distance teaching & learning 2015 -- social presence and online video
TRANSCRIPT
If you record it, will they watch it? And will it matter? (part 2)Exploring students’ perceptions of social presence and online video
slides @ www.patricklowenthal.com
Patrick Lowenthal
educator
researcher
designer
developer
patricklowenthal.com Twitter @plowenthal
Overview
SP & Online Video
Replication w/ Undergraduates
Synchronous “Live” Video
SP cues in Screencasts
BACKGROUND
Social Presence
Social presence is the degree of salience (i.e., quality or state of being there) between two communicators using a communication medium.
METHOD
Regular Video Use
Video Announcements
Instructional Videos (screencasts)
Video Feedback
1
2
3
?
Survey
General Questions
Questions about Video Announcements
Questions about Instructional Videos
Questions about Video Feedback
Data Collection
Spring 2013
Summer 2013
Fall 2013
Spring 2014
Sample
Internet for Educators
Graphic Design for Learning
Online Course Design
101
students
RESULTS
General Background
Females 57%
Males 43%
Experienced Online Learners (Average 10 courses)
Perceived learning (4.58)
Satisfied (4.52)
Importance of Presence
[1 Strongly Disagree --- Strongly Agree 5]
Important to perceive instructor as “real” & “there”
Strongly Agree 4.36
Importance to perceive classmates as “real” & “there”
Agree 3.82
Communication Media
Video: 4.23
Audio: 3.55
Text: 3.45[1 Poor --- Excellent 5]
Rate video, audio, & text in their ability to establish a communicator as a “real” person and being “there” (i.e., social presence)
Lonely
Sometimes feel alone or isolated when taking online courses[1 Strongly Disagree --- Strongly Agree 5]
Neither Agree or Disagree 2.97
Preference
I like it when instructors use videos in online courses.
Agree 4.37
VIDEO ANNOUNCEMENTS
Video Announcements
I read every announcement instructor posts
I watched all announcements
Agree 4.16 Agree 4.08
Video Announcements
When / given a video announcement and a text transcription, which are you more likely to do:
Only read; don’t watch
Read and watch video
Watch but don’t read
31%
46%
23%
Video Announcements
What reasons influence you to watch a video announcement? “If I have time”
“If there is instruction I watch. If it is simply an announcement I will not watch”
“Internet connection speed”
“I always watch the video announcements because they are critical to success in the class”
“Much can be determined from the post's title or subject”
INSTRUCTIONAL VIDEOS
Instructional Videos
Like it when my instructor uses instructional videos
Instructional videos are a good way to learn
Strongly Agree 4.51 Strongly Agree 4.46
Instructional Videos
I watched most of the instructional videos created by my instructor this semester?
Strongly / Agree 4.51
Instructional Videos
Prefer instructors use videos they created
Instructional videos created by others add value
Agree 3.57 Agree 3.97
VIDEO FEEDBACK
Preference
I like video feedback
Agree 3.99
Instructional Videos
I watched the video feedback
Watch video feedback more than once?
Agree 4.39Yes 67%
Public Feedback
Helpful to view feedback others receive
Agree 3.12
I think I would watch video feedback instructors gave others
Agree 2.97
OTHER RESULTS
Sync. vs. Async.
Prefer Asynchronous Video87%
Most Valued
Video FeedbackVideo AnnouncementsInstructional Videos9%
19%
72%
Situational Factors
Media Compared
One-on-one two-way synchronous video 4.18 Group two-way synchronous video 3.88 Personal asynchronous video 4.13 General asynchronous video 3.77 One-on-one synchronous audio 3.62 Group synchronous audio 3.15 One-on-one asynchronous audio 3.24 Group asynchronous audio 3.06 One-on-one synchronous text-based 3.61 Group synchronous text-based 3.11 One-on-one asynchronous text-based 3.46 Group asynchronous text-based 3.12
Video & Social Presence
Videos can establish instructor presence 4.34
Video announcements can establish instructor presence 4.22Video feedback can establish instructor presence 4.17Instructional videos can establish instructor presence 4.22I know my instructor better as a result of his use of video 4.05
Enjoyed the use of video in this course 4.45
Agree
Video, audio, and text are all tools for distance communications. Other factors also contribute to the feeling of a real person. Most critical for me is timeliness of the communications. I'd rather have a more immediate text reply that suffer digital silence - even if the communication after the delay is in a high quality video format.
When videos are kept short and focused they can be a very effective tool for learning. Not all information needs to be presented in a video.
The courses where there was some element of video communication, helped me to feel more connected to the instructor (or in the case of 502 not my instructor, but the video instructor). This semester, I do not feel connected to my instructors who have not used any form of video communication.
DISCUSSION
Final Thoughts
One size doesn’t fit all
Video announcements ROI
Subject Matter Difference? Accessibility
REPLICATE
Under Grad. Vs. Grad. preliminary data
• Importance of Instructor vs. Classmates Presence (Grad=4.36; UG=4.31 vs.Grad=3.82;UG= 3.46)
• Sometimes feel alone/isolated (Grad=2.97; UG=2.58)
• Video announcements build instructor presence (Grad.=4.18; UG=4.00;)
• Like video feedback (Grad=3.99; UG=3.63)
• Know instructor better b/c of video (Grad.=4.05; UG=3.58)
• Enjoyed the use of video in this course (Grad.=4.45; UG=4.00)
SYNC. VIDEO
Perceptions of Happy Hour
• Attended Happy Hours to learn course material (M=4.00)
• Attended Happy Hours to learn more about course requirements (M=3.33)
• Attended Happy Hours to get questions answered (M=4.07)
• Attended Happy Hours to get know instructor better (M=4.37)
• Attended Happy Hours to get know fellow students better (M=3.78)
• Attending Happy Hours was a good use of my time (M=4.41)
PRESENCE CUES
Presence Cues
• When asked to recall social presence cue Video Treatment: n=21; 2 wrong; 1 didn’t noticePicture Treatment: n=25; 2 wrong; 7 didn’t notice
• Social Presence Cues were distractingVideo Treatment: M=1.41Picture Treatment: M=1.68
• Social Presence Cues Improved VideosVideo Treatment: M=4.09Picture Treatment: M=3.28
• Better Sense of My InstructorVideo Treatment: M=4.36Picture Treatment: M=3.44
