disaster risk reduction and water , sanitation and … · disasters and disaster risk reduction:...
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GLOBAL WASH CLUSTER CAPACITY BUILDING FOR HUMANITARIAN RESPONSE
A GUIDELINE FOR FIELD PRACTITIONERS PLANNING AND IMPLEMENTING WASH INTERVENTIONS
DISASTER RISK REDUCTION AND
WATER, SANITATION AND HYGIENE…
COMPREHENSIVE GUIDANCE
3DR
R AN
D WASH
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An
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Da
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Ben
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ecks
Isa
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terc
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. Gla
y (
Act
ion
Con
tre
la F
aim
C
AR
E
.
GLOBAL
WASH
CLUSTER
GLOBAL
WASH
CLUSTER
PS
O
2DR
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D WASH
4DR
R AN
D WASH
5DR
R AN
D WASH
TABLE OF CON
TENTS
1.
ACRO
NYMS
CC
CC
AD
RA
DR
RE
PP
HP
KA
P
NG
O
PR
AU
SD
VD
CW
AS
HW
SP
GLOBAL
WASH
CLUSTER
GLOBAL
WASH
CLUSTER
6DR
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D WASH
6DR
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D WASH
1.1 SCOP
E OF THE GUIDELINE
7DR
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D WASH
1
7DR
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1
1 Insect infestation, animal stampede and meteorite im
pact will not be covered in the guideline
1
1 INTRO
DUCTION
8DR
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D WASH
1
9DR
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D WASH
2 DI
SASTERS AN
D DISASTER RISK REDU
CTION:
CONC
EPTS AND
CON
TEXT
2 The UNISDR (United Nations International Strategy for Disaster Reduction) definition of a disaster is ‘A serious disruption
of the functioning of a community or a society involving widespread human, m
aterial, economic or environmental losses and
impacts, which exceeds the ability of the affected community or society to cope using its own resources’.
3 http://www.emdat.be/natural-disasters-trends
2.1 DISASTERS AN
D DISASTER TREND
S 3
1.2 TARG
ET AUD
IENC
E
1.3 STRU
CTUR
E OF THE DOC
UMEN
T
10DR
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D WASH
2
2.2 DISASTER RISK
1
haz
ard
2
6
4 http://www.paho.org/English/DPI/Number6_article6.htm
5 The UNISDR definition of a hazard is ‘A dangerous phenomenon, substance, human activity
or condition that may cause loss of life, injury or other health im
pacts, property damage, loss
of livelihoods and services, social and economic disruption, or environmental damage’.
6 The UNISDR definition of vulnerability is ‘The characteristics and circumstances of a
community, system or asset that make it susceptible to the damaging effects of a hazard’.
11DR
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2
7
7 The UNISDR definition of a capacity is ‘The combination of all the strengths, attributes and resources
available within a community, society or organization that can be used to achieve agreed goals’.
12DR
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D WASH
2
2.3 DISASTER RISK REDU
CTION
DR
R
8 The UNISDR definition of a Disaster Risk Reduction is ‘The concept and practice of reducing disaster risks
through systematic efforts to analyse and manage the causal factors of disasters, including through
reduced exposure to hazards, lessened vulnerability of people and property, wise management of land and
the environment, and im
proved preparedness for adverse events.
9 The UNISDR definition of a Resilience is ‘The ability of a system, community or society exposed to hazards
to resist, absorb, accommodate to and recover from the effects of a hazard in a timely and efficient manner,
including through the preservation and restoration of its essential basic structures and functions.
13DR
R AN
D WASH
2
-
-
auth
ori
ties
14DR
R AN
D WASH
2
2.3.1 MAINS
TREAMING DISASTER RISK REDU
CTION
10 http://www.unisdr.org/eng/hfa/docs/HFA-brochure-English.pdf
11 http://www.globalnetwork-dr.org/reports/VFLfullreport0609.pdf
15DR
R AN
D WASH
2
10
leve
ls
11.
16DR
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2.3.2 DR
R IN THE EMERGENC
Y MAN
AGEM
ENT CYCLE
12 13
12 The UNISDR definition of Prevention is ‘The outright avoidance of adverse im
pacts of hazards and related disasters’.
13 The UNISDR definition of Mitigation is ‘The lessening or limitation of the adverse im
pacts of hazards and related disasters’.
14 The UNISDR definition of Preparedness is ‘The knowledge and capacities developed by governments,
professional response and recovery organizations, communities and individuals to effectively anticipate,
respond to, and recover from, the im
pacts of likely, imminent or current hazard events or conditions’.
17DR
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D WASH
15 http://www.ipcc.ch/pdf/assessment-report/ar4/syr/ar4_syr_appendix.pdf
DEVELOPM
ENT
PHAS
E
GENERAL SCOPE OF AC
TION
SPECIFIC AIM AND
EXAMPLES
2
2
18DR
R AN
D WASH
19DR
R AN
D WASH
RECO
VERY
EMER
GENCY
RESP
ONSE
2
2
PHA
SE
GENERAL SCOPE OF AC
TION
SPECIFIC AIM AND
EXAMPLES
PH
ASE
GENERAL SCOPE OF AC
TION
SPECIFIC AIM AND
EXAMPLES
20DR
R AN
D WASH
21DR
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D WASH
3
3.1 INTEGR
ATION OF DRR
IN WASH IN THE DIFFERENT PHA
SES OF
THE EM
ERGENC
Y MAN
AGEM
ENT CYCLE
3 D
RR AND
WASH SERV
ICES
22DR
R AN
D WASH
3
1. 2. 3.
23DR
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D WASH
3
3.1.1 TO REDUC
E THE PO
TENTIAL IMPA
CT OF HA
ZARD
EVENTS ON
WASH SERV
ICES (I.E. M
ITIGATION)
24DR
R AN
D WASH
3
3.1.2 TO ENS
URE RA
PID SERV
ICE LEVEL AN
D STRU
CTUR
AL RECOVERY OF
WASH SERV
ICES AFTER HAZAR
D EVEN
TS (I.E. PREPA
REDN
ESS)
1.
16 http://www.who.int/water_sanitation_health/dwq/GDW4revrev1and2.pdf
17 http://www.who.int/water_sanitation_health/publication_9789241562638/en/index.htm
l
25DR
R AN
D WASH
3
17
16
use
rs
dat
e
26DR
R AN
D WASH
3
2. 3. 3.1.3 TO ENS
URE THE DESIGN
OF THE SYSTEM
S AD
DRESSES EARLIER VULNERAB
ILITIES
27DR
R AN
D WASH
3
3.1.4 TO ENS
URE WASH SERV
ICES HAVE MINIMAL NEGATIVE EFFECTS ON
SOC
IETY
(I.E. DO NO
HAR
M)
28DR
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D WASH
3
3.2 INTEGR
ATION OF DRR
IN THE EMERGENC
Y RESP
ONSE PHA
SE
1. 2. 3. 3.2.1 ASSESSMEN
T AN
D AN
ALYSIS IN THE EMERGENC
Y RESP
ONSE PHA
SE
29DR
R AN
D WASH
3
Wh
o
Res
ult
s
ASSESS
MEN
T IN HUM
ANITAR
IAN PH
ASE
30DR
R AN
D WASH
3
31DR
R AN
D WASH
3
3.2.2 ACTION
PLANN
ING IN THE EMERGENC
Y RESP
ONSE PHA
SEWAS
H SERV
ICES
SERV
ICE TYPES
EXAM
PLES OF MEASU
RES
32DR
R AN
D WASH
3
33DR
R AN
D WASH
3
3.3 INTEGR
ATION OF DRR
IN THE RECOVERY AN
D DEVELOPM
ENT PH
ASES
Use
rs
Oth
er
Use
rs
WA
SH
Res
ult
s:1. 2. 1.
11.
21.
3OVER
ALL GO
AL
INDICA
TORS
SERV
ICE TYPES
EXAM
PLES OF MEASU
RES
34DR
R AN
D WASH
3
1. 2. 3. 3.3.1 ASSESSMEN
T, ANA
LYSIS AN
D ACTION
PLANN
ING IN THE RECOVERY AN
D
DEVELOPM
ENT PH
ASES BASED ON A WOR
KED EXAM
PLE
35DR
R AN
D WASH
3
Wh
o
Res
ult
s
ASSESS
MEN
T IN RECOV
ERY AN
D DEVELOPM
ENT PH
ASES
36DR
R AN
D WASH
3
1.
37DR
R AN
D WASH
3
2.
1
18 Adapted from: Venton, P.; Hansford, B
. (2006) Reducing risk of disaster in our communities.
A-
B-
C-
D-
E-
F
-G
- H
-
INDIVIDU
AL W
ASH SYSTEM
NO.
INDIVIDU
AL COM
PONEN
TS OF WAS
H SYSTEM
S
1 2 3 6 7 1 2
HA
ZARD
DESCR
IPTION
LAN
DSLIDE
38DR
R AN
D WASH
3
39DR
R AN
D WASH
3
HA
ZARD
DESCR
IPTION
LAN
DSLIDE
40DR
R AN
D WASH
3
41DR
R AN
D WASH
3
- -
HAZARD
LANDS
LIDE
HA
ZARD
EXP
OSUR
E
2. lo
w
2. lo
w
2. lo
w
2. lo
w
2. lo
w
2. lo
w
HAZARD
LANDS
LIDE
HA
ZARD
EXP
OSUR
E
42DR
R AN
D WASH
3
B
. E
.H
2.
43DR
R AN
D WASH
3
1. lo
w
wh
ile s
ever
al
thes
e w
ere
HAZARD
LANDS
LIDE
VULN
ERAB
ILITIES TOWAR
DS HAZAR
D
CA
PACITIES TOW
ARDS
HAZAR
DWAS
H SERV
ICE OR
FUNCTIONAL UNIT
Use
rs
Oth
er
Use
rs
Oth
er
Use
rs
Oth
er
I … … Use
rs
Oth
er
1. lo
w
HAZARD
LANDS
LIDE
VULN
ERAB
ILITIES TOWAR
DS HAZAR
D
CA
PACITIES TOW
ARDS
HAZAR
DWAS
H SERV
ICE OR
FUNCTIONAL UNIT
44DR
R AN
D WASH
3
45DR
R AN
D WASH
3
HAZARD
LANDS
LIDE
5: ALM
OST CERTAIN (>1 EVEN
T PER 5 YEAR
S)PR
OBAB
ILITY OF OCC
URRE
NCE
Haz
ard
46DR
R AN
D WASH
3
47DR
R AN
D WASH
3
resu
lts
OVERALL OB
JECTIVE TO IM
PROV
E, IN
A SUS
TAINAB
LE MAN
NER, HEALTH AN
D WELL-BEING OF VULNERAB
LE HOU
SEHO
LDS IN THE PRO
VINCE OF EL PRO
GRESO
OBJECTIVELY VERIFIAB
LE IN
DICA
TORS
INTERV
ENTION
LOG
IC
RISK
S AN
DAS
SUMPTIONS
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.6
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.6
3.1
3.2
3.3
HAZARD
LANDS
LIDE
WA
SH
SOUR
CES OF
VERIFICA
TION
48DR
R AN
D WASH
19 Adapted from http://www.maf.govt.nz/mafnet/rural-nz/emergency-
management/snow/farm
-response-to-2006-canterbury-snow/page-06.htm
20 Adapted from http://www.maf.govt.nz/mafnet/rural-nz/emergency-
management/snow/farm
-response-to-2006-canterbury-snow/page-06.htm
49
THE PR
ESSURE AND
RELEASE (PAR
) MOD
ELTHE WASH SERV
ICE
PERFOR
MAN
CE FRA
MEW
ORK
ANNE
X
1AN
NEX
2
50DR
R AN
D WASH
21 Adapted from references R3, R
4, R
5, R
6, R
31, R
33, R
34, R35, R
36, R
38
51DR
R AN
D WASH
HAZARD
: EAR
THQU
AKE
(SHA
KING AN
D DISP
LACEMEN
T OF THE
GRO
UND)
ANNE
X
3
MITIGATION AN
D PR
EPAR
EDNESS
MEASURES FOR WASH SYSTEM
S21
ANNE
X
3
52DR
R AN
D WASH
53DR
R AN
D WASH
HAZARD
: TSU
NAM
IHA
ZARD
: VOLCA
NIC ERU
PTION
(WAV
ES CAU
SED BY A RAP
ID DISPLAC
EMEN
T OF W
ATER)
(VOLCA
NIC ACTIVITY CA
USING RO
CK FALL, ASH
FALL, LAV
A STRE
AMS AN
D RE
LEAS
E OF GAS
)
ANNE
X
3AN
NEX
3
54DR
R AN
D WASH
55DR
R AN
D WASH
HAZARD
: SUB
SIDENCE
(LOW
ERING OF THE
EAR
THS’ SUR
FACE IN
RELATION TO A DATUM
)
HAZARD
: MAS
S MOV
EMEN
T (I.E. LAN
DSLIDE, M
UDFLOW
, ROC
KFALL, AVA
LANCH
E…)
(SLOW TO RA
PID MOV
EMEN
T OF SOIL OR
ROC
K BY GRA
VITY)
ANNE
X
3AN
NEX
3
56DR
R AN
D WASH
57DR
R AN
D WASH
HAZARD
: GEN
ERAL FLOOD
/ FLASH
FLOOD
(ONE OF HAZAR
DS LINKED TO TRO
PICA
L CYCLON
E)HA
ZARD
: GEN
ERAL FLOOD
/ FLASH
FLOOD
(ONE OF HAZAR
DS LINKED TO TRO
PICA
L CYCLON
E)
(GEN
ERAL FLOOD
: SLOWLY RISING WATER LEVELS CA
USED BY RA
INFALL OR SN
OWMELT;
FLASH
FLOOD
: RAP
IDLY RISING WATER LEVELS, CAU
SED BY RAINFALL, DAM
BUR
ST…)
HAZARD
: STORM
SUR
GE (ONE OF HAZAR
DS LINKED TO TRO
PICA
L CYCLON
E)
(SHO
RT-TER
M RISE IN SEA LEVEL ABO
VE NOR
MALLY EXP
ECTED TIDE)
ANNE
X
3AN
NEX
3
58DR
R AN
D WASH
59DR
R AN
D WASH
HAZARD
: EXTRE
ME TEMPERA
TURE
S - H
IGH TEMPERA
TURE
S
Oth
er
HAZARD
: WIND STOR
M (ONE OF HAZAR
DS LINKED TO TRO
PICA
L CYCLON
E)
(WINDS
WITH HIGH
SPEEDS)
(WINDS
WITH HIGH
SPEEDS)
ANNE
X
3AN
NEX
3
60DR
R AN
D WASH
61DR
R AN
D WASH
HAZARD
: EXTRE
ME TEMPERA
TURE
S - LOW
TEM
PERA
TURE
SHA
ZARD
: EXTRE
ME TEMPERA
TURE
S - LOW
TEM
PERA
TURE
S
HAZARD
: DRO
UGHT
(LON
GER PERIOD
OF TIME WITH BELOW AVERA
GE AMOU
NTS OF PR
ECIPITATION)
ANNE
X
3AN
NEX
3
62DR
R AN
D WASH
63DR
R AN
D WASH
HAZARD
: FIRE
(UNCO
NTROLLED FIRE)
Oth
er
ANNE
X
3AN
NEX
3
HAZARD
: DRO
UGHT
64DR
R AN
D WASH
65DR
R AN
D WASH
HAZARD
: EPIDEMIC
(INCR
EASE IN
THE
NUM
BER OF CAS
ES OF AN
INFECTIOUS
DISEASE ABO
VE W
HAT IS CON
SIDERED NOR
MAL LEVEL)
GENERIC MITIGATION AN
D PR
EPAR
EDNESS MEASU
RES
ANNE
X
3AN
NEX
3
66DR
R AN
D WASH
67DR
R AN
D WASH
Use
rs
Oth
er
ANNE
X
3AN
NEX
3
GENERIC MITIGATION AN
D PR
EPAR
EDNESS MEASU
RES
GENERIC MITIGATION AN
D PR
EPAR
EDNESS MEASU
RES
68DR
R AN
D WASH
69DR
R AN
D WASH
Oth
er
Use
rs
ANNE
X
3AN
NEX
3
GENERIC MITIGATION AN
D PR
EPAR
EDNESS MEASU
RES
GENERIC MITIGATION AN
D PR
EPAR
EDNESS MEASU
RES
70DR
R AN
D WASH
71DR
R AN
D WASH
WATER SUP
PLY
WATER SUP
PLY
ISSU
E PO
TENTIAL NEGATIVE EFFECTS
POSS
IBLE MEASU
RES
ISSU
E PO
TENTIAL NEGATIVE EFFECTS
POSS
IBLE MEASU
RES
ANNE
X
4
POTENTIAL N
EGATIVE EFFECTS OF
SMALL-SCALE WASH SERV
ICES ON SOCIETY
ANNE
X
4
72DR
R AN
D WASH
73DR
R AN
D WASH
Cre
ate
Cre
ate
Cre
ate
EXCR
ETA DISP
OSAL
HYGIEN
E PR
ACTICE
ISSU
E PO
TENTIAL NEGATIVE EFFECTS
POSS
IBLE MEASU
RES
ISSU
E PO
TENTIAL NEGATIVE EFFECTS
POSS
IBLE MEASU
RES
ISSU
E PO
TENTIAL NEGATIVE EFFECTS
POSS
IBLE MEASU
RES
ISSU
E PO
TENTIAL NEGATIVE EFFECTS
POSS
IBLE MEASU
RES
ANNE
X
4AN
NEX
4
EXCR
ETA DISP
OSAL
WATER SUP
PLY
74DR
R AN
D WASH
75DR
R AN
D WASH
Cre
ate
VECTOR
CON
TROL
SOLID WAS
TE MAN
AGEM
ENT
SOLID WAS
TE MAN
AGEM
ENT
ISSU
E PO
TENTIAL NEGATIVE EFFECTS
POSS
IBLE MEASU
RES
ISSU
E PO
TENTIAL NEGATIVE EFFECTS
POSS
IBLE MEASU
RES
ISSU
E PO
TENTIAL NEGATIVE EFFECTS
POSS
IBLE MEASU
RES
ANNE
X
4AN
NEX
4
76DR
R AN
D WASH
77DR
R AN
D WASH
Cre
ate
Cre
ate
DRAINAG
E
DRAINAG
E
ISSU
E PO
TENTIAL NEGATIVE EFFECTS
POSS
IBLE MEASU
RES
ISSU
E PO
TENTIAL NEGATIVE EFFECTS
POSS
IBLE MEASU
RES
ISSU
E PO
TENTIAL NEGATIVE EFFECTS
POSS
IBLE MEASU
RES
ANNE
X
4AN
NEX
4
SOLID WAS
TE MAN
AGEM
ENT
78DR
R AN
D WASH
79DR
R AN
D WASH
ANNE
X
5
PUBLIC HEALTH PR
OJECT – KENYA (2007/08) - OXFAM
GREAT BRITAIN
COMMUN
ITY WATER SECUR
ITY PR
OGRA
M – MYANM
AR (2008/2009) –
INTERN
ATIONA
L RESCUE COM
MITTEE (W
RITTEN
BY BEN HA
RVEY, THE IRC)
LIVELIHO
ODS AN
D SH
ELTER PR
OJECT – INDIA (2010/11) – CAR
E INDIA
©
EXAM
PLES OF DR
R INTEGR
ATION IN WASH
ANNE
X
5
80DR
R AN
D WASH
DROU
GHT MITIGATION – INDIA – DISCIPLESH
IP CEN
TRE (DC)
IN PAR
TNERSH
IP WITH TEAR
FUND
22
DEVELOPM
ENT AN
D RISK
REDUC
TION
– INDIA – EVAN
GELICAL FELLOW
SHIP OF INDIA
COMMISSION
ON RELIEF (EFICO
R) IN PAR
TNERSH
IP WITH TEAR
FUND
23
22 Adapted from http://tilz.tearfund.org/webdocs/Tilz/Topics/DRR/
Drought%
20Mitigation%20in%20Rajasthan.pdf
23 Adapted from http://tilz.tearfund.org/webdocs/Tilz/Topics/Risk%20
reduction%20in%20Andhra%20Pradesh%20-%
20sm
aller.pdf
81DR
R AN
D WASH
FLOO
D EM
ERGENC
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ONSE – INDIA (2007/08) – OXFAM
INDIA
CHOLERA RESP
ONSE – MOZAM
BIQU
E (1998)
ANNE
X
5AN
NEX
5
82DR
R AN
D WASH
83DR
R AN
D WASH
R1
R2
R3
R6
R7
R10
R11
R12
R13
R16
R17
GENER
AL BAC
KGRO
UND WAS
H
KEY OR
GANISATIONS, GEN
ERAL IN
FORM
ATION RELATED TO DISAS
TERS
AND VERTICAL POR
TALS RELATING TO DISAS
TERS
GENERAL BAC
KGRO
UND DR
R & DR
R MAINSTREAM
ING
NO. TITLE
DESC
RIPTION
PUBLISHE
D BY – YEAR
SOUR
CENO. TITLE
DESC
RIPTION
PUBLISHE
D BY – YEAR
SOUR
CE
NO. TITLE
DESC
RIPTION
PUBLISHE
D BY – YEAR
SOUR
CE
GLOBAL
WASH
CLUSTER
REFERENC
ES AND
FUR
THER READING
GLOBAL
WASH
CLUSTER
84DR
R AN
D WASH
85DR
R AN
D WASH
R20
R21
R22
R23
R26
R27
R30
R31
R32
R33
GENER
AL BAC
KGRO
UND WAS
H
DRR GU
IDELINES AND TOOLS
GENER
AL BAC
KGRO
UND WAS
H
DRR INTEGR
ATION IN W
ASH
NO. TITLE
DESC
RIPTION
PUBLISHE
D BY – YEAR
SOUR
CE
NO. TITLE
DESC
RIPTION
PUBLISHE
D BY – YEAR
SOUR
CE
NO. TITLE
DESC
RIPTION
PUBLISHE
D BY – YEAR
SOUR
CE
NO. TITLE
DESC
RIPTION
PUBLISHE
D BY – YEAR
SOUR
CE
GLOBAL
WASH
CLUSTER
GLOBAL
WASH
CLUSTER
86DR
R AN
D WASH
87DR
R AN
D WASH
R36
R37GE
NER
AL BAC
KGRO
UND WAS
H
WATER SAFETY PLAN
S
ADDITION
AL RESOU
RCES
NO. TITLE
DESC
RIPTION
PUBLISHE
D BY – YEAR
SOUR
CE
NO. TITLE
DESC
RIPTION
PUBLISHE
D BY – YEAR
SOUR
CE
NO. TITLE
DESC
RIPTION
PUBLISHE
D BY – YEAR
SOUR
CE
GLOBAL
WASH
CLUSTER
INDEX
GLOBAL
WASH
CLUSTER
88DR
R AN
D WASH
89DR
R AN
D WASH
GLOBAL
WASH
CLUSTER
GLOBAL
WASH
CLUSTER
90DR
R AN
D WASH
91DR
R AN
D WASH
GLOBAL
WASH
CLUSTER
GLOBAL
WASH
CLUSTER
