-scale developments referred to as corporate projects. The timing

and impact of the corporate projects on MZEC’s network is difficult to predict as such projects

constitute a variety of national initiatives influenced by national and international factors, developers’

priorities and timescales, and other factors outside of MZEC’s control and reasonable forecasting

practices. Corporate projects at completion typically add a one-off increase in the number of

customer accounts (large or small, according to their nature) and in the units distributed (which may

then have its own annual growth rate as the development matures). MZEC bases its forecast of the

impact of corporate projects on a mix of historical trends, current developments, and communication

with developers and the government.

Autonomous Demand Growth

The forecast of autonomous demand growth is based on an econometric model developed for the

Price Control 3 (PCR3) submission, using the latest available data on population growth and

economic (GDP per capita) growth in Oman. Both factors are key drivers for the increase in customer

accounts as well as the average energy consumed per customer account. International studies show

a significant positive correlation between GDP per capita and average energy consumption per

capita. As the GDP per capita of a country rises, private households are able to afford more electrical

appliances, and industrial and commercial enterprises replace labor with capital. The link between

population growth and the number of customer accounts is self-evident. MZEC’s confidence in the

robustness of this econometric model has been reinforced by the good agreement between its

forecasts made for PCR3 and the actual outturn in number of customer accounts and units

distributed in 2011 to 2013.

The input data used in the forecast is as follows:

1. Population data for the area served by MZEC has been taken from data published by the

Oman Information and Statistics Center1; and

2. Data and projections on Oman GDP economic development are taken from data published

by the International Monetary Fund in its World Economic Outlook Database2.

1http://www.ncsi.gov.om/NCSI_website/viewPublication.aspx?id=1958, published Jan 2014

2https://www.imf.org/external/datamapper/index.php, published Jan 2014



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The raw statistical data requires to undergo a number of transformational steps before it is translated

into RUDs and CAs. An increase in population in the MZEC area does not produce a proportionate

increase in the number of customer accounts, nor does an increase in GDP per capita result in a pro

rata increase in average energy consumption. To translate the projected population growth and

increase in GDP into a forecast of the increased number of customers served and their average

electricity consumption, MZEC applies the economic concept of elasticity: the percentage change in

one variable caused by the percentage change in another variable. The forecasting model that

MZEC uses computes the values of population/customer-accounts elasticity and GDP-per-

capita/energy-consumption elasticity from historic data for each of the customer categories

(Residential, Commercial, Government, Agriculture & Fisheries, Industrial, Tourism, and Ministry of

Defense). The model then applies these factors to generate a forecast of customer accounts and

energy distributed in each category for each year of PCR4. MZEC also takes account of the time lag

in customer response: MZEC obtains the most likely fit when assuming that changes in the number

of customer accounts, and in average energy consumption, lag by one year on changes in population

and GDP per capita.

This approach is well correlated to the population and GDP data for the first four customer categories,

but not so well for Industrial, Tourism and Ministry of Defense. These are more heavily influenced

by the expected incidence and magnitude of corporate (special) projects. Our approach to

forecasting demand in these categories is described in the following section.

The results obtained from the econometric model are very dependent on the accuracy and

consistency of the data inputs. The raw data on population from the Oman Information and Statistics

Center contains an adjustment in years 2009-2011 (see figure below), with a consequent effect on

the GDP per capita. MZEC considers this introduces a discontinuity which could affect the accuracy

of the model’s predictions. MZEC therefore examined the historic trend in customer accounts and

units distributed and extrapolated this to the PCR4 period to guide our interpretation and application

of the model results.

Figure 5: Oman ISC population statistics 2006-2013, extrapolated to 2019



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Corporate Projects/Customers:

MZEC classifies as Corporate Projects those developments known to MZEC as of December 2014,

where the developers or prospective customers have indicated their intention to connect substantial

new loads to the MZEC network. These have an effect on the load expected to be distributed in the

period of the PCR4 price control, of a magnitude and incidence that is difficult to anticipate,

dependent as it is upon the independent decisions of developers and major customers which are in

turn subject to a variety of factors.

The additional number of customer accounts involved in these projects can be quite small, but the

increase in energy consumed can be very substantial with a significant impact on the total energy

distributed to these categories, e.g. the Industrial, Tourism, and Ministry of Defense (MoD) sectors.

For these three categories, MZEC may reasonably assume – absent any indications to the contrary

– that existing demand (as of end-2014) will not exhibit significant autonomous growth (existing

tourist facilities will maintain their occupancy level – and hence energy consumption, as will MoD

facilities; existing industrial plants will operate at the current level of production). The volume and

timing of demand growth in the Tourism and Industry categories depends on national and

international economic developments as well as decisions by individual investors. MoD expansion

of new facilities is mostly driven by political decisions internal to Oman. MZEC is therefore only able

to forecast demand growth due to those industrial, tourism or MoD projects known to MZEC as of

December 2014, that are expected to be connected during the PCR4 price control period. Other

corporate projects known to MZEC are in the Residential (such as the South Al Batinah Coastal Area

Residences), Commercial and Government categories (there is none in the Agriculture and Fisheries

category). Whilst not negligible, these projects will add a relatively small increase to the number of

customer accounts and units distributed in these already very large customer categories.

The number of all such projects, their incidence and nominated peak demand expected in the

Capability Statement 2017-2019 period are:

Table 8: Peak Demand in MW of Corporate Projects by Customer Category expected in 2017-2019

Customer category Number of

projects

Peak Demand (MW)

2017 2018 2019

Residential 0 0 0 0

Government 18 14.5 49.9 71.9

Commercial 5 20 48.6 71.9

Industrial 3 10 50 66

Agriculture 1 4.6 4.6 4.6

Tourism 1 3 5 5

MOD (Defense) 3 20.8 21.8 30.8

Our forecast of the number of customer accounts and the units distributed under these corporate

projects is based on the prospective connection data made available to MZEC by the project

developers. Using their project timetable and their nominated MW capacity or peak demand, the

MZEC Planning Department:



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1. Reviews and analyses, discuss and validate the requests with the developers to arrive at

reasonable values of total connected load; and

2. Estimates their coincident after diversity and load factor (CADLF) energy consumption using

diversity and load factors determined from comparable historic data in the MZEC area and

from corresponding data in comparable countries.

Whilst MZEC recognizes the inherent uncertainty introduced to the demand forecast by basing

special project figures on the developers’ own proposed timetable and capacity requirements, MZEC

is reasonably confident that adding these estimates to the values produced by our econometric

model introduces a negligible error to the forecast of customer accounts and energy distributed in

the PCR4 price control period.

To generate the growth per feeder and per substation, data of all connected load was gathered for

the 2 years that covers all tariff categories (Residential, Governmental, Industrial, Agriculture and

Commercial). Then using the historical MW at each feeder and substation and the estimates their

coincident after diversity and load factor (CADLF) energy consumption using diversity and load

factors determined from comparable historic data in the MZEC area and from corresponding data in

comparable countries see table below, percentage growth per feeder was determined. The process

took into account the weight of each individual tariff category to ensure that robust estimate growth

is accurately calculated.

Table 9: MZEC coincident after diversity and load factor Tariff category

Residential Government Commercial Industrial Agriculture

Coincident

Factor

60% 40% 60% 80% 30%

Currently, MZEC are developing a new demand forecast model with a consultant company. The new

model is depend on the econometric analysis method. Econometric models look at the relationship

between energy demand by sector and various economic factors, such as GDP per capita, and

perform a regression analysis to estimate the parameters that link the inputs with demand (known

as elasticities). The objective is to identify the correlation between historical consumption and macro-

economic and demographic parameters. The model will include a huge data from internally and

externally departments. MZEC plan to finalize the model by the end of this year and it will be used

in next capability statement and price control.

13.1 Strategic Development Statement for Al Dakhilyiah Governorate

Al Dakhilyiah Governorate is Located at the center of the Sultanate of Oman and from the

geographical point of view is a combination of different terrains of mountains, lowlands and Wadies.

It consists of the Wilayats of Bahla, Al-Hamra, Nizwa, Adam, Manah, Izki, Sumail and Bidbid. The

electrical network is managed by five offices that are Nizwa (responsible of Nizwa and Manah), Bahla

(responsible of Bahla and Al-Hamra), Sumail (responsible of Sumail and Bidbid), Adam and Izki

districts. The governorate has seen a growth in demand especially around the areas, i.e. Nizwa,



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Bahla and Sumail due to natural human developments and new industrial and housing expansions.

The governorate experiences an industrial customer’s growth represented mainly by the new

Industrial Estate in Sumail and the expansions of the already existing Nizwa Industrial Estate.

13.1.1 Existing Capacity at Grid Substations

The available capacity in each grid station in Al Dakhilyiah Governorate out of the firm capacity of

the grid is shown in Table 10 below. Four new grid stations will be added in Al Dakhilyiah

Governorate three of them will be commissioned during this capability statement period namely

Birkat Al Mouz, Jibreen and Izki-2 2x125 MVA. The other one will be commissioned in five year time

which is Sumail Industrial Estate. Furthermore of these new grids, Adam grid will upgraded from

2x40 MVA to 2x125 MVA. These new grids will improve the security of the 33 kV feeders of the area

in which they will be constructed. The load of the 132/33kV Grid substations is shown briefly in the

next table.

Table 10: Grid Substations load at Al Dakhilyiah Governorate

Name Capacity

MVA

Firm

Capacity

(MVA)

Load (MVA) Remarks

2016 2017 2018 2019

Nizwa 2x125 125 107.8 111.4 132.1 115.8

In 2019 Some load

will be transferred to

Birkat AL Mouz

Madinat

Nizwa 2x125 125 53.1 64.9 74.5 80.6

Birkat AL

Mouz 2x125 125 34.4

Bahla 2x125 125 115.8 83.3 93.4 101.1

In 2017 Some load

will be transferred to

Jibreen

Jibreen 2x125 125 52.9 62.1 68.5

Izki 2x125 125 96.9 108.7 86.5 92.9

In 2017 and 2018

some load will be

transferred to Izki-2

Izki-2 2x125 125 14 47.7 50.4

Sumail-B 2x63 63 35.9 43.3 48.5 54.7

Sumail-A 2x125 125 100.9 107.9 111.8 126.7



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Adam 2 x 40 40 45.4 36.9 40.3 45.1

In 2019 will be

upgraded by OETC

to 2 x125 to provide

sufficient secure

capacity

13.1.2 Reinforcement of the Nizwa Area

The area of Nizwa is the highest growing area among the Districts of Al Dakhilyiah Governorate

because the density of population in Nizwa is very high compared to other districts. In addition, Nizwa

is considered as the center of the Governorate and many new governmental constitutions and

industrial establishments are constructed in Nizwa. Nizwa area feed from two existing grids which

are Nizwa Grid and Madinat Nizwa Grid which is commissioned in 2015. One new grid will be add

during this capability statement period. This new grid located close to New Building of Nizwa

University and will take some load from Nizwa Grid.

Year 2017:

A) The projects associated with Nizwa Grid

In 2017 only one new 33kV feeder will be energized which called ROP feeder from Nizwa Grid to

feed Timsa and Rop Academic substations. These substation will be upgraded in the coming year

as illustrated in the coming sections.

B) The projects associated with Madinat Nizwa Grid

The following projects will be associated with the construction of Madinat Nizwa Grid:

Upgrading of Hay Al Ain substation from 2x6 MVA to 3x6 MVA to share the its load and it will

feed from Hay AL Ain-1 33kV feeder. In 2017 one new 33 kV will be constructed to feed this

substation.

Upgrading of Kamah Substation to 2x20 MVA to cover load growth in the area and to comply

with DSSS requirements. Also, one new 33 kV will be energized in this year to feed this

upgraded substation and Tanuf 2x6 MVA.

Table 11: Projects Associated with Reinforcement of the Nizwa Area in 2017 (Madinat Nizwa)

No. Project Description Start

Year

End

Year

Reference

PIAD

1 Upgrading of Hay Al Ain to 3x6 MVA with two new

33 kV feeders

Q4 2015 2017 DH-1/2012

2 Upgrading of Kamah Substation to 2x20 MVA

with one new 33 kV feeders

Q4 2015 2017 DH-

04/2013

Year 2018:



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In this year, the following projects are expected to be in service:

New 33 kV feeder will constructed from Madinat Nizwa to Hay AL Ain to provide the backup

feeding for Hay AL Ain.

New 2x20 MVA substation is proposed to be constructed in Jebel Al Akhder area to provide

a secure supply for the very important tourism area. Also, one new 33 kV feeder will be

constructed this feeder will go directly to Jebel Al Akhder and will feed Wadi Moaiden which

will upgraded to 2x3 MVA in 2018.

Upgrading Timsa substation to 2x20 MVA and installation of a second 33 kV circuit from Nizwa

Grid S/S to Timsa S/S by a length of 5 km overhead line and 600m 3Cx300 mm2 underground

cable.

Table 12: Projects Associated with Reinforcement of the Nizwa Area in 2018


Year

End

Year

Reference

PIAD

1 New 33 kV feeder from Madinat Nizwa to Hay Al

Ain

Q4 2015 2018 DH-1/2012

2 New 2x20 MVA substation is proposed to be

constructed in Jebel Al Akhder area

Q4 2015 2018 DH-

02/2013

3 Upgrading Timsa substation to 2x20 MVA Q1 2016 2018 DH-

08/2013

Year 2019:

In this year, the following projects are expected to be in service:

Construction new Grid in Birat Al Mouz with capacity of 2x125 MVA to relive Nizwa grid and

take load of Nizwa University. This grid will feed 4 substation in this year.

Connection of new 2x20 MVA in Hay Al Turath substation. This new primary is proposed to

relieve load from Stadium and Nizwa Town substations. After shifting load from these

substation to Hay Al Turath Primary all of them will be complied with DSSS.

Construction of new Nizwa Town-2 with capacity of 2x20MVA to relief Nizwa Town primary

and construct new 33kV feeder from Madinat Nizwa to feed it and link from Nizwa Town

feeder -1 to be as backup supply.

Upgrading Izz substation from 1x6 MVA to 2x10 MVA indoor substation and feed from Hisn

Al Shomukh 1&2 from Nizwa Grid. Izz substation will be complied with DSSS after upgrading.



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Year

End

Year

Reference

PIAD

1 Construction new Grid in Birat Al Mouz with

capacity of 2x125

Q1 2017 2019 DH-

08/2013

2 Construction of new 2x20 MVA Hay Al Turath

substation

Q1 2017 2019 DH-

08/2013

3 Construction of new 2x20 MVA Nizwa Town-2

substation

Q2 2017 2019 DH-

04/2013

4 Upgrading Izz substation from 1x6 MVA to 2x10 MVA

indoor substation

Q1 2017 2019 DH-

08/2013

13.1.3 Reinforcement of Bahla Area

The area of Bahla District has witnessed high load growth in some substations especially in the

substation supplying the center of district like New Bahla 2x20 MVA and Bahla primary 2x20 MVA

which have been growing in demand by 18% and 13 % annually. There are a lot of project proposed

for this district during the coming three year to meet the load growth and to ensure the compliance

of the network to DSSS requirements.

Year 2017:

The following projects are proposed for this year:

Construction of a new 2x20 MVA primary substation at Mamorah area to share the load with

the existing 2x20 MVA substation. The new substation will be fed by two new feeders each

one about 4 km underground cables from Bahla Grid.

Upgrade Bisya substation from 2x6 MVA to 3x6 MVA to increase the firm capacity of this

substation to be 12 MVA and the upgrading of this substation will ensure the compliance with

DSSS.

Construction of Jibreen Grid station to relief Bahla Grid station and take some loads from

Adam Grid. And construction 8 33 kV feeders to feed Bisya, Wadi Quriyah , AL Bidooa and

New Bahla substations.



Year

End

Year

Reference

PIAD

1 Construction of new 2x20 MVA Al Mamorah

substation

Q1 2016 2017 DH-

08/2013

2 Construction of New Jibreen Grid

Q1 2016 2017 DH

09/2012



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3 Upgrading Al Habi substation from 2x10 MVA to

2x20 MVA

Q1 2016 2017 DH

09/2012

Year 2018:


Construction of a Temporary 2x6 MVA substation in Al Hamra until the new substation will

commission in the next year. And two new 33 kV feeders each one about 9 km underground

cable and 5 km overhead line. This new primary will relieve load of Al Hamra 2x20 MVA and

Bilad Sait 2x6 MVA substations.

Upgrading Al Habi substation from 2x10 MVA to 2x20 MVA to be comply with DSSS

requirements.

Table 15: Projects Associated with Reinforcement of Bahla Area in 2018


Year

Target

Year

Reference

PIAD

1 Construction of temporary 2x6 MVA substation

in Al Hamra with 2 new 33 kV feeders Q2

2017

2018

2 Upgrading Al Habi substation from 2x10 MVA to

2x20 MVA Q1

2016

2018 DH

07/2013

Year 2019:


Construction of a new 3x20 MVA substation in Al Hamra. This new primary will relieve load

of Al Hamra 2x20 MVA and Bilad Sait 2x6 MVA substations and take all load of AL Hamra

Temporary.

Construction new Jibreen 2x20 MVA substation primary to be feed from jibreen grid by two

new 33kV feeders each feeder is 2 km underground cable.

Table 16: Projects Associated with Reinforcement of Bahla Area in 2019


Year

Target

Year

Reference

PIAD

1 Construction of a new 3x20 MVA substation in

Al Hamra. Q1

2016

2018 DH

09/2012

2 Construction new Jibreen 2x20 MVA primary

substation Q1

2016

2018 DH

07/2013



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13.1.4 Reinforcement of Izki Area

Izki area is one of the slightly grown area and it feed from one existing Grid with capacity of 2x125

MVA and in 2017 another Grid station will commission in this area to relive the existing grid load.

Some of the 33 kV feeders proposed to be constructed out of Izki Grid to serve Nizwa District, these

projects has been mentioned in the section discussing the development of Nizwa. The development

of Izki District for the coming three years is as following:

Year 2017:


Construction of new Izki-2 Grid in Qalat AL Awamer Area with Three new 33 kV feeders to

feed MOD Izki. MOD Shafia and AL Aqil substations.

Construct Temporary 2x6 MVA substation in Izki Highet to relive load from Izki Grid Primary

substation until Izki Highet 3x20 MVA will commission in next year.

Upgrading Humaidha substation to 3x6 MVA to insure the compliance with DSSS.

Upgrading Al Aqil substation from 1x6 MVA to 2x6 MVA to ensure the compliance with the

security standards and to supply the growth in the area of Al Aqil.

Table 17: Projects Associated with Reinforcement of Izki Area in 2017


Year

Target

Year

Reference

PIAD

1 Construction of New Izki-2 Grid with 3 new 33kV

feeders Q4

2015

2017 DH-5/2013

2 Construct Temporary 2x6 MVA substation in

Izki Highet Q3

2016

2017

3 Upgrading Humaida substation from 2x6 MVA

to 3x6 MVA Q2

2016

2017 DH-

5/2013

4 Upgrading Al Aqil substation from 1x6 MVA to

2x6 MVA Q4

2015

2017 DH-

5/2013

Year 2018:


A new primary substation is proposed to relieve Izki primary in an area called Izki Highet.

This substation will be 3x20 MVA and will be fed by three 33 kV feeders from Izki-2 grid each

one 5 km 3Cx300 mm2 underground cable.



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Construction New 2x20 MVA in the same location of Al Jabal AL Akhdar substation with two

new 33 kV feeder fed from Izki Grid. This substation will relive load from existing substation

and take the load of the new bulk load.

Upgrade Wadi Maiden to 2x3 MVA to insure the compliance with DSSS.

Construction New Sayma substation with capacity of 2x6 MVA to relive syma temporary 1x6

MVA and insure the compliance with DSSS.



Year

Target

Year

Reference

PIAD

1 Construction of Izki Highet 3x20 MVA with three

33 kV feeders Q1

2015

2018 DH-4/2012

2 Construction New 2x20 MVA in the same

location of Al Jabal AL Akhdar substation with

two new 33 kV feeder

Q2

2016

2018 DH-

02/2013

3 Upgrade Wadi Maiden to 2x3 MVA Q2

2017

2018 DH-

02/2013

4 Construction New Sayma substation with

capacity of 2x6 MVA Q1

2016

2018 DH-5/2013

Year 2019:


Construction new 2x20 MVA substation called Al Afiyah close to Wosad substation to relive

Wosad substation and take all load of AL Afyah 1x6 MVA temporary substation. One new

dedicated 33 kV feeder will be constructed from Izki Grid to feed this substation. And the

backup feed from tapping point from Wosad 33 kV existing feeder.

Upgrading Qalat Al Awamer substation from 2x6 MVA to 2x20 MVA to ensure the compliance

with the security standards and to supply the growth in the substation area. And two new 33

kV feeder from Izki-2 Grid will be constructed.



Year

Target

Year

Reference

PIAD

1 Construction new 2x20 MVA substation called

Al Afiyah with one new 33 kV feeder from Izki

Grid

Q1

2017

2019 DH-

05/2013



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2 Upgrading Qalat AL Awamer substation from

2x6 MVA to 2x20 MVA with 2 new 33 kV feeder

from Izki-2 Grid.

Q1

2017

2019 DH-

5/2013

13.1.5 Reinforcement of Sumail Area

The area of Sumail District has witnessed high load growth in some substations especially in the

substation supplying the centre of the district like Sumail primary 3x20 MVA which has been growing

in demand by 15% annually. The new Sumail Industrial Estate which is located near the Central

Prison is expected to grow rapidly over the coming five years. The Industrial Estate will cover large

area divided into two zones each one of them will be allocated for different types of industries. The

new investors have been approaching Mazoon Electricity Company to apply for their new

connections. Currently the area is fed by two 6 MVA transformers connected under Central Prison-

2. Thus, there are a lot of projects proposed for this district during the coming three year to meet the

load growth and to ensure the compliance of the network to DSSS requirements as following:

Year 2017:


Construction of Al-Fayha 2x6 MVA substation with one new 33 kV feeder consists of about

0.5 km 3Cx300 mm2 underground cable. The second source for this substation will be by

constructing a new branch from the existing Jailah 33 kV feeder to Al-Fayha S/S. This new

primary will relieve load of Jailah substation.

Upgrade AL Hamim to 3x6 MVA to insure the compliance with DSSS.

Upgrading Somrah substation from 2x6 MVA to 3x6 MVA and Wadi Mahram substation from

1x6 MVA to 2x6 MVA to meet the load growth and to ensure the compliance of the network

to DSSS requirements.

In this year, two main projects will be constructed to meet the new load in Sumail Industrial Estate

as this area covers a large area divided into two zones each one of them will be allocated for different

types of industries. These projects are:

Construction of Sumail Industrial Zone-1 3x20 MVA substation with two new 33 kV feeders

from Sumail Grid each one consists of 3 km 3Cx300 mm2 underground cable and 8.25 km

200 mm2 overhead line. This substation will be dedicated to supply the Zone-1 area.

Construction of Sumail Industrial Zone-2 2x20 MVA substation with two new 33 kV branches

from Sumail Industrial Zone-1 33 kV feeders. Each of these branches consist of 1 km 3Cx300

mm2 underground cable. The substation will be dedicated to supply the Zone-2 area.



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Table 20: Projects Associated with Reinforcement of Sumail Area in 2017


Year

Target

Year

Reference

PIAD

1 Construction of Al-Fayha 2x6 MVA S/S with one

new 33 kV feeder and one branch from Jailah

feeder

Q1

2014

2016 DH

05/2012

2 Upgrade AL Hamim to 3x6 MVA Q1

2016

2017 DH

05/2012

3 Upgrading Somrah substation from 2x6 MVA to

3x6 MVA and Wadi Mahram substation from

1x6 MVA to 2x6 MVA

Q1

2016

2017 DH

05/2013

4 Construction of Sumail Industrial Zone-1 3x20

MVA substation with two new 33 kV feeders Q1

2014

2016 DH

06/2012

5 Construction of Sumail Industrial Zone-2 2x20

MVA substation with two new 33 kV branches Q1

2014

2016 DH

06/2012

Year 2018:


Construction of Hamim 33 kV feeder from Sumail Grid to Bidbid 2x6 MVA, Hammim 3x6 MVA

and MOD Bidbid 1x6 MVA substations. The feeder will consists of 12 km 200 mm2 overhead

line and 3 km 3Cx300 mm2 underground cable.

Year 2019:


Construction of Saih Al-Moaideen 2x20 MVA substation with two new 33 kV branches to feed

the substation. The first branch from Surur 33 kV feeder consists of 2 km 200 mm2 overhead

line and 0.6 km 3Cx300 mm2 underground cable and the second one will be from Multaqa

33 kV feeder and will be 3 km 3Cx300 mm2 underground cable. This new primary will relieve

load of Bidbid 2x6 MVA substation.

13.1 Reinforcement of Adam Area

Adam area is located in the north of Nizwa and it have 2x40 MVA grid station with it will be upgrade

it in 2019. This grid currently feed only four substation which are Metan, Al Basher, Al Zoubar and

Adam grid primaries. In the coming years the following investment will be in Adam Area.

Year 2017

The projects proposed for the area of Adam are:



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Construction of new Al Zoubar s/s 2x20 MVA with two new 33 kV feeder each one about 6.5

km underground cable. This new substation will relieve load of Adam primary s/s 2x20 MVA.

Upgrading Mitan to 2x6 MVA with one new 33 kV link to feeder Al Bashaer-2 this upgrading

due to complex connection requirement.

Table 21: Projects Associated with Reinforcement of Adam Area in 2017


Year

Target

Year

Reference

PIAD

1 Al Zoubar 2x20 MVA with 2 new 33 kV

feeders Q1

2016

2017 DH

07/2013

2 Upgrading Mitan to 2x6 MVA Q1

2016

2017 Due to

Complex

Connection

13.2 Strategic Developments for North Al-Sharqiyah Governorate

There are seven willayat in North Al Sharqiyah Governorate namely Wadi Bani Khalid, Bidyah, Al

Qabel, Ibra, Dima & Tayeen, and Al Mudhaibi. The first six Willayats fall under the licensed areas of

MZEC except some remote parts of Al Mudhaibi fall under Rural Areas Electricity Company Licensed

areas as they are not connected to the Main Interconnected System MIS. MZEC provides its services

to the customers of this Governorate through four Offices one in each of Willayats Dima & Tayeen

and Al Mudhaibi in addition to Bidyah Office which serves Bidyah and Wadi Bani Khalid and Ibra

Office which serves Wilayats Ibra and Al Qabel. The Governorate has seen a high growth in demand

in most areas but especially around Mudhaibi and Ibra areas driven by the high growth of simple

connections. In addition to that, there are some complex connection applications in this Governorate

expected to be connected during the period covered by this capability statement.


The area is currently supplied from the following 132/33kV grid substations: -

Mudhairib (2 x 125 MVA)

Ibra (2x1205 MVA)

Mudhaibi (2 x 125 MVA)

The available capacity at the existing grid stations Mudhairib and Mudhaibi as well as for the new

grids Sinaw and Samad in 2018 are shown in the table below.

MZEC has recognized the requirement for grid capacity in this Governorate and has submitted

applications to OETC for a new Sinaw, Samd and Bidiayah Grid stations to relief load from existing

grids station as show in next table.



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Table 22: Available Grid Substation Capacity in North Al Sharqiyah Governorate

Name Capacity

(MVA)

Firm

Capacity

(MVA)

Load (MVA) Remarks

2016 2017 2018 2019

Mudhairib 2x125 125 165 112.7 122.6 64.4 Some load will be

transferred to Ibra in

2017 and to

Bidiayah in 2019

Ibra 2x125 125 23 88.4 93.2 101.2

Mudhaibi

2x125

125

143.8 148.2 38.9 34.3 Some load will be

transferred to Sinaw

and Samad in 2018

Sinaw 2x125 125 - - 70.7 75.5

Samad 2x125 125 - - 42 52

13.2.2 Reinforcement of Mudhaibi Area

To cover the high growth in Sinaw area, MZEC has submitted an application to OETC for a new grid

supply point in Sinaw area. This new grid will relieve load of Mudhaibi grid. The associated 33kV

switchgear is proposed under project. The new 33 kV feeders will ensure a better and more reliable

33 kV supply to existing and proposed substations and will improve compliance with Distribution

System Security Standards.

Year 2017:

In this year the following projects are expected to be in service:

Construct a new Sinaw-B 2 x 20 MVA primary substation at Sinaw to reduce the percentage

load of Sinaw substation to the compliance with DSSS levels as well as to allow it to

accommodate the growth experienced by the area.

A new 33 kV feeder will be constructed which is Sinaw-4 to feed Sinaw-B PSS primary

substation.

Upgrading Lizq substation from 2x6 MVA to 3x6 MVA to cover the load in the lizq area.

Upgrade the existing Khashaba primary substation from 2 x 6 MVA to 3 x 6 MVA with

construction of one feeder from Mudhaibi Grid.



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Table 23: Projects Associated with Reinforcement of the Al-Mudhaibi Area in 2017

No

. Project Description

Start

Year

Target

Year

Reference

1 Construction of new Sinaw-B 2 x 20 MVA primary

substation

Q3

2014 2017

SH-

05/2012

2

Construction of new 33 kV feeders will be constructed

(Sinaw-4).

Q3

2015

2017 SH-

05/2012

3 Upgrading Lizq substation from 2x6 MVA to 3x6

MVA

Q1

2015

2017 SH-

05/2012

4

Two new 33 kV feeders will be constructed which are

Khadra-2 and Samad-3 (with Temp 1x6 MVA

Substation.

Q4

2014

2017 SH-

02/2013

5

Upgrade the existing Khashaba primary substation

from 2 x 6 MVA to 3 x 6 MVA with construction of one

feeder from Mudhaibi Grid.

Q1

2015

2017 SH-

02/2013

Year 2018:


Construction of New Primary 2x 20 MVA substation in Samad area with link to existing

Samad-2.

Construction of New Primary 2x 20 MVA substation in Khadra area with links to existing

Khadra-1 and Khadra-2 feeders.

Construction of the proposed Sinaw 132/33 kV grid station 2x125 MVA in with two 33 kV

feeders to Sinaw substation, two 33 kV feeders to Sinaw-B substation and three 33 kV

feeders to Aflaj area ( Aflaj SS, Al Oyoon SS, Qwauah SS and Al Jiza’a SS).

Construction of the proposed Samad 132/33 kV grid station 2x125 MVA in with two 33 kV

feeders to Samad substation, two 33 kV feeders to New Samad substation and two 33 kV

feeders to New Khadra Substations.



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Table 24: Projects Associated with Reinforcement of the Al-Mudhaibi Area in 2018


Year

Target

Year

Reference

1 Construction of new Samad 2 x 20 MVA primary

substation

Q4

2016 2018 SH-02/2013

2 Construction of new Khadra 2x20 MVA primary

substation

Q4

2016 2018 SH-02/2013

3 Sinaw 132/33 kV grid station 2x125 MVA with 33 kV

outgoing feeders

Q4

2016 2018 SH-02/2013

4 Samad 132/33 kV grid station 2x125 MVA with 33

kV outgoing feeders

Q4

2016 2018 SH-05/2012

Year 2019:


Construction of new Saih Al Nama substation 2x20 MVA. This substation will relief load of

Mudhaibi substation.

Table 25: Projects Associated with Reinforcement of the Al-Mudhaibi Area in 2019.


Year

Target

Year

Reference

1 Construction of new Saih Al Nama substation 2x20

MVA.

Q1

2017 2019 SH-05/2012

13.2.3 Reinforcement of Ibra Area

Al Mudhairib Grid 2x125 MVA currently feeds five willayat and has long 33 kV lines which cause

voltage drop at the network system in some remote areas. In addition, the loaded and lengthy 33 kV

feeders increase the losses in lines. Ibra Grid 2x125 MVA was energized in June 2016 during

summer period and it feed only Ibra-1 primary substation and it expected to relief load from Mudharib

Grid before summer 2017.

Year 2017:


The construction of outgoing 33 kV deeders from Ibra Grid 2x125 MVA, two 33 kV feeders

to Ibra-2 substation and two 33 kV feeders to Yahmadi area (Yahmadi SS, Khanadq SS, Al

Hima SS and Al Hajir SS). Ibra will relieve load of Al Mudhairib Grid.

Upgrading of Al Hajir substation from 2x3 MVA to 2x6 MVA.



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Upgrading of Al Hayma substation from 1x6 MVA to 2x6 MVA.

Upgrading of Wadi Nam substation from 2x6 MVA to 3x6 MVA.

Upgrading of Ibra-2 substation from 2x10 MVA to 2x20 MVA.

Table 26: Projects Associated with Reinforcement of Ibra Grid in 2017.


Year

Target

Year

Reference

1 Construction of outging 33 kV feeders from Ibra

grid 2x125 MVA

Q1

2015

Q4

2016

SH-

03/2013

2

Upgrading of Al Hajir substation from 2x3 MVA to

2x6 MVA, Al Hayma substation from 1x6 MVA to 2x6

MVA, Wadi Nam substation from 2x6 MVA to 3x6

MVA and Ibra-2 substation from 2x10 MVA to 2x20

MVA.

Q4

2014

Q4

2016

SH-

03/2013

Year 2018:


Construction of new Yahmadi substation 2x20 MVA. This substation will relief load of Ibra-1

and Yahmadi substations.

Table 27: Projects Associated with Reinforcement of Ibra Grid in 2018


Year

Target

Year

Reference

1 Construction of new Yahmadi substation 2x20 MVA and

construction of two new 33 kV feeders from Ibra Grid. Q4 2015 2017 SH-03/2013

13.2.4 Reinforcement of Wadi Tayeen Area

Willayat Dima & Tayeen is fed from Mudharib Grid 2x125 MVA through two long 33 kV feeder and

MZEC installed two boosters to rise the voltage.

Year 2017:


Construction tow 33 kV feeders from Ibra Grid 2x125 MVA link with existing 33 kV Dima &

Tayeen feeders, around 20 km, to improve the voltage.



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Table 28: Projects Associated with Reinforcement of Wadi Tayeen Grid in 2017


Year

Target

Year

Reference

1 Construction tow 33 kV feeders from Ibra Grid 2x125

MVA link with existing 33 kV Dima & Tayeen feeders.

Q1

2015

Q4

2016 -

Year 2018:


Upgrading Ghayadah substation from 2 x 6 MVA to 3 x 6 MVA.

Upgrade Dima & Tayeen primary substation to 2x20 MVA.



Year

Target

Year

Reference

1 Upgrading Ghayadah substation from 2 x 6 MVA to 3

x 6 MVA. Q1 2015 2016

SH-

04/2013

Year 2019:


Construction Al Gubrah primary substation from 2 x 6 MVA to relief load from Dima & Tayenn

primary substation and Sooqah primariy substation.



Year

Target

Year

Reference

1 Construction Al Gubrah primary substation from 2 x 6

MVA. Q1 2018 2019

SH-

04/2013

13.2.5 Reinforcement of Bidyah Area

Al Mudhairib Grid 2x125 MVA currently feed willayat Bidyah and Wadi Bani Khalid and has long 33

kV lines which cause voltage drop at the network system in some remote areas. In addition, the

loaded and lengthy 33 kV feeders increase the losses in lines. To cover the high growth in Bidyah

and Wadi Bani Khalid area, MZEC has submitted an application to OETC for a new grid supply point



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in Bidyah area. This new grid will relieve load of Mudhairib grid and will improve the voltage in this

area.

Year 2017:


Upgrading Mintrib New substation from 2 x 20 MVA to 3 x 20 MVA

Upgrading Wadi B Khalid substation from 2 x 6 MVA to 3 x 6 MVA.

Upgrading Lawrange substation from 1 x 6 MVA to 2 x 6 MVA.

Upgrading Hiyal substation from 1 x 6 MVA to 2 x 6 MVA with one feeder from Mudhirib Grid.

Table 31: Projects Associated with Reinforcement of Bidayah Area in 2017


Year

Target

Year

Reference

1 Upgrading Mintrib New substation from 2 x 20 MVA to 3

x 20 MVA with one feeder from Mudhirib Grid. Q2 2015 2017

SH-

06/2013

2

Upgrading Wadi B Khalid substation from 2 x 6 MVA to

3 x 6 MVA, Lawrange substation from 1 x 6 MVA to 2 x

6 MVA and Hiyal substation from 1 x 6 MVA to 2 x 6

MVA.

Q3 2016 2017 SH-

06/2013

Year 2018:


Construction of New Shariq Primary 2x 20 MVA substation in with links to existing Mintrib-1 and Mintrib-4 feeders.

Table 32: Projects Associated with Reinforcement of Bidayah Area in 2018.


Year

Target

Year

Reference

1 Construction of New Shariq Primary 2x 20 MVA

substation Q1 2017 2018

SH-

06/2013

Year 2019:




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Construction of the proposed Bidayah 132/33 kV grid station 2x125 MVA in with three 33 kV

feeders to Mintrib substation, two 33 kV feeders to Shariq substation and two 33 kV feeders

to Tawi Salim SS, Lawrang SS, and wadi Bani Khalid SS.

Table 33: Projects Associated with Reinforcement of Bidayah Area in 2019


Year

Target

Year

Reference

1 Construction of the proposed Bidayah 132/33 kV grid

station 2x125 MVA in with related 33 kV feeders Q1 2018 2019

SH-

05/2013

13.3 Strategic Developments for South Al Sharqyiah Governorate

South Al Sharqiyah Governorate consists of four wilayats namely Sur, Jalan Bani Bu Ali, Jalan

Bani Bu Hassan and Al Kamil & Al Wafi. These Wilayats fall under the licensed areas of MZEC,

except some remote parts of Jalan Bani Bu Ali, Jalan Bani Bu Hassan fall under Rural Areas

Electricity Company Licensed areas as they are not connected to the Main Interconnected System

MIS. MZEC provides its services to the customers of this Governorate through three Offices. Sur

office services Sur area and Jalan Bani Bu Ali office services Jalan Bani Bu Ali area. In addition,

Jalan Bani Bu Hassan Office services Jalan Bani Bu Hassan and Al Kamil & Al Wafi areas. The

Governorate has seen a high growth in demand in most areas but especially around Sur area driven

by the high growth of simple connections. In addition to that, there are many complex connection

applications in this Governorate are expected to be connected during the period covered by this

capability statement.


The area is currently supplied from the following 132/33kV grid substations: -

Jalan Bani Bu Ali (2 x 125 MVA)

Sur (2 x 125 MVA)

Al Egga (2x125 MVA)

The load (MVA) at the existing grid stations Jalan Bani Bu Ali, Sur and Al Egga as well as for the

new Jalan Bani Bu Hassan grid are shown in the table below. Some load will be transferred from

Jalan Bani Bu Ali Grid to Jalan Bani Bu Hassan grid. The load of the 132/33kV Grid substations is

shown briefly in the next table.



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Table 34: Load at Grid Substations of South Al Sharqyiah Governorate

Name Capacity

MVA

Firm

Capacity

(MVA)

Load (MVA) Remarks

2016 2017 2018 2019

Jalan B B

Ali

2x125 125 190.5 129.3 145.6 141.3 New Jalan Bani Bu

Hassan Grid in

2018

Sur 2x125 125 93.2 100 126 136.9

Al Egga 2x125 125 62.8 73.2 93 107.2

Jalan Bani

Bu Hassan

2x125 125 - 75.9 81.3 100.5 Relieve Load from

Jalan Bani Bu Ali

Grid

13.3.2 Reinforcement of Sur Area

The area of Sur District has witnessed high load growth in some substations especially in the

substation supplying the center of district like Sur Town 2x20 MVA and Sharyah 2x6 MVA which

have been growing in demand by 19% annually. There are some projects proposed for this district

during the coming three year to meet the load growth and to ensure the compliance of the network

to DSSS requirements.

Year 2017:


Construction a new 33kV branch from existing Stadium feeder to connect Flaj substation, the

length of this branch is about 12 km 200 mm2 overhead line and 1 km 3Cx300 mm2

underground cable.

New 33 kV feeder from Sur Grid to Al Jinah 2x10 MVA Substation. The feeder has a length

of approximately 6 km 200 mm2 overhead line and 5 km 3Cx300 mm underground cable.



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Table 35: Projects Associated with Reinforcement of Sur Area in 2017

Year 2018:


Upgrading Stadium substation from 2x6 MVA to 2x20 MVA with new 33kV branch with

existing TV Heights feeder and the length of this branch is approximately 3 km 3Cx300 mm2

underground cable.


Year 2019:


Construction of a new Al Egga Grid 2 x 20 MVA primary substation with two dedicated feeders

from Al-Egga Grid of a length of 3 km 3Cx300 mm2 underground cable. This substation to

reduce the percentage load from TV Heights substation and Skikrah substation to compliance

with DSSS levels as well as to allow it to accommodate the growth experienced by the area.

Construction of a new Al Egga 3 x 20 MVA primary substation with three dedicated feeders

from Sur Grid. This substation to reduce the percentage load from Sharyah substation, al

Eggah substation and Sur Town substation to compliance with DSSS levels as well as to allow

it to accommodate the growth experienced by the area.


Year

Target

Year

Reference

PIAD

1 Construction a new 33kV branch from existing

Stadium feeder to connect Flaj substation. Q4 2016 2017

Related to

complex

connection

2 New 33 kV feeder from Sur Grid to Al Jinah 2x10 MVA

Substation Q4 2016 2017

Related to

complex

connection


Year

Target

Year

Reference

PIAD

1 Upgrading Stadium substation from 2x6 MVA to 2x20

MVA with new 33kV branch Q1 2017 2019

SH 01/2012



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13.3.3 Reinforcement of Al Kamil and Jalan Bani Bu Hassan Area

The areas of Al Kamil and Jalan Bani Bu Hassan have witnessed high load growth in some

substations especially in Al Kamil primary substation 2x20 MVA and Jalan Bani Bu Hassan primary

substation which have been growing in demand by 14% and 10% annually. There are some projects

proposed for this district during the coming three year to meet the load growth and to ensure the

compliance of the network to DSSS requirements.

Year 2017:


Construction of Hadry Bilad 33 kV feeder from Jalan Bani Bu Ali Grid to Hadry Bilad 2x6 MVA

substation. The feeder has a length of approximately 17.5 km 200 mm2 overhead line and 1

km 3Cx300 mm2 underground cable.

Upgrading Al Kamil primary substation from 2x20 MVA to 3x20 MVA with constructing 33 kV

branch between Al Kamil primary substation and Al Kamil Water Pump 2x6 MVA substation

and the length of this branch is about 8 km 200 mm2 overhead line and 0.75 km 3Cx300 mm2

underground cable. The upgrading of Al Kamil primary substation is to provide enough

capacity for the highly growing area of Al Kamil and Hadry Blaid and to ensure the compliance

with DSSS.

The construction of the proposed Jalan Bani Bu Hassan 132/33 kV grid station 2x125 MVA

in Jalan Bani Bu Hassan area will relieve load of Jalan Bani Bu Ali and provide a closer

source for remote substations in BB Hassan and Al-Kamil. The associated 33kV switchgear

is proposed under project. The new 33 kV feeders will ensure a better and more reliable 33

kV supply to existing and proposed substations and will improve compliance with Distribution

System Security Standards.


Year

Target

Year

Reference

PIAD

1

Construction of a new Al Egga Grid 2 x 20 MVA

primary substation with two dedicated feeders from Al-

Egga Grid

Q4 2017 2019

SH 01/2012

2 Construction of a new Al Egga 3 x 20 MVA primary

substation with three dedicated feeders from Sur Grid. Q4 2017 2019

SH 01/2013



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Table 38: Projects Associated with Reinforcement of the Al Kamil and Jalan Bani Bu Hassan Area in 2017


Year

Target

Year

Reference

PIAD

1 Construction of Hadry Bilad 33 kV feeder from Jalan

Bani Bu Ali Grid to Hadry Bilad 2x6 MVA substation Q4 2014 Q4 2016 02/2014

2

Upgrading Al Kamil primary substation from 2x20

MVA to 3x20 MVA with constructing 33 kV branch

between Al Kamil primary substation and Al Kamil

Water Pump

Q3 2015 2017 SH-02/2012

3 Construction of 33 kV switchgear at Al Kamil

proposed grid with related 33 kV outgoing feeders. Q1 2015 2017 SH 01/2012

Year 2018:


The construction of new Jalan Bani Bu Hassan-2 3x20 MVA primary substation will be

constructed to provide enough capacity for the highly growing area of BB Hassan and to

ensure the compliance with DSSS.



Year

Target

Year

Reference

PIAD

1 Construction of a new 3 x 20 MVA primary

substation Jalan Bani Bu Hassan-2 Q1 2016 2018

SH 01/2012

Year 201:


The construction of Ain Al Washilh MVA primary 2x20 MVA substation will be constructed to

provide enough capacity for the highly growing area of BB Hassan and to ensure the

compliance with DSSS with 33 kV feeders from Jalan Bani Bu Hassan Grid.



Year

Target

Year

Reference

PIAD

1 Ain Al Washilh MVA primary 2x20 MVA Q2 2017 2019

Under

approval

stage



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13.3.4 Reinforcement of Jalan Bani Bu Ali Area

Jalan Bani Bu Ali area is considered as a highly growing area in electrical demand with average of

9% load growth.

Year 2017:


Upgrading Jalan Bani Bu Ali primary substation from 2x20 MVA to 3x20 MVA with

constructing a new 33 kV feeder from Jalan Bani Bu Ali Grid to Jalan Bani Bu Ali primary

substation. The length of this 33 kV feeder is about 4.2 km 200 mm2 overhead line and 0.5

km 3Cx300 mm2 underground cable. The upgrading of Jalan Bani Bu Ali primary substation

is to meet the load growth and ensure the compliance with DSSS requirements.

Table 41: Projects Associated with Reinforcement of the Jalan Bani Bu Ali Area in 2017


Year

Target

Year

Reference

PIAD

1

Upgrading Jalan Bani Bu Ali primary substation from 2x20

MVA to 3x20 MVA with constructing a new 33 kV feeder

from Jalan Bani Bu Ali Grid to Jalan Bani Bu Ali primary

substation

Q4 2015 2017 SH 02/2012

Year 2018:


Upgrade Al Ashkharah primary substation to 2x20 MVA to cover load demand and comply

with DSSS.



Year

Target

Year

Reference

PIAD

1 Upgrade Al Ashkharah primary substation to 2x20 MVA Q1 2017 2018

Under

approval

stage

Year 2019:




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Constructing Jalan Bani Bu Ali Grid primary substation 2x20 MVA with constructing two new

33 kV dedicated feeder. The New Jalan Bani Bu Ali Grid primary substation is to provide

enough capacity for the highly growing area of Jalan Bani Ali.



Year

Target

Year

Reference

PIAD

1 Constructing Jalan Bani Bu Ali Grid primary substation 2x20

MVA with constructing two new 33 kV dedicated feeder. Q4 2017 2019 SH 02/2012

13.4 Strategic Development Statement for South Al Batinah Governorate

South Al Batinah is the largest populated region in Oman and consist of seven Willayat namely

Rustaq, Awabi (both serviced by Rustaq office) Nakhal and Wadi Al Maawel (both serviced by Nakhal

office), Barka, Musanah and Suwaiq which are serviced by a dedicated office. It has both coastal &

mountainous areas. South Al Batinah governorate within the Mazoon Electricity Company area is

currently undergoing significant development due to major investment around the Blue City area, the

Asian Beach Games city and Al Batinah Costal Road. The governorate has seen a growth in demand

especially around the Barka area due to a movement of population from Muscat and a lot of growth

in Commercial buildings & centers. General load growth in this area is high with a regional average

of 15%.

13.3.1 Grid stations

Next table shows Grid stations load at South Al Batinah Governorate grids:

Table 44: Grid stations load at South Al Batinah governorate

Name Capacity

(MVA)

Firm

Capacity

(MVA)

Load (MVA) Remarks

2016 2017 2018 2019

Barka

Main

3x125 125 107.8 77.5 83.7 70 Some load shifted

to Madinat Barka-A

in 2016 and to Hai

Asem Grid &

Madinat Barka-B

Grid in 2018

Madinat

Barka-A

2x125 125 57.4 112.5 116.7 79.4 Relieve some load

from Barka Main

Grid

Madinat

Barka-B

2x125 125 - - 19.2 43.5 Relieve some load

from Madinat

Barka-A Grid in



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2017 and from

Barka Main in 2018

Hai Asem 2x125 125 - - 41 78.6 Relieve some load

from Barka Main

Grid in 2018

Muladah 2x125 125 116.3 73.1 80.6 86.3 Some load shifted

to Muladah-B in

2017

Maludah-

B

2x125 125 - 31 34.4

38.4 Relieve some load

from Muladah Grid

Al Swadi 2x160 160 76.3 106.8 117.4 129.6 Relieve some load

from Barka Main

Grid

Rustaq 3x125 250 155.6 158.5 170.2 139.1 Some load shifted

to Awabi Grid in

2018

Wadi

Bani Awf

2x125 125 - - - 41.5 Relieve some load

from Rustaq Grid

Nakhal 2x125 125 59.5 77.4 85.4 90.3

MIS 2x125 125 160.5 109.4 38.5 45.1 Some load shifted

to Khadhra A&B in

2017 and Suwaiq

in 2018

Khadhra 2x125 125 42.1 100.9 89.3 92.8 Relieve some load

from MIS and

Khabourah Grid

Khadhra

B

2x125 125 - 39.1 43.7 49.3 Relieve some load

from Khadhra Grid

Suwaiq 2x125 125 - - 95.8 106.2 Relieve some load

from MIS Grid

Khaburh

(Majan)

2x125 125 22.3 - - - All load shifted to

Khadhra A Grid

MZEC recognized the non-ordinary growth in the coastal areas of South Al Batinah driven by

considerable number of governmental investments in form of tourism projects, infrastructure

projects, and industrial projects as well as private sector investments accompanying them. All of that

indicates clearly that this part of the Governorate is going to play a significant role in the development

of the country. New grid stations will be in service in 2018 and 2019 to meet the demand in whole



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South Al Batinah Governorate. Madinat Barka A (TX-1&TX-2) and Al Khadhra A (TX-1&TX-2) are

currently in service.

Therefore, MZEC had submitted applications for eight additional grid stations in South Al Batinah.

Three grid stations will be in Barka which are Madinat Barka A (TX-1 & TX-2) 2x125 MVA, Madinat

Barka B (TX-2 & TX-3) 2x125 MVA and Hai Asem 2x125 MVA. Three grid stations will be in Suwaiq

that are Al Khadhra A (TX-1 & TX-2) 2x125 MVA, Al Khadhra B (TX-2 & TX-3) 2x125 MVA and

Suwaiq 2x125 MVA. However, Madinat Barka A (TX-1 & TX-2) 2x125 MVA and Al Khadhra A (TX-

1 & TX-2) 2x125 MVA were in service in summer 2016.

In addition, One grid station will be in Musanah that is Muladah-B (TX-2 & TX-3) 2x 125 MVA and

another one will be in Rustaq which is Wadi Bani Awf 2x 125 MVA.

13.3.2 Reinforcement of the Suwaiq area

Suwaiq area currently is supplied from Muladah Interconnection Substation (MIS) 2x 125 MVA and

Khabourah 2x 125 MVA (Majan) grid stations. In 2017, all Suwaiq load from Khabourah grid station

will be shifted to Khadhra A (TX-1& TX-2) 2x 125 MVA grid station. New project will be associated

to shift this load and to meet load growth in Suwaiq area as described below:

Year 2017:

Currently Bidaya area is fed from Khabourah Grid station which is in the authorized area of Majan

Electricity Company (MJEC) through three feeders. These are Bidaya-1, Bidaya-2 and Bidaya-3. For

permanent solutions within Bidaya and Suwaiq areas, MZEC has submitted an application for a new

Grid station at Khadhra area (Khadhra Grid 2x125 MVA 132/33 kV Substation) targeted before

summer 2016. To utilize the new Grid station efficiently, MZEC has planned a batch of new 33 kV

feeders to be constructed and put into service before or by the commissioning of Khadhra Grid

station for the immediate load redistribution and release of the feeders from Khabourah Grid station.

The table below shows the new feeders together with their allocations to the primary substations in

year 2017.

The following projects are proposed:

Khadhra Grid 2x125 MVA is currently on service and there are some projects associated with

this grid and will be in service in 2017 and that are as described below:

Construction two new feeder to Marble Factory 3x6 MVA substation. One of them

dedicated to substation length 20 km OH and another one link with feeder exist

Marble factory from MIS grid length 6 km OHL.

Construction of a new feeder to Khadhra 2x20 MVA substation length of 5.8 km OHL

and 5.5 km UGC. That will improve voltage and ensure the compliance to security

standards.

Construction of two new feeders to Khadhra Bu Reshaid 2x20 MVA substation length

3.35 km OHL and 1.5 km UGC per feeder to provide second source for these

substations and complying with DSSS.



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Install one new 33 kV feeders from Khadhra Grid to link with the the existing Bidaya

feeder length 7.7 km OHL and 2.7 km UGC. And new 33 kV feeder to Bidaya Tx-3

length 7.7 km OHL and 2.7 km UGC. Moreover, that will improve voltage and ensure

the compliance to security standards.

Construction two new feeders to new a primary Badi AL Amoud 2x20 MVA length 9

km OHL and 6 km UGC.

To be ensure compliance of security standards of Bidaya substation, constructing a new Badi

Al Amoud 2x20 MVA with two 33 kV feeders length 7 km OHL and 0.5 km UGC from Khadhra

grid to relieve around 12 MVA.

Upgrading Bidaya to 3x20 MVA to meet high growth in the area, relief some load from Bidaya

suq 2x6 MVA and shift all load from Shabyah substation 2x6 MVA. This will remove the

overload and will bring the site closer to N-1 compliance.

Upgrade Wadi AL Jahawer to 2x6 MVA and Wadi Al Haimly to enhance the compliance to

the security standards.

Construction of a new primary Al Batha substation with a capacity of 3x20 MVA will relieve

loads from Suwaiq, AL Hadheeb and Suwaiq I Area Substations. This will remove the

overload and will bring the site closer to N-1 compliance. And it is proposed to link with

feeders exist (Khadrh-1, Khadhrah-2 & Marbal Factory) from MIS grid.

Establish a new location for Dhyan primary, south west of the existing site, to establish a 2 x

20 MVA primary substation with space for a future, 3rd 20 MVA transformer. This will remove

the overload and will bring the site closer to N-1 compliance. And the new substation will feed

from Dhyan-1 & Dhyan-2 from Khdrah grid.

Construction of a new primary Al Uraiq substation with a capacity of 3x20 MVA will relieve

loads from Khadhra and Khadhra Bu Rshaid and Al Uqdah Temp.

Construction a new primary Al Khabah 3x20 MVA and three new feeders.

Table 45: Projects Associated with Reinforcement of Suwaiq Area in 2017


Year

Target

Year

Ref.

PIAD

1 Construction of Khadhra Grid 33 kV busbar and 33

kV switchgear Q2

2013

2017 SB-

35/2012

2 Upgrading Bidaya to 3x20 MVA Q2

2014

2017 SB-

01/2012

3 Construction of a new primary AL Batha

substation with a capacity of 3x20 MVA with three

Q2

2014

2017 SB-

04/2013



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feeders link with existing (Khadhra-1, Khadhra-2 &

Marbal Factory) feeders MIS grid.

4 Construction of a new primary AL Khabah

substation with a capacity of 3x20 MVA with three

feeders from MIS grid.

Q2

2014

2017 Coastal

Area

PIAD

5 Upgrade Wadi AL Jahawer to 2x6 MVA and Al

Haimly to 2X6 MVA

Q2

2014

2017 SB-

22/2012

6 Construction of a new primary Badi Al Amod

substation with a capacity of 3x20 MVA with new

two feeders.

Q2

2014

2017 SB-

01/2012

7 Construction of a new primary Dhyan substation

with a capacity of 2x20 MVA with new two

feeders.

Q2

2014

2017 SB-

01/2012

8 Construction of a new primary Al Uraiq substation

with a capacity of 3x20 MVA. With three 33 kV

feeders from Khadhrah grid.

Q1

2015

2017 SB-

02/2013

Year 2018:

To cover the high growth in Suwaiq area, MZEC has submitted an application to OETC for a new

grid supply point in Suwaiq area. This new grid will relieve load of MIS grid. The associated 33kV

switchgear is proposed under project. The new 33 kV feeders will ensure a better and more reliable

33 kV supply to existing and proposed substations and will improve compliance with Distribution

System Security Standards. Almost all of the new planned feeders are of short lengths and it is

required to link the existing O/H lines to the Grid station.

The following projects are proposed:

Construction of Suwaiq Grid 33 kV busbar and 33 kV switchgear and the feeders will improve

voltage and ensure the compliance to security standards.

Construct two feeders length 2 km UGC to link with Suwaiq-1&2 from MIS grid. This

two feeders will feed Suwaiq Tx-1& 2 substation.

Construct three feeders to feed Al Subikhi 3x20 MVA by link with feeders exist (Khadrh-

1, Khadhrah-2&Marble factory) from MIS grid length 3 km UGC.

Construct three feeders to feed Al Khabh 3x20 MVA by link with feeders exist (Khabh-

1, Khabh-2 & Khabh-2) from MIS grid length 3 km UGC.

Construct one dedicated feeder to Suwaiq I Area Tx-1 length 1.6 km UGC.



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Construct three feeders to feed Al Batha 3x20 MVA length 3 km UGC.

Table 46: Projects Associated with Reinforcement of Suwaiq Area in 2018

No Project Description Start

Year

Target

Year

Ref.

PIAD

1 Construction of Suwaiq Grid 33 kV busbar and 33

kV switchgear with 33kV feeders Q1

2015

2018 SB-

04/2013

13.3.3 Reinforcement of the Musanah area

To meet the load growth requirements in this region a number of upgrades, expansions or additional

Primary Substations are required. This is to ensure capacity is available in time for connection of

new customers and also to ensure the Musanah area remains in a DSSS compliant state. The new

projects will be description as following:

Year 2017:

The following projects are proposed in this year:

A new 3x20 MVA primary substation will be constructed to supply the coastal load

compensation areas in Musanah District namely Musanah Al Sahil with three 33 kV feeders.

Musnah Al Sahil S/S will be fed from Al Sawadi Grid. Moreover Musanah Al Sahil S/S will

relieve load from Musanah S/S.

Upgrading Muladah to 3x20 MVA to match the Security Standards.

Upgrading Maharh to 3x20 MVA to match the Security Standards.

Upgrading Musanah Industrail Area to 2x20 MVA to match the Security Standards

Table 47: Projects Associated with Reinforcement of Musanah Area in 2017


Year

Target

Year

Ref.

PIAD

1 Construction of new primary Musanah Al Sahil

substation with a capacity of 3x20 MVA with

three feeders.

Q2

2014

2017 Coastal

Area

PIAD

2 Upgrading Maharh to 3x20 MVA. Q1

2015

2017 SB-

05/2013

3 Upgrading Muladah to 3x20 MVA. Q1

2015

2017 SB-

05/2013

To cover the high growth in Musnah area, OETC started to construct a new grid supply point in

Musanah area. This new grid will relieve load of Muladah grid. The associated 33kV switchgear is



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proposed under survey. The new 33 kV feeders will ensure a better and more reliable 33 kV supply

to existing and proposed substations and will improve compliance with Distribution System Security

Standards. Almost all of the new planned feeders are of short lengths and it is required to link the

existing O/H lines to the Grid station.

The following projects are associated with Muladah-B (TX-3& TX-4) 2x125 MVA grid station:

Construction of Muladah B Grid 33 kV busbar and 33 kV switchgear and the feeders will

improve voltage and ensure the compliance to security standards.

Construct three feeders length 3 km UGC to feed Al Qurihat 3x20 MVA substation.

Construct a new feeder to feed Muladah Tx-3.

Construct a new feeder to feed Maharh Tx-3.

Table 48: Projects Associated with Muladah-B grid station at Musanah Area in 2017

Year 2018:

The following projects are proposed in this year:

Constructing Maghser South 2x6 MVA to accommodate the load currently situated and to

bring the site closer to N-1 compliance. To feed the substation, it is propose to feed from

(Billah-1) length 1 km UGC and another source is a link from existing feeder (Billah-2) length

1 km UGC.

Table 49: Projects Associated with Reinforcement of Musanah Area in 2017

13.3.4 Reinforcement of the Nakhal Area

Year 2017:



Year

Target

Year

Ref.

PIAD

1 Construction of Muladah-B Grid 33 kV busbar and

33 kV switchgear with 33kV feeders Q1 2015 2017 SB-

05/2013


Year

Target

Year

Ref.

PIAD

1 Constructing Maghser South 2x6 MVA and new 33

kV feeder length 12.5 km UGC Q1 2015 2017 SB-

05/2013



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Construct a new 1x6 MVA substation to supply South Al Batinah Logistics project and feed it

by constructing a new 33kV dedicated feeder from Nakhal grid and by a 33kV tap from Al

Abiyadh feeder as backup supply.

Construct a new 33kV Afi-2 feeder and link it with existing Al Taw feeder to supply Afi 2x20

MVA substation.

Table 50: Projects Associated with Reinforcement of the Nakhal Area


Year

Target

year

Ref.

PIAD

1 Construction of New 1x6 MVA substation to supply South

Al Batinah Logistics

Q4

2015 2016

-

2 Construct a new 33kV Afi-2 feeder and link it with existing

Al Taw feeder to supply Afi 2x20 MVA substation

Q4

2015 2017 SB-

27/2013

13.3.5 Reinforcement of the Barka Area

Barka is one of the biggest developed area in Oman. Large projects are coming soon in Barka

including many big residential buildings and commercial centers. Also there is a huge development

in the industrial side as of Suqsuq and Felaij Industrial Areas. In fact, it is a normal extension to the

capital of the Muscat governorate. Logistic areas have been constructed in Barka rather than Muscat

to be used for exporting inside Oman. The new projects related to Barka area are detailed below:

Year 2017:


Construction of Al Namman substation with a capacity of 3x20 MVA and three new 33 kV

feeders from Blue City Grid. The substation will relieve load from Barka New substation and

Al Hufri substation.

Table 51: Projects Associated with Reinforcement of Barka Area in 2017

Madinat Barka-A (TX-1&TX-2) 2x125 MVA grid station had been in service in summer 2016 and

some load had been relived from Barka Main grid. Four 33kV feeders are still under construction

and that will be in service by 2017 as described below:


Year

Target

Year

Ref.

PIAD

1 Construction of Al Namman 3x20 MVA Substation

with 3 new 33 kV feeders from Blue City Grid. Q2

2013

2016 SB-

01/2012



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Four 33kV feeders will be constructed in Madinat Barka-A (TX-1&TX-2) grid station to relieve

load from Barka Main grid and these feeders are Saqsuq-1, Saqsuq-2, Saqsuq-3 and Barka

Town-1.

Year 2018:


Upgrading of Barka Town substation from 2x20 MVA to 3x20 MVA with a 33kV new feeder

of 4km length to supply Barka Town area which has high load and to be complying with DSSS

requirements.

Table 52: Projects Associated with Reinforcement of the Barka Area in 2017


Year

Target

Year

Ref.

PIAD

1 Upgrading of Barka Town substation from (2x 20

MVA) to (3 x 20 MVA) with a 33kV feeder (4km

cable 3c 300mm2 (Easy terrain))

Q4

2015

2017 SB-

07/2013

Two grid stations will be in service in this year as detailed below:

A) Projects associated with Madinat Barka-B Grid Station

The following projects are associated with Madinat Barka-B grid station:

Three feeders will be constructed to relive load from Madinat Barka-A grid station and these

are Saqsuq-1, Saqsuq-2 and Saqsuq-3.

Table 53: Projects Associated with Reinforcement of the Madinat Barka-B grid station in 2018


Year

Target

Year

Ref.

PIAD

1 Construct of Saqsuq-1, Saqsuq-2 and Saqsuq-3

to relive load from Madinat Barka-B Q1

2018

2018 SB-

07/2013

B) Projects associated with Hai Asem Grid

This grid is mainly planned to be constructed to supply a complex customer load for Barka IWP

which has electrical connection request of 60 MW. Three substations will be constructed within this

grid and the details will be described on sponsor section.



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Year 2019:


Constructing of Al Huradi substation with a capacity of 3x20 MVA and three new 33 kV

feeders from Madinat Barka-B grid station and each one has a length of about 10km

3Cx300mm2 underground cable. Al Huradi substation will relieve load from Somahan and

Barka New substations. The three substations will be complied with DSSS.

Constructing of Somahan South substation with a capacity of 2x20 MVA and two new 33 kV

feeders from Madinat Barka-B grid station and each one has a length of about 2km

3Cx300mm2 underground cable. Somahan South substation will relieve load from Barka

Town substation. Somahan South Temp 1x6 MVA substation will be dismantle after Somhan

South 2x20 MVA substation. Somahan South and Barka Town substations will be complied

with DSSS.

Construction of Hai Asim substation with a capacity of 3x20 MVA and three new 33 kV

feeders from Hai Asem Grid each one has a length of about 3 km 3Cx300mm2 underground

cable. Hai Asem substation will relieve load from Rumais and Salaha substations. The three

substations will be complied with DSSS.

Construction of Al Haram substation with a capacity of 3x20 MVA and three new 33 kV

feeders from Hai Asem Grid each one has a length of about 5km 3Cx300mm2 underground

cable. Al Haram substation will relieve load from Salaha substation and Al Haram Temp

substation will be dismantled. Al Haram and Salaha substations will be complied with DSSS.

Upgrading of Al Uqair substation from 1x6 MVA to 2x20 MVA to supply Al Uqair and some of

Barka town area which have high load growth and to be complying with DSSS requirements

with a new 33kV feeder tapping from Barka-5 feeder.

Table 54: Projects Associated with Reinforcement of the Barka Area in 2019


Year

Target

Year

Ref.

PIAD

1 Constructing of Al Huradi substation with a

capacity of 3x20 MVA and three new 33 kV

feeders from Madinat Barka Grid-B

Q3

2017

2019 SB-

07/2013

2 Constructing of Somahan South substation with

a capacity of 2x20 MVA and two new 33 kV

feeders from Madinat Barka Grid-B

Q3

2017

2019 SB-

07/2013

3 Constructing Hai Asem 3x20MVA substation with

three 33kV feeders (3km cable 3c 300mm2

(Easy terrain)).

Q3

2017

2019 SB-

07/2013

4 Constructing Al Haram 3x20MVA substation with

three 33kV feeders (5km cable 3c 300mm2

(Easy terrain)).

Q3

2017

2019 SB-

07/2013



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5 Upgrading of Al Uqair substation to 2x20 MVA

with a new 33kV feeder tapping from Barka-5

feeder.

Q3

2017

2019 SB-

07/2013

13.3.6 Reinforcement of the Rustaq Area

Rustaq is one of the development areas in Oman. There are some of the big governmental projects

in this area. Rustaq distribution network is already loaded and most of the substation is out of DSSS

requirements. The new projects in Rustaq area are detailed below:

Year 2017:


Construction of Tawi Al Badw substation 1x6 MVA inside to relive load from Al Hooqain

substation and to improve the voltage drop due to the lengthy 11 kV feeders inside Al Hooqain

area.

Upgrading of Wadi Bani Awf substation from 1x6 MVA to 2x20 MVA and constructing one

new 132 kV double circuit towers from Rustaq Grid operated as 33kV in the first phase until

New Awabi Grid will come in 2018. This substation will cover the load growth in this area and

it will be complied with DSSS requirements.

Construct a new Wadi Al Sahtan 1x6 MVA substation in 4 km away from Wadi Al Sahtan 2x6

substation forward the wadi to relive the substation and to improve the voltage in this area.

Table 55 : Projects Associated with Reinforcement of Rustaq Area in 2017

Year 2018:


Upgrading of Wadi Bani Ghafer substation from 2x6 MVA to 2x20 MVA and constructing two

new 33 kV feeders from Rustaq Grid each one a length of about 15 km OHL Panther and 4

km 3Cx300mm2 underground cable. This substation will cover the load growth in this area

and it will be complied with DSSS requirements.


Year

Target

Year

Ref.

PIAD

1 Construction of Tawi Al Badow substation 1x6 MVA

inside Wadi Al Hooqain Q3

2016

2017 SB-

09/2013

2 Upgrading of Wadi Bani Awf substation from 1x6

MVA to 2x20 MVA Q1

2016

2017 SB-

08/2013

3 Construct a new Wadi Al Sahtan 1x6 MVA substation

in 4 km away from Wadi Al Sahtan 2x6 substation Q4

2016

2017 SB-

09/2013



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Upgrading of Al Hazim substation from 2x6 MVA to 2x20 MVA to supply the new complex

connections which is about 7 MW and cover the load requirement in Al Hazim area.

Upgrading of Awabi substation from 3x6 MVA to 2x20 MVA to supply Awabi area which is

highly growth area and to be complied with DSSS requirements.

Table 56: Projects Associated with Reinforcement of Rustaq Area in 2018

Year 2019:


Construction of new 2x6 MVA substation in Al Marji area to relive Al Kahaf substation and to

be complied with DSSS requirements.

Constructing of New Woshil 2x20 MVA substation with two new 33 kV feeders from Rustaq

Grid each one a length of about 15km 3Cx300mm2 underground cable. The substation will

relive load of existing Woshil 2x20 MVA substation and complied it with DSSS requirements.

Constructing of Kasfah 2x20 MVA substation with two new 33 kV feeders from Awabi Grid

each one a length of about 2km 3Cx300mm2 underground cable. The substation will relive

load of existing Woshil 2x20 MVA, Rustaq 2x20 MVA and Makhsoufah 2x6MVA substation

and complied them with DSSS requirements.

Table 57: Projects Associated with Reinforcement of Rustaq Area in 2018


Year

Target

Year

Ref.

PIAD

1 Upgrading of Wadi Bani Ghafer from 2x6 MVA to

2x20 MVA with 2 new 33 kV feeders Q1

2017

2018 SB-

09/2013

2 Upgrading of Al Hazim substation from (2x 6 MVA) to (2 x 20 MVA) Indoor substation.

Q1 2017

2018 SB-09/2013

3 Upgrading of Awabi substation from 3x6 MVA to 2x20 MVA

Q4 2016

2018 SB-09/2013


Year

Target

Year

Ref.

PIAD

1 Construction of new 2x6 MVA substation in Al Marji

area Q1

2018

2019 SB-

09/2013

2 Constructing of New Woshil 2x20 MVA substation

with two 33kV feeders (15km cable 3c 300mm2

(Easy terrain)).

Q4

2017

2019

SB-

09/2013



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In this year, Wadi Bani Awf 2x125 MVA grid station will be in service and six 33kV feeders will be

constructed with associated with this project as described below:

Six 33kV feeders will be constructed in Wadi Bani Awf 2x125 MVA grid station to relieve load

from Rustaq grid and these feeders are Makhsoufah-1, Makhsoufah-2, Awabi-1, Awabi-2,

Wadi Bani Awf-1 and Wadi Bani Awf-2.

13.5 Sponsor Projects

Sponsor projects is called complex connection in connection statements. It is defined in the

approved connection statement as those connections with a distance of more than 1.5 kilometer and

with a connected load of 2.5 MW or more, the sponsor will pay for all investments. Having said that,

it is worth mentioning that a lot of uncertainty accompanies complex customers’ applications in terms

of load and time for connections. Many applications were received since last year capability

statement and the seriousness of some is questioned. In this section will listed the serious

applications that the customer response to MZEC's offer:

Year 2017:

Construction of Ibra ROP 2x6 MVA substation to fed New ROP project with two links from

MOD and Ibra Hospital 33 kV feeders.

Construction of new 2x6 MVA substation phase I Al Al Sharqiyah University with 33 kV feeder

from Ibra Grid.

Construction of Suwaiq ROP 2x6 MVA substation to fed New ROP project with new 33 kV

feeder from Khadra Grid and link from Marble Factory 33 kV feeders.

Construction of Sur ROP 3x6 MVA substation to fed New ROP project with new 33 kV branch

from Fleej Water Pump 33 kV feeder.

South Al Batinah Logistics 1x6 MVA substation to feed the Logistics area at Nakhal area.

Upgrade ROP Academic substation from 1x6 to 3x6 MVA to cover the new load of the under

construction building inside the academic.

Construction New 2x6 MVA in Bircat AL Mouz to feed Royal Oman Police project with one

new dedicated 33 kV feeder from Izki Grid and one new tapping from Birkat AL Mouz-2 33

kV feeder.

Construction of Adam Airport substation 2x20 MVA with two 33 kV feeder 15 km overhead

line from Adam Grid.

3 Constructing of Kasfah 2x20 MVA substation with

two 33kV feeders (2km cable 3c 300mm2 (Easy

terrain)).

Q4

2017

2019 SB-

09/2013



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Construction New 2x6 MVA in Siaw to feed Al Zain project with tapping from Aflaje 33 kV

feeder.

Table 58: Sponsor Project in 2017

Year 2018:

Upgrade ROP Academic substation from 1x6 to 3x6 MVA to cover the new load of the under


Constructing two 2x20MVA substations for Barka IWP with two 33kV feeders for each

substation and each has a length of 2km 3Cx300mm2 underground cable.


Year

Target

Year

Governorate

1 Construction of Ibra ROP 2x6 MVA substation to

fed New ROP project with two links from MOD and

Ibra Hospital 33 kV feeders

Q4

2015

2017 North

AL Sharqiyah

2 Construction of new 2x6 MVA substation phase I

Al Al Sharqiyah University. Q4

2015

2017 North

AL Sharqiyah

3 Construction of Suwaiq ROP 2x6 MVA substation

to fed New ROP project with new 33 kV feeder from

Khadra Grid and link from Marble Factory 33 kV

feeders.

Q4

2015

2017 South

Al Batinah

4 South Al Batinah Logistics 1x6 MVA substation to

feed the Logistics area at Nakhal area. Q1

2016

2017 South

Al Batinah

5 Construction of Sur ROP 3x6 MVA substation to

fed New ROP project with new 33 kV branch from

Fleej Water Pump 33 kV feeder.

Q4

2015

2017 South

AL Sharqiyah

6 Construction New 2x6 MVA in Bircat AL Mouz to feed

Royal Oman Police project Q1

2016

2017 Al Dakhliyah

7 Upgrade ROP Academic substation from 1x6 to

3x6 MVA to cover the new load of the under


Q4

2015

2016 Al Dakhliyah

8 Construction of Adam Airport substation 2x20 MVA with

two 33 kV feeder Q1

2015

Q4

2016

Al Dakhliyah

9 Construction New 2x6 MVA in Siaw to feed Al Zain

project Q4

2016

Q3

2017

North

AL Sharqiyah



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Construct Sandan 2x20 MVA substation with two dedicated 33kV feeders from

Madinat Barka-A grid station.

Table 59: Sponsor Project in 2018

Year 2019:

Construction of SIWP 2x20 MVA substation with two new 33 kV feeder from Sur Grid.

Table 60 : Sponsor Project in 2019

14. Assessment of MZEC Distribution System losses

The Authority for Electricity Regulation, Oman starting from 2009 has imposed an incentive / penalty

mechanism for distribution system operators. Targets were set for each Price control based on a

targeted annual incremental reduction such that if any of the companies managed to reduce its

losses more than the annual target, it will be incentivized by the mechanism embedded in the Price

Control Formula. On the other hand if any of the companies failed to achieve the targeted losses

reduction it will be subject to a penalty. For Mazoon Electricity Company, the annual incremental

reduction target was 1.9% in the period of (2009-2011) and 0.9% for the period of (2012-2017) with

starting point of 12.8%.Table 61 below presents the annual losses reduction targets determined by

the Authority.


Year

Target

Year

Governorate

1 Upgrade ROP Academic substation from 1x6 to

3x6 MVA to cover the new load of the under


Q4

2016

2018 Al Dakhliyah

2 Constructing two 2x20MVA substations for Barka

IWP with two 33kV feeders for each substation and

each has a length of 2km

Q2

2016

2018 South

Al Batinah

3 Construct Sandan 2x20 MVA substation with two

dedicated 33kV feeders from Madinat Barka-A grid

station

Q3

2016

2018 South

Al Batinah

4 Construct a new 3x6 MVA substation to supply the

sponsor project of ROP Wadi Al Mawel complex. Q1

2017

2018 South

Al Batinah


Year

Target

Year

Governorate

1 Construction of SIWP 2x20 MVA substation with two

new 33 kV feeder from Sur Grid. Q2

2017

2019 South

AL Sharqiyah



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Table 61: MZEC losses Targets

Year 2008* 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016

Target 21.4% 19.5% 17.6% 15.7% 12.8% 11.9% 10.28% 10.3% 8.9%

As part of MZEC efforts in managing losses reduction continued in its losses Management structure

that was introduced in 2009 and constitutes of a central losses management team and three losses

management teams one per region. An annual reduction target for each team is set at the beginning

of each year based on previous year performance and taking into consideration the agreed target

with the Authority.

MZEC thankfully was able to exceed the target set for year 2014 of 10.7% by recording at the end

of the year 10.28% which consequently led MZEC to be entitled for a considerable incentive.

Till the time of issuing this capability Statement, only unaudited figures of bulk supply quantities and

regulated units distributed for the period from January to August 2016 is available. Figure 6 below

presents MZEC position at the end of August 2016.

Figure 6: MZEC losses regional wise (2015, 2016 vs target 2016)

It is obvious that MZEC till August has reached 14.3% which is less than the losses recorded in year

2015 by around 4% hitting a percentage lower that agreed target with expectation of reducing the

losses even further by the end of the year. Furthermore, it is obvious that South Al Batinah

governorate contributes for well over 50% of MZEC losses and the other three governorates namely

Al Dakhilyiah, South Al Sharqiyah and North Al Sharqiyah contribute together for the remaining

percentage. Figure 7 below illustrates the regional contribution to MZEC losses for the period

January to August 2016.

10.3

8.57.5

12.1 11.5

8.7

0.8

6.17.4

15.214.3

6.2

17.3 17.318.7

0.0

2.0

4.0

6.0

8.0

10.0

12.0

14.0

16.0

18.0

20.0

MZEC Al Dakhilyiah North Al Sharqiyah South Al Sharqiyah South Al Batinah

Losses %

Distribution Loss 2015 % Target 2016 % Distribution Loss 2016 %



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Figure 7: Regional Losses Contribution to the overall MZEC losses

It is worth mentioning that although the losses reduction achieved so far is significant and important,

still there is a lot to do to bring the system losses to acceptable level and MZEC wishes to maintain

the momentum expressed in 2016 and in 2017 in further years driven by its vision to be one of the

leading distribution and supply companies in the region by 2017.

15. Network Suitability for New Connections

Taking a glance at the Equipment Loadings shown Annexure 1-A-1, 1-A-2, 1-B-1, 1-B-2, 1-C-1, 1-

C-2,1-D-1 and 1-C-2, it is seen that the 33 kV network and its components will be partially relieved

by the reinforcements programs. Despite the fact that for simple new connections which are defined

in the approved connection statement as those connections with a distance of less than 1.5 kilometer

and with a connected load of 2.5 MW or less, MZEC will not stop any application because of network

capability. On the other hand, for complex connections, the situation is totally different. In many

locations the network requires investments at grid level either in terms of additional capacity or

availability of circuit breakers. Further constraints are also at primary substations and 33 kV feeders

driven by the considerable growth experienced especially at the coastal part of South Al Batinah

Governorate, Nizwa in Al Dakhilyiah Governorate and parts of Al Sharqyiah (South and North)

Governorates.

Having said that, it is worth mentioning that a lot of uncertainty accompanies complex customers’

applications in terms of load and time for connections. Many applications were received since last

year capability statement and the seriousness of some is questioned. An example to that, a new

industrial area in Sumail requires large loads within a timeframe of few years which might require

investment at transmission network. On the other hand, such investment requires commitment from

applicants as well as accuracy in their applications. MZEC in this regard proposes to establish a

mechanism to filter serious applicants from non-serious applicants. Once this mechanism is

approved and implemented, it will contribute significantly to plan for future investments.

12.0

16.6

15.5

56.0

% Share of MZEC Losses

Al Dakhilyiah North Al Sharqiyah South Al Sharqiyah South Al Batinah



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The required reinforcements and the loadings of equipment shown in Annexure 1-A-1, 1-A-2, 1-B-1,

1-B-2, 1-C-1, 1-C-2, 1-D-1 and 1-C-2, give a clear picture of the anticipated constraints that may be

imposed on the 33 KV network. The load flow results for the years 2017, 2018 and 2019 are obtained

on the assumption that the current ongoing projects (CWIP) are completed on time and the planned

reinforcements are also delivered on time. Failure to finance these reinforcements or delay in timely

completion will impose further constraints on the network for the years 2017, 2018 and 2019.

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