disorders of the digestive system hct ii. appendicitis an acute inflammation of the appendix s&s...
TRANSCRIPT
Appendicitis• An acute inflammation of the appendix
• S&S• Abdominal pain (generalized at first and then localized to lower
right quadrant)• Nausea and Vomiting’• Mild fever • Elevated WBC count
**** If an appendix ruptures infectious material will spread into the peritoneal cavity and cause peritinitis.
Treatment- Appendectomy
Cholecystitis• An inflammation of the gallbladder.
• Cholelithiasis- gallstones (formed from crystalized cholesterol, bile salts and bile pigments)
• S&S • Indigestion• Nausea and vomiting• Pain under the rib cage that may radiate to the right shoulder
• Treatment• Low fat diet• Lithotripsy (shock waves used to break up gallstones)• Cholecystectomy- Removal of the gallbladder
Constipation• When fecal material remains in the colon too long
• Causes excessive reabsorption of water• The feces becomes hard and dry making it difficult to eliminate
• Causes-• Poor bowel habits• Chronic laxative use • A low fiber diet• Digestive diseases
• Treatment• Fluids• Exercise• High fiber diet
Diarrhea• Frequent watery stools
• Causes• Stress• Infection• Irritated colon• Diet• Toxic substances
• Treatment• Eliminating cause• Adequate fluid intake• Diet changes
Diverticulitis• Inflammation of the diverticulum (sacs that form the
intestine as the mucosal lining pushes through)
• Causes• Fecal material getting caught in the diverticuli, causing
inflammation
• S&S• Abdominal pain• Irregular bowel movements• Gas• Constipation or diarrhea• Nausea and vomiting
Diverticulitis
• Treatment• Antibiotics• Stool softeners• Pain medication• High fiber diet• Possible surgery to remove
affected colon
Hepatitis• A viral inflammation of the liver
• Type A or infectious hepatitis (HAV)• Highly contagious• Spread in food, water and contaminated feces\• Usually self limiting
• Type B or serum hepatitis (HBV)• Transmitted through body fluids (blood saliva, urine, vaginal secretions, breast
milk) • Can lead to chronic hepatitis or cirrhosis of the liver
• Type C or HCV • Spread through blood or body fluids• Usually from sharing needles or getting stuck with a contaminated needle• From mom to infant during childbirth.• More likely to cause chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis or both
Hepatitis
S&S
• Fever• Loss of appetite (anorexia)• Nausea and vomiting• Fatigue• Dark colored urine• Clay colored stool• Myalgia (muscle pain)• Enlarged liver• Jaundice
Treatment
• Rest• High protein diet• Low fat diet• Possible liver transplant• Vaccine for A and B
Hernia• An internal organ pushes through a weakened area or
natural opening in the body
• Hiatal hernia- when the stomach protrudes through the diaphragm and chest cavity through the opening for the esophagus
• S&S • Heartburn• Stomach distention• Chest pain• Difficulty swallowing
Hiatal hernia• Treatments
• Bland diet• Small frequent meals• Staying upright after eating• Surgical repair
Pancreatitis• Inflammation of the pancreas
• Pancreatic enzymes begin to digest the pancreas itself• Pancreas becomes necrotic, inflamed and edematous.
• Causes • Excessive alcohol consumption• Gallstones blocking the pancreatic duct• Idiopathic (Unknown)
• S&S• Abdominal pain radiating to the shoulder blades• Nausea• Vomiting• jaundice
Treatment
Gallstones
• Cholecystectomy
Idiopathic or alcoholism
• Pain medication’• Nutritional support
Prognosis is poor for this type of pancreatitis
Column A Column B
_____ When gallstones form from crystalized cholesterol A. Hepatitis A
_____ Frequent watery stools B. Pancreatitis
_____Feces becomes hard, dry and difficult to eliminate C. Cholecystitis
____ Chronic destruction of liver cells with accompanied scar tissue D. Hepatitis C
____ Idiopathic in origin or from alcoholism or gallstones E. Hemorrhoids
____Inflammation of the sacs that form from the mucosal lining pushing through F. Hernia Surrounding muscle G. Diverticulitis ____ No Vaccine H. Cirrhosis ____ A viral infection of the liver I. Diarrhea _____Highly contagious and usually spread through contaminated food, water or feces J. Appendicitis _____ Pancreatic enzymes digest the pancreas itself _____ When and internal organ pushes though weakened area ____ a liver transplant may be necessary from these two diseases ____ a varicose vein in the rectum ____ poor outcome when cause is unknown or from excessive drinking ____ Inflammation of the appendix usually from and obstruction and infection