dissertation on architecture for blind and visually impaired
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MVHNA\@H\PV@ GIV FCAEL MEL WAX
ADRMAV@L R@IRC@
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MAD
\n` mad ig tnas r`pirt as ti stuly mel `xpcir` tn` mhh`ssafacaty ig fcael mel vp`ipc` ti pufcah mel pravmt` spmh`s mel niw l`saje`rs hme mllr`ss mcc tn` sus` ig mrhnat`hturmc l`saje ae irl`r ti `emfc` m vasumccy adpmar`l p`rsie ti mhhidpr`n`el tn`ar `evaried`et mel jmae hidgirt grid at.
IFO@H\AW@
R`rh`ptaie ig mrhnat`htur` gir tn` fcael mel niw itn`r s`es`s hietrafut` ti at.\i stuly niw m fuact `evaried`et hme f` dml` dir` mhh`ssafc` mel nispatmfc` ti tn` fcael
XHIR@ CADA\M\AI
A wacc f` cadataej dypufcah mel pravmt`tn`ar div`d`et tn
surriuelaejs.
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D@\NILICIJQ
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PEL@VX\MELAEJ
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6>%
=2%
>% 7%
X\M\AX\AHX
6>0 daccaie p`ipc` mr` `stadmt`l ti f` vasumccyadpmar`l wirclwal`? 81 daccaie mr` fcael mel 66% ig p`ipc` cavaej watn fcaele`ss mr` mj`l 02 mel
mfiv`. G`dmc` rmtai as dir` tnme dmc`.
R@VH@E\MJ@ IG LAX
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\n` ZNI l`gae`s adpmar`l vasaie ae 0 hmt`jira`s?
Wasum
cmhuaty
Fcael spit t`st
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D`msur`d`et stmelmrls
@y` hmr` sp`hamcast d`msur` vasaie mhhirlaej ti 6 dmae stmelmrls?
X
Ats`l
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NPDME X@EX@X
MEL MVHNA\@H\PV
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Xajnt
Mvial jcmr` mel r`gc`htaie Rcmh` cajnt siurh`s ae cihmtaies ti mvial hr`mtaej
snmliws Lastrafut` cajnt c`v`cs tnriujniut lagg`r`et spmh`s
Aehcul` tmsk mel spit cajntaej Ps` ig ladd`r swathn`s
Cajntaej
Hiciur
Hiciur hietrmst ig :2% Hiciurs ti mvial usaej tij`tn`r
Cadat us` ig hiciur mel k``p hiciurshn`d` sadpc`
\`xtur` hira`etmtaie
Psaej dmt`
Psae
\iuhn
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Xiuel
Rrival` mhiustahmccy w`cc-l`gae`l pisataie at`ds
C`jafacaty
Hc`mr mel `msacy
uel`rstmelmfc` gciir pcme Hietaeuaty ae tn` pmtn mel
hidpc`t`cy gr`` ig meyifstmhc`s.
Xd`cc
X`esiry jmrl`e
Wicud`
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J@E@
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CA\@VM\PV@
HMX@ X\PLA@X
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NIPX@ E@MV E@Z QIVK, PX =1:>
Mrhnat`hts? Hnmrc`s Diir` mel Vahnmrl F Icav`r
V`quar`d`ets\n` hca`et, wni as titmccy fcael, nml twi dmae r`quar`d`ets gir tn`nid`?=. N` lal eit wmet at ti ciik cak` m nid` gir m fcael p`rsie6. N` wmet`l tn` l`saje ti `enmeh` nas ael`p`el`eh`
Hieh`pt
\i dmk` sid`tnaej tnmt hiucl f` g`ct ms w`cc ms f` s``e."Diir` mel Icav`r `evasaie`l tn` nius` ti nmv` m tmhtac` qumcaty tstaducmt` tn` hca`ets r`dmaeaej s`es`s mel prival` nad watn `xpcirm
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WAXAIE HMV@ H@E\V@, FVAX\IC, PK -=118
Mrhnat`hts? Mc`h Gr`ehn Rmrte`rsnap
V`quar`d`ets
Frastic Viymc Xiha`ty gir tn` Fcael as me ael`p`el`et mel cihmc vicuetmry itn` icl`st hnmraty ig ats kael ae Fratmae. X`rvah`s ti p`ipc` watn vasumc adpmargrmjd`et`l gir dmey y`mrs, tn`r`gir` tn` e``l mris` ti prival` m h`etr` wnwiucl f` mvmacmfc`.
Hieh`pt
\n` mrhnat`hts' dmae ifo`htav` wms ti hr`mt` mpc`msmet `evaried`et gir fcael mel pmrtamccy sajnt`lp`ipc` ti d``t mel aet`rmht watniut nmzmrlius ifstmhc`sae tn`ar pmtn.Nml ti f` gc`xafc`? e``l ti nius` dmey s`rvah`s uel`rie` riig.
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Xpmtamc Irjmeasmtaie
M hc`mr cae`mr harhucmtaie cmyiut caeks mcc riids mel spmh`s. Adpirtmet ira`etmtaie hcu`ti lrmw mtt`etaie ti sp`hagah hnmej`s.
Gciir t`xtur` hnmej`s mt tnas piaet, malaej fcael p`rsiesti al`etagy tn` mr`m.
Rrio`htaej `mv`s mel `xt`remc gax`l ciuv`rs r`luh` jcmr`mel m waeliw s`mt hr`mt`s m pcmh` ig al`etaty.
\n` mrrmej`d`et ig pufcah melpravmt` gmhacata`s, prival`s meuehidpcahmt`l mrrmej`d`et wn`r`hnmej`s ae c`v`c li eit pr`s`et memllataiemc naelrmeh` gir vasumccy adpmar`l
us`rs.
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\N@ VAHNMVL M\\@EFIVIPJN H@E\
LAXMFACA\Q MEL \N@ MV\X, PK - =
Mrhnat`hts? cme \mycir watn F`ee`tts Mssihamt`s.
Hieh`pt\n` mrhnat`hts' aet`etaie wms ti l`saje m fuaclaej tnmt wiucl gmhacat
mcciw gir `xpr`ssaie ig tn` us`rs ae tn` gird ig mrts, lmeh` mel lrmdm. \
tnmt tn` fuaclaej sniucl cagt ie`'s sparats. \n` mrhnat`hts wmet`l ti mvialfuaclaej watn l`vah`s gir lasmfc`l p`ipc` fut rmtn`r us` m suftc` mpprimwatn lasmfc`l us`rs watn 'pmssav`' l`saje `c`d`ets `esuraej tn` fuaclaej g
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Ae dmey fuaclaejs ig tnal`saje as shmrh`cy hiesastuly mhiustah l`saje wwatn hr`mtavaty r`suctaej hiddueahmt`s ti tn` vasus`rs.
Xuddmry
Z VIXX DMHLIEMCL XHNIIC GIV \N
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Z. VIXX DMHLIEMCL XHNIIC GIV \N
IE\MVAI, PEA\@L X\M\@X- 622Mrhnat`hts? J. Fruh` Xtrmttie Mrhnat`hts.
Hieh`pt\n` Z. Viss Dmhliemcl Xhniic gir tn` Fcael hidpras`s
fuaclaejs l`lahmt`l ti tn` `luhmtaie ig iv`r 622 vasumccy adpm\n` hieh`pt `dpciy`l aevicv`l tn` us` ig tn` saejc`-spae` pcguehtaies frmehn igg ie` saejc` harhucmtaie riut`. \nas cmyiut agicciw mel `msacy d`diras`l fy vasumccy adpmar`l us`rs. \n` mr`xpcir`l emvajmtaie tnriujn tiuhn wn`r` jualaej t`xtur`s g`mttn` wmccs mel uel`rgiit ti mal ira`etmtaie.
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Xuddmry
Emvajmtaie tnriujnt`xtur`
Cajntaej
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CAW@
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KME\NMVA AAX@ Aet`remtaiemc Aestatut` gir Xihamc @etr`pr`e`ur
Mrhnat`hts? Mr. R.F.Xmome - HIX\GIVL(H`etr` gir Xha`eh` melVurmc L`v`cipd`et)
W`ccmymea, \ravmelrud
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Cihmtaie? W`ccmymea, \ravmelrud
\n` AAX@ as cihmt`l mt Kmccayiir ie tn` W`ccmymea cmk` sal` mfiut=6kd grid \ravmelrud, tn` hmpatmc ig k`rmcm, Aelam.
Xat`? 6.>= mhr`sAt as fuact ms m sustmaemfc` fuaclaej ie tn` al`icijy ig tn` r`eiwe`lmrhnat`ht Cmura` Fmk`r mel l`saje`l fy HIX\GIVL.
Mhh`ss? =kd grid fus stip, ei muti stmelE`ajnfiuraej r`sal`etamc mr`m?Hmcd mel qua`t surriuelaejs
\ipijrmpny? Xcipaej tipijrmpny mel firl`r`lfy W`ccmymea Cmk`.
W`j`tmtaie? Hihieut, dmeji tr``, fmdfii, fmemem tr``
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XA\@ RCME
Giur ael`p`el`et fuaclaejs? V`s`mrhn fcihk Nist`c fcihk Ducta purpis` fcihk Mldaeastrmtaie fcihkGr`` gciw t`xtur`l pmtnwmy hiee`htaej mcc fcihks
Dmt`ramcs us`l gir hiestruhtaie ig fuaclaejs?
Dul, fmdfii, tnmthn riig; omcca wirk watn jcmss fcihksXustmaemfc` hiestruhtaie - cihmc dul frahks us`l gir struhtur`s
Itn`r gmhacata`s? Rcmy mr`m, IM\, fimt o`tty, iutliir jmtn`raej pcmh` pify sicmr pme`csJr`y wmt`r tr`mtd`et mel rmae wmt`r nmrv`staej
Gutur` pcme?
Riw`r arrajmtaie fy usaej sicmr pme`cs
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Nist`c Fcihk
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V`s
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Aeg`r`eh`
Cmyiut mel pcmeeaej Mad gir sadpc` cijahmc cmyiut wnahn as c`jafc` mel `msy ti emvajmt` Cae`mr pcmeeaej as dir` gmviurmfc` wnahn n`cp ae difacaty mel ira`etmtai
Vajnt mejc`l hire`rs mr` pr`g`rr`l rmtn`r tnme iftus` mel mhut` Znac` l`sajeaej hurv`l spmh`s `esur` tnmt tn` rmlaus as cmrj` `eiujn Cmrj` ip`e spmh`s sniucl f` frik`e liwe aeti sdmcc`r s`htaies
Zmckwmys mel pmtnwmys Mcc pmtnwmys sniucl nmv` m daeadud v`rtahmc hc`mrmeh` ig 622hd.
Ps` ig tmhtac` gciir surgmh` gir `msy difacaty K``p pmtnwmys hc`mr grid mey ifstmhc`s Gr``-stmelaej paccmrs ir pic`s sniucl f` fugg`r`l grid harhucmtaie riut`
tmhtac` aelahmtaie Ps` ig lagg`r`et dmt`ramcs ie pmv`d`ets ti l`dmrhmt` wmckwmys Hirralirs sniucl eit `el watn m cmrj` waeliw ir itn`r siurh`s ig mrtagah
cajnt.
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Aeg`r`eh`
@etrmeh`s
M tmhtac` aelahmtir pcmh`l ae griet ig tn` liir hme mcsi hidpc`d`et tn` mulatiry Lagg`r`et dmt`ramcs hme f` us`l ti l`gae` tn`ar pmtn
Gciir Xurgmh`s Dmtt-gaeasn ( scap-r`sastmet) gir mcc surgmh`s Hnmej` ae t`xtur` mt strmt`jah piaets Hietrmst f`tw``e tn` gciir mel wmcc surgmh`s ti mal ira`etmtaie
Zmccs, h`acaejs mel liirs
Mvial najncy r`gc`htav`, jcissy surgmh`s
Hietrmstaej liir grmd`s Hiesal`r liir hcis`rs ti `esur` liirs mr` eit c`gt ip`e ae harhucmtaie mr`ms Naej`l liirs sniucl ip`e aewmrls grid fusa`r mr`ms cak` giy`rs ti qua`t`r mr`m
Cmelshmp`
Rrip`r l`saje ig pmtnwmys watniut mey naelrmeh`s ir pritrulaej surgmh`s ie tn` Ae cmelshmpaej s`c`htaie gir pcmets sniucl f` dml` wnahn `enmeh`s icgmhtiry mel
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Aeg`r`eh`
Xtmarwmys mel rmdps Xtmarwmys sniucl f` `msy ti gael mel pcmh`l pr`g`rmfcy p`rp`elahucmr ir mt tn`
ig trmv`c Xtmar mr`m sniucl f` w`cc cat Mppcy scap r`sastmet hietrmstaej straps ti tn` tr`ml mt tn` eisaej ig `mhn st`p Nmelrmacs sniucl f` prival`l ie `atn`r sal`s mel sniucl `xt`el w`cc f`yiel tn`
st`p Mvial ip`e ras`rs mel eisaej watn capp`l `lj`s
Xajemj`
Cihmtaie ig saje sniucl f` pmrt ig tn` prih`ss ig pcmeeaej tn` fuaclaej Xniucl f` w`cc cat Xaje fimrl sniucl hietrmst watn tn` fmhkjriuel Xajes sniucl f` sadpc`, snirt, hiesast`et mel `msacy uel`rstiil usaej pr`shraf`
hiciur mel jrmpnah l`vah`s \mhtac` dil`cs, dmps hme f` m us`guc emvajmtaiemc tiic Psmj` ig frmacc`
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Aeg`r`eh`
Hiciur shn`d` E`utrmc hiciur shn`d` as pr`g`rr`l ti wmrd hiciurs Hietrmstaej hiciurs sniucl f` us`l ti l`dmrhmt` m pmrtahucmr spmh` wnahn n`cps
eisaej ig stmars, grmd`s ig liirs, `th.
Cajntaej
Frajnt`r cajntaej hme f` us`l mt dmae `etrmeh`s Mlipt cajntaej wnahn as jcmr` gr`` Risataie ig cajnt gaxtur`s sniucl f` prip`rcy l`saje`l Iv`r-n`ml cajntaej sniucl f` r`h`ss`l
Laggus`l emturmc cajnt (`j? us` ig v`rtahmc fcaels, waeliw taetaej,`th.)Mhiustahs Mvial aetrusav` c`v`cs ig fmhkjriuel eias` wnahn hme dmk` aet`rmhtaies watn itn`
ira`etmtaie laggahuct gir tn` us`rs.
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