what they think are «safer» cigarettes

TOBACCO COMPANIES’ RESPONSE

SMOKERS CHOOSE

1962: US Surgeon General’s Report 1964: Report of the Royal College of Physicians

SCIENCE RESEARCH

«The ‘safer’ cigarette is in my view the key to the industry’s future.»

BAT, Smoking and Health Session, Chelworth, 1971, 28 May [L&D UK Ind 24]

«The smoker of a fi lter cigarette was getting as much…nicotine and tar as he would have gotten from a regular cigarette. He had abandoned the regular cigarette, however, on the ground of reduced risk to health.»

E. Pepples, B&W VP, 1976.

«We have been taking note of public health concerns by developing «lighter» products, but we cannot promote these products as ‘safer’ cigarettes because we simply don’t have suffi cient understanding of all the chemical processes to do so.»

(BAT,1997).T. Tuinstra, Speaking Up, Tobacco Reporter, 1997, December, p30-32

DECEPTION

1939 1960 1980 2000 2020

Heart disease, other cancers, respiratory diseases….

Lung cancer Lung cancer & other diseases in non-smokers

INCREASING EVIDENCE THAT CIGARETTE

SMOKING CAUSES

1986: US Surgeon General’s Report: The health consequences of involuntary smoking

1992: EPA report: Respiratory health effects of passive smoking:Lung cancer and other disorders.

2004: IARC Monograph: Tobacco smoke and involuntary smoking

Deadly Deadly DeadlyUNTIL OTHERWISE PROVEN

% with fi lters*

1950 1975

100

80

60

40

20

0

% with «light» & «ultralight»*

1965 1970 1980 1990 2000

100

75

50

25

0

HEALTH EFFECTS OFTEN CANNOT

BE DETERMINED UNTIL 20-30

YEARS AFTER USE STARTS….

POTENTIALLY REDUCED EMISSION PRODUCTS (PREPs)

LOW TAR, LIGHT& MILD CIGARETTES

Proven

FILTERS

Proven

Tobacco:deadly in any form

or disguise

CIGARETTES: CHRONOLOGY OF DECEPTION

* Kozlowski LT, Pillitteri JL. Beliefs about «Light» and «Ultra Light» cigarettes and efforts to change those beliefs: an overview of early efforts and published research. Tobacco Control, 2001, 10(Suppl.1):i12-i16

ROLLS OF TOBACCO

Rolls of tobaccowhich are smoked

CIGARETTES

> A cigarette is a small paper-wrapped cylinder of cured

and shredded or cut tobacco leaves, rolled into a paper

tube. Ingredients in the fi nal cigarette generally include

not only tobacco, but many other products, such as

residual pesticides, herbicides, fertilizer, heavy metals,

arsenic, cyanide and other toxins.

> Tobacco smoke contains more than 4 000 chemicals,

many of which are toxic and carcinogenic.

> Cigarettes can be found worldwide and are among the

most deadly and addictive products ever produced by

mankind. When used as intended by their manufacturers,

they kill approximately one half of their users.

> Despite decades of advertised innovation, extravagant

claims, allusions to reduced risk and healthy imagery by

the tobacco industry, there is little evidence that smoking

fi ltered cigarettes, “lights and milds”, low tar or other

variants reduces the health risks of smoking cigarettes.

“ORGANIC”, “NATURAL” AND “ADDITIVE-FREE” CIGARETTES

> The terms “organic”, “natural” and “additive-free”,

when applied to cigarettes, do not have the same

meaning as for foods, since the most deadly ingredient

is the tobacco itself and the by-products generated

when tobacco burns.

ROLL-YOUR-OWN (RYO) CIGARETTES

> Materials sold for roll-your-own cigarettes are often

advertised with claims that imply they are healthier, or at

least less harmful, than the materials used in commercial

cigarette production.

> There are no data confi rming that this type of cigarette

is less toxic than commercially manufactured cigarettes.

> Some studies suggest that they may lead to higher

levels of tar exposure on a cigarette-by-cigarette basis.

CIGARETTES, BIDIS AND KRETEKS, CIGARS, PIPES, “ORGANIC”, “NATURAL” AND “ADDITIVE-FREE” CIGA

Quick factsheet of tobacco products

TOBACCO PRODUCTS of today

RETTES, ROLL-YOUR-OWN (RYO) CIGARETTES, WATERPIPES (HOOKAHS, BHANGS, NARGHILES, SHISHAS)

BIDIS AND KRETEKS

> They are smaller and often handmade cigarettes,

predominantly used in the South-East Asian and Middle

Eastern regions.

> They draw heavily on regional preferences for spices

and herbs, using tobacco as a major, but not necessarily

the main, ingredient.

BIDIS

• Bidis typically contain a few hundred milligrams of

tobacco wrapped in a tendu or temburni leaf.

• Exported bidis vary widely in their incorporation of

spices and flavourings.

• They are most commonly used in South-East Asian

countries: however, they are increasingly

exported as exotic and less harmful

alternatives to conventional cigarettes.

• Bidi smoking is linked with oral cancer,

an increased risk for cancer of the lung,

stomach and oesophagus as well as

cardiovascular disease.

KRETEKS

• Also known as clove cigarettes, they typically contain

40% cloves and 60% tobacco.

• Nicotine and other toxins might vary more widely

in kreteks than for commercially manufactured or

conventional cigarettes with similar characteristics.

• These cigarettes are the dominant form found in

Indonesia, and are now sold in other countries and

on the Internet. They are becoming more commonly

available and used worldwide.

• Available evidence indicates that disease could be

very similar to that for conventional cigarettes.

CIGARS

> Cigars are rolls of tobacco wrapped

in tobacco leaf. Machine-manufactured

cigars, as well as some hand-rolled

cigars, may be wrapped with paper

made from tobacco that is called

“reconstituted” or “sheet” tobacco.

> Cigars generally contain several

times as much tobacco as cigarettes, but their size is

much more variable.

> The use of cigars is widespread around the world.

> Cigars do not even need to be lit to expose users to

nicotine and other substances. Merely holding an unlit

cigar in the mouth exposes the user to tobacco and

its poisons. Cigar smoking causes cancer of the lung,

oesophagus, larynx and oral cavity.

PIPES

> The smoking pipe typically consists of a small bowl

where the tobacco is placed and burned to be smoked

and a thin tube that ends in a mouthpiece.

> Pipe smoke tends to be more alkaline than cigarette

smoke and thus does not need to be directly inhaled to

sustain high levels of nicotine addiction.

> The pipe smoker and non-smokers may be exposed

to smoke equivalent to that of several cigarettes.

> Pipe smokers carry a substantially higher risk of

diseases including chronic obstructive pulmonary

disease, oral head and neck cancer, laryngeal cancer,

oesophageal cancer and lung cancer. The relative risk

for lip and oral cancer associated with pipe smoking is

higher than for cigarette smoking.

WATERPIPES (HOOKAHS, BHANGS, NARGHILES, SHISHAS)

> Waterpipes are made in a variety of designs in which

the smoke of the substance is passed through water

(“bubbled”) before inhalation.

> With the introduction of fl avoured tobacco, waterpipe

usage is increasing dramatically, especially among young

people not only in the South-East Asia and Middle East

regions, where they are already very popular, but globally

on college campuses and elsewhere.

> Serious lung disease, cancer and other adverse

health effects have been documented and linked with

waterpipe smoking.

> In addition to tobacco-related diseases, sharing

a waterpipe may increase the risk of transmission of

tuberculosis and viruses such as herpes or hepatitis.

Other ways to smoke tobacco: pipes and waterpipes

CIGARETTES, BIDIS AND KRETEKS, CIGARS, PIPES, “ORGANIC”, “NATURAL” AND “ADDITIVE-FREE” CIGA

Quick factsheet of tobacco products

Quick factsheet of tobacco products Quick factsheet of tobacco productsTobacco:deadly in any form or disguise

> Smokeless tobacco products have been marketed,

sometimes aiming particularly at young people to

promote initiation of tobacco use.

> They are now marketed more aggressively to cigarette

smokers as an alternative in situations in which smoking

is not allowed.

> In some regions of the world, the use of oral smokeless

tobacco remains the dominant form of tobacco use.

> Oral non-combusted products are highly addictive

and can cause cancer of the head, neck, throat and

oesophagus, as well as many serious oral and dental

conditions.

TYPES OF SMOKELESS TOBACCO

• chewing tobacco is shredded like short cut

grass, intended to be chewed throughout the day as

desired. In the South-East Asian region, the tobacco is

often mixed with various chewable mixtures of herbs,

spices, areca nut, betel leaf or paan.

• snuff is chopped into particles like large coffee

grounds, moistened and used by holding between

gum and cheek.

• Swedish snus is a variant on snuff that is processed

differently so that some variants must be kept

refrigerated: it is typically more moist.

• gutkha is a commercially manufactured oral smoke-

less tobacco in India and the South-East Asia. The

tobacco is mixed with a flavoured and sweetened dry

mixture of areca nut, catechu, slaked lime and other

condiments. In India, gutkha has attracted the younger

generation and women, since it makes it easier for them

to chew tobacco without attracting social sanction.

> Tobacco use, including smokeless tobacco, and

excessive alcohol consumption are prominent risk

factors in oral cancer, being estimated to account for

about 90% of oral cancers.

The tobacco industry continues to develop new products, spending huge budgets on research into what are known as “reduced-harm” products, all of which are still untested in their long-term health effects.

Any claims of harm reduction without solid epidemiogical data should be viewed with suspicion.

Caution is needed with new products. All existing and new products put on to the market must be regulated.

CIGARETTES, BIDIS AND KRETEKS, CIGARS, PIPES, “ORGANIC”, “NATURAL” AND “ADDITIVE-FREE” CIGA

Non-Combusted “oral” or “smokeless” tobacco products

TOBACCO PRODUCTS of tomorrow