disaster

37
DISASTER

Upload: hamish-medina

Post on 03-Jan-2016

25 views

Category:

Documents


0 download

DESCRIPTION

DISASTER. Definitions. An overwhelming ecological disruption occurring on a scale sufficient to require outside assistance … PAHO 1980. Disasters are exceptional events which suddenly kill or injure large numbers of people … - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

TRANSCRIPT

Page 1: DISASTER

DISASTER

 

Page 2: DISASTER
Page 3: DISASTER
Page 4: DISASTER
Page 5: DISASTER
Page 6: DISASTER
Page 7: DISASTER

An overwhelming ecological disruption occurring on a scale sufficient to require outside assistance … PAHO 1980. Disasters are exceptional events which suddenly kill or injure large numbers of people… Red Cross/Red Crescent. 

Page 8: DISASTER

Definitions

Any occurrence that causes damage, ecological disruption, loss of human life or deterioration of health or health services on a scale that warrants extraordinary response from outside the affected community or area

Source: WHO strategy and approaches to humanitarian action,1995

 Man made calamity (accident or intentional)

A catastrophic event that overwhelms a community’s response capabilities

Page 9: DISASTER

Definitions cont--

CRED defines a disaster as “a situation or event which overwhelms local capacity, necessitating a request to a national or international level for external assistance; an unforeseen and often sudden event that causes great damage, destruction and human suffering

Page 10: DISASTER

Types of disasters

Natural (Acts of God) Man made

Sudden Impact Gradual onset Hostile Accidental

Earthquake,

Volcanic Eruption,

Cyclones,

Flash Floods 

Floods,

Snow Storm,

Famines,

Droughts

World war I&II

Terrorism 9/11

Sabotage

Air crashes,

Train accidents,

Fires, Smog,

Toxilogic accidents Nuclear accidents

Bombings

Accidents

Page 11: DISASTER

Floods

Page 12: DISASTER

Air Crash

Page 13: DISASTER

Tornados

Page 14: DISASTER

Drought

Page 15: DISASTER

Sandstorm

Page 16: DISASTER

Disaster subgroup definition and classification

Subgroup Definition

Disaster Main Types

Geophysical Events originating from solid earthEarthquake, Volcano, Mass Movement (dry)

Meteorological

Events caused by short-lived/small to meso scale atmospheric processes (in the spectrum from minutes to days)

Storm

HydrologicalEvents caused by deviations in the normal water cycle and/or overflow of bodies of water caused by wind set-up

Flood, Mass Movement (wet)

Page 17: DISASTER

Disaster subgroup definition and classificationSubgroup Definition Disaster Main

Types

ClimatologicalEvents caused by long-lived/meso to macro scale processes (in the spectrum from intra-seasonal to multi-decadal climate variability

Extreme Temperature,Drought, Wildfire

Biological Disaster caused by the exposure of living organisms to germs and toxic substances

Epidemic, Insect Infestation,Animal Stampede

Page 18: DISASTER

Types of Disasters

Page 19: DISASTER

Deaths VS InjuriesDeaths exceeds Injuries Injuries exceeds Death

Storm surges

Tsunamis Flash Floods Landslides Avalanches Volcanic eruptions Tidal waves

Hurricanes

Fires

Explosions

Earthquakes

Typhoons

Tornadoes

Page 20: DISASTER

Top 10 Natural Disasters in Pakistan for the period 1992 to 2011 sorted by numbers of killed

Disaster Date No Killed

Earthquake 8-Oct-2005 73,338

Flood 28-Jul-2010 1,985

Flood 8-Sep-1992 1,334

Flood 2-Mar-1998 1,000

Storm 14-Nov-1993 609

Flood 19-Jul-1995 600

Flood 9-Feb-2005 520

Flood 22-Jul-1995 451

Flood 11-Jul-1994 316

Storm 26-Jun-2007 242

Page 21: DISASTER

Top 10 Natural Disasters in Pakistan for the period 1992 to 2011

sorted by numbers of total affected people:Disaster Date No Total Affected

Flood 28-Jul-2010 20,359,496

Flood 9-Feb-2005 7,000,450

Flood 8-Sep-1992 6,655,450

Flood 15-Jul-1992 6,184,418

Earthquake 8-Oct-2005 5,128,309

Drought Nov-1999 2,200,000

Storm 26-Jun-2007 1,650,000

Flood 19-Aug-1996 1,300,000

Flood 22-Jul-2003 1,266,223

Flood 22-Jul-1995 1,255,000

Page 22: DISASTER

Disaster Management

Emergency Aid

and

Disaster Response

is

as old as humanity

Page 23: DISASTER

Phases of Disaster Management

Mitigation

Preparedness

Disaster impact

Rehabilitation

Reconstruction

ResponseRECOVERY

Page 24: DISASTER

Preparedness Planning how to respond for an emergency or disaster and working to

increase resources available to respond effectively

Multisectorial Activityo communicationso healtho social welfareo police & security o search & rescueo transporto media

Page 25: DISASTER

Preparedness(a stitch in time saves nine)

Tasks

o evaluate risk,o adopt standards/regulations, o organize communication, warning sys,

coordination& response mechanism,o ensure financial resources,o develop public education programmes,o coordinate with media, and o organize disaster simulation exercises

Page 26: DISASTER

PLANNING PROCESS

P Planning O Organizing S Staffing D Directing C Coordinating R Reporting B Budgeting

Page 27: DISASTER

Disaster impact & Response Activities that occur during and immediately following a disaster

Search, Rescue &First Aid

Field care

Triage

TaggingIdentification of

dead

Page 28: DISASTER

TriageDo the most good for the most patients

Emergent (Immediate) or Priority One (RED)

Urgent (Delayed) or Priority Two(YELLOW)

Non-urgent (Minimal) or Priority Three(GREEN)

Dead (BLACK)

Page 29: DISASTER

KEYS TO SUCCESSFUL FIELD OPERATIONS

IN DISASTER RESPONSE SCENARIOS

• People• Equipment• Training• Organization

Page 30: DISASTER

Emergent or Immediate

Examples

•Unstable chest/abdomen wounds

•Vascular wounds with limb ischemia

•Incomplete amputations

•Open fractures of long bones

Page 31: DISASTER

Urgent or Delayed

ExamplesStable abdominal woundsSoft tissue woundsVascular injuries with adequate collateralsGenitourinary tract disruptionFractures requiring operative interventionMaxillofacial without airway compromise

Page 32: DISASTER

Urgent or Delayed

Page 33: DISASTER

Non-urgent or Minimal

Walking wounded/ walking “well”

Directed away from Triage area to minimal care area for first aid and non-specialty care

May be a source of manpower

Page 34: DISASTER

DEAD / MORIBUND

Survival unlikely even with optimal care

Should be separated from view of other casualties

Should not be abandoned

Comfort measures with minimal staff

Page 35: DISASTER

MitigationActivities which actually eliminate or reduce the chance of occurrence

or the effects of a disaster

o Measures designed to either prevent hazards eg protection of vulnerable population and structures

o Improving structural quality of houses, schools, and other public buildings.

o Safety of water supply & sewerage system

Page 36: DISASTER

Rehabilitation Actions taken to return to normal or safer conditions

Water supply

Food safety

Basic Sanitation&Personal

Hygiene

Vaccination

Nutrition

Vector Control

Page 37: DISASTER

NDMA (National Disaster Management Authority)

Established

2010