Full HD 1080p

VFD front display

2 Smart card reader

Twin protocol

Time shifting, Recording and Playback with USB

Playback (File list) include recorded files, Mp3 file,

Image file and video files.

Full HD 1080p

VFD front display

2 Smart card reader

Twin protocol

Time shifting, Recording and Playback with USB

Playback (File list) include recorded files, Mp3 file,

Image file and video files.

TEST REPORTS

I S S U EOFPUBLICATIONS

LEGEND227th

CONTENTS

International Monthly MagazineInternational Monthly Magazine

DECEMBER 2011VOLUME: 18 - No: 12

Letter from Editor

G

Test Report

Test Report

Asia-Pacific Pay-TV...

Test Report

Electronic Programme...

Loss of Signal in Light...

Master Codes

Master Codes

The Increasing Threat...

Global Satellite Commu...

Why go out when you...

Triax

lobal Flash News

How Satellite are used...

Satellite DVR

Sat Mart

Discussion of the LNB

A Better world through...

How Satellite TV Works

Pakistani Channels

Pakistani Channels

It is Time to use the...

Braving the Challenges...

China First Satellite

Japan Telecommunication

Around the Satellite World

Trouble Shooter

Search Satellite

Reason for Choosing...

Receiver and Wiring

The Recent Advance of...

Directional Chart

Directional Chart

Vietnam First Remote...

Digital Chart

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NEOSAT 9900 HD SPECTRA

XCRUISER XDSR 400 HD PLUS

NANO MINI HD N1

Editor-in-Chief

LETTER FROM EDITOR

S A T M A R T

HABIB [email protected]

SUROOSHIZNA

SUMERA HADI

SHOUKAT IQBAL [email protected]

HAIDER [email protected]

NAVEED [email protected]

NAVEED AHMED KHANIRFAN SIDDIQUI

S.ASHRAF-UL-HAQ

QAZI MUNAWAR ALAM

Dawood Centre, 101-1st Floor,

124,R, Block-2, Main Tariq Road,

P.E.C.H.S., Karachi-Pakistan.

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HABIB HADI

Dish Channels is printed on the 1st ofevery month by Dish Channels Karachi.Dish Channels is Non-Political & Non-Patrisian Publication. While every effortis made to ensure accuracy, we cannotbear responsibility for losses resultingfrom errors.Printed By: PRINTING IMPRESSION,KARACHI

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As more and more information is being handled in digital format, the future for satellite is also digital. In the near future, transmissions will take place in digital format and this offers some advantages. The prime reason for digital broadcasting is that with analog broadcasting only one channel per transponder can be transmitted, whereas with digital broadcasting this can be 10 channels per transponder. This means a substantial cost reduction per channel. Due to compression techniques, more information can be put on the same channel bandwidth currently being used, which allows more flexibility.For instance, the sender can opt for higher resolution, or for a lower resolution but more channels. In general, digital broadcasting will bring an increase of choices to consumers. Besides a likely increase of the number of programs, the same programs will also be broadcast several times per hour or day, to give the consumer more flexibility in when to watch a program. Also, channels will become increasingly focused on specific subjects, such as documentaries, movies, sports, and perhaps even more specific than that (for example only football or nature documentaries).

Dear Readers,

Bye

China has successfully orbited its third meteorological satellite, the Fengyun-2-06, the country's central television CCTVreported. The satellite was launched from the XiChang Satellite Launch Center, in southwest China at 08:54 a.m. local time (00:54 a.m. GMT) on board a Chang Zheng-3A carrier rocket. The Fengyun-2-06 weather satellite will collect meteorological

data from the previously orbited satellites and replace its outdated predecessor, the Fengyun-2-C, orbited in 2004. China launched its second weather satellite, the Fengyun 2-D, in 2006. China uses the data from its meteorological satellites to compile weather forecasts and for emergencymonitoring.

Spanish operator Hispasat has chosen Arianespace to launch its new communications satellite, Hispasat 1E. Petra Mateos-Aparicio, Chairman of Hispasat, and Jean-Yves Le Gall, Chairman and CEO of Arianespace has announced the signature of the launch service and solutions contract for the Hispasat 1E satellite. It is the first contract of 2010 signed by Arianespace.Hispasat 1E will be launched by an Ariane 5 at the end of 2011 from the Guiana Space Center, Europe's Spaceport in Kourou, French Guiana. The satellite will be built by Space Systems/Loral using an LS 1300 platform. Weighing about 5,270 kg at launch, it will be fitted with 53 active Ku-band transponders. This powerful satellite will give Hispasat additional capacity,enabling it to offer a broader range of video and data transmission services with a European and pan-American coverage. Positioned in geostationary orbit at 30 degrees West, Hispasat 1E has a design life of 15 years. Hispasat 1E will be the sixth Spanish satellite launched by Arianespace.The European launcher had already orbited Hispasat 1A and 1B In 1992 and 1993.

201110DECEMBER The Highly Circulated Satellite Magazine

18 YEARS OF GENEROUS PUBLICATIONS

GLOBAL FLASH NEWS

CHINA LAUNCHES THIRD FENGYUN-2SERIES WEATHER SATELLITE

ARIANESPACE TOLAUNCH HISPASAT 1E

Intelsat, which provides fixed satellite services, has announced a joint venture with a South African investor group led by Convergence Partners. The venture will utilise project financing to build and launch a new satellite - Intelsat New Dawn - to serve the African continent. The satellite will feature a payload optimised to deliver

Nilesat 201 will be placed into geostationary transfer orbit by an Ariane 5 or Soyuz rocket launched from the Guiana Space Center,Europe's Spaceport in French Guiana, during the first quarter of 2011. Nilesat 201 is the third satellite launched by Arianespacefor the Egyptian operator, following Nilesat 101 and 102, launched successfully in 1998 and 2000, respectively. Built by ThalesAlenia Space, Nilesat 201 will weigh nearly 3,000 kg at launch. It will be fitted with 24 Ku-band transponders and 3 Ka-band transponders to provide direct TV broadcast services throughout the Middle East. It will

be positioned at 7 degrees West, and offer a design life exceeding 15 years. "We are very honored and very proud to work with the major Egyptian operator Nilesat for the third time and to participate in the development of direct TV broadcasting in the Middle East," said Arianespace Chairman and CEO Jean-Yves Le Gall.

South Africa will launch its second satellite from Kazakhstan's Baikonur space stationto monitor disasters like floods, oil spills and wild fires in the country. TheSumbandilaSat, an 80 kg low-orbit satellite, would rotate the earth at a distance of 500 km, the country's science and technology department has said. The satellite will collect data on land and sea temperatures, clouds, rainfall, winds, sea level, ice cover and vegetation cover, among others, BuaNews reported. The project is part of a three-year initiative of the government's integrated capacity building and satellite development programme announced in October 2005, the report said. About 26 million South African rands (about $2.4 million) have been spent on the programme.Science and Technology Minister Mosibudi Mangena said the satellite will help to understand the earth system to improve human health, protect environment and tackle disasters, among others. He added that the space technology was an indispensable tool for development of South Africa and the continent. The project was carried out in partnership with SunSpace and Information Systems, the Stellenbosch University and Satellite Application Centre (SAC). SunSpace was tasked with building the satellite, while SAC would control the operations involving telemetry, tracking, control and data capturing. TheSumbandilaSat is the second satellite to be launched by South Africa. The first satellite SUNSAT 1 was launched about two years ago.



GLOBAL FLASH NEWS

ARIANESPACE TO LAUNCHEGYPTIAN SATELLITE NILESAT 201

INTELSAT VENTURE FORSATELLITE BIZ

wireless backhaul, broadband and television programming to the continent and is expected to enter service in early 2011. TheNew Dawn joint venture was established to provide solutions for Africancommunication needs, and is expected to deliver new capacity for voice, wireless backhaul, Internet and media applications. 50% of the satellite's 28 C-Band & 24 Ku-band 36 MHz transponders are already committed, pre-launch and total more than $350 million, with some contracts for up to 15 years of service on the satellite.

SOUTH AFRICA SECONDSATELLITE LAUNCH IN MARCH

SRT 2010 HDSRT 2010 HD


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SR 55XSR 55X

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Today Satellites are used for direct broadcasted live from one country can also broadcast television, wireless cable, cellular be seen in another country which is half telephone, photography, and video tele- way around the world. Communication conferencing. The special sports programs, services are now using small antennas to movies, and news broadcasts are all send and receive the information.televised because of satellites. Artificial Additional satellites are scheduled for satellites have been launched to photograph launch that will enable new communication the moon, Mars, Venus, Saturn, and Jupiter. systems to be used around the world. Other satellites send information, back to Advances in the new Satellite Technologythe Earth about the weather of the Earth. have made people no more than a phone A new satellite system is known as Planet 1. call away. Satellites can send messages It integrates cellular and satellite from one continent to another and also from technology to provide mobile voice, data, one planet to another. Satellite technology and facsimile communications. "The brings us the weather, cellular phones, package weighs less than six pounds and wireless cable, and direct broadcast the price is $2,995, plus a $3 a minute in television. Satellite communication use charges." (Miller, 134) By the end of companies are expecting these services to the year, it is expected that Planet 1 service be offered all over the world in the very will be offered to countries all around the near future. Satellites are an up and coming world. Direct Broadcast Satellite television force in the consumer market with many is a very costly business. Wireless cable future plans ahead. New corporations such technology brings pay TV to rural areas. as Teledesic are revolutionizing the way This technology works by beaming signals satellites are manufactured and used. In from a central tower to dishes on the roofs addition, corporations like Motorola and of houses or buildings. The new technology Orbcomm are using satellites to provide is cheaper than laying wires under the global communication services. Finally, the ground. Special satellites send pictures and scientific community is also taking messages from one continent to another . advantage of the great possibilities that Dish antennas are used to send and receive satellites represent in the field of research.information. A television show that is

HOW

SATELLITESARE USED

TODAY

18 GENEROUS YEARS OF PUBLICATIONS

Inside view


ubscribers in the US are pause option, digital quality, dual viewing, increasingly switching over to or recording one program digital video recorders (DVRs) while viewing for advantages that prove another. Even cable

irresistible for companies are providingmany devices that come with

inbuilt DVRs that provide all of these functions for cable viewers. Some DVRs also provide programming information, alerts on the timing of favorite programs and zoom in capabilities. If you don't like commercials, you can even skip through them. These features are definitely unmatched by any contemporary technology. The future may see a host of other services like local weather, interactive gaming, etc. added to the number of services. This good news is not just for the customers.viewer but also the broadcasting companies Consideringwho can now be assured of a significant the growing demand, increase in viewers. it seems like this technology Some of the more popular models are TiVohas finally arrived. What makes DVRs because of its extra features. DirecTV HD special is that it records directly to a hard DVR and the Dish Player-DVR 942 are drive. There is no tape involved as there is new to the market and said to be superior to with VCRs.TiVo.Features that seem to have caught the eye

of the TV viewers include instant replay,

S


Inside view


The Dish Networks Dish Vip622 satellite receiver contains 2 individual HDTV tuners in one box. These Tuners are designated TV1 and TV2. TV1 is intended for use at a HD TV or Standard TV in the same room as the Vip622. The ViP622 has modulated outputs for both the TV1 and TV2 tuners. The allows for the easy distribution of TV1and TV2 pictures throughout a house. Themodulators operate on either UHF or CATVchannels and are not HD TV signals. All of the ViP receivers from Dish Network are MPEG4 and Mpeg 2 compatible. MPEG4 allows for more channels in the same bandwidth. Read more about Satellite TVusing MPEG4. The Vip622 DVR has two operating modes, Single and Dual Mode. In Single Mode the Vip622 can be used as a dual tuner DVR with full control of both tuners from one remote. In Single Mode, you can switch between the tuners, or press "PIP" on the remote use the built in "Picture in Picture" feature. Press Swap and the two images will swap places. Of Course you also have Full DVR control over both tuners. The Extra Bonus of the Vip622 is you can also use the receiver in Single Mode from the TV2 location. Whenoperated in Single Mode, (change modes by pushing a button on the front panel) the Dish ViP622 provides TIVO like capabilities and should be considered a strong replacement option for DirecTV's TIVO community.



SAT MART

DISH NETWORK VIP622HDTV RECEIVER

The LNB is the part that attaches to the end dish arm, all DBS (Primestar not included) of the arm in front of the dish. The dish receivers will work with any of the DBS reflects the satellite signal into the LNB Dish/LNB combinations. In other words, an where it is captured, processed, amplified, RCA receiver can be attached to a Sony and sent down the coaxial cable to the dish or even a Dish Network dish.satellite receiver. The term LNB comes Each LNB style is made in two versions - down from the "C" band (large dish) days single and dual. A single LNB has only one and stands for Low Noise Blockdown output and can be connected to only one converter. The LNB is powered by a DC receiver. This signal cannot be split to two voltage from the receiver which also receivers because this would interfere with controls polarity switching in the LNB. the polarity control and cause loss of There are several styles of LNB's used in channels. A dual LNB has two independent the DBS (small dish) industry. The most outputs which can be connected to two popular are probably the RCA (rectangular receivers each with full control of all mounting tube) and the Dish Network ("D" channels. More than two receivers requires tube). Hughes uses a "flat pack" style, but the use of a multiswitch.also sometimes ships its systems with an If your system brings in only some of the RCA or a Dish Network style LNB. Sony channels you are subscribing to, you may has its own style which is not have a polarity switching problem.interchangeable with any other. Other less The satellite receiver sends out a DC popular systems such as Hitachi and voltage over the coaxial cable to the LNB at Uniden generally use one of the styles the dish to power the LNB circuitry and to already mentioned, but occasionally an odd switch between left and right hand circular different style will show up. Although each transponder polarization. The polarity LNB style must be used with a compatible switching is accomplished by changing the dish style so it will attach properly to the DC voltage between 13 and 18 volts.

Discussion of the

LNBDiscussion of the

LNBDiscussion of the

LNB


Inside view


ith the enormous and ever- and even an access point to the Internet. increasing number of TV And that makes a good EPG more and more programs being offered of a necessity for a broadcaster's success in

nowadaysit could soon reach 500 digital today's highly competitive broadcasting channels worldwideviewers are in need market. The importance of the EPG resides of help in navigating this myriad of options, in the ineffectiveness of conventional a solution that will provide them with more services in presenting what could be 500 information on the programs and give them channels worth of program information. It a simple, easy-to-follow guide. Perhaps is almost impossible with teletext or nowhere is this need greater, given the high newspapers to scan through that number of density of satellite channels in general and channels to see if there is anything good on, highly competitive pay-TV platforms in or if a particular program will be on today,particular, than in the Arab world. or what's on right now. But EPG makes it The high volume of offerings means that possible to provide the viewer with a fully consulting the newspapers or a printed TV detailed description of the program: title, guide, or just waiting for that pretty synopsis, casting, director, production year,presenter to introduce us to a used-to-be etc.--and presented in multiple languages. blockbuster movie, no longer works. The This information is constantly updated digital revolution in the broadcasting arena since it is present on air with the video and is the alternative, and the tool is the audio streams. It can be accessed and electronic program guide (EPG). downloaded any time the viewer requests it, EPGs are broadly known as being any and presented in an attractive way through program guide on a digital TV set, set-top colorful screens, with high resolution to box, or satellite receiver. They are a service show pictures of good quality, and an provided by the broadcaster to the viewer at enhanced user experience thanks to flexible home, giving details about TV programs navigation. All these features make the EPG that are on air at that time or that will be an appealing place for advertisers to put broadcast in the near future. But in today's their ads, just in the same way they do on digital revolution, EPGs are becoming more Internet pages, which means improved of a portal to broadcaster services, a profits for broadcasters.gateway to a set of interactive applications,

W


Inside view


Nano Classic N3Nano Classic N3

New Nano Mini HD N3

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First Product Alichipset 3606

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THEINCREASING

THREAT TO

SATELLITECOMMUNICATIONS

Communication security has been a priority since the beginning of recorded history. The survival of human

cultures has always relied on the use of accurate information transported over distances. The interception of

this information, preventing its reception or its misuse, can alter the course of nations. As technology

advances, so too does the threat to modern satellite communication. The methods of interfering with or

intercepting satellite signals are numerous and need to be better understood. As has been demonstrated by a

small team of undergraduate students, the capability to intercept the nation's communication satellite

signals is no longer limited to national powers but can be mastered by individuals using off-the-shelf

technologies. Defense against signal interception requires reconsideration of spacecraft design in terms of

transmission, propulsion, and encoding technologies. It is imperative that efforts be taken to minimize

vulnerability and prevent those with hostile intentions from compromising security.


Inside view


The issue of communications security is a serve. The two primary means of this universal concept stemming throughout disruption in commerce and policy lies in recorded history. In ancient kingdoms and two primary methodologies: preventative nation-states, scribes were specifically action and misuse. In general, satellites appointed by the ruling power. As orbit in a predictable pattern as defined by compensation, they would typically enjoy a the mission. It is this predictability that life of comfort and safety, relatively rare causes the greatest degree of vulnerability commodities in for the era in which they to both preventative and misuse attacks. lived. The ruling powers would ensure The ability of a spacecraft to alter its course these attributes for a single reason: scribes away from a hostile situation would often were the only members of ancient society deter most security breaches. This concept with the capability to not only produce, but has two major drawbacks, however. Most interpret and relay the only means of true missions rely on a regular, predictable orbit long-range communication writing. for timing the communications The basis of concern in the interception and transmissions and satellite system updates misuse of satellite ground link systems lies from its' ground-control station. Althoughin the mechanics of its operation. In this may be overcome by using more conventional satellite communication up- advanced onboard computer systems, this and downlinks, the satellite utilizes an would typically increase the mass of the antenna that is connected to a receiver unit spacecraft and would limit its payload and a transmitter unit, which typically are capability. Additionally, almost all practical separate devices. These devices are in turn computing systems employ digital connected to the satellites' internal technology which is very susceptible to Command and Data Handling system or space-based interference, any ionic onboard computer that operates all the other disturbances, radiation, gamma-rays, etc., in spacecraft mechanisms including the which exposure would typically result in a thrusters, attitude orientation detection and momentary systems malfunction or even control, and any other onboard payloads. destruction. As a result, this solution would In typical orbital operation, a signal is require either additional shielding or a generated onboard the satellite while in computing technology capable of operating orbit. This signal is a function of its mission in a space environment independent of and intent; an example would be in a gravity and a constant link.typical communications satellite where a The second major problem with the evasion signal is received by the receiver from a capability lies in the method in which it transmitting ground-station, fed into the would change direction. The onboard onboard computer, and relayed to the propulsion system necessary to provide the transmitter unit. The transmitter applies the necessary change in velocity at unforeseen signal to the antenna, which projects the occasions would require an unprecedented signal towards another receiving ground- amount of propellant relative to station. The concern involved in this conventional Earth-orbiting satellites. process lies in the potential prevention or Using conventional propulsion systems misuse of the communication. As was true such as cold-gas, mono- and bi-propellant in the medieval era, these messages are systems used for attitude adjustment and often crucial and urgent, especially trajectory changes would require additional communications sent over a dedicated link room and mass for fuel and exclude the as may corporations and governments capabilities of any onboard payload. One employ worldwide. Forces opposing these possible solution to this is the ion-thrusters. users have and will continue to use methods Ion-thrusters are regenerative and utilize of disruption of the communication to gain electricity as a propellant, allowing for a an advantage in competition with those virtually unlimited fuel source when whom the message is actually intended to applied to a solar array.


Inside view


The evolution of global communications exploratory examination of the satellite TVand its rapid development has given rise to viewing motives of Egyptian adults. Thea strong interest in the television as researcher suggests future investigations on medium. This has been clearly evidenced the impact of satellite TV on various ages in by the proliferation of antennas for the society, the sociological impact of satellite reception of satellite services throughout TV on Egyptian family social activities, and the Middle East. The content of much the possible impact of satellite TV on youth satellite programming is inconsistent with concerning their social, educational and the culture and religion of the region, as it economic behavior. Since news proved to depicts excessive violence and highly be the most important program type unacceptable sexual behavior according to watched by adult Egyptian satellite TVthe mores of Middle Eastern culture. Yet, viewers, a special content analysis and properly executed, satellite TV is also an comparison may be applied to come up excellent family device for entertainment, with the format most favored by Egyptian learning, and communication. audiences, especially with the recent launch Viewers are demanding more information, of the Nile Specialized News Channel; the more entertainment and more news same applies to sports, drama, and programs. Today television programming children's channels. A content analysis of must meet viewer's expectations (and satellite TV channels most watched by advertiser's desires as well) in order to Egyptian audiences could be conducted to attract viewers to a particular channel. In an investigate their favorite issues and formats. atmosphere of heavy competition among The number of hours spent daily with stations, this cannot be achieved unless satellite TV did indeed prove to be longer more creative programs and graphics are than the number of hours spent with produced. In fact, one of the most national TV among this sample. 86 percent noticeable differences between Eastern of viewers in the satellite TV households channels and Western ones is that the reported that they watch satellite TV every Western channels have a higher level of day, whereas only 49.7 percent of the sophistication in their use of graphics and sample watch national TV every day. Much advanced technology. controversy is raised over satellite TVThe present investigation was an programming and content.

GLOBALSATELLITECOMMUNICATIONS

GLOBALSATELLITECOMMUNICATIONS


Inside view


TDH

700 is a

modern digital

compact headend. Each

basic unit holds up to six

modules each carrying a

satellite, cable, or

terrestrial channel. A

complete system is simply

build with the Main/Sub

unit system where 1 basic

unit and 4 sub units can

be coupled in cascade

and operates as on

integrated headend with

30 channel.

multiswitch

on each (or every other) floor."

Every TMM-module serves as a basimultiswitch for one satellite position and c TDH SA unit is also available.four polarities. To ensure reception from People living in apartment blocks no longer four satellite positions and 16 polarities, have to put up with the usual either/or just arrange four modules in parallel. decisions when they choose their shared TMM-5 also distributes the terrestrial satellite channels. Now the local dealer or signal, which means that a fully expanded installer can help them expand their present system with 17 outputs only needs three system, module by module. Even buildings TMM-4 modules and one TMM-5 module with a large number of apartments and to be up and running.floors have this option.

By combining modules of the new Triaxmultiswitches, TMM-4 and TMM-5,viewers sharing a system may want to try out the basic or light version first and receive channels from just one satellite position. Later, at any given time, they can easily expand the system to include two, three or even four satellite positions. "Apartment block owners achieve supreme flexibility and freedom by investing in a basic TMM-module system. If at some point they want more channels, they just ask their local installer to add new modules and cables to the existing system. This way,the first investment won't be money out the All communication between modules and window as it is still an integrated part of the the basic units is done via a high speed new expanded system," says the marked data-bus, and by means of this modern manager from Triax. "What's more, the communication structure, important cascadable TMM-modules virtually features as operating the system, software eliminate the well-known problems caused updates, and remote access has become by varying distances from the multiswitch unique simple.to the individual set-top boxes. To make For maximum flexibility a one module everybody happy, simply mount a TMM-

Triax digitalheadend-TDH 700


Inside view


Since its inception there has always been broader understanding of the world around talk of the peaceful uses of space us. DirecTV's Total Choice programming technology. There are many satellites in packages are touted in the industry as some orbit and far too many of them are for of the most well balanced and intelligently military purposes but where are the compiled programming packages that can satellites that promote peace and world be procured from any TV programming unity? DirecTV has twelve of them in orbit service provider and while everyone knows right now and has plans to launch even that DirecTV is the all time leader in more in the future. No other businesses premium sports programming, many people have done more to bring understanding are unaware of the leading role DirecTVamong all the cultures on this planet more has assumed in multicultural programming.than satellite TV programming service The Discovery Channel, National

providers such as DirecTV. Satellite TV Geographic Channel and even The Outdoor service providers like DirecTV provide far channel all regularly feature programming more multicultural programming than cable that is gathered from all parts of the globe or standard TV programming service and help to bring a broader understanding providers ever did and they are going to of all peoples and cultures of the world.continue to do so on into the future. DirecTV's Family Choice programming DirecTV even has programming packages package is a great way for a family that is that are entirely in Spanish language and on a budget to start receiving the more they have a package devoted entirely to enlightened and educational programming international cultures. It is important to that DirecTV has, along with their more remember that we all live on this planet whimsical and entertaining programming. together and that as time progresses the This package has forty fantastic channels planet is going to get a lot smaller and that also include all of your local standard borders are going to be less and less TV channels in digitized format. Their Totalimportant. DirecTV satellite TV Choice programming package has a full programming is a great way to learn about one-hundred and fifty-five great channels all the other people and cultures that share for you to select from every time you sit the planet with us and there by gain a back to watch TV.


Inside view


Receivers have a number of other features communicate with the chip, via the satellite as well. They pick up a programming signal, to make necessary adjustments to its schedule signal from the provider and decoding programs. The provider may present this information in an onscreen occasionally send signals that disrupt illegal programming guide. Many receivers have de-scramblers as an electronic counter parental lock-out options, and some have measure (ECM) against illegal users.built-in digital video recorders (DVRs), It takes the digital MPEG-2 or MPEG-4 which let you pause live television or signal and converts it into an analog format record it on a hard drive. that a standard television can recognize. In These receiver features are just added the United States, receivers convert the bonuses to the technology of satellite TV. digital signal to the analog National With its movie-quality picture and sound, Television Systems Committee (NTSC) satellite TV is becoming a popular format. Some dish and receiver setups can investment for consumers. Digital cable, also output an HDTV signal. which also has improved picture quality It extracts the individual channels from the and extended channel selection, has proven larger satellite signal. When you change the to be the fiercest competitor to satellite channel on the receiver, it sends just the providers. The TV war is raging strong signal for that channel to your TV. Since the between satellite and digital cable receiver spits out only one channel at a technologies as well as between the time, you can't tape one program and watch providers who offer these services. Once another. You also can't watch two differentconsidered luxuries in most households, programs on two TVs hooked up to the satellite and digital cable are becoming same receiver. In order to do these things, quite common as providers bundle TV with which are standard on conventional cable, Internet and phone services to offer you need to buy an additional receiver.competitive deals and win over customers. It keeps track of pay-per-view programs It de-scrambles the encrypted signal. In and periodically phones a computer at the order to unlock the signal, the receiver provider's headquarters to communicate needs the proper decoder chip for that billing information.programming package. The provider can

HowSatellite

TVWorks

HowSatellite

TVWorks


Inside view


SHAHID PARACHA SATELLITESHAHID PARACHA SATELLITE8000 HD CA+USB 2.0 HDTV Receiver8000 HD CA+USB 2.0 HDTV Receiver

1100 SUPER1100 SUPER2200 SUPER2200 SUPER

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8 Favorite channel groups 256 color OSD with picture in graphics

Programmable sleep timer Selectable display format

Timer programming for automated channel and operation control

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Info banner with information about the actual event, time and available services











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Programmable sleep timer Fully DVB compliant Selectable display format






























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Block A Heyatabad, Peshawar, Pakistan.

Ph: 0092-91-5818759, 5272419

SatelliteCommunications Systems are infrastructures that can be used for broadband multimedia applications. In the communication satellite field, the C-band (4-6 GHz) frequencies have been used since the beginning and are now saturated. TheKu-band (11-18 GHz) has been used also for communication satellite systems, because with this frequency a bigger bandwidth can be applied. The Ku-band has other advantages, such as avoidance of interference with terrestrial microwave systems that often use the C-band frequency. However, for Indonesia, the use of the Ku-band needs a thorough examination because frequencies above 10 GHz are vulnerable to rain, especially heavy rain that often occurs in Indonesia. This article examines the possibility of using the Ku-band for satellite communication systems in Indonesia.

In 1976 President Soeharto of the Republic of Indonesia, gave the name PALAPA to

the first Indonesian satellite. At that time Indonesia was the 3rd nation

in the world to use satellites as its telecommunications

infrastructure. Indonesia can be proud of this fact, because Indonesia's neighbors Singapore,

Malaysia,

the Philippines

and Thailand had not yet shown any interest in having

their own satellites. Indeed, considering Indonesia's geographical features: consisting of islands stretching from Westto East and from South to North, it is reasonable for Indonesia to adopt a satellite platform for its communications system.

By using satellites one can obtain wide coverage, quick rollout of facilities

(compared to buried optic fiber cables) unconstrained by

natural conditions and distance. Indonesia is now not alone in South-east Asia/East Asia in utilizing satellite

services for voice, video and data. Twenty years after

the historic launch of its first satellite in 1976, Malaysia and Thailandhave launched their own satellites, followed by Singapore and Taiwan constructing their satellite cooperatively. In addition are Hongkong, Korea (Koreasat) and Japan (JCSAT). The frequency bands used for satellite communications have also developed. Besides using the C-band, the use of the Ku-band has become more and more popular, even though Indonesian satellite operators are still unsure about the technical feasibility of using the Ku-band in Indonesia. The use of the Ku-band for satellite communications in tropical regions like Indonesia seems to become more frequent. We observe that several satellites parked above Indonesia have Ku-band transponders, and even Ka-band transponders. Just look at the satellite owned by NewSkies (NSS 6), launched in December 2002 and positioned at 95 East.

IT IS TIME TO USE THE

KU-BANDKU-BAND


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At the time INTELSAT made available for became active in such international forums the first time reliable international satellite as INTELSAT and ITU. Its vocal communication in the 1960's, Indonesia participation in these forums contributed to made a wise decision to join the better cooperation with other countries, Consortium of Satellite-Using Nations, particularly developing countries. Thesenotwithstanding the economic hardships it new links of cooperation among developing posed to participate. Later in the 1970's, the countries provided Indonesia with the launch of Indonesia's Palapa domestic leverage needed to help solve crucial issues satellite was a breakthrough technology for regarding planned bands at ITU Radio addressing isolated areas, and triggering communication Conferences for the benefit business activities. Indonesia had crucial of all Members. Since the launch of its first decisions to make during ITU's WARC- Domestic Satellite System PALAPA,ORB 1985 and 1987 regulatory several reports regarding its project deliberations in the interest of the global management, technical characteristics and community and its own national interest. In national economic benefits have been cooperation with other Mobile Satellite presented. This paper reveals untold events Services (MSS) operators, Indonesia closely related to those developments. obtained an endorsement at WRC-95 for Indonesia entered the global space improving the fragmented MSS bands, and communication era by the inauguration of helped achieve an additional allocation at her international INTELSAT station at WRC-2003. Indonesia took part in the ITU Jatiluhur, 60 km south of Jakarta, in 1969. sponsored deliberations on GMPCS Indonesia's membership at INTELSAT(Satellite Mobile Communication), and brought new experiences and opportunities assisted emerging non-geostationary for reliable international communication for satellite systems, such LEOs and MEOs, at the first time in the Indonesian international WRC forums in getting their spectrum communication history. Practically all allocation. In 2004, Indonesia is international communications in the past experiencing its initial stage of DTH were by unreliable HF means. Indonesia (Direct-to-home) satellite broadcasts using has been involved in numerous INTELSATBroadcast Satellite Services (BSS). More Conferences and meetings. It is worthwhile widespread use of terresterial means in to note that the Vice Chairmanship and Indonesia's telecommunications scene will Chairmanship of the INTELSAT Board cause a shift in the application of satellite during the period 1998 1990 were technologies. Triggered by its early success entrusted to Mr. J.L Parapak, who was PT.in operating its Palapa system, Indonesia Indosat's CEO at that time.


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ng Fng Hng I, also known as China 1, was the People's Republic of China's first successful space satellite,

launched on April 24, 1970 as part of the PRC's Dong Fang Hong space satellite program. At 173 kg (381 lb), it was heavier than the first satellites of other countries.

The East is Red on the satellite.While Dong Fang Hong I was transported to the launch site by train, armed guards were placed between every two electricity poles. On April 24, 1970 at 9:35 pm a Long March I rocket (CZ-1) lifted off from the China's Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center placing the Dong Fang Hong I satellite in

The satellite carried a radio transmitter. It orbit at 9:48 pm.broadcast the song of the same name, The The primary purpose of the Dong Fang I East Is Red, which lasted for 26 days while satellite was to perform tests of satellite in orbit. The song was played in honor of technology and take readings of the the emporer of the PRC at the time. ionosphere and atmosphere. The satellite Dong Fang Hong I (Red East 1) is China's was similar in shape to a 72 faced first man-made satellite. It was developed tetrahedron, had a mass of 173 kg (381 lb), under the direction of Qian Xuesen (Tsien and had a diameter of approximately one Hsue-shen), dean at the Chinese Academy meter (39 in). It spun 120 times per minute of Space Technology. At the time, a total of for stabilization. The outer surface was five identical satellites were created. The coated with a processed aluminum alloy for first satellite launched successfully. The temperature control. The main body of the academy formulated a "Three Satellite sphere had four ultra shortwave whip Plan" consisting of Dong Fang Hong I, re- antennas of at least two meters (6 ft) in entry satellites, and geosynchronous orbit length. The lower section was connected to communications satellites. Sun Jia-Dong a stage containing a rocket motor. Thewas responsible for the Dong Fang Hong I perigee of its orbit was 441 kilometers and technology. In 1967 Dang Hongxin chose a apogee was 2,386 kilometers (274 by 1,483 copper antenna membrane that resolved the mi) and had an inclination of 68.55 degrees. difficulties of broadcasting on an ultra-short This near-earth elliptical orbit was 114.09wave antenna between 100 C and - 100 C. minutes per orbit.Engineers installed a music player playing

D

CHINA

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Nearly as Australia and New Zealand. 100 satellites JSAT joined with four additional

have been corporate investors (Sony, Toyota, NEC and launched by and for NTT) to form PerfecTV. PerfecTV provides

Japan since the island digital multichannel TV via JCSAT-3 to country became the fourth small dishes in homes and businesses. In

nation ever to launch its own addition to subscriber TV channels, services satellite to Earth orbit back in include "pay per view," "video on demand,"

1970. Japan does not launch all of and high quality music channels. A future its own satellites. On the other hand, PerfecTV service is the broadcasting of data

Japan sometimes launches satellites to personal computers and interactive bi-for others. The nation launches space directional dialogues using telephone

flights from Tanegashima Island landlines from individual PC operators.spaceport 700 miles southwest of JSAT currently maintains, manages and Tokyo. JSAT is providing satellite operates two Hughes (HS 393) satellites, communications systems and services in JCSAT-1, launched in 1989, and JCSAT-2,Japan and the Asia-Pacific area. With launched in 1990, located at 150 and 154 four operational satellites and a fifth degrees east, respectively. These satellites satellite that was due for launch in have 32 Ku-band transponders for nominal November 1997, JSAT provides wide NTSC television. In addition, JSAT has two area services to companies for video Hughes (HS-601) satellites, JCSAT-3 and 4, teleconferencing, data, fax and that provide Ku and C-band services. telephone audio, but does not supply JCSAT-3 began service in November 1995 multiplexed telephony. In addition, it and JCSAT-4 began service in April 1997. supplies high quality television for JCSAT-5 and 6 were under construction at broadcast and cable TV stations. the time of this visit and were scheduled for JCSAT-1 and 2 provide services to launch in late November 1997 and June Japan, but also have beam 1998, respectively. Command, control and coverage over much of China, operations are maintained through its Korea, Taiwan, Hong Kong, Yokohama Satellite Control Center and

Singapore and even as far east Gunma backup station. JSAT is a successful as the state of Hawaii. satellite communications company

JCSAT-3 covers the providing largely video services to countries mentioned businesses and the broadcast industry. It has

above and also covers developed a good set of business and much of Russia and broadcast applications, such as equipment

India, and goes to provide satellite news gathering south as far services.

JAPANESETELECOMMUNICATIONS

INDUSTRYJAPANESETELECOMMUNICATIONS

INDUSTRY


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Iran has launched its first home-built satellite into orbit, in a move likely to further alarm an international community already at odds with Tehran over its nuclear drive. Dear Iranians, your children have put the first indigenous satellite into orbit, a jubilant President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad said on state television after a launch coinciding with the 30th anniversary of the Islamic revolution. With this launch the Islamic Republic of Iran has officially achieved a presence in space, he said. Iran's Omid (Hope) satellite was sent into space carried by the home-built Safir-2 space rocket, local news agencies reported. In the first international reaction to the launch, France expressed concern because, it said, the technology used was very similar to that employed in ballistic missiles. We can't but link this to the very serious concerns about the development of military nuclear capacity, French foreign ministry spokesman Eric Chevallier said in Paris. Ahmadinejad said the satellite carried a message of peace and brotherhood to the world and dismissed suggestions that Iran's space programme had military goals.

NHK World TV went on air as the latest English-languageinternationalnews network as Japan joined the race to boost clout overseas by reaching out to viewers. Broadcast 24 hours a day, NHK World TV is accessible on five continents via satellite, cable operators or on high-speed Internet connections. Japan becomes the latest nation to launch an international network. France 24 and Al-Jazeera have both launched English-language channels to challenge the supremacy of CNN and the BBC. NHK World TV, which is revamped from an earlier more modest NHK English service, carries half an hour of news every hour on weekdays -- 10 minutes at weekends -- with the rest devoted to features on culture, science and economics. Much of the coverage will focus on Japan but there will also be material on other parts of Asia. By showing various aspects of Japanese public opinion and trends, we can promote a better understanding of Japan around the world," said Hatsuhisa Takashima, head of Japan International Broadcasting, which runs the network. Takashima, a former NHK journalist who later served as a foreign ministry spokesman, said Japan did not enjoy the level of media coverage befitting the world's second largest economy -- a void the channel hopes to fill.


AROUND THE SATELLITE WORLD

IRAN SENDS FIRST HOME

BUILT SATELLITE INTO ORBIT

JAPAN LAUNCHES ENGLISH

NHK WORLD TV


How does a digital video recorder work with cable or satellite TV?

(Anwar Khan, Lebanon)A: DVRs are compatible with most any cable, satellite or antenna setup. Your exact setup instructions will vary according to the type of DVR you purchase. You'll need to review your owner's manual for more information, but here are some tips: Depending on your current home entertainment arrangement, you'll basically hook up your cable line to your DVR, plug your DVR into an electrical outlet, and leave your cable box as is. If you have services like TiVo or RePlay, you'll follow on-screen instructions for setting up your program guide and recordingyourcablechannels.

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TROUBLE SHOOTER

What is the difference between satellite TV and a dish network or

DirecTV? (Mohammad Zubair, Saudi Arabia)A: Satellite TV is a huge style dish made in the 90's usually but is the same as Dish Network and DirecTV. Also Satellite TV is another way of bringing you your network and local and favorite channels without having to pay a corporate company such as Cable one or Classic or COX or Cambridge. Dish Network and DirecTV or DTV.. the differences in these two are simple... Basically here's the deal Dish Network runs of 6 Great Huge Satellites but only uses 2 to 3 depending on your local stations. DirecTV

uses 4 satellites but they are overloaded with 20 million

customers and cause DirecTV to pixel ate or

lose signal while Dish Network can hold 20 million and

not pixel ate or lose signal. Another huge deal between them are the dishes and storms.

Q:2


SATELLITE TROUBLE SHOOTER


SATELLITE TV AND A DISH NETWORK DIGITAL VIDEO RECORDER

Q:4

Q:6Do I need a special "DTV Antenna"for digital television or can I use my

old antenna? (Ubaid Iqbal, Dubai)A: You can use your old antenna to receive digital TV signals by plugging it into your digital-to-analog converter box or television equipped with a digital tuner. This includes tee old fashioned type rabbit ears antenna,

roof top antenna, and yagi antennas. Thetruth is, antennas that are marketed as a "DTV antenna" are no different than any other type of antenna. It's just a marketing gimmick. One item to consider is that most broadcast stations will be transmitting signals on the VHF spectrum for digital broadcasts.

Q:3How do you program and permanently save TV channels without losing them when the receiver is restarted? (M Aurangzeb, via e-mail)A: I do not understand the question. are you talking the stereo receiver or TV receiver? if it is the TV, then you would have to do a "scan channels" as some TV call it. other TV's say "add channels" either or. and some will say something along those lines. but if you have a black out it most likely will lose the channels on some TV's. I have 5 TV's and 2 have to be "reprogrammed" after a power out. Another bit on info. The TV will scan and save to memory what it sees. If the TV is turned off by way of a cable box which might actually be causing the power to be cut off,rather than shut off properly, a part called an EPROM that stores data can become corrupted.

Q:5What does it mean when a TVis "HD Ready"?Do I need a converter box?(JamalYousuf, via e-mail)A: An "HD Ready" television does not have a built-in HD-capable or digital tuner. Theterm "HD Ready" when referenced to a television set, means that the TV in question is capable of displaying a high-definition signal at 720p, or 1080i or 1080p (or all three formats) when using a device to receive the signals like a converter box or set-top digital cable box.




SAVING TV CHANNELS

What do I do if my reception is still poor? (Pervez Akmal, Islamabad)

A: It shouldn't be so please check that you've got your digital receiver connected properly.Sometimes all it takes is a 'factory reset' or 're-installation' - press the 'menu' button on the digital receiver remote and follow the menu options. If you are still having a problem we suggest first call the manufacturer for assistance. If this does not solve the problem then call an installer.

POOR RECEPTION

HD READY

DTV ANTENNA

What are the differences between pirated and legal systems?

(Salman, Peshawar)A: Pirated systems are cheaper, but very instable. With legal systems you pay more but you have the warranty of continuous access during the period of your subscription (six months or one year depending of your plan). But if you are here for a short period the pirated system should be OK, and for the dream satellite we offer a warranty period of six months for new installation and three months for new cards during which we can replace non-working cards free of chargewithin 24~48h.

Q:10Q:7 Will I receive more channels with a converter box or digital TV? (Ali Khan, Swat)A: Probably. If you have optimal reception of dtv signals, you should receive a number of local stations that multicast sub channels (also known as multicasting or multiplexing). This allows a broadcaster to transmit multiple feeds of different programming on one channel (i.e.: channel 12.1, channel 12.2, channel 12.3). In my hometown of Arizona,one of the broadcasters has a full time weather update feed on their multicast sub channel.

Can I get those foreign channels through cable TV? (Mehtab

Haider, China)A: No. Currently because on restrictions on foreign programs in China the local cable networks do not offer foreign channels, other than a very limited number of them (such as HBO or Cinemax in Chinese etc.)

Q:11




DIGITAL TV

I already have a dish and a receiver in my house but they don't seem to

be working. (Aftab Younus, via e-mail)A: Your system must be expired. You can ask for a free check-up to determine if it is an equipment or cable failure or if you just need to purchase a new card.

Q:8

DISH ANTENNA

PIRATED SYSTEM

CABLE TV

Channel Name Freq. Polarity S.R. FEC LNBBand

Mod E.Asia Dish Size Pak

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Since the beginning of the

DIRECTV satellite system in

1994, sales of these small

dish systems has

exploded, making this the

most successful

introduction of new

technology ever.With the launch of a Direct Broadcast Satellite (DBS) system from EchoStar, and the continuing success of the DIRECTVsystem, as well as the cable-owned Primestar system (now bought out by DIRECTV), the choices can look bewildering. You need to look at the different programming available on the various systems, the size of the dish (the Primestar dish is larger), the direction to the satellites from your area (for clear aiming purposes), the cost of equipment and

Signals are beamed from the "uplink" sites programming, program obligations, rebates to the satellites which then beam the signal and incentives, and perhaps some other back down over a target area or "footprint" factors. These pages attempt to define and such as the US, Canada, or other parts of compare all the new small dish systems and the world. Programming can be received provide enough information to make an only within the footprint, or a little outside intelligent choice as to which of these DBS the footprint sometimes with a larger dish.systems is for you. We list available Most network and cable programs are equipment and accessories and make them transmitted on a series of C-band satellites available at low mail order prices.and some Ku-band satellites. These two DBS technology is advancing rapidly, and types of satellites use different frequencies you should see regular changes and much like VHF and UHF broadcast TV use additions to this web site as they become different frequencies. Communications available. Satellites are used for voice, data, satellites were originally designed for and TV communications world-wide. commercial purposes for sending telephone, radio, TV, and other signals across the country and around the world for re-transmission to businesses and homes by local telephone companies, TV stations, or cable companies. Enterprising individuals soon learned to build satellite dish receivers to pick up these signals at their own home, and begin making and selling these systems to homeowners around the country, thus beginning the era of home satellite TV.During the 1980's and early 1990's, several million of these C-band systems were sold with dishes generally around the 10' diameter size. One of the early pioneers in the C-band business was Charlie Ergan who founded Echosphere Corporation.

REASONS FORCHOOSING DBS


Inside view


DBS receiver is usually UHF or cable channel and then combine installed at the main signals so that all TV sets can tune to

household TV set. The satellite receiver is regular or cable channels, or to the satellite where satellite channels are selected for TV signal (on ch. 20 or ch. 60, for example). viewing. In addition to the normal coaxial Good quality UHF converters are output, the receiver usually has audio-video expensive, in the $150-$200 price range. and S-video outputs that can be connected Your TV set needs to have a working UHF directly to the TV, a VCR, and a stereo or tuner, and if there are separate UHF and surround sound system if you have one. A VHF inputs, you will need a UHF/VHF new dedicated RG6 coaxial line must be splitter at the TV set. Satellite channels can run from the dish to the receiver. This line be recorded on a VCR. Run the signal from carries power (13-18 vdc) to the amplifier the receiver to the recorder either as at the dish, and carries the high frequency channel 3/4 on a coaxial cable or an transmission signal down to the receiver for audio/video signal with RCA type cables. processing into the audio and video signals. You will need a compass and an angle If a second receiver is installed in the finder. If you cannot find these among your house, a separate line must be run from the tools or camping equipment, they should be dish to that receiver also. Ideally, you available at local hardware, home would like to be able to watch the satellite improvement, or camping stores. You will channel on all TV sets in the house. The need to be exactly where the dish is to be coaxial output (ch. 3/4) from your receiver located when you do the survey. You may may be sent around the house distribution need to sit on the ground, climb a ladder,system, but most homes also have either a get on the roof, or do all of these cable or a regular TV antenna for local before you find a channels that also has a signal on at least suitable place for one of those channels. The solution is to theconvert the satellite channel to an unused dish.

A

RECEIVERAND WIRINGRECEIVERAND WIRING


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Scientists use satellites to observe different satellite-improved model generated features of the earth including different forecast, is able to make more accurate kinds of radiation. "Satellites provide weather predictions for a particular colonized images of the outgoing-long- location. Through the use of sensors, the wave radiation, a quantity that can aid in satellites data provides details of individual detection of long-term warming or cooling" thunderstorms and maintains coverage over (McGinley 10). Satellites are also used to a specific location on earth at time intervals monitor the atmospheric ozone, which is a from 5 minutes to 12 hours. "Heavy snows gas that protects the earth from harmful or rains associated with large cyclones are solar radiation. Modern satellites are sent often produced by mesoscale, sized up with multi-channel high-resolution thunderstorm systems that can be easily radiometers that cover a wide range of seen and traced by visual and infrared infrared and microwave wavelengths. satellite imagery" Polar orbiting satellites Radiometers sense cloudy and clear air, globally monitor temperature, moisture and atmospheric temperatures, and ocean winds cloud patterns associated with these and provide visual imagery as well. Sensors systems. The satellite measurements are that measure radiation are used to get a combined with other weather data to more complete picture of the atmosphere by initialize computer-run mathematical measuring in an area beyond visual red, models which routinely provide forecasts where ground surface or cloud top for these major cyclones. Satellite temperature can be determined. monitoring of polar ice caps helps identify Today earth-orbiting satellite observatories important seasonal variations. Ice caps in can observe celestial objects without the areas where vegetation is decreasing interference caused by the earth's because of drought or human exploitation, atmosphere. "The orbiting astronomical modify fractions of incident radiation observatories, and the International reflected and influence the effective solar Ultraviolet Explorer, for example studied radiation reaching the earth. Meteorological faint astronomical objects in the ultraviolet satellites can measure radiation in a wide region of the electromagnetic spectrum" spectrum of electromagnetic wavelengths. (15). Satellites are used by scientists to This provides the meteorologist with a determine many different weather supplemental source of data including cloud conditions and the various locations of imagery from visual sensors, ground weather. The meteorologist, by noting past surface, cloud, and atmospheric layer locations, apparent qualitative strength, jet temperatures, and water vapor streams and storms, and by using the concentration from infrared sensors.

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Vietnam plans to launch its first remote telecommunication satellite VINASAT-1 in sensing satellite by 2012, the local April, 2008. Vietnam will also design and newspaper Vietnam News Agency reported. manufacture small-sized satellites by itself The country is now carrying out its by 2020. Under a national strategy on satellite-launching project, worth about 100 research and application of space million US dollars. The announcement was technology until 2020 recently approved by made by chairman of the national Research the government, Vietnam will master Program on Space Science and Technology technologies and techniques regarding NguyenKhoa Son at the 2008 Asia-Pacific production of small satellites, launching Regional Space Agency Forum (APRSAF- equipment, and earth stations in the 2011-

15). Currently, Vietnam still has to buy 2020 period. Between 2006 and 2010, images taken by satellites of foreign Vietnam will intensify application of space countries for the purpose of forecasting technology in four main spheres, namely weather, protecting the environment and communications, hydrometeorology,studying natural resources. "When the natural resource and environment, and VNREDSAT-1 is operational by 2012, satellite- based positioning. Under the Vietnam will be able to take photographs of strategy, by 2010 space technology should the Earth from outer space, which will help be widely applied in the fields like posts Vietnam improve the efficiency of natural and telecommunications, radio and resources management, environmental television, meteorology, agriculture and protection and disaster prevention," said transport. In May, US firm Lockheed Son. Capital investment for the project Martin Commercial Space Systems won a would mostly come from Official bid to build and launch Vietnam's first Development Assistance (ODA), and will communication satellite. The Vietnamesebe used to manufacture, launch, and control government launched the satellite in May the satellite, build a control station for the 2008, which span its coverage over satellite, transfer technology and train Vietnam, other Southeast Asian countries, experts, said Son. Vietnam is seeking more Japan, the Korean peninsula, eastern foreign partners who can provide both Oceania and South China Sea. Totalcapital and technical assistance so that the investment for the Vinasat project is 2,885 pre-feasibility research can be conducted in billion Vietnamese dong (nearly 182.6 the near future, according to Son. Vietnam million US dollars). successfully launched its first


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