distributed generation, renewable energy and sustainability. impact on power quality and network...
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DISTRIBUTED GENERATION, RENEWABLE ENERGY AND
SUSTAINABILITY. IMPACT ON POWER QUALITY AND NETWORK PLANNING
“Inauguration of the 6th Framework Programme”
25-26 of November 2002. Warsaw
Pablo EguiaElectrical Engineering Department
University of the Basque Country
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INTRODUCTION
Distributed Generation: power generation facilities connected to the distribution network. Main characteristics:
• Geographically dispersed
• Low installed capacity
• Renewable energy sources as primary energy
• Cogeneration and new technologies
• Not centrally planned
• Non-despatchable
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INTRODUCTION
Huge increases expected:
• White paper: 2010 12 % Total Energy Consumption by RES
22 % Electricity by RES facilities
• New technologies: microturbines, fuel cells,…
Thousands of new facilities connected to electricity distribution networks
¿?
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FOCUS
Our proposal focuses on the impact of distributed generation on the distribution network from an overall point of view:
• power quality issues
• operation and control issues
• protection issues
• regulatory framework issues
integrated solution for the problems imposed on the distribution network by the distributed generation
Sustainable Energy Supply System
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OBJECTIVES AND APPROACH
Power Quality:
• Impact depends on several factors: type of network, type of d.g. plant, demand in the network, etc
• Research actions on:
• Impact of distributed generation facilities on distribution network quality of supply
• Impact of power quality disturbances on distributed generation facilities
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OBJECTIVES AND APPROACH
Operation and control:
• Actually d.g. facilities do not provide support services to the power system (voltage and frequency control)
• Research actions on:
• Forecasting primary energy availability and plant electricity output for different time horizons
• Frequency and voltage control for the different types of distributed generation units
• Integration of d.g. plant control system with the distribution network control system
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OBJECTIVES AND APPROACH
Protection:
• From a protection point of view d.g. facilities are different from actual power plants. New solution needed for:
• Minimising the risk of damage to customers and the d.g. plant
• Maintaining security of supply
• Avoiding forced outages of unfaulted d.g. plant
• Research actions on the dynamic response of the d.g. plant:
• Dynamic models for the different d.g. facilities
• Critical clearing times consistent with generator dynamic stability
• Capacity of the d.g. plant to switchover to islanded operation
• Etc.
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OBJECTIVES AND APPROACH
Regulatory framework:
• Actual regulatory frameworks are not prepared for high d.g. penetration into the distribution networks
• Research actions on :
• Connection requirements for distributed generation plants
• Distribution activity remuneration scheme with incentives for new d.g. connection
• Methodology for establishing distribution network tariffs and its allocation among customers (consumers and distributed generators)
• Methodology for distribution losses evaluation and allocation
• Quality of supply framework for the distribution network
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NEED AND RELEVANCE
• The research efforts stated are all focused to overcome the problems of integrating distributed generation facilities into distribution systems and into the operation of the power system
• D.G. technologies comprise renewable and cogeneration. The research proposed will help to achieve:
• Greenhouse gasses and pollutant emissions reduction objectives
• Security of energy supply enhancement
• Compete in terms of price with traditional technologies
Sustainable European Energy
Supply System