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Hnspcrntnls | 3

Hnspcrntnls0

Vcnh ckh \kpcnh Ocbjur nk tml Gckchnck Ockhsgcpl

Cutmjr0Icx Pmu

Hr. Vmnonp A. Dlooy, Grystco Ilovnool

Icrgm 25, 2638

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Hnspcrntnls | 7

lxcipol, tml uknvlrsnty gjktrnbutls jvlr $3.2=> bnoonjk tj Mcinotjks erjss hjilstng prjhugt

(EHV) cs c mub ajr gcpntco ckh rlslcrgm nkvlstilkts.

2661 Glksus hctc ajr Mcinotjk hlsgrnbls c wjrdnke gocss hjinkctlh by nkhnvnhucos

bltwllk tml cels ja 86 ckh 88. >8 plrglkt ja tml pjpuoctnjk crl Gckchnck gntnzlks, wntm 58

plrglkt rlpjrtnke tmlislovls cs wmntl jr Gcugcsnck rcgl. Jkl qucrtlr ja tml gnty ns niinerckts4

mjwlvlr, 1< plrglkt crl Gckchnck rlsnhlkts prnjr tj 3>>3, olh by Wjutm Csncks ckh Bocgd

pljpols. Inerctnjk ns ojw nk Mcinotjk cs tml ic`jrnty (17 plrglkt) ja ojgcos rlsnhlh nk tml scil

chhrlss anvl ylcrs cej wmnol 2< plrglkt ja ijvlrs wlrl cgrjss tml scil glksus subhnvnsnjk (gnty).

Envlk nts prjxninty tj IgIcstlr, mjwlvlr, ajrico lhugctnjk ns surprnsnkeoy ojw cs c ilrl 3 ylcrs erlctlr tmck tml prjvnkgl.

Vjpuoctnjk hlksnty ns ojw cs ijst rlsnhlkts (18 plrglkt) rlsnhl nk snkeol-hltcgmlh mjils. Xj bl

lxpocnklh octlr, tml smcpl ckh snzl ja klnembjurmjjhs ns grntngco nk grcatnke sjgnco ckh elkhlr

kjris cgrjss hnaalrlkt eljercpmnls. Wcuot Wcnktl Icrnl cosj bjcsts ck cbjvl-cvlrcel Cbjrnenkco

pjpuoctnjk (= plrglkt jvlrcoo), nk chhntnjk tj c mnemoy aoulkt wjrdajrgl cs klcroy =8 plrglkt

rlpjrtlh Lkeonsm cs tmlnr ijtmlr tjkeul.

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Hnspcrntnls | 8

Cs smjwk nk tml hctc, ojw lcrknkes ckh pjvlrty crl dly gjkglrks nk Wcuot Wcnktl Icrnl.

Xml cvlrcel vcoul ja c mjil ns $315,85>. Nk

chhntnjk, jkl-plrsjk mjuslmjohs lcrklh $22,25= nk prl-tcx nkgjil nk 2661, $=1) lxnsts cijke lvlry 8.77 joh mjils (prl-3>=1)4 nk gjipcrnsjk, tml rctnj ns

3 tj 1.2> nk Wcuot Wcnktl Icrnl ckh 3 tj 7.83 nk Mcinotjk, ukch`ustlh ajr tml jvlrcoo kuiblr ja

hwloonkes. Ckjtmlr dly hnstnkgtnjk ajr Xjrjktj ns nts nkgjil hnstrnbutnjk kjtcboy, gjupol

mjuslmjohs wntm gmnohrlk jkoy lcrklh $7,=26 ijrl tmck gjupol mjuslmjohs wntmjut gmnohrlk.

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Hnspcrntnls | = plrglkt ja coo `jbs nk Mcinotjk ckh jaalr c

pcrtnco lxpockctnjk tj Mcinotjksojw alicol pcrtngnpctnjk rctl, cs c qucrtlr ja coo lipojyilkt ns

pmysngcooy-nktlksnvl ckh tmus ijrl chvcktceljus tj icols. Jk tml jtmlr lkh, ojw IA rctnjs

(blojw 6.3) mnrlh 1=,=86 alicols ckh crl hjinkctlh by kursnke ckh hctc lktry pjsntnjks. Xml

olcst hnsgrninkctjry jggupctnjks (wntm c IA rctnj bltwllk 6.> ckh 3.3) crl rlstcurckt ckh ajjh

slrvngl ickcelrs, ejvlrkilkt prjerci jaanglrs, golcklrs, ckh ankckgnco cuhntjrs ckh cggjuktckts.

\kpcnh acinoy wjrd ns glktrconzlh nk busnklss rjols ckh gjipjslh c vlry sicoo pjrtnjk ja

Mcinotjkncks. Nt ns mnemoy alinknkl cs wloo, cs 3,=5< alicols wjrdlh auoo-tnil plr lvlry icol nk

tmns wjrdnke gocss.

Nk Wcuot Wcnktl Icrnl, E, B ckh M crl tml hjinkckt gocssls ja lipojyilkt, lipojynke

28,686 (jr 16 plrglkt) ja coo lipojylh nkhnvnhucos. Wcols, slrvngl ckh golrngco jggupctnjks olh coo

jggupctnjkco subgocssls wmnol tml snkeol, ocrelst jggupctnjk ns E233 (rltcno scolsplrsjks).

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Rloctnvl tj Mcinotjk, gocss G (kcturco ckh cpponlh sgnlkgls) ns c sneknangckt pjrtnjk ja

lipojyilkt nk tml gnty (1.=> plrglkt) wmnol jvlr 371 jtmlr jggupctnjks hnh kjt lipojy cky

nkhnvnhucos nkgouhnke mnem-tlgm lolgtrjkng csslibolrs ckh pljpol nkvjovlh nk tml crts. Jkl

nktlrlstnke nksnemt ns tml cbslkgl ja inknke, jno ckh ecs suplrvnsjrs. Envlk tmct tmlsl nkhustrnls

crl ocrel lipojylrs ja tml gnty, ijst ickcelilkt olvlo jggupctnjks crl anoolh by prjalssnjkcos

onvnke nk jtmlr glksus hnvnsnjks. Ckjtmlr jbslrvctnjk ns tml golcr hnvnsnjk ja ocbjur nk ojw-

lhugctnjk pjsntnjks. Kj icols crl lipojylh cs bcbysnttlrs, plrsjkklo wjrdlrs (muick rlsjurgls)

jr onbrcrncks4 nk chhntnjk, coo slgrltcrnls nk tml gnty crl alicol. Xml strlketm ja c slxuco hnvnsnjk ns

ocbjur ns vlry lvnhlkt nk rlsjurgl gntnls, sugm cs Wcuot Wcnktl Icrnl, ckh icy bl cttrnbutcbol tj

tml cttntuhls, lhugctnjk ckh cvcnocbol ajris ja lipojyilkt jppjrtukntnls.

Ocbjur pcrtngnpctnjk ns 17 ckh

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Hnspcrntnls | =

(307.3>) hjicnks wmnol icols crl ijrl ondloy tj bl lipojylh nk lkenkllrnke (1.2>03) jr

nkajrictnjk sgnlkgl (3.103).

Jvlrcoo, Mcinotjk ckh Xjrjktj icnktcnk icky smcrlh gmcrcgtlrnstngs. Nk pcrtnguocr, c mnem

niinerckt pjpuoctnjk nk bjtm rlenjks icy bl c strjke acgtjr nk onkdnke tml rlenjks alicol

pcrtngnpctnjk (.< ckh 16) ckh lipojyilkt (

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Hnspcrntnls | >

crl gjktrjoolh tj hlrnvl pcttlrks nk mjw sjgnco rloctnjksmnps nipongctl jkls wnoonkeklss tj lcrk

cotlrkctnvl wcels.

\kpcnh mjuslwjrd0

Cgrjss tml tmrll gntnls, c gjrrloctnjk cpplcrs wmlrl nkgrlcsnke hlickhs ja mjuslwjrd ns

jaaojchlh tj alicol wnvls jr gjiijk-ocw pcrtklrs nkstlch ja icols. IA rctnjs, nk rlecrhs tj

mjuslwjrd, nkgrlcsl arji 6.7 tj 7.82 ajr wjrdnke gjupols bltwllk 6 tj 16 jr ijrl mjurs ja

ukpcnh mjuslwjrd. Xmns rckel ns ijst vnsnboy jbslrvlh nk Mcinotjk cs 81,33< (8.5

plrglkt ja wjrdnke snkeol actmlrs pcrtngnpctl nk ukpcnh mjuslwjrd, tml ic`jrnty ja ijtmlrs tcdl

jk anvl tj 2> mjurs ckh up tj 3.11 tnils erlctlr tmck icols nk lcgm gctlejry, ch`ustlh ajr

hnaalrlkgls nk pjpuoctnjk snzl.

Nk Wcuot Wcnktl Icrnl, wjrdnke musbckhs crl cgtnvloy lkecelh nk mjuslwjrd cs wjrdnke

wnvls nkgur c icxniui ja 2.= tnils tml kuiblr ja icols wntm tml scil nkvlstilkt. Ijrl

lquconty ns jbslrvlh bltwllk < tj 2> mjurs ja mjuslwjrd cgrjss elkhlr onkls. \kajrtukctloy,

jkoy >6 plrglkt ja snkeol wjrdnke actmlrs lkecel nk mjuslwjrd ckh kj hnstnkgt hnstrnbutnjk ns

jbslrvlh. Xmns aneurl ns sninocr tj tml mjuslwjrd pcrtngnpctnjk rctl nk Xjrjktj ajr tmlsl

nkhnvnhucos (>3.3 plrglkt) cs wloo. Vcttlrks nk Xjrjktj ajr spjusls crl sninocr tj aneurls nk

Mcinotjk cs wjrdnke wjilk cowcysgjkhugt ijrl ukpcnh mjuslwjrd tmck icol gjuktlrpcrts

kj icttlr tml olketm ja gjiintilkt. Xmns ns trul lvlk catlr ch`ustilkts ja hnaalrlkgls rloctlh tj

pjpuoctnjk snzls.

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Nk Mcinotjk, ukpcnh gmnoh gcrl ns c prlhjinkcktoy alicol cgtnvnty cs tml hlickhs ja

gmnohrlk rnsl. \p uktno 3< tj 2> mjurs, wjrdnke actmlrs crl wloo-lkecelh nk gjktrnbutnjk4

klvlrtmlolss, nkgrlcslh cttlktnjk ns ilt tmrjuem tml wjrdnke ijtmlrs scgrnangl cs tml ch`ustlh

AI rctnj nkgrlcsls wmlk ijrl mjurs crl kllhlh. Ijtmlrs crl ijrl nkgonklh tj jvlrojch tmlnr 28-

mjur gojgd nk tmlnr cttlipt tj bcockgl twj ajris ja auoo-tnil (jr auoo-tnil ckh pcrt-tnil) wjrd

lksunke nk c pjtlktnco hrjp nk jvlrcoo wloo-blnke ckh sctnsacgtnjk. Xmns hnaalrlkgl ns cosj kjtlh

hurnke uklipojyilkt. Umlrlcs uklipojylh ijtmlrs smnat tmlnr pcnh wjrdnke mjurs tjwcrhs

ukpcnh gcrl mjurs, uklipojylh actmlrs cpplcr olss aolxnbol nk rlhnrlgtnke tmlnr tnil cvcnocbnonty.

Xmns ns jbslrvlh tmrjuem c ajurajoh nkgrlcsl nk tml AI rctnj bltwllk 3< tj 2> mjurs ckh 76 tj

mjurs. Umlk bjtm elkhlrs acoo jut ja tml wjrdajrgl, tml scil pmlkjilkjk plrsnsts. Umnol

ijtmlrs chjpt sugm cotlrkctnvl wjrd auoo-tnil, 16.3 plrglkt ja actmlrs hj kjt prjvnhl cky mjurs

ja ukpcnh gmnoh gcrl ckh, wmlk hjkl sj, crl jkoy ondloy tj suppoy up tj 38 mjurs plr wlld.

Wninocr pcttlrks lxnst nk Wcuot Wcnktl Icrnl. Gjipcrnke tml AI rctnjs wntm Mcinotjk,

grjss-elkhlr gjipcrnsjks ja gcrl crl olss lxtrlil cs wjrdnke actmlrs crl ijrl rlspjksnvl tj

tmlnr gmnohrlk ckh tmlnr tnil hlickhs. Xmns ns coneklh tj tml gntys gmcrcgtlrnstngs nk rlecrhs tj

mjuslwjrd hnstrnbutnjk. Hurnke uklipojyilkt, ijtmlrs nk Wcuot Wcnktl Icrnl crl ijrl ondloy tj

hnrlgtoy chjpt tmns ajri ja cotlrkctnvl wjrd cs c auoo-tnil rlspjksnbnonty, cs hlijkstrctlh tmrjuem

c sneknangckt AI rctnj nk tml 16 mjurs jr ijrl gctlejry. Xmly crl cosj ijrl nkvjovlh tmck

actmlrs wmlk cbslkt nk tml wjrd ajrgl4 mjwlvlr, nk gjipcrnsjk tj Mcinotjk, actmlrs nk Wcuot

Wcnktl Icrnl crl ijrl aolxnbol nk cssuinke c auoo-tnil `jb cs c actmlr.

Xml olcst pcrtngnpctnvl actmlrs crl jbslrvlh nk Xjrjktj. Umnol jkoy 2=.1 plrglkt nkvlst 6

mjurs nk ukpcnh gmnoh gcrl hurnke lipojyilkt, 73.8 plrglkt cvjnh gmnoh gcrl hurnke

uklipojyilkt ckhlvlk ijrl.2 plrglkt crl kjk-pcrtngnpctnvl wmlk jut ja tml wjrd ajrgl.

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Gjkslqulktoy, erlctlr burhlks crl pocglh jk tml ijtmlr ckh sugm strlssls crl iceknanlh na sml

ickcels jkl ajri ja pcnh wjrd. Xmlrl ns cosj c sneknangckt kuiblr ja ijtmlrs tmct chjpt 16 jr

ijrl mjurs ja ukpcnh gmnoh gcrl nk Xjrjktj, wmlk cbslkt arji tml wjrd ajrgl4 wmlrlcs AI rctnjs

crl 7.27 jr 33.< nk tml jtmlr gntnls, tmlrl crl 33.= tnils ijrl Xjrjktj ijtmlrs tmct hlvjtl tmlnr

wjrdnke hcy tjwcrhs rcnsnke tmlnr gmnohrlk, gjipcrlh tj actmlrs wntm tml scil ocbjur ajrgl

cgtnvnty.

Icol rlougtckgl tj nkgrlcsl nkvjovlilkt mcs bllk lxpocnklh nk tlris ja tmlnr sloa-

plrglptnjk. C stuhy tntolh Xml Ejjh Vrjvnhlr Rjol0 Nts Rnsl ckh Acooby @lssnl Blrkcrh nk 3>=3

lxpocnklh mjw icrrnlh icols rlcgt klectnvloy nk uklipojyilkt. Ilk crl lvcouctlh by

tmlislovls ckh jtmlrs nk tlris ja tmlnr sugglss ct blnke tml prnicry prjvnhlrs ajr tmlnr

acinonlswmlk ilk lxplrnlkgl c tmrlct tj tml prjvnhlr nhlktnty, tmly icy gjiplksctl ajr tmns

ojss ja pjwlr by rlausnke tj pcrtngnpctl nk mjuslmjoh ocbjr. Xml strjkelr tml tmrlct tj c icks

ankckgnco nhlktnty, tml olss ml gck caajrh tj aurtmlr tmrlctlk nt by hjnke wjilks wjrd (Jrbugm

ckh Gustlr 777-78

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Hnspcrntnls | 37

jkoy cvcnocbol tj boul-gjoocr wjilk wmj onvl nk mnem jrecknzctnjk klnembjurmjjhs nk wmngm

klnembjurs nktlrcgt arlqulktoy, smcrl gjiijk nktlrlsts, ckh crl nkvjovlh nk tml ocrelr

gjiiuknty (Xcre 85-16). Lxtlkhnke tmns nhlc tj uklipojylh icols, onal nk urbck glktrls sugm

cs Xjrjktj (wntm 7,>57 plrsjks plr squcrl dnojiltrl) chhs ukwcrrcktlh sjgnco stneic smjuoh c

icol stlp cwcy arji tmlnr lxplgtlh nhlktnty nk tmlnr ojgco gjiiuknty.

\kpcnh cssnstckgl tj slknjrs0

Wlknjr gcrl ns jbslrvlh nk ajur erjups0 icrrnlh wntm gmnohrlk, icrrnlh wntmjut gmnohrlk,

ojkl pcrlkts ckh snkeol. Lcgm erjup cttlipts tj hlsgrnbl tml burhlk ja gmnohrlk jk icols ckh

alicols nk lcgm gnty, by tmlnr nkaoulkgl jk tnil cvcnocbnonty ajr slknjr gcrl. Lipojyilkt ns

cssuilh nk lcgm sglkcrnj, nk jrhlr tj icdl jbslrvctnjks ukhlr icxniui tnil gjkstrcnkts.

Xmrjuem c gcoguoctnjk ja tml prjpjrtnjk ja icols ckh alicols tmct pcrtngnpctl nk lcgm tnil

gctlejry, lipojylh spjusls wntm gmnohrlk crl tml ijst cgtnvl nk tcdnke gcrl ja slknjrs wntm ck

cvlrcel lkecelilkt rctl ja 28 plrglkt. Xmns icy bl ocreloy cttrnbutlh tj tml rjol ja gmnohrlk cs

pcrlkts wjuoh jatlk brnke tmli tj sll tmlnr erckhpcrlkts. Nt ns aurtmlr suppjrtlh by jbslrvnke tml

tnil gjiintilkts4 cs slknjr gcrl wcs kjt tml icnk purpjsl, tml ic`jrnty ja tnil splkt goustlrs

blojw < mjurs. Jk tml jtmlr mckh, wjrdnke, snkeol ilk wntm kj gmnohrlk crl tml olcst lkecelh

wntm slknjr gcrl. Xmns hjls kjt ilck tmly hj kjt vnsnt tmlnr pcrlkts, mjwlvlr, cs tmly icy bl

onvnke wntm tmli. Nk chhntnjk, alw icols nk tmlnr 26s (wntm kj gmnohrlk) crl ondloy tj mcvl pcrlkts

jvlr 1< ylcrs ja cel.

Jk ck ceerlectl olvlo, elkhlr mcs onttol nkaoulkgl nk tnil splkt csnhl arji sonemtoy ijrl

alicol pcrtngnpctnjk nk Kj mjurs ja ukpcnh gcrl. Gjktrcry tj ck lcronlr mypjtmlsns, mjwlvlr, c

mnem urbck hlksnty ckh erlctlr cgglssnbnonty tj slknjrs hnh kjt lkgjurcel ijrl nkvjovlilkt nk

slknjr gcrl nk Xjrjktj. Xmns ns pjssnboy hul tj tml kcturl ja `jbs4 cs Xjrjktjs gjrl lgjkjiy ns

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Hnspcrntnls | 38

hrnvlk jk bckdnke ckh lgjkjiy (wmlrl prj`lgt-bcslh cssnekilkts crl mnem), jvlrtnil ns c

arlqulkt pmlkjilkjk. Nt ns gjipcrcbol tj Icycs hcy cs c ocwylr wntm c \.W. ocw anri nk tmns

gmcptlr4 wntm erlctlr aolxnbnonty nk wjrd hlickhs, olss cttlktnjk ns coojgctlh tj lcrknke cotlrkctnvl

wcelslsplgncooy na pcnh wcels crl cbol tj caajrh icky ja onals lxplgtctnjks. Xmns ns gjktrcry

tj tml ickuacgturnke ckh rlsjurgl lxtrcgtnjk nkhustrnls wmngm hjinkctl Mcinotjk ckh Wcuot

Wcnktl Icrnl. Nktlksnvl ocbjur rleuoctnjks onint tml mjurs lcgm plrsjk gck wjrd ckh, cs c rlsuot,

ajris c inkniui cijukt ja arll tnil nk tml 28-mjur gojgd.

Gjkgousnjk

Xml slxuco hnvnsnjk ja ocbjur mcs bllk prlhjinkcktoy hnsgusslh tmrjuem c gjipcrnsjk ja

pcnh ckh ukpcnh wjrd strugturls nk tmrll hnaalrlkt lgjkjing rlenjks nk Jktcrnj. Jkoy c alw

hnstnkgt hnaalrlkgls crl cssjgnctlh nk lcgm eljercpmngco gjktlxt4 ajr tml ijst pcrt, slerlectnjk nk

pcnh wjrd ns hltlrinklh by tml kcturl ja wjrd, ckh wjrd jppjrtukntnls wmnol ukpcnh wjrd

rlicnks c alicol rlspjksnbnonty, wmltmlr jr kjt lipojyilkt ns nkvjovlh. Xml ceerlectl ckcoysns

smcrlh nk tmns pcplr hjls kjt rlaolgt tml hlgnsnjks ja nkhnvnhuco acinonls, mjwlvlr, cs tmlsl

acinonls wnoo coojgctl tnil tj ukpcnh wjrd nk c ickklr tmct icxninzls mjuslmjoh utnonty. Xml

spjusl tmct ns cbol tj elklrctl tml mnemlst icrenkco lgjkjing vcoulwnoo ondloy slrvl cs tml

brlchwnkklr jr mlch ja tml acinoy (Wckhlr -

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Hnspcrntnls | 3)0 277--116)

Mjjd, @lkknalr O. "Ilk's \kpcnh Ujrd nk 26 Gjuktrnls, 3>1

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Wtctnstngs Gckchc, 2661 Glksus ja Vjpuoctnjk, Wtctnstngs Gckchc gctcojeul kj. >5-