disaster emergency response a focus on search and rescue after a tsunami walter hays, global...
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DISASTER EMERGENCY RESPONSE
A FOCUS ON SEARCH AND RESCUE AFTER A TSUNAMI
Walter Hays, Global Alliance for Disaster Reduction, University of
North Carolina, USA
COMMUNITYCOMMUNITYCOMMUNITYCOMMUNITYDATA BASES DATA BASES AND INFORMATIONAND INFORMATIONDATA BASES DATA BASES AND INFORMATIONAND INFORMATION
HAZARDS: GROUND SHAKING GROUND FAILURE SURFACE FAULTING TECTONIC DEFORMATION TSUNAMI RUN UP AFTERSHOCKS
•NATURAL HAZARDS•INVENTORY•VULNERABILITY•LOCATION
RISK ASSESSMENTRISK ASSESSMENT
RISK
ACCEPTABLE RISK
UNACCEPTABLE RISK
GOAL: DISASTER GOAL: DISASTER RESILIENCERESILIENCE
•PREPAREDNESS•PROTECTION•EMERGENCY RESPONSE•RECOVERY
FOUR PILLARS OF FOUR PILLARS OF RESILIENCERESILIENCE
A DISASTER OCCURS WHEN A CITY’S PUBLIC POLICIES ALLOW IT TO BECOME …
UN—PREPARED
UN—PROTECTED
UN—ABLE TO RESPOND EFFECTIVELY
NON—RESILIENT IN THE RECOVERY PHASE
THE FOUR PILLARS OF DISASTER RESILIENCE
THE FOUR PILLARS OF DISASTER RESILIENCE
3. EMERGENCY RESPONSE (EVACUATION; MASS CARE; SEARCH AND RESCUE; EMERGENCY MEDICAL;
EMERGENCY TRANSPORTATION; LOCAL, REGIONAL, AND
INTERNATIONAL ASSISTANCE)…
3. EMERGENCY RESPONSE (EVACUATION; MASS CARE; SEARCH AND RESCUE; EMERGENCY MEDICAL;
EMERGENCY TRANSPORTATION; LOCAL, REGIONAL, AND
INTERNATIONAL ASSISTANCE)…
SEARCH AND RESCUE OPERATIONS: The Timely And
Intelligent Concentration of a City’s Resources to Meet
Extremely Urgent Needs During the First Few Days After The
Tsunami Wave Run Up
AN INTELLIGENT CITY IS READY TO CONDUCT SEARCH AN INTELLIGENT CITY IS READY TO CONDUCT SEARCH AND RESCUE OPERATIONS AFTER A TSUNAMI AND RESCUE OPERATIONS AFTER A TSUNAMI
AN INTELLIGENT CITY IS READY TO CONDUCT SEARCH AN INTELLIGENT CITY IS READY TO CONDUCT SEARCH AND RESCUE OPERATIONS AFTER A TSUNAMI AND RESCUE OPERATIONS AFTER A TSUNAMI
BUT ----SEARCH AND RESCUE,
THE LAST BEST CHANCE FOR SURVIVAL, HAS
LIMITS
THE TOHOKU EARTHQUAKE AND TSUNAMI
THE M9.0 EARTHQUAKE AND THE ACCOMP-ANYING TSUNAMI WERE CAUSED BY THE ONGOING SUBDUCTION OF THE PACIFIC AND EURASIAN TECTONIC PLATES.
BEFORE THE EARTHQUAKE AND TSUNAMI
THE EARTHQUAKE OCCURRED AT 2:46 PM,
MARCH 11, 2011
THE TSUNAMI ARRIVED ABOUT 15 MINUTES LATER:
3:01 PM, MARCH 11, 2011
AFTER THE EARTHQUAKE AND TSUNAMI
THE RESULT: A CATASTROPHE
• Japan’s social, technical, administrative, political, legal, health care, and economic systems were tested to their limits by the socio-economic impacts of the earthquake and tsunami, the radiation, and the harsh weather..
THE TOHOKU EARTHQUAKE IS NOW A M9.0 EVENT
The MEGA-earthquake, which struck at 2:46 pm on Friday, March 11th, could have caused a disaster….
THE EARTHQUAKE IS NOW A M9.0 EVENT
…BUT JAPAN was well prepared to cope with it.
A 7-10 M TSUNAM FOLLOWED IN ABOUT 15 MINUTES
Japan was also well prepared to cope with a tsunami, but ….
A 7-10 M TSUNAM FOLLOWED IN ABOUT 10 MINUTES
This tsunami was devastating, inun-dating towns, im-mobilizing airports and roads, destroy-ing buildings, and moving everything (e.g., people, cars) in its path as debris.
THE TSUNAMI TRANSFORMED A DISASTER INTO A CATASTROPHE
TSUNAMI DAMAGE
TSUNAMI DAMAGE
TSUNAMI DAMAGE
DIMENSIONS OF THE CATASTROPHE
WIDE SPREAD DAMAGE AND LOSS OF FUNCTION
MORTALITY ( IN THE TENS OF THOUSANDS)
“A NIGHTMARE NUCLEAR DISASTER ”
HUGE ECONOMIC LOSSES
SOCIETAL IMPACTS
• Ground shaking from the main shock (which lasted about 300 seconds) and more than 150 aftershocks (many in the M6+ range) damaged homes, buildings, essential facilities, nuclear facilities, and critical lifelines (e.g., transportation infrastructure) over a wide area.
SOCIETAL IMPACTS
• The tsunami, which following within about 15 minutes, changed Japan’s coast lines, inundated land and urban areas, swept people and cars away, left tons of debris, created the potential for water borne diseases, hindered search and rescue operations, and stalled Japan’s economic productivity.
URGENT NEED FOR SEARCH AND RESCUE
• With so many people (about 20,000) missing over a wide area after the tsunami, Search and rescue was a moral imperative and an urgent need.
Immediately after the earthquake and tsunami,
the Japanese Government began implementing its post- disaster response plans in a
highly-charged, possible “nightmare nuclear disaster”
environment.
MARCH 12-17
69 COUNTRIES PROMISED HUMANITARIAN ASSISTANCE, BUT WERE STYMIED BY THE RISK FROM
RADIATION, AND BAD WEATHER
JAPAN’S SEARCH AND RESCUE
• The Japanese urban search and rescue teams, which had been helping in the search for Christchurch, New Zealand earthquake victims for two weeks, headed back to Japan to help with the S and R..
JAPAN’S SEARCH AND RESCUE
• Approximately 50,000 members of Japan’s Self Defense Forces were mobilized immediately and sent to the hardest hit areas.
JAPAN’S SEARCH AND RESCUE
• Tokushu Kyuunan Tai, the search and rescue unit of the Japan Coast Guard, was dispatched to accelerate search and rescue operations..
SEARCH AND RESCUE: RIKUZENTAKADA
JAPANESE MARITIME SELF DEFENSE TEAM MAKING A RESCUE
SEARCH AND RESCUE: SENDAI
SEARCH AND RESCUE: NATORI
SEARCH AND RESCUE: SOMA; FUKUSHIMA PREFECTURE
SEARCH AND RESCUE: TOYOMA
SEARCH AND RESCUE: MIYAGI PREFECTURE
SEARCH AND RESCUE, OFTEN THE LAST BEST
CHANCE FOR SURVIVAL, --- HAS LIMITS
ON MARCH 14TH, SOME SEARCH AND RESCUE TEAMS FOUND NO ONE TO RESCUE
NATORI: NO ONE TO RESCUE; MARCH 14
NATORI: NO ONE TO RESCUE EXCEPT A DOG; MARCH 14
NATORI: NO ONE TO RESCUE: MARCH 14
NO ONE TO RESCUE