Robert James

Rutgers

Date 3/26/2018

Contact rojames@hntb.com

(732) 689-1989

Disruptive Transportation Technologies

DISRUPTIVE FORCES AT WORK

• Technological advances offer both

challenges and opportunities for

transit clients

• Disruption can be negative if we

allow it to be

• The future is not something we can

leave to chance

Eight Game Changers

•Rail Signaling Technology (PTC/CBTC)•Automated Shuttles•Bus Automation•Connected Vehicle Solutions•Bus Electrification Facilities•Mobility Hubs• Integrated TNC Solutions• IoT/Big Data

Beginning of Connected Automated Vehicles

4

• I first Presented at ITS America 1994

• It was one of the FHWA Concept Families

• Showed how the infrastructure communications and vehicle sensor technology would evolve to give us Connected Automated Vehicles

MTA Genius Challenge

Connected Vehicles (CV) and Ultrawideband (UWB) for Location and Communication Based Train Control

Enhanced G

PS

vs U

WB

on 6

thA

ve

Enhanced GPS

Ultra-wideband

Phase 1

Non-proprietary

Standards Based

CV/UWB Many Vendors

Low Cost

WirelessIntegrated

Lighting

Rapid

Deployment

Non-vital Advanced

Cab Signaling

Phase 2

Vital

CBTC/PTC

CBTC and Cab Signaling

Co-locatio

n

Train to Wayside Communiction

(Location/Signal-Switch Indications)

Train to Train Communications

UWB Wayside

Transponder in

Existing Lighting

DSRC/CV Radio

Wayside Unit

Existing/New CBTCZone Controller or

Signals Field End Point

Up/Down StreamLocation Data

Co-location

CV/UWB On-board

Unit & Antenna

Advanced

Cab Signaling

Display

VOBC

Emergency

Brake

Speed

On-board Equipment (OBE)

Door

Controllerer

Maintenance

Bus

UWB Wayside

Transponder in

Existing Lighting

Total Situational Awareness

High accuracy low latency

UWB

• Train Spacing

• Safety –Total Situational Awareness

• Compatibility

• Cost

• Reliability & Resiliency

• Power & Space Constraints• Installation Time

Core Signaling Benefits

Public Benefits by 2020

• Onboard WiFi

• Safer efficient advanced

cab signaling

Public Benefits by 2024

• Safer automated control

• Trespasser detection

• More frequent service

Drone Inspection

and Maintenance

Other Benefits from CV & Total Situational Awareness

Right-of-way

Worker protection

Yard & Non-revenue

Equipment tracking

Public Onboard WiFi Precision asset

management and trackingTrespasser Detection

Phase 1

Just to name a few

• Challenges

• Dealing with signaling vendors – minimal in Phase 1 only

• Dealing with train car vendors – minimal in Phase 2 only

• Vital safety certification of new technology

• Costs

• Phase 1 - $100M - $200M – Communications deployment and Cab signaling

• Phase 2 - $100M - $200M – Full CBTC deployment

• Compare to $20 billion cost for current CBTC technologies

• Low life cycle maintenance costs

Biggest saving comes with easy installation in existing lighting during normal maintenance cycles. No major track outages for in track work and wiring.

Challenges and Costs

Retrofit Existing Monorail Structure

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Repurposing Existing Infrastructure

Jacksonville Transportation Authority :: Skyway

Jacksonville Transportation Authority :: Skyway

Repurposing Existing Infrastructure

APM – CV/AV ComparisonAPM CV/AV

Service Flexibility Fixed Route and ScheduleOn-Demand, Real-Time, Dynamic

Schedule

Vehicle Fleet Flexibility None Mixed Vehicle Size

Vendor Options Limited Many

Tracks, Interlocking, Switches, Electrical Substations, Power

Required Not Required

Longitudinal/Lateral Control Tracks Sensors and Algorithms

Aligned with Future Mobility Trends No Yes

Deployment Cost High Infrastructure Cost Minimal Infrastructure Cost

O&M Costs High Low

Construction Duration High Low

Deployments to DateMultiple Deployments in US and

Around the WorldMostly Short- and Long-Term Trials

in US and Around the World

NY/NJ AV Legislation N/AAV Testing Legal in NY

NJ Senate Bill Introduced

AUTOMATED SHUTTLES• Low-Speed, Multi-Passenger Vehicles

• Established Routes or Separate Facilities

• Operational in Heathrow, Las Vegas, Dubai, University of Michigan

• Use Cases and Services• First and last mile service• Circulation for campuses, residential developments and CBDs

• Current HNTB Projects – Planning Stage• JTA U2C Program• HART Shuttle• PennDOT – PSU Harrisburg• Smart Columbus• Foxconn Development (Wisconsin DOT)• JFK Airport

• Other Opportunities• Airports (APM replacement, access to airport landside services)• Treasure Island (SFCTA)• SWBID – District of Columbia DOT

Existing CV/AV Shuttle ExamplesLondon Heathrow POD ULTra PRT

Existing CV/AV Shuttle Examples

Heathrow Airport University of Michigan

Las Vegas

Existing CV/AV Shuttle ExamplesAmsterdam Schiphol Airport Rivium GRT - Parkshuttle

Existing CV/AV Shuttle Bus Options (Larger Vehicles – 24+ passengers)

Amsterdam Airport :: Mercedes-Benz Future Bus Eugene, Oregon :: EmX Articulated

Existing CV/AV Shuttle Bus Options (Mini Shuttles – 12 passengers)

Local Motors/Intel’s OlliHelsinki/Oslo/Tokyo - EZ-10 electric Mini

Buses

Netherlands ParkShuttle – 2getthere GRTGreece/Spain CityMobile2

CV/AV TechnologiesAutonomous Vehicles Connected

Vehicles

BusPlatooning UWB

BUS AUTOMATION

• Higher Speed on Dedicated Roadways or Lanes

• Slow Adoption Rate Among Bus Manufacturers and Clients

• Shuttle Makers Evaluating Market Opportunities to Fill Void

• Current HNTB Projects• Lincoln Tunnel Pilot Concept

• MDX XT Lane Concept

• HNTB Opportunities• Osceola County, FL

Connected Automated Deployment in NYC

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XBL thru NYC Lincoln Tunnel (1900 Bus retrofit through dedicated lane)

Automated Vehicles Components

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Safe Gap Separation Policy

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• Vehicles generate force fields based on individual vehicle dynamic capabilities and uncertainties

• Infrastructure exerts forces based on hard and soft delimiters

• Obstacles exert forces based on uncertainty from expected motion

Safe Gap Difference

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• Spacing maximized for safety

• Can get close together as density increases based on response capabilities and relative dynamic capabilities

• Lateral and longitudinal behavior is coupled

Response-time Safe Gap Spacing

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Ultrawideband in NYC

28 NYC CV Pilot use of Ultra-wideband https://youtu.be/ZycoQmnNo18

V2X Accuracy Not Sufficient

Enhanced GPS vs UWB on 6th Ave

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Enhanced GPS

Ultra-wideband

Sensor Limitations V2X & Sensor Fusion (Longitudinal)

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• Conventional Sensors (Radar, Vision, Lidar) have problems with weather, curves, hills, obstructions

• Connected V2X w/Ultra-wideband solve these scenarios

Stra

igh

t R

oad

Goo

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Ob

stac

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etec

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Cur

ved

Ro

ad

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tica

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Sno

w &

Rai

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Dir

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ind

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now

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Mer

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ond

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Sig

htM

ulti

ple

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ehic

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stac

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ians

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ad H

azar

ds/

Poth

ole

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nnel

s/U

rban

Can

yon

Spee

d L

imit

Det

ecti

on

Radar $

Vision $

LIDAR $$$

V2X $

UWB $

Longitudinal Control

Sensor Limitations V2X & Sensor Fusion (Lateral)

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• Conventional Sensors have problems with poor lane markings, work zones, merging, weather, obstructions, objects beyond line of sight

• Connected V2X w/Ultra-wideband solve these scenariosG

ood

Lan

e M

arki

ngs

Goo

d W

eath

er

Poo

r La

ne

Mar

king

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Rai

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Bey

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gnal

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ase

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Rai

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Ob

stac

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ians

Sign

al T

imin

g

Sign

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rio

rity

Trav

el L

ane

s

Radar $

Vision $

LIDAR $$$

V2X $

UWB $

Lateral Control Intersection

Uber Crash

Where are we going with Automated Vehicles?

•Near Term• Low-speed autonomous fixed route deployments•High-speed Semi-dedicated connected facilities•Automated Trains

•Mid Term• Low speed 1st/Last Mile On Demand Shuttles•Automated Vehicle Guideways replacing rail at

airports, subways, commuter rail and long haul• Long Term•Automated Mobility on Demand

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CONNECTED VEHICLE SOLUTIONS

• Signal Phase and Timing• Transit Signal Priority

• BRT Solutions

• Eco-Driving

• Safety Applications• Intersection Collision

Avoidance

• Queue Warnings

• Passenger Boarding

• Pedestrian Safety

• Congestion Reduction• Traveler Information

• Routing and Navigation

• Location Services

HNTB Project Examples:• NJDOT TSP/Connectivity• Tampa CV Pilot• Smart Columbus• FDOT FRAME Program

HNTB Opportunities:• Houston Metro BRT• HART

Transit Signal Priority/Emergency Vehicle Preemption

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1) Swap out existing telematics

unit with DSRC OBU

2) Install pedestrian

detection equipment

3) Install DSRC roadside

equipment interface to traffic

controller

4) OBU identifies

when intersection is

cleared

CV TSP Architecture

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Roadside Equipment

RSU

Management Center

Traffic Management Center

First Responder

Dispatch

Transit Management

Center

Integrated Data

Exchange

USDOT SCMS

State User

3rd Party User

Performance Metrics

Situational Status Reports

DSRC

Backhaul

TMC StaffEV DispatchTransit Staff

SystemStatus/Control

Certificate

Detection

Traffic Signal Controller

Pedestrian Detection

Equipment

SatelliteGNSS

Vehicle (with UI)

Transit VehiclePublic Safety Vehicle

OBUVeh Sys

EmergencyVehicle Operator& Transit Vehicle

Operator

UI

Ops Data Exch

Backhaul

Pedestrian

Backhaul

Satellite

Connected Vehicle TSP Architecture

Signal PriorityRequest(s)

Signal Status

On-Board Equipment

Light and Siren MonitorLight and Siren Monitor

Yes → Broadcast Signal PriorityNo → Do Nothing

Yes → Broadcast Signal PriorityNo → Do Nothing

Roadside EquipmentPriority Request ArbitratorPriority Request Arbitrator

Yes → Adjust Signal Timing Plan Respond with Signal StatusNo → Do Nothing

Yes → Adjust Signal Timing Plan Respond with Signal StatusNo → Do Nothing

GNSS

Time Sync andLocation

Time Sync

BUS ELECTRIFICATION FACILITIES

• Fast Charging Technologies

• Wireless Induction Capabilities• Needs relative to improvements in battery

technology

• Dynamic induction and direct propulsion

• Station and Maintenance Facility Opportunities• JFK Airport electrification of bus fleet

• San Francisco Zero Emission Vehicle Study

• Austin Texas Metra electrification

• JTA U2C electrification

• Smart Columbus

MOBILITY HUBS

• Centers for Shared Mobility Services• Transit station / stop• Car sharing• Bike sharing• TNC pick-up / drop-off• Automated shuttle service for FMLM or

circulation• Parking and charging facilities• Integrated multimodal information and

payment solutions

• HNTB Projects• MDX – MIC / Mini-MICs• Smart Columbus• Ft. Lauderdale

TRANSIT-TNC COLLABORATION

March 21, 2018 –

“Transit ridership fell in 31 of 35 major metropolitan areas in the U.S. last year…Between 2016 and 2017, ridership fell in each of the seven largest transit markets: New York, Chicago, Los Angeles, D.C., San Francisco, Boston and Philadelphia.”

• Experts point to improving economy, reliability issues, and TNCs

• Partnership and integration with transit (Chris Kopp study)• Off-Peak Solutions• First and Last Mile Solutions• Lesser Used Routes

• Transit agencies as regional mobility managers

• New, right-sized service mix• Combination of rail, BRT, fixed route,

FMLM shuttles, personalized services (PRT, TNCs, other mobility options)

• Dynamic, real-time solutions with high reliability

IoT/Big Data

• High Accuracy Location (UWB/5G)

• Large amounts of vehicle data

• Agency data sharing

• Probe data processing

• Cloud computing

• Blockchain processing

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Multi-Modal Solutions for the Future

• Smart City Solutions

• Automated, Connected, Electric and Shared Vehicles (ACES)• Largely driven by industry –

not government• Collaboration is required• Impacts on urban form and

land use, transportation system design, transit station design, airport design, parking, green space

Smart Columbus

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Questions?

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Robert James

Contact rojames@hntb.com

(732) 689-1989