disease in coconut

8/7/2019 Disease in Coconut

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DEVELOPMENT OF AN IN TEGRAT ED PEST M AN AGEMENTPACK AGE FOR TH E ERIOPHYI D MIT E ( Ac er i a gue r re ron i s

K EIFER) OF COCONUT IN SOUTH ERN STA TES

Dr.S. Pala nis am yProfes so r & Head

Dept . o f En t om ologyTNAU, Coim bat ore

DEVELOPMENT OF AN IN TEGRATED PEST MA NA GEMENTPACK AGE FOR TH E ERIOPHY ID MI TE ( Ac er i a gue r re ron i s

K EIFER) OF COCONU T IN SOUT HERN STA TES

Dr.S. Pala nis am yProfes so r & Head

Dept . o f En t om ologyTNAU, Coim bat ore


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Triangular yellow patch


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Young nuts showing damage symptoms


5/28

Gummy exudation-splits


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Severely infested nuts at harvest


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A colony of eriophyid mite


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Total life cycle : 7-9 days

Egg period : 2.5 - 4 daysProtonymph : 2 - 3 days

Deutonymph : 2 - 3 days

Adult mite : length 200-250: width 36-52


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Bio ecology Time of entry of mites into the bracts about

50 days after the opening of the

inflorescence

Palms of all ages and nut colour wereinfested

A few mites were trapped in sticky traps setat crown level- Air borne


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Population density of Aceria guerreronis

in nuts of different age

9

20

73

61

39

24

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

1 2 3 4 5 6

N u m

b e r o

f m

i t e s

/ 4 s q .

m m

Age of nuts (in months) (after fertilization)


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Palmyra, Borassus flabellifer

new alternate host

Healthy Infested


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Screening of coconut germplasms and

hybrids against eriophyid miteCent re No. o f

GenotypesTole ran t

g e n o t y p e sMeangrade

Al iya rnagar 27 K ent ha l i 1 .1

Gangabondam 2.2

Veppank u lam 33 Gangabondam 2.0

TNAU 30 Phi l ipp inesord ina ry

2 .0


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Preda to ry mi t e sP reda to ry mi t e s

Amblyseius paspalivorus ( Phytoseiidae )

Bdella sp.(Bdellidae)

Predatory potential low


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Effect of Ecofriendly agents against Mite(Spot application)

TreatmentsMean % reduction inmite population after

3 roundsNeem oil 3 % 65Neem oil + GarlicEmulsion 2%

63

Azadirachtin 1%(5 ml/lit.) 66FORS( 40 g/litre) 59


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Effect of Azadirachtin against Mite(Root feeding)

Treatments Mean % reductionin mite populationafter two rounds

Neemazal 5%(7.5 ml+7.5 ml.)

63

Econeem plus 1%(7.5 ml.+ 7.5 ml. water) 54

Econeem plus 1%(10 ml.+ 10 ml. water)

60


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Effect of Insecticides against Mite

(Spot Application)Acaricide / Insecticide

(ml. or g / lit)

Mean % reduction in

mite population after3 roundsDicofol 18.5 EC (6 ml ) 62.0Monocrotophos 36 SL(5ml) 70.6Triazophos 40 EC (5ml) 73.7

Carbosulfan 25 EC (5 ml) 68.9Wettable Sulphur 80 WP (6g) 61.8Ethion 50 EC (4 ml) 58.0


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Effect of Insecticides against Mite(Root Feeding)

Acaricide / InsecticideMean % reduction inmite Population after

two roundsMonocrotophos 36 SL(15ml +15 ml water/ tree)

73

Triazophos 40 EC(15ml +15 ml water/ tree) 71Carbosulfan 25 EC

(15ml +15 ml water/ tree)79


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Hirsutella thompsonii infected mite


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Effect of mycohit against mite(after 5 rounds*)

TreatmentMite

population/

4 sq.mm.**

Damagegrade index

at harvestMycohit 29.32 2.25

Control 30.20 2.15

*Five sprays at 7 days interval ;** 15 days after last spraying

IPM P k


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IPM Package(Agronom ic practices)

Application of recomm ended dose of N (urea 1.3 k g) and P (Superphosphate- 2kg) and increased dose of K (MoP -3.5kg) / tree/ year

Applicat ion of FYM 50 Kg and neem cake 5 Kg/ tree/ year

Soil application of micronutrients as per local recomm endationBorax 50 g/ t ree/ yearGypsum 1.0 Kg/ tree/ yearMagnesium sulphate 0.5 Kg/ tree/ year

(or)TNAU Micronutrient solution 200 ml / t ree

Basin cultivation of a green manure crop like sunnhemp, cow pea,calapagonium etc. and incorporating insitu .

Judicious irrigation management and inter crop cultivationMulching of coconut leaves and husk in the basinRecycling of bio-mass generated in the coconut ecosystem.


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IPM Package(Plant protection)

Spot (Topical) application of any one of the follow ing ecofriendly

agents preferably during non rainy season (three sprays/ year).

Azadirachtin 10000 ppm (1% ) 5 .0 ml/ lit . of wa terNeem oi l 3% -30m1/ l it of w ater

Neem oil (2% ) + garl ic extract (2% ) / l it of w ater

Root feeding can be adopted w herever spraying is difficult.

Azadirachtin 5% 7.5 ml.+7.5 ml. of w ater/ tree(or)

Azadirachtin 1% 10 ml.+10 ml. of w ater/ tree


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M ite populationPooled mean of 3 locations

M ite Population(after tw o years)

TreatmentsNo./ 4 sq.

mm% reductionover control

IPMpackage 15.6 50.6

Control 31.6 -


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Per cent green nut damage

(Pooled mean of bunch 4,5 and 6)

% damageTreatments Pre After I I

yearIPM

package 64.5 42.6Control 71.6 79.9

D g g d t


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Damage grade at

harvestM GI

TreatmentsPre After 2

yrsIPM package 4.1 2.7

Control 4.2 4.5

G1: No damage G2: 1 10% G4: 26-50% G5: >50 %G3: 11-25%


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Nut Yield Yield(nut /palm/year)

Treatments

Pre I I year

IPMpackage 98 148 45.1

Control 100 102 -

% increasein yield over

control


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Benefit CostAnalysis

Treatment After tw o

years

IPMpackage 3.9


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Res idue p ro f i l e o f insec t i c ides app l i ed by

r o ot f e ed i ng @1 5 m l + 1 5 m l o f w a t e r

Res idue p ro f i l e o f insec t i c ides app l i ed byr o ot f e ed i ng @1 5 m l + 1 5 m l o f w a t e r

Max. Residue observed

(g/ g)- days

W ater kernel

30 45 30 45

M onocrotophos Aliyarnagar 0.05 BDL 0.28 BDL 45 0.01

Triazophos Aliyarnagar 0.06 BDL 0.28 BDL 60 0.01

Profenophos Bhavanisagar 0.04 BDL 0.19 BDL 60 0.01

Waitingperiod(days )

MRL(g/g)Insecticide Location

B DL B e l ow De t e c t a b l e L e v el

disease in coconut

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