discovery of cells cells- smallest unit of matter that can carry on all the processes of life
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Discovery of Cells Cells- smallest unit of matter that can carry on all the processes of life](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649e4b5503460f94b3fd9b/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Discovery of Cells
• Cells- smallest unit of matter that can carry on all the processes of life.
![Page 2: Discovery of Cells Cells- smallest unit of matter that can carry on all the processes of life](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649e4b5503460f94b3fd9b/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Discovery of Cells
• Leewenhoek was one of first inventors of microscope and therefore one of first to describe microscopic organisms and living cells.
![Page 3: Discovery of Cells Cells- smallest unit of matter that can carry on all the processes of life](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649e4b5503460f94b3fd9b/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Discovery of Cells
• Hooke named them cells & influenced others to explore their existence.
![Page 4: Discovery of Cells Cells- smallest unit of matter that can carry on all the processes of life](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649e4b5503460f94b3fd9b/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
The Cell Theory:
1. All living things are made of 1 or more cells
2. Cells are basic units of structure and function in an organism.
3. Cells come from preexisting cells.
![Page 5: Discovery of Cells Cells- smallest unit of matter that can carry on all the processes of life](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649e4b5503460f94b3fd9b/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
The CellThere are 2 types of cells:
1. Prokaryotic
2. Eukaryotic
![Page 6: Discovery of Cells Cells- smallest unit of matter that can carry on all the processes of life](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649e4b5503460f94b3fd9b/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Prokaryotic Cells1. No nuclear membrane
2. No membrane bound organelles (except ribosomes!)
3. Found only in Kingdoms Eubacteria and Archaebacteria
4. Extremely small
![Page 7: Discovery of Cells Cells- smallest unit of matter that can carry on all the processes of life](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649e4b5503460f94b3fd9b/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Eukaryotic
1. Definite membrane bound nucleus
2. Contains membrane bound organelles
3. Found in Kingdom Animal, Plant, Fungi, & Protista
4. Slightly larger
![Page 8: Discovery of Cells Cells- smallest unit of matter that can carry on all the processes of life](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649e4b5503460f94b3fd9b/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Factors governing cell size
• Functions of the cells; More activity, more organelles, larger cells
• Surface area: Volume Ratio
(small animal, high metabolism)
![Page 9: Discovery of Cells Cells- smallest unit of matter that can carry on all the processes of life](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649e4b5503460f94b3fd9b/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Cell Organelles1. Nucleus- Control center of cell;
surrounded by a double-layered membrane. (Nucleolus= Houses DNA)
![Page 10: Discovery of Cells Cells- smallest unit of matter that can carry on all the processes of life](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649e4b5503460f94b3fd9b/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Cell Organelles
2. Golgi Apparatus- Shipping Plant. Flat membranous sacs (like pancake stack). Function: synthesis, storing, shipping materials.
![Page 11: Discovery of Cells Cells- smallest unit of matter that can carry on all the processes of life](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649e4b5503460f94b3fd9b/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Cell Organelles
3. Lysosomes- Garbage disposal & collection. Sacs full of disgestive enzymes. Some store food.
![Page 12: Discovery of Cells Cells- smallest unit of matter that can carry on all the processes of life](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649e4b5503460f94b3fd9b/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Cell Organelles
4. Vacuoles- Also digestive sacs. Pump out excess material, digestion, store food. Mostly in plants & protists.
![Page 13: Discovery of Cells Cells- smallest unit of matter that can carry on all the processes of life](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649e4b5503460f94b3fd9b/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Cell Organelles5. Mitochondria- Power plant. Location
where energy is produced (cell respiration). Double membrane (outer-smooth; inner-folded called cristae). Has own DNA
![Page 14: Discovery of Cells Cells- smallest unit of matter that can carry on all the processes of life](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649e4b5503460f94b3fd9b/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Cell Organelles
6. Chloroplast- Site of photosynthesis. Double membrane (outer-smooth; inner-stacks of coins call thylakoid membrane). Special plastid only in plant cells.
Sunlight + H20 + CO2 = Glucose + O2
![Page 15: Discovery of Cells Cells- smallest unit of matter that can carry on all the processes of life](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649e4b5503460f94b3fd9b/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Cell Organelles7. Cytoskeleton- Cell skeleton.
Support & movement. Microtubules (hollow) & microfilaments (solid). Cilia & flagella are special microtubules on the outside of cells for movement.
![Page 16: Discovery of Cells Cells- smallest unit of matter that can carry on all the processes of life](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649e4b5503460f94b3fd9b/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Cell Organelles
8. Ribosome- Protein Synthesis. Works w/ RNA. Small round organelles in cytoplasm & on endoplasmic reticulum.
![Page 17: Discovery of Cells Cells- smallest unit of matter that can carry on all the processes of life](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649e4b5503460f94b3fd9b/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Cell Organelles
9. Endoplasmic Reticulum- Highway of cell.
a. Rough ER- Has ribosomes. Protein synthesis and movement.
b. Smooth ER- lipid production & movement
![Page 18: Discovery of Cells Cells- smallest unit of matter that can carry on all the processes of life](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649e4b5503460f94b3fd9b/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Cell Organelles
10. Cell Wall- Made of cellulose. Only in plant and bacteria cells. Provides stability and framework.
![Page 19: Discovery of Cells Cells- smallest unit of matter that can carry on all the processes of life](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649e4b5503460f94b3fd9b/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Cell Organelles
11. Cytoplasm- liquid part of cell
12. Cell Membrane- Boundary of the cell. Semipermeable.
![Page 20: Discovery of Cells Cells- smallest unit of matter that can carry on all the processes of life](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649e4b5503460f94b3fd9b/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Cell Organelles
13. Centrioles- special microtubules that assist in mitosis (cell reproduction).
Centriole