discovery of mammalian diversity
DESCRIPTION
Discovery of Mammalian Diversity. Reeder et al., 2007. Described in 2013. Nycticebus kayan Kayan River slow loris. Bassaricyon neblion ( olinguito ). Craseonycteris thonlongyai bumble-bee bat < 2 grams. Balaenoptera musculus blue whale 200 Million grams. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Discovery of Mammalian Diversity
Reeder et al., 2007
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Described since I last taught Mammalogy (2014)
Petrogale wilkinsi (Wilkins’ rock wallaby)
5 new species of Pithecia, includingP. rylandsi
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Craseonycteris thonlongyaibumble-bee bat< 2 grams
Balaenoptera musculusblue whale200 Million grams
Thewissen et al.1994. Science, 263:210.
Simmons et al. 2008. Nature, 451:818.
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Gliding species (e.g., Petaurus breviceps)
Saltatorial species (e.g., Dipodomys ordi)
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Fossorial forms (e.g., Thomomys bottae)
Arboreal forms (e.g., Bradypus tridactylus)
Myrmecophagous forms (e.g., Orycteropus afer)
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*Hair, *sebaceous glands, *sweat glands
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Four-chambered Heart
Nucleated erythrocytes Annucleate erythrocytes
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*Renal Artery and Vein
Other tetrapods have a renal portal system.
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*Muscularized Diaphragm
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*Facial Muscles
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*Dorsal Pallium
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Eleven Soft Anatomy Characters
1) *Lactation
2) Vivipary
3) *Hair
4) *Sweat/*Sebaceous Glands
5) Endothermy
6) 4-Chambered heart
7) *Annucleate RBCs
8) *Renal Artery
9) *Muscular Diaphragm
10 ) *Facial muscles
11) *Dorsal Pallium expands cerebrum
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*Atlas/Axis Complex
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*3 Ear Ossicles
Ancestral Mammalian
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8 Cranial Characters
1) Double occipital condyle
2) *Atlas/Axis complex
3) *Tympanic bone
4) *Three ear ossicles
5) *Dentary is only bone in mandible
6) Single external naris
7) Secondary palate
8) Respiratory turbinates
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Dental Characters
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5 Dental Characters
1) Lack palatal teeth
2) *Diphyodont
3) Thecodont
4) Heterodont
5) Multicuspate
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Axial Skeleton
7 (9)
12 or 13
Variable
Ribs only onthoracic
*Extreme Regionalization
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*Limb Bones have Epiphyses
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*Calcaneum (Heel bone)
Calcaneum
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No anterior/posterior coracoids, No interclavicle
Pectoral Girdle
Ancestrally, there was aninterclavicle, and both anterior and posterior coracoids.
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Pelvic GirdleIlium, Ischium and Pubis fusedto form the Innominate bone.
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Limbs Rotate under Body(Parasagittal posture)
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4 Appendicular Skeleton Characters
1) *Limb bones have epiphyses.
2) *Calcaneum.
3) *Reduction of elements in limb girdles.
4) Parasagittal limb posture.