disposal
DESCRIPTION
Disposal. Overview. Adapted from the FAD PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines: Disposal (2012). This Presentation. Responder roles and responsibilities Overview of disposal methods Selection considerations Classification of waste materials . Roles and Responsibilities . Incident Command System. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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DisposalOverview
Adapted from the FAD PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines: Disposal (2012)
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• Responder roles and responsibilities• Overview of disposal methods• Selection considerations• Classification of waste materials
USDA APHIS and CFSPHFAD PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines: Disposal - Overview
This Presentation
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Roles and Responsibilities
USDA APHIS and CFSPHFAD PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines: Disposal - Overview
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Incident Command System• Used to manage
people and resources
• Disposal Group personnel– Operations
Section– Vary depending
on incident size and scope
USDA APHIS and CFSPHFAD PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines: Disposal - Overview
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• Disposal Group Supervisor–Makes disposal method
recommendations– Organizes and directs disposal activities
• Disposal Group Team Leader– Ensures disposal procedures are
carried out• Team Members– Perform disposal activities
USDA APHIS and CFSPHFAD PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines: Disposal - Overview
Disposal Group Personnel
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• Cooperation and communication– State Veterinarian– State Agency for Environmental
Protection– Appraisal Group and Compensation Unit– Euthanasia Group– Biosecurity Group– Cleaning and Disinfection Group
USDA APHIS and CFSPHFAD PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines: Disposal - Overview
Preparation
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Specific Disposal Methods
USDA APHIS and CFSPHFAD PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines: Disposal - Overview
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• Decomposition method– Carcasses placed between layers of
carbon rich organic materials– Aerobic process – Nitrogen provided
by carcasses– Carbon provided
by plant materials (co-compost/cover materials)
USDA APHIS and CFSPHFAD PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines: Disposal - Overview
Composting Overview
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• Uses heat to convert carcasses into – Protein-based solids–Water–Melted fat/tallow
• Inedible products• Dry rendering• Batch or continuous
throughput USDA APHIS and CFSPHFAD PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines: Disposal - Overview
Rendering Overview
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• Three types of permitted landfills– Construction and
demolition– Hazardous waste–Municipal solid waste• Used for catastrophic
carcass disposal
USDA APHIS and CFSPHFAD PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines: Disposal - Overview
Permitted Landfill Overview
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• Carcasses or waste materials placed in trench, earthen hole, or pit
• Buried materials degrade over time
• Leachate produced– Groundwater
contamination possible• Heavy equipment
needed USDA APHIS and CFSPHFAD PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines: Disposal - Overview
Unlined Burial Overview
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• High-temperature combustion • Three methods– Fixed facility incineration• Highly controlled and effective
– Open-air (uncontrolled) burning• Poorly controlled, negative air quality effects
– Air-curtain incineration • Forced air and fuel improve efficiency
USDA APHIS and CFSPHFAD PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines: Disposal - Overview
Thermal Methods Overview
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• Disposal options in development– Lactic acid fermentation– Gasification– In situ plasma vitrification– Alkaline hydrolysis
• Drawbacks– Expensive– Used in highly specialized operations– Sized for routine use
USDA APHIS and CFSPHFAD PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines: Disposal - Overview
Novel Disposal Methods
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Site-Specific Disposal Method Selection Criteria
USDA APHIS and CFSPHFAD PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines: Disposal - Overview
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• Regional limitations• Safety considerations• Animals to be disposed– Biomass (including by-products)– Equipment– Species– Personnel
• Temporary storage
USDA APHIS and CFSPHFAD PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines: Disposal - Overview
Disposal Method Selection
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• Environmental– Air and water quality– Soil integrity
• Biosecurity– Transportation (human/vehicular traffic)–Wildlife and scavengers– Impact human and/or animal health
USDA APHIS and CFSPHFAD PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines: Disposal - Overview
Avoiding Negative Impacts
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Waste Classificationand Disposal
USDA APHIS and CFSPHFAD PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines: Disposal - Overview
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• All non-nuclear waste designated as “solid”– Hazardous (solid) waste–Medical/infectious
(solid) waste• Utilize professionals
to help classify waste
USDA APHIS and CFSPHFAD PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines: Disposal - Overview
Classification Overview
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• Waste materials can include:– Liquid wastes (milk, wastewater, etc.)–Manure, litter, slurry– Livestock feeds
• Disposal methods vary according to pathogen –May include burning, burial, composting,
or landfilling
USDA APHIS and CFSPHFAD PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines: Disposal - Overview
Associated Waste Materials
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• FAD PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines & SOP: Disposal (2012)– http://www.aphis.usda.gov/animal_h
ealth/emergency_management/
• Disposal web-based training module– http://naherc.sws.iastate.edu/
USDA APHIS and CFSPHFAD PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines: Disposal - Overview
For More Information
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Authors• Reneé Dewell, DVM, MS (CFSPH)• Tom Glanville, PhD (Iowa State
University)
Significant contributions to the content were provided by USDA APHIS VS:• Lori P. Miller, PE• Darrel K. Styles, DVM, PhD
USDA APHIS and CFSPHFAD PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines: Disposal - Overview
Guidelines Content
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AcknowledgmentsDevelopment of this presentation was by the Center for Food Security and Public Health at Iowa State University through funding from the USDA APHIS Veterinary Services
PPT Author: Kerry Leedom Larson, DVM, MPH, PhD, DACVPMReviewers: Janice Mogan, DVM; Reneé Dewell, DVM, MS