Institutional Case study on Disaster Response

SSNAIKM.Sc.AGRICULTURAL ENTOMOLOGY

TNAU,COIMBATORE

Institutional Case study on Disaster Response……

1.Introduction2.Case study 3.Conclusion4.References

Disasters………….

1.INTRODUCTION

What is a disaster ?ETYMOLOGY :DISASTER : GREEK WORD =BAD OR EVIL STAR

DEFINITION:UNISDR----“A serious disruption of the functioning of a community

or a society involving widespread human, material, economic orenvironmental losses and impacts, which exceeds the ability of theaffected community or society to cope using its own resources.”

What are the Institutions ?

NGOs : Non Government Organization HRD : Human Resource Development NIDM : National Institute of Disaster Management HR plan : Human Resource Plan IIPA : Indian Institute of Disaster Management NDMA : National Disaster Management Authority EPCO : Environmental Planning and Coordination Organization DMI : Disaster Mitigation Institute, BhopalMoEF : Ministry of Environment and Forests ATI : Administrative Training Institute UNDP : United Nation Development ProgrammeWALMI : Water and Land Management Institute FRI : Forest Research Institute, Dehradun DRR : Disaster Risk Reduction APELL : Awareness and Preparedness for Emergencies at Local Level

Armed force and police in disaster response International humanitarian assistance by the military The Armed Forces/Central Para Military Forces have traditionally

been always respond to the need to render yeomen service to the affected.

American Red Cross Episcopal Relief and Development Salvation ArmyWorld Vision The International Relief Friendship Foundation (IRFF) The Lutheran Disaster Response (LDR)Mennonite Disaster Services The National Emergency Response Team (NERT) The National Organization for Victim Assistance The Nazarene Disaster Response The REACT International

Institutions…………………….

Institutions…………………….

Institutions…………………….

2. Institutional Case Study

NGO

NGO: Non Governamental Organization

Number of internationally operating NGOS is estimated at 40,000.

India is estimated to have around 3.3 million NGOS in year 2009that is one NGO for less than 400 Indians, and many times thenumber of primary schools and primary health centres in India

NGOs are organisations that are nonprofit making, voluntary andindependent of government, engaged in activities concerningvarious societal and developmental issues.

Cyclone

On 14th October 1999, the southern coastal parts of Orissa suffered a cyclone that killed over 50 people and inflicted heavy damage on housing and infrastructure.

50 people and inflicted heavy damage on housing and infrastructure.

1ST TIME

Next came the super cyclone, which hit the state on29th October.

A total of 8,931 people and 4,40,000 livestock perished as a 36- hour long spell of superheavy winds and incessant rain destroyed houses, felled trees, and ravagedinfrastructure including bridges, roads, telecom and power systems. Storm surges andflash floods in rivers submerged hundreds of coastal villages. Over 18.9 million peoplewere affected, as over 2 million houses collapsed and over 1,843,000 hectares of cropswere destroyed. The state was simply not prepared for such a massive disaster.

2ND TIME

90 million trees, wiping off the green cover.

NGO Response to 1999 Cyclone…………………… NGOs active in Orissa responded to the 1999cyclone in three phases: Immediate phase Short-term phase Long term phase

1.Immediate Phase:

Relief operations and supplemented government efforts in dealing with the unprecedented disaster.

1.Orissa Disaster Mitigation Mission (ODMM) to their coordinate relief and restoration work ran a control room at the state capital and shared information with the government regarding problems faced in affected areas.

2.Orissa Development Action Forum

Community kitchens Clearing village roads, schools, cleaning water sources, disposing

carcasses. Medical aid to the ailing cyclone victims by running mobile health

camps Preventive measures taken by NGOs included distribution of

medicine, and efforts to raise disaster health awareness amongst people by organising community health camps.

Immediate phase…………………………….

Distributed temporary shelter materials among people soon after the cyclone

Rejuvenating people’s spirits and raising awareness about reconstruction challenges was an important part of NGO intervention..

Raise people’s depressed spirits by organising street theatres and participatory cultural shows, while some others set up Trauma Care Centres and undertook trauma counselling in worst affected villages

Immediate phase…………………………….

2.Short-term phase food security creation of community assets reviving schools, social mobilisation and group formation

Initiated food for work (FFW) programmes in affected villages

Vegetative regeneration through backyard and community nurseries.

Participatory impact and need assessment studies to prepare rehabilitation action plans.

Community based rehabilitation of orphan children at Mamata Grihas (transit houses).Community day care centres Setting up temporary sheds for classrooms and

providing textbooks to students

2.Short-term phase………………

workshop was organised at Erasama involving parents, teachers, andgovernment officials to identify problems suffered by children incyclone-hit areas.

Formation of village development committees to coordinaterestoration and rehabilitation initiatives at the community levelFormation of Functional groups comprising women, farmers, waterusers, and youth were also formed to carry out specific tasks.

2.Short-term phase…………………………

These efforts strengthened a rights-basedapproach to rehabilitation, and diverted people’sattention away from relief aid, which helped inaccelerating reconstruction activities.

2.Long -term phase Support to farmers’ groups in the form of seeds, implements,

tillage, irrigation facilities, and training. Restore non-farm livelihoods, which focused on

fishermen,handloom weavers, artisans, etc. Others facilitatedincome-generating activities by artisans, craftsmen, and the poor.

Promoting micro-credit activities among women groups andfacilitating their participation in income generating activitiesformed a part of the rehabilitation efforts of some NGOs.

Massive plantation activities were also carried out by NGOscommunity avenue, and backyard plantations in affected areas

Construction of over 60 Schools-cum Cyclone Shelters. These effortssupplement government initiatives to construct about 150 multi-purpose cyclone shelters with resource received from varioussources.

Construction of low-cost dwelling units for very poor families, largerNGOs and faith organisations constructed dwelling units for poorand vulnerable families in some worst affected villages.

The major shelter reconstruction programme, however, is beingimplemented by the state government, which would benefit 600,000cyclone-affected families.

2.Long -term phase…………………………

3.Conclusion

A single institution is not enough to show the response against thedisasters there should be all the institutions in that locality not onlyGovernment but also private show the response. Combined institutionaleffect is more effective than the single individual effect for exampleGovernment and NGOs are the most extreme mitigative institutionaleffect against the disasters.

4.REFERENCES 1.Human Resource and Capacity Development Plan for Disaster Management and Risk Reduction in India ___Government of India 20132.Government - NGO Collaboration for Disaster Reduction and Response:The India (Orissa) Experience

__ Mr. Aurobindo Behera (2002)3.The role of the affected state in humanitarian action: A case study on India

___Gareth Price and Mihir Bhatt (2009)

4.The Role of Local Institutions and their Interaction in Disaster Risk Mitigation:a Literature Review

___Norman M. Messer,(2003)5.Disaster Management in India: Analysis of Factors Impacting Capacity Building

___Bala Prasad Erramilli ,(2008)

6.GIS-based disaster management for Allahabad Sadar sub-district(India)

___S.H. Abbas, R.K. Srivastava and R.P. Tiwari7.Coordination during disaster Response

____Bhaskara Rao.M (2012)

PRESENTED BYS.SRINIVAS NAIKM.SC.ENTOMOLOGYID.NO.13-503-010