dissolved oxygen and measurement possibilities¸st_ilt_i_væsker_og...4 oxygen properties at...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Dissolved Oxygen and measurement possibilities¸st_ilt_i_væsker_og...4 Oxygen properties At standard temperature and pressure, oxygen is a colorless, odorless gas with the molecular](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022041100/5ed8c6966714ca7f47688b78/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Dissolved Oxygen and
measurement possibilitiesBerno Lüpkes, 15th March 2017
![Page 2: Dissolved Oxygen and measurement possibilities¸st_ilt_i_væsker_og...4 Oxygen properties At standard temperature and pressure, oxygen is a colorless, odorless gas with the molecular](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022041100/5ed8c6966714ca7f47688b78/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
2
Content
1. Introduction to Dissolved Oxygen
2. Amperometric measurement principle
3. Optical measurement principle
4. Optical vs. Amperometric Sensor Features
5. Key Applications
![Page 3: Dissolved Oxygen and measurement possibilities¸st_ilt_i_væsker_og...4 Oxygen properties At standard temperature and pressure, oxygen is a colorless, odorless gas with the molecular](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022041100/5ed8c6966714ca7f47688b78/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
3
Oxygen is necessary for life
The reaction of organic material with oxygen delivers energy which is necessary for life.
Our atmosphere consists roughly of 21%
oxygen O2 and 79% nitrogen N2.
Oxygen is easily soluble in water and makes
life possible in rivers, lakes and oceans.
Oxygen is essential in cellular respiration of
all aerobic organisms.
Most of the molecules necessary for life
contain oxygen such as proteins, fats and
sugars.
![Page 4: Dissolved Oxygen and measurement possibilities¸st_ilt_i_væsker_og...4 Oxygen properties At standard temperature and pressure, oxygen is a colorless, odorless gas with the molecular](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022041100/5ed8c6966714ca7f47688b78/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
4
Oxygen properties
At standard temperature and pressure, oxygen is a colorless, odorless gas with the molecular formula O2
Oxygen is a powerful oxidizing agent.
Oxygen dissolves in water.
Dissolved oxygen is a measure of the
amount of oxygen that is dissolved or
carried in a given medium.
![Page 5: Dissolved Oxygen and measurement possibilities¸st_ilt_i_væsker_og...4 Oxygen properties At standard temperature and pressure, oxygen is a colorless, odorless gas with the molecular](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022041100/5ed8c6966714ca7f47688b78/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
5
DO values - Examples
DO value
Arterial Blood:11-13 kPa
Beer:50-200 ppb
Corrosion:0-10 ppb
Aquarium:5-8 ppm
Many processes need control of dissolved oxygen
low high
![Page 6: Dissolved Oxygen and measurement possibilities¸st_ilt_i_væsker_og...4 Oxygen properties At standard temperature and pressure, oxygen is a colorless, odorless gas with the molecular](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022041100/5ed8c6966714ca7f47688b78/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
6
Definition of the partial pressure
= +
Ptotal = p1 + p2 p1 p2
The total pressure of a gas mixture is the sum of the partial pressures of each individual gas (Dalton’s Law)
![Page 7: Dissolved Oxygen and measurement possibilities¸st_ilt_i_væsker_og...4 Oxygen properties At standard temperature and pressure, oxygen is a colorless, odorless gas with the molecular](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022041100/5ed8c6966714ca7f47688b78/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
7
Partial pressure and activity
A gas reacts according to its partial pressure.
The partial pressure is a measure of
the thermodynamic activity of a gas.
Gases dissolve, diffuse, and react
according to their partial pressure.
DO sensors measure the partial
pressure of dissolved oxygen.
Example: At an atmospheric pressure of
101,3 kPa at sea level (1 atm)
oxygen exerts POXYGEN = 21,22 kPa
nitrogen exerts PNITROGEN = 79,12 kPa
pO2air
pO2water =
pO2air
![Page 8: Dissolved Oxygen and measurement possibilities¸st_ilt_i_væsker_og...4 Oxygen properties At standard temperature and pressure, oxygen is a colorless, odorless gas with the molecular](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022041100/5ed8c6966714ca7f47688b78/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
8
Partial pressure and concentration
Different solutions dissolve varying amounts of oxygen at the same partial pressure of oxygen
The concentration of oxygen (ppb, mg/L) depends on and solubility of
oxygen in the sample:
CO2= pO2
. k Henry’s Law
Conversion of partial pressure to concentration requires accurate
information on oxygen solubility in the experimental media.
Patm = 101.3 kPaT = 25°CpO2
= 20.73 kPa
8 mg/L 2 mg/L 5 mg/L 58 mg/L
![Page 9: Dissolved Oxygen and measurement possibilities¸st_ilt_i_væsker_og...4 Oxygen properties At standard temperature and pressure, oxygen is a colorless, odorless gas with the molecular](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022041100/5ed8c6966714ca7f47688b78/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
9
Example: Closed Bioreactor
Air, 25°C100% relative humidityptot = 1 barpO2
= 0.203 bar
pH2O = 32 mbar
Water, 25°CpO2
= 0.203 bar8.0 mg/l or ppm
Air, 25°C100% relative humidity ptot = 2 barpO2
= 0.413 bar
pH2O = 32 mbar
Water, 25°CpO2
= 0.413 bar16.3 mg/l or ppm
The partial pressure of water (water vapor) does not depend on the total pressure !!
![Page 10: Dissolved Oxygen and measurement possibilities¸st_ilt_i_væsker_og...4 Oxygen properties At standard temperature and pressure, oxygen is a colorless, odorless gas with the molecular](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022041100/5ed8c6966714ca7f47688b78/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
10
Content
1. Introduction to Dissolved Oxygen
2. Amperometric measurement principle
3. Optical measurement principle
4. Optical vs. Amperometric Sensor Features
5. Key Applications
![Page 11: Dissolved Oxygen and measurement possibilities¸st_ilt_i_væsker_og...4 Oxygen properties At standard temperature and pressure, oxygen is a colorless, odorless gas with the molecular](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022041100/5ed8c6966714ca7f47688b78/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
11
Principle of Amperometric DO Sensor
Oxygen reduction at the cathode causes the electrical current to flow proportionally to pO2 in the sample.
1 O2 diffuses through the gas permeable membrane
2 Suitable polarization voltage is applied
3 O2 is completely reduced at the cathode:O2 + 2H2O + 4e-
4OH-
4 The needed electrons are released from the anode, creating the measuring signal4 Ag 4 Ag+ + 4 e-
O2
1
O2
4
Ag/AgClanode wire
3
Platinum cathode
Gas permeable membrane
2
Glass insulation
Electrolyte
![Page 12: Dissolved Oxygen and measurement possibilities¸st_ilt_i_væsker_og...4 Oxygen properties At standard temperature and pressure, oxygen is a colorless, odorless gas with the molecular](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022041100/5ed8c6966714ca7f47688b78/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
12
Sensor Response to Oxygen
Current (I) [nA]
Potential E[mV]
-670 mV
400 8000 200 600 1000
Current (I)[nA]
pO2
[vol%]
10 150 5 20
pO2 = 21%
pO2 = 17%
pO2 = 12%
pO2 = 7%
pO2 = 0%
![Page 13: Dissolved Oxygen and measurement possibilities¸st_ilt_i_væsker_og...4 Oxygen properties At standard temperature and pressure, oxygen is a colorless, odorless gas with the molecular](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022041100/5ed8c6966714ca7f47688b78/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
13
Oxygen Diffusion
The measured signal (I) is directly proportional to the oxygen partial pressure of the sample
i = k PO2
Pm A
b
i = electrode current
k = constant
PO2= partial pressure of oxygen
Pm = permeability of membrane
A = area of cathode tip
b = membrane thickness
Ag/AgClanode
Platiniumcathode
Gas permeable membrane
A
Pm pO2
b
Electrolyte
![Page 14: Dissolved Oxygen and measurement possibilities¸st_ilt_i_væsker_og...4 Oxygen properties At standard temperature and pressure, oxygen is a colorless, odorless gas with the molecular](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022041100/5ed8c6966714ca7f47688b78/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
14
Content
1. Introduction to Dissolved Oxygen
2. Amperometric measurement principle
3. Optical measurement principle
4. Optical vs. Amperometric Sensor Features
5. Key Applications
![Page 15: Dissolved Oxygen and measurement possibilities¸st_ilt_i_væsker_og...4 Oxygen properties At standard temperature and pressure, oxygen is a colorless, odorless gas with the molecular](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022041100/5ed8c6966714ca7f47688b78/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
15
Fluorescence
Fluorescence is the emission of light by a substance that has absorbed
light or other electromagnetic radiation. It is a type of luminescence.
The emitted light has a longer wave length
(smaller energy) than the absorbed light.
![Page 16: Dissolved Oxygen and measurement possibilities¸st_ilt_i_væsker_og...4 Oxygen properties At standard temperature and pressure, oxygen is a colorless, odorless gas with the molecular](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022041100/5ed8c6966714ca7f47688b78/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
16
Optical Measurement Principal
v
v
![Page 17: Dissolved Oxygen and measurement possibilities¸st_ilt_i_væsker_og...4 Oxygen properties At standard temperature and pressure, oxygen is a colorless, odorless gas with the molecular](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022041100/5ed8c6966714ca7f47688b78/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
17
Construction of Hamilton’s VisiFerm Sensor
O2
O2O2
O2 O2O2
O2
O2O2
O2
O2
Isolation LayerLuminophoreCarrier Layer
Photodiodes
Red FilterBlue LED
O2O2
![Page 18: Dissolved Oxygen and measurement possibilities¸st_ilt_i_væsker_og...4 Oxygen properties At standard temperature and pressure, oxygen is a colorless, odorless gas with the molecular](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022041100/5ed8c6966714ca7f47688b78/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
18
Making the measurement
Intensity
Time (µs)
0,00
Excitation profile
Emission profile
Phase shift = f(pO2)
O2
O2O2
O2 O2O2
O2
O2 O2
O2
O2
O2O2
![Page 19: Dissolved Oxygen and measurement possibilities¸st_ilt_i_væsker_og...4 Oxygen properties At standard temperature and pressure, oxygen is a colorless, odorless gas with the molecular](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022041100/5ed8c6966714ca7f47688b78/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
19
Oxygen correlated to phase shift
Oxygen level in air
Oxygen free
Phase shift in relation to oxygen concentration
![Page 20: Dissolved Oxygen and measurement possibilities¸st_ilt_i_væsker_og...4 Oxygen properties At standard temperature and pressure, oxygen is a colorless, odorless gas with the molecular](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022041100/5ed8c6966714ca7f47688b78/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
20
Content
1. Introduction to Dissolved Oxygen
2. Amperometric measurement principle
3. Optical measurement principle
4. Optical vs. Amperometric Sensor Features
5. Key Applications
![Page 21: Dissolved Oxygen and measurement possibilities¸st_ilt_i_væsker_og...4 Oxygen properties At standard temperature and pressure, oxygen is a colorless, odorless gas with the molecular](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022041100/5ed8c6966714ca7f47688b78/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
21
Common pain points for measuring oxygen
Accurate measurement of dissolved oxygen requires time consuming maintenance
![Page 22: Dissolved Oxygen and measurement possibilities¸st_ilt_i_væsker_og...4 Oxygen properties At standard temperature and pressure, oxygen is a colorless, odorless gas with the molecular](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022041100/5ed8c6966714ca7f47688b78/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
22
Delicate polarographic measuring system
Membrane diffusion potential changes with age
The process can change the electrolyte strength
The weak electrical signal can be influenced by external electrical devices
Installation conditions can influence signal
The Anode/Cathode can become damaged or corroded by oxidation
![Page 23: Dissolved Oxygen and measurement possibilities¸st_ilt_i_væsker_og...4 Oxygen properties At standard temperature and pressure, oxygen is a colorless, odorless gas with the molecular](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022041100/5ed8c6966714ca7f47688b78/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
23
Troubleshooting a polarographic sensor
80% of sensor
cost comes
from
maintenance
![Page 24: Dissolved Oxygen and measurement possibilities¸st_ilt_i_væsker_og...4 Oxygen properties At standard temperature and pressure, oxygen is a colorless, odorless gas with the molecular](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022041100/5ed8c6966714ca7f47688b78/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
24
Can you trust the control sensor?
Can you trust the signal from a perfectly maintained sensor?
% S
atu
rati
on
Time
Controlling PolarographicDO Sensor
CO2 FoulingVisiFerm DO SensorActual O2 Saturation
![Page 25: Dissolved Oxygen and measurement possibilities¸st_ilt_i_væsker_og...4 Oxygen properties At standard temperature and pressure, oxygen is a colorless, odorless gas with the molecular](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022041100/5ed8c6966714ca7f47688b78/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
25
Benefits of optical oxygen measurement
Key Benefits of optical oxygen sensors
Insensitive to CO2 fouling
Eliminates polarization
Simplifies maintenance with a single
replacement part
Additional Benefits:
No electrolyte to contaminate the
process
Fast response time
Measurement is independent of flow
Stable against pressure spikes
Can be installed inverted
Insensitive to poisoners like H2S and
Ammonia
![Page 26: Dissolved Oxygen and measurement possibilities¸st_ilt_i_væsker_og...4 Oxygen properties At standard temperature and pressure, oxygen is a colorless, odorless gas with the molecular](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022041100/5ed8c6966714ca7f47688b78/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
26
Polarographic installation
Transmitter PLC
PolarographicSensor
Weak nA Signal 4-20 mA
Digital
Sensor quality is not known until right before the run
May require polarization of multiple sensors
The measuring loop cannot be pre validated
• The transmitter is installed in the facility
• Polarographic sensors age when not in use
![Page 27: Dissolved Oxygen and measurement possibilities¸st_ilt_i_væsker_og...4 Oxygen properties At standard temperature and pressure, oxygen is a colorless, odorless gas with the molecular](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022041100/5ed8c6966714ca7f47688b78/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
27
4-20 mA
Digital
VisiFerm installation
PLC
VisiFerm’s integrated micro transmitter
Direct connection of the sensor to a PLC
In Lab, batch validation
Grab and go directly into the process with a
sensor known to be good
VisiFerm
Weak nA Signal
Transmitter
![Page 28: Dissolved Oxygen and measurement possibilities¸st_ilt_i_væsker_og...4 Oxygen properties At standard temperature and pressure, oxygen is a colorless, odorless gas with the molecular](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022041100/5ed8c6966714ca7f47688b78/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
28
The VisiFerm DO Sensor
Integrated Micro Transmitter
No redundant transmitters
Improved signal reliability
Reduce calibration costs
At Line In Lab
Co
st o
f C
alib
rati
on
![Page 29: Dissolved Oxygen and measurement possibilities¸st_ilt_i_væsker_og...4 Oxygen properties At standard temperature and pressure, oxygen is a colorless, odorless gas with the molecular](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022041100/5ed8c6966714ca7f47688b78/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
29
Easy Sensor Troubleshooting
Arc Wi Adapter
The blue LED indicates an active Bluetooth connection
Sensor has no errors or warnings
There is at least one sensor warning
Flashing: No sensor connected
Solid: There is at least one sensor error
- Status Lights
![Page 30: Dissolved Oxygen and measurement possibilities¸st_ilt_i_væsker_og...4 Oxygen properties At standard temperature and pressure, oxygen is a colorless, odorless gas with the molecular](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022041100/5ed8c6966714ca7f47688b78/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
30
Easy Sensor Troubleshooting
Arc Wi Adapter - ArcAir Application
Bluetooth Monitoring, Maintenance,
and Configuration
![Page 31: Dissolved Oxygen and measurement possibilities¸st_ilt_i_væsker_og...4 Oxygen properties At standard temperature and pressure, oxygen is a colorless, odorless gas with the molecular](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022041100/5ed8c6966714ca7f47688b78/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
31
Easy Sensor Troubleshooting
Errors
Warnings
Quick status indicator
Good
Warning text strings
81 – 100% Excellent
61 – 80% Good
46 – 60% Acceptable
36 – 45% Poor
< 35% Replace
Sensor cap quality
Operating indicators
![Page 32: Dissolved Oxygen and measurement possibilities¸st_ilt_i_væsker_og...4 Oxygen properties At standard temperature and pressure, oxygen is a colorless, odorless gas with the molecular](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022041100/5ed8c6966714ca7f47688b78/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
32
Content
1. Introduction to Dissolved Oxygen
2. Amperometric measurement principle
3. Optical measurement principle
4. Optical vs. Amperometric Sensor Features
5. Key Applications
![Page 33: Dissolved Oxygen and measurement possibilities¸st_ilt_i_væsker_og...4 Oxygen properties At standard temperature and pressure, oxygen is a colorless, odorless gas with the molecular](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022041100/5ed8c6966714ca7f47688b78/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
33
Hamilton Sensors in Biotech/Pharma
Every step of the biopharmaceutical process has specific requirements for
sensors to monitor and control it precisely.
![Page 34: Dissolved Oxygen and measurement possibilities¸st_ilt_i_væsker_og...4 Oxygen properties At standard temperature and pressure, oxygen is a colorless, odorless gas with the molecular](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022041100/5ed8c6966714ca7f47688b78/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
34
750 Liter Bioreactor system in production
Arc sensor while transmitting data Arc sensor operation with Arc View Handheld at main fermenter
![Page 35: Dissolved Oxygen and measurement possibilities¸st_ilt_i_væsker_og...4 Oxygen properties At standard temperature and pressure, oxygen is a colorless, odorless gas with the molecular](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022041100/5ed8c6966714ca7f47688b78/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
35
Use in Process Development
VisiFerm for sterile bioprocess
Process description
Accurate DO measurement
Absolute sterility
Cleaning: CIP, SIP (manufacturing),
autoclavation (R&D)
Recommended sensor: VisiFerm
Reliable measurement, not affected by flow, stirring or CO2
Stable reading even after frequent sterilization
Maintenance free
![Page 36: Dissolved Oxygen and measurement possibilities¸st_ilt_i_væsker_og...4 Oxygen properties At standard temperature and pressure, oxygen is a colorless, odorless gas with the molecular](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022041100/5ed8c6966714ca7f47688b78/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
36
Use in R&D
Arc View Mobile with ArcAir
![Page 37: Dissolved Oxygen and measurement possibilities¸st_ilt_i_væsker_og...4 Oxygen properties At standard temperature and pressure, oxygen is a colorless, odorless gas with the molecular](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022041100/5ed8c6966714ca7f47688b78/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
37
Hamilton Sensors in Breweries
Sensors are designed for in-line measurement of pH, dissolved oxygen
(DO) and conductivity at every step of the brewing process
![Page 38: Dissolved Oxygen and measurement possibilities¸st_ilt_i_væsker_og...4 Oxygen properties At standard temperature and pressure, oxygen is a colorless, odorless gas with the molecular](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022041100/5ed8c6966714ca7f47688b78/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
38
Hamilton Swiss Army Knife for your Process Control
Arc - Integrated
sensor intelligence
pH
Dissolved Oxygen
Conductivity
Redox
Biomass
Easy connectivity to PLC/SCADA
Buffer &
Standards Armature/Holders
Comprehensive Customer
Support Package
![Page 39: Dissolved Oxygen and measurement possibilities¸st_ilt_i_væsker_og...4 Oxygen properties At standard temperature and pressure, oxygen is a colorless, odorless gas with the molecular](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022041100/5ed8c6966714ca7f47688b78/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
39
Thank you!