Diseases resulting from deficiency of

essential trace elements in the

human body

*Introduction

*Definition of minerals

*Divisions of minerals

*Definition of essential minerals

*Definition of trace minerals

*DEFICIENCY OF ANY OF THESE ELEMENTS CAUSES SERIES OF DISEASES & SYMPTOMS THAT WILL BE ILLUSTRATED SUCCESSIVLY…

*Introduction

*Zinc Deficiency symptoms:

-Decreased growth velocity or total arrest of growth-Hypogonadism & impaired

wound healing-Decreased taste and smell

acuity- Acrodermatitis enteropathica- Abrupt cessation of weight gain

and appearance of skin rashes

1. Diseases resulting from deficiency of essential trace elements:

*Copper Deficiency symptoms:

- Impaired iron metabolism with hypochromic anemia.

- Severe osteoporosis & periosteal reaction “pre-term infants”

- Skin rashes, psychomotor retardation & hepatosplenomegaly.

-Wilson’s disease (hepatolenticular degeneration)

-Menke’s steely hair syndrome

- Indian Childhood Cirrhosis.

*Selenium deficiency symptoms:• Deficiency disease is secondary

to parenteral nutrition, protein-energy malnutrition. The symptoms:

-White muscle disease “young calves and lambs”

- Myopathy & abnormal calcification“Keshan disease”

- Increased incidence of cancer

- Endemic osteoarthritis.

- Impaired reproductive functions

*Iron deficiency symptoms:

-Hypochromic microcytic anemia.

- Restless legs syndrome & altered brain development.

- Impaired neurotransmitters metabolism

- Altered protein synthesis & organogenesis. “fetus”

- Altered GABA metabolism in CNS.

*Manganese deficiency symptoms:

- Symptoms have not been identified in human and remain unknown yet.

- Lameness, enlarged hock joints, and shortened legs “Pigs”

- Leg deformities with over knuckling. “cattle's”

- Poults and ducklings ”chicks”

*Cobalt deficiency symptoms:

•Cobalt deficiency takes a long time like in vegetarians. The symptoms similar to those of vit B12 deficiency:

-Macrocytic anemia- Pernicious anemia.

*Chromium deficiency symptoms:

•Cr deficiencies may exist, particularly in children suffering from protein-calorie malnutrition. The symptoms:- Reduced rate of removal of

ingested glucose.- Fatigue & restless.- Altered growth & reduced life

span “ruminants”- Changes in appetite & weight- Corneal lesions with impaired

insulin metabolism.-Higher incidence for DM &

atherosclerosis.

*Iodine deficiency symptoms:• Iodine deficiency was

reported to be the most widespread of all mineral deficiencies. The symptoms:- Cretinism-Mental deficiency- Spastic diplegia-Hypothyroidism-Deaf mutism-Dysarthria- Shuffling gait- Short stature-Quadriplegia- Endemic Cretinism

*Fluorine deficiency symptoms:

-Growth retardation & reduction in fertility- Anemia.- Increase the incidence of

dental caries-Osteoporosis

REMEMBER! IMPORTANT SIGNS OF DEFICIENCY

*Done By:Omar Hamed