disaster
DESCRIPTION
DISASTER. Definitions. An overwhelming ecological disruption occurring on a scale sufficient to require outside assistance … PAHO 1980. Disasters are exceptional events which suddenly kill or injure large numbers of people … - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
DISASTER
An overwhelming ecological disruption occurring on a scale sufficient to require outside assistance … PAHO 1980. Disasters are exceptional events which suddenly kill or injure large numbers of people… Red Cross/Red Crescent.
Definitions
Any occurrence that causes damage, ecological disruption, loss of human life or deterioration of health or health services on a scale that warrants extraordinary response from outside the affected community or area
Source: WHO strategy and approaches to humanitarian action,1995
Man made calamity (accident or intentional)
A catastrophic event that overwhelms a community’s response capabilities
Definitions cont--
CRED defines a disaster as “a situation or event which overwhelms local capacity, necessitating a request to a national or international level for external assistance; an unforeseen and often sudden event that causes great damage, destruction and human suffering
Types of disasters
Natural (Acts of God) Man made
Sudden Impact Gradual onset Hostile Accidental
Earthquake,
Volcanic Eruption,
Cyclones,
Flash Floods
Floods,
Snow Storm,
Famines,
Droughts
World war I&II
Terrorism 9/11
Sabotage
Air crashes,
Train accidents,
Fires, Smog,
Toxilogic accidents Nuclear accidents
Bombings
Accidents
Floods
Air Crash
Tornados
Drought
Sandstorm
Disaster subgroup definition and classification
Subgroup Definition
Disaster Main Types
Geophysical Events originating from solid earthEarthquake, Volcano, Mass Movement (dry)
Meteorological
Events caused by short-lived/small to meso scale atmospheric processes (in the spectrum from minutes to days)
Storm
HydrologicalEvents caused by deviations in the normal water cycle and/or overflow of bodies of water caused by wind set-up
Flood, Mass Movement (wet)
Disaster subgroup definition and classificationSubgroup Definition Disaster Main
Types
ClimatologicalEvents caused by long-lived/meso to macro scale processes (in the spectrum from intra-seasonal to multi-decadal climate variability
Extreme Temperature,Drought, Wildfire
Biological Disaster caused by the exposure of living organisms to germs and toxic substances
Epidemic, Insect Infestation,Animal Stampede
Types of Disasters
Deaths VS InjuriesDeaths exceeds Injuries Injuries exceeds Death
Storm surges
Tsunamis Flash Floods Landslides Avalanches Volcanic eruptions Tidal waves
Hurricanes
Fires
Explosions
Earthquakes
Typhoons
Tornadoes
Top 10 Natural Disasters in Pakistan for the period 1992 to 2011 sorted by numbers of killed
Disaster Date No Killed
Earthquake 8-Oct-2005 73,338
Flood 28-Jul-2010 1,985
Flood 8-Sep-1992 1,334
Flood 2-Mar-1998 1,000
Storm 14-Nov-1993 609
Flood 19-Jul-1995 600
Flood 9-Feb-2005 520
Flood 22-Jul-1995 451
Flood 11-Jul-1994 316
Storm 26-Jun-2007 242
Top 10 Natural Disasters in Pakistan for the period 1992 to 2011
sorted by numbers of total affected people:Disaster Date No Total Affected
Flood 28-Jul-2010 20,359,496
Flood 9-Feb-2005 7,000,450
Flood 8-Sep-1992 6,655,450
Flood 15-Jul-1992 6,184,418
Earthquake 8-Oct-2005 5,128,309
Drought Nov-1999 2,200,000
Storm 26-Jun-2007 1,650,000
Flood 19-Aug-1996 1,300,000
Flood 22-Jul-2003 1,266,223
Flood 22-Jul-1995 1,255,000
Disaster Management
Emergency Aid
and
Disaster Response
is
as old as humanity
Phases of Disaster Management
Mitigation
Preparedness
Disaster impact
Rehabilitation
Reconstruction
ResponseRECOVERY
Preparedness Planning how to respond for an emergency or disaster and working to
increase resources available to respond effectively
Multisectorial Activityo communicationso healtho social welfareo police & security o search & rescueo transporto media
Preparedness(a stitch in time saves nine)
Tasks
o evaluate risk,o adopt standards/regulations, o organize communication, warning sys,
coordination& response mechanism,o ensure financial resources,o develop public education programmes,o coordinate with media, and o organize disaster simulation exercises
PLANNING PROCESS
P Planning O Organizing S Staffing D Directing C Coordinating R Reporting B Budgeting
Disaster impact & Response Activities that occur during and immediately following a disaster
Search, Rescue &First Aid
Field care
Triage
TaggingIdentification of
dead
TriageDo the most good for the most patients
Emergent (Immediate) or Priority One (RED)
Urgent (Delayed) or Priority Two(YELLOW)
Non-urgent (Minimal) or Priority Three(GREEN)
Dead (BLACK)
KEYS TO SUCCESSFUL FIELD OPERATIONS
IN DISASTER RESPONSE SCENARIOS
• People• Equipment• Training• Organization
Emergent or Immediate
Examples
•Unstable chest/abdomen wounds
•Vascular wounds with limb ischemia
•Incomplete amputations
•Open fractures of long bones
Urgent or Delayed
ExamplesStable abdominal woundsSoft tissue woundsVascular injuries with adequate collateralsGenitourinary tract disruptionFractures requiring operative interventionMaxillofacial without airway compromise
Urgent or Delayed
Non-urgent or Minimal
Walking wounded/ walking “well”
Directed away from Triage area to minimal care area for first aid and non-specialty care
May be a source of manpower
DEAD / MORIBUND
Survival unlikely even with optimal care
Should be separated from view of other casualties
Should not be abandoned
Comfort measures with minimal staff
MitigationActivities which actually eliminate or reduce the chance of occurrence
or the effects of a disaster
o Measures designed to either prevent hazards eg protection of vulnerable population and structures
o Improving structural quality of houses, schools, and other public buildings.
o Safety of water supply & sewerage system
Rehabilitation Actions taken to return to normal or safer conditions
Water supply
Food safety
Basic Sanitation&Personal
Hygiene
Vaccination
Nutrition
Vector Control
NDMA (National Disaster Management Authority)
Established
2010