disinvestment policy
TRANSCRIPT
Disinvestment policy of India
Abhishek DhulekarAchal RameshAdhvaith HattiangadiAmit SinghAnand Raorane
What is Disinvestment ?•The process of reducing the stake of
Government in PSUs /PSEs through sale of equity
•Disinvestment may be aimed at dilution or tranfer of government ownership
•Thus Disinvestment can lead to partial or complete disinvestment
•It may be inferred that Disinvestment is a Process whereas Privatision is one of its aim
What is PSU ?•The public sector is the part of economic and
administrative life that deals with the delivery of goods and services by and for the government
•After independence and with the advent of planning, India opted for a public sector oriented planning
• It was believed that a dominant public sector would reduce the inequality of income and wealth, and advance the general prosperity of the nation
Problems faced by PSUs
• Under utilization of Capacity
• Problem related to planning and construction of projects
• Problems of labour, personnel and management Lack of autonomy
• Low Productivity. Low capacity utilization and low efficiency
• Low rate of return on capital. Large number of loss making firms
Why Disinvestment ?• Poor Performance of the Public Sector Units
• Public sector undertakings have shown a very negative rate of return on capital employed
• Government must not enter into those areas where the private sector can perform better
• Government resources locked in commercial activities should be released for their deployment in social activities
• Huge amount of debt overhang, which needs to be serviced and reduced before money is available to invest in infrastructure
Objective of Disinvestment
• To reduce the financial burden on government
• To improve public finances
• To introduce, competition and market discipline
• To find growth
• To encourage wider share of ownership
• To de-politicise essential services
Disinvestment - Types
•Offer for sale to Public at fixed price▫The government holds the sale of the equity
shares to the publicat large at a pre determined price
•Strategic sale▫Significant management rights are transferred
to the investor• International offering
▫This is essentially targeted at the FII (issue of GDRs)
•Asset Sale and Winding up▫Done by the process of auction or tender
History
• Evolved through Finance ministers in Budget speeches
• 1991-92: Upto 20% divestment in selected PSU’s through mutual funds and institutional investors
• 1992-93: FII’s were included
• April 93: Rangarajan Committee recommended to divest upto 49% for explicitly public sector industries and over 74% in other industries
• 1996-97: Disinvestment committee was set up for 3 year period
History
•16th March 1999: Government decided to reduce its shareholding in non-strategic CPSEs to 26%▫Strategic CPSEs covered
1. Defence equipment, arms and ammunition 2. Atomic energy, except its usage in agriculture and medicine3. Railway transport
Non-strategic covered all other areas
•2000-01: Focus on restructure & revival of viable CPSE’s; close down PSEs which cannot be revived
History•2003-04: Government announced setting up of
Disinvestment Fund & Asset Management Company to hold, manage & dispose the residual holdings of Government; successful profit-making Cos would not be privatised
• January 2005: Government approved, in principle1. listing of currently unlisted profitable CPSEs
each with a Net Worth in excess of Rs.200 crore2. Sale of minority shareholding of the
Government in listed, profitable CPSEs3. Constitution of a ‘National Investment Fund’
Current Disinvestment Policy
•4th June, 2009: Policy on disinvestment as per President’s Address to Joint Session of Parliament
“Our fellow citizens have every right to own part of the shares of public sector companies while the Government retains majority shareholding and control. My Government will develop a roadmap for listing and people-ownership of public sector undertakings while ensuring that Government equity does not fall below 51 %”
Current Disinvestment Policy
• 6th July, 2009: The above was reiterated by Finance Minister in his Budget Speech
“The Public Sector Undertakings are the wealth of the nation, and part of this wealth should rest in the hands of the people. While retaining at least 51 per cent Government equity in our enterprises, I propose to encourage people’s participation in our disinvestment programme. Here, I must state clearly that public sector enterprises such as banks and insurance companies will remain in the public sector and will be given all support, including capital infusion, to grow and remain competitive”
Current Disinvestment Policy
• 5th November 2009: Action plan for disinvesting Government equity in profit making CPSUs
1. Already listed profitable CPSUs, not meeting the mandatory public shareholding of 10%, to be made compliant
2. All CPSUs earning net profit for the 3 preceding years to be listed
3. Proceeds from disinvestment to be channelised into National Investment Fund
Department of Disinvestment
•Set up as a separate Department on 10th December 1999
•Renamed as ‘Ministry of Disinvestment’ on 6th September 2001
•Under Ministry of Finance from 27th May 2004
Organisation
National Investment Fund
•Constituted on 27th January, 2005
•Realisation from disinvestment is channelised into this fund
•The fund money is used for investment in social sectors
•The fund money is also used for capital investment in profitable PSEs
National Investment Fund
•Fund Managers of NIF▫UTI Asset Management▫SBI Funds Management▫LIC Asset Management
Disinvestment ProcedureSelection of PSU by DODI
Approval by CCD
Formation of IMG & Selection of Global Advisors
Submission of Expression of Interest
Submission of Initial Technical Proposal
Due Diligence / Commercial negotiations
Finalise Shareholders Agreement (SHA)& Share Purchase Agreement (SPA)
Financial bids
Selection of strategic partner & signing of SHA & SPA
Disinvestment and Employees
•Career stability Vs. Career Growth•Time based Promotions Vs. Performance
based promotions•Increased wages, perks Vs. Increased
workload, stress•Clauses are included in the disinvestment
contracts to safeguard employees intrest
Disinvestment and Politics• Disinvestment has been always been a political issue rather
than a financial issue
• Every party has different opinions on disinvestment
• The disinvestment strategy of Govt. of India changes with every government
• The abolishment of the ministry of disinvestment in 2004, after the formation of Congress coalition was mainly to appease Left parties
• Another Example of this is the scrapping of recommendations of the Rangarajan Committee and setting up of a new committee by the new United Front Government when it came to power
Balco - Disinvestment
• Government approved 51% stake in BALCO, a profit making PSU
• Sterlite Ltd acqired it for RS.551.5 crores
• Govt also received Rs.224 crores from capital restructuring of BALCO before disinvestment
• The deal witnessed from state government and opposition parties
• Allegation of undervaluing BALCO were made
• The workers went on 67 days strike to protest the disinvest ment
NTPC - Disinvestment
• Disinvestment through sale and issue of equity shares
• Aim was to enable people to have stake in the company
• Listed the company in October, 2004
• Retained 89.5 % stake in the company
• In February, 2010 further sale of 5% of the stake
• Received around Rs.9000 crores
REC – Disinvestment
•Disinvestment through issue and sale of equity shares
•Listed in February, 2008
•Retained 81.82 % stake in the company
• In February, 2010 further sale of 5% of the stake
•Also issue of fresh equity of 15% by the company
Gains through IPO
•There are a total of 214 of CPSEs
•Presently, the Government has about Rs 2 lakh crores locked up in PSUs
•Government is planning to generate Rs.25000 crores per year in coming years
THANK YOU