disease v. medical intervention

8/3/2019 Disease v. Medical Intervention

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DISEASEMEDICAL INTERVENTION

Which is Worse?


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DISEASE

Any change from a state of health.(Gerard J. Tortura, Microbiology: an introduction, 10th edition 2010, pp. G5)

Over 200 disease categories granted funding for research by National

Institutes of Health (http://report.nih.gov/rcdc/categories/).

Basic Categories:

Genetic

Degenerative

Infectious

When our defenses resist these pathogenic capabilities,we maintain our health. When the pathogens capabilitiesovercome our defensesdisease results. (Tortura, pp.399)


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Infectious Diseases and Microbiology: Bacteriology

study of bacteria.

Virology

study of viruses.

Mycology

study of fungi.

Parasitology

study of parasitic protozoa and worms.


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Bacteria and Protozoaas causes of

Diarrheal Diseasecausing the passage of three or more

loose or liquid stools (or more than

natural for individual) per day.

Diarrheal disease is the second leading cause of death in children under five yearsold. It is both preventable and treatable.

Diarrheal disease kills 1.5 million children every year.

Globally, there are about two billion cases of diarrheal disease every year.

Diarrheal disease mainly affects children under two years old.

Diarrhea is a leading cause of malnutrition in children under five years old.(World Health Organization, 2009, http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs330/en/index.html)


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Escherichia coli

Part of intestinal flora/microbiota inhuman large intestine

Inhibit salmonella and shigella if hosthealthy

Synthesize Vitamin K

Synthesize some B vitamins

Break-down otherwise indigestiblefoodstuffs.(Tortura, pp.20)

Virulent strains can become public

health issue e.g. E-coli 0157:H7, theleading cause of diarrheaworldwide.(Tortura, pp.20)


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Shigellosis Shigella were discovered

over 100 years ago by aJapanese scientist named

Shiga, for whom they arenamed.

Most who are infectedwith Shigella developdiarrhea, fever, andstomach cramps starting aday or two after they are

exposed to the bacteria.The diarrhea is oftenbloody. Shigellosis usuallyresolves in 5 to 7 days.

(Centers for Disease Control,

http://www.cdc.gov/nczved/division

s/dfbmd/diseases/shigellosis/)


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Protozoan from the phyla

Mastigophora. Its form thatprimarily affects humans goes

by the name Giardia lamblia.

It is the most common

flagellate found in the humandigestive tract and it is very

contagious, though usually not

fatal.

(McGill University,

http://martin.parasitology.mcgill.ca/jimspa

ge/biol/giardia.)Giardia


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CholeraVibrio cholerae bacteria infect between 100,000

and 300,000 people each year, causing acute

vomiting and diarrhea. One in every 100 victims

dies from dehydration.

(Merell, D. S. et al. Host-induced epidemic spread of the cholera bacterium.Nature, 417, 642 - 645, (2002), http://cmbi.bjmu.edu.cn/news/0206/18.htm)
http://www.nature.com/doifinder/10.1038/nature00778http://www.nature.com/doifinder/10.1038/nature00778


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intervention /intervention/ (-venshun)

1. the act or fact ofinterfering so as to modify.

2. any measure whose purpose is to improve health or alterthe course of disease.

(The Free Dictionary by Farlex, http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/intervention)

innesotaModelTheInterventionWheel

/www.dhs.wisconsin.gov/phnc/InterventionWheel/index.htm


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Historical Perspective Folk Customs

Religious Practices

Does Human Progress Create Disease?

Ergot of Rye: fungus Claviceps Purpurea


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Current Views

The Hypertension Paradox More UncontrolledDisease despite Improved Therapy, Aram V. Chobanian,MD, N Engl J Med 2009;361:878-87

Treatment and Management of Cancer in the Elderly,Basic and Clinical Oncology, Vol. 34, Muss, Hunter and Johnson ed.,

Informa Healthcare, 2006.

Harnessing the Power of Default Options to ImproveHealth Care,Halpern, Ubel and Asch, 2007, N Engl J Med 357;13

Communal Responsibility for Health Care The

Example of Benefit Assessment in Germany, Sawicki,Peter T., 10.1056/NEJMp0908797

A Randomized Trial of Tai Chi for Fibromyalgia,Wang,Schmid, Rones, Kalish, Yinh, Goldenberg, Lee and McAlindon, 2010, N EnglJ Med 363(*):743-754 doi:10.1056/NEJMoa0912611


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Disease Process vs. Medical InterventionWhat type of Medical Intervention?

Surgeries/Therapies vs. Palliative Care vs. Preventative Care

What type of Preventative Care?

Initiated self-care vs. forced self-care vs. gene therapy vs. blood-letting

vs. Disease Process

What type of Disease Process? And on and on

disease v. medical intervention

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