Disaster Monitoring with Remote Sensing at CRISP, NUS

KWOH, Leong KeongDirector, CRISP

The 3rd Sentinel Asia Joint Project Team Meeting (JPTM)Le Meridien Hotel, Singapore

13-15 March 2007

13 metre Antenna

6 metre Antenna

1.5 metre Antenna

Data Processing Facilities

CRISP Ground CRISP Ground Station CoverageStation Coverage

CRISP Ground StationSatellite Data CRISP received since 1995:

1. SPOT 1,2,4 (France, Sep 1995) – 1,110,000 scenes

2. ERS 1,2 (Europe, Mar 1996) – 26,500 scenes

3. RADARSAT 1 (Canada, Apr 1997 till 1999) – 12,000 scenes

4. SeaWiFS (USA, Sep 1999)

5. TERRA MODIS (USA, March 2001)

6. IKONOS (USA, August 2001)

7. EROS (Israel, October 2001) – suspended due to ground equipment failure

8. AQUA MODIS (USA, July 2002)

9. SPOT 5 (October 2002) – 360,000 scenes

Forest Fire Monitoring

Regional fire monitoring operation

Planning SPOT passes aided by MODIS or AVHRR hot spot maps

SPOT data reception

Annoted fire image and fire report

Detection of fire and smoke plumes

Planning of SPOT Pass

SPOT 2 Image

MODIS Hotspot

Fires in 2006

The yearly vegetation fires in Sumatra and Kalimantan were made worse in 2006 by the onset of a mild El-Nino event.This brought drier weather at the tail end of the fire season (September and October) to South Sumatra and Kalimantan.The fires in South Sumatra and Kalimantan in this period were the most severe in recent years. The PSI in Singapore (on Oct 7) also hit the highest level since 1997.

High resolution satellite imagery: South Sumatra

SPOT4 Image, Sep 28, 2006

Red regions – recent burning activities (ground still very hot)

IKONOS Image, September 29, 2006

Systems of Canals, indicating intention of converting to plantations

Some Observations of the spatial and temporal patterns

of fires detected by high resolution SPOT images

Comparison of hotspots in September

Hotspots, 2nd half of September2005

Hotspots, 2nd half of September2006

Comparison of hotspots in October

Hotspots, 1st half of October2005

Hotspots, 1st half of October2006

Monthly Fire Count &. Monthly Rainfall (Sumatra)

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct NovDec

Aver

age

Mon

thly

Fire

Cou

nt

(Sum

atra

, 199

9 - 2

004)

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

Clim

atol

ogic

al M

ean

Mon

thly

R

ainf

all (

Peka

n B

aru)

Monthly Fire Count (Sumatra)2006 vs. 1999 – 2005 mean

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

Mon

thly

Fire

Cou

nt (S

umat

ra)

1999 - 2005 Mean

2006

Validation of MODIS Hotspots Using High

Resolution SPOT Images

SC Liew et al (2003), Proc. 24th Asian Conference on Remote Sensing & 2003 International Symposium on Remote Sensing Vol. I, pp. 671-673.

Validation of MODIS Hotspots

Use high resolution SPOT multispectral images as the reference dataThe reference SPOT data are acquired almost simultaneously as the MODIS dataDetection of fires in SPOT images» Use visible smoke plumes to locate fires» The locations of the active fires are determined from

the points of origin of the individual smoke plumes.» Intense fires with efficient combustion may not

produce sufficient smoke plumes and would not be detected. Such fires are not very common in the humid tropics, due to the high humidity.

Detection of MODIS hotspots» Use standard NASA v4 algorithm

An example:

19 Aug 2002 Central Kalimantan

SPOT acquisition: 02:58 UTC

MODIS acquisition 03:15 UTC

Yellow dots are locations of fires detected in SPOT

Green dots are locations of MODIS hotspots

Results

MODIS Hotspots

SPOT Fires

Validated by SPOT

180 Detected by MODIS

181

False Alarms 66 Not Detected 94

Total 246 Total 275

Commission Error Rate

26.8% Omission Error Rate

34.2%

Comparison with a study conducted in Southern Africa

MODIS Hotspots ASTER fires

Validated by ASTER

33 Detected by MODIS

33

False alarms 3 Undetected fires

98

Total 36 Total 131

Commission Error Rate

0.8% Omission Error Rate

74.8%

Source: C. O. Justice, L. Giglio, S. Korontzi, J. Owens, J. T. Morisette, D. Roy, J. Descloitres, S. Alleaume, F. Petitcolin, and Y. Kaufman, 2002. The MODIS fire products. Remote Sensing of Environment, 83:244-262.

South Asia TsunamiSouth Asia Tsunami

26 December 2004, 00:58 am (UTC), 07:58 am (local time)

Subduction of India plate under Sundaplate

10 Jan 2003 29 Dec 2004

Banda Aceh

19 km x 22 km

Banda Aceh

Banda Aceh

Lhoknga

Lhoknga

Java MudflowJava Mudflow(August 2006)(August 2006)

2005-10-06

2006-08-29

2005-09-25

2006-10-31

Other Natural DisastersOther Natural Disasters

09 May 2006 28 May 2006

060124 before Tsunami

060722 after Tsunami

Village of Guinsaugon on 2 Sept 2004

Village of Guinsaugon on 1 Mar 2006

IKONOS Image of PADANG (8 Mar 07)

IKONOS Image of SOLOK (8 Mar 07)

IKONOS Image of Bukit Tinggi (16 May 02)

IKONOS Image of Bukit Tinggi (08 Mar 07)

(Showing Landslides possibly results of Earthquake)

Sentinel Asia

(Fire Hotspots)

Implementation Progress

● CRISP Hotspot server to host our hotspots is ready; updated after every MODIS pass.

● CRISP server implemented with opensourceMapserver software originally developed by the University of Minnosota in 1994(http://mapserver.gis.umn.edu/)

● URL to access CRISP Webgis: ● http://crisp.nus.edu.sg

TERRA MODIS 12 Jan 07

TERRA MODIS 12 Jan 07

AQUA MODIS 12 Jan 07

AQUA MODIS 12 Jan 07