Cell Membrane Test

Multiple Choice (2pts each)Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.

_D__ 1. Which of the following is a function of the cell membrane?a. breaks down lipids, carbohydrates, and proteins from foodsb. stores water, salt, proteins, and carbohydratesc. keeps the cell wall in placed. regulates which materials enter and leave the cell

_A__ 2. Diffusion occurs becausea. molecules constantly move and collide with one another.b. the concentration of a solution is never the same throughout a solution.c. the concentration of a solution is always the same throughout a solution.d. molecules never move or collide with one another.

_A__ 3. An animal cell that is surrounded by fresh water will burst because the osmotic pressure causesa. water to move into the cell. c. solutes to move into the cell.b. water to move out of the cell. d. solutes to move out of the cell.

_C__ 4. The cells of multicellular organisms area. smaller than those of unicellular organisms.b. simpler than those of unicellular organisms.c. specialized to perform particular functions.d. not dependent on one another.

_A__ 5. As cell size increases, its ________________ increases faster than its ______________.a. volume, surface area c. volume, massb. surface area, volume d. mass, surface area

_C__ 6. An organ system is a group of organs thata. are made up of similar cells.b. are made up of similar tissues.c. work together to perform a specific function.d. work together to perform all the functions in a multicellular organism.

_A__ 7. The thin, flexible barrier around a cell is called thea. cell membrane. c. cell envelope.b. cell wall. d. cytoplasm.

_B__ 8. Diffusion is the movement of particles froma. an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration.b. an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.c. an area of equilibrium to an area of high concentration.d. all of the above

_B__ 9. The diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane is calleda. osmotic pressure. c. facilitated diffusion.b. osmosis. d. active transport.

_B__ 10. Which term refers to cells having different tasks in an organism?

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a. multicellular c. levels of organizationb. cell differentiation d. unicellular

_A__ 11. Which of the following is an example of an organ?a. Heart c. digestive systemb. epithelial tissue d. nerve cell

_B__ 12. Which type of molecule forms the cell membrane?a. Protein c. nucleic acidb. phospholipid d. carbohydrate

_B__ 13. In order for diffuison to be efficient, cells must stay ______________.a. large c. stillb. small d. dry

_A__ 14. The dispersal of ink in a beaker of water is an example ofa. diffusion. c. active transport.b. osmosis. d. endocytosis.

_B__ 15. Phospholipids are molecules that havea. one hydrophilic phosphate head and two hydrophilic fatty acid tails.b. one hydrophilic phosphate head and two hydrophobic fatty acid tails.c. one hydrophobic phosphate head and one hydrophobic fatty acid tail.d. one hydrophobic phosphate head and two hydrophilic fatty acid tails.

_D__ 16. Refer to the illustration above. The structure labeled A is a(n)a. cell-surface marker. c. enzyme.b. sugar molecule.. d. transport protein.

_B__ 17. Sugar molecules cross the cell membrane bya. active transport. c. osmosis.b. facilitated diffusion. d. simple diffusion.

_A__ 18. Which of the following does not require energy?a. diffusion c. active transportb. endocytosis d. exocytosis

_B__ 19. As a result of diffusion, the concentration of many types of substancesa. always remains greater inside a membrane.b. eventually becomes balanced on both sides of a membrane.c. always remains greater outside of a membrane.d. becomes imbalanced on both sides of a membrane.

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_D__ 20. Refer to the illustration above. The process shown is calleda. osmosis. c. active transport.b. facilitated diffusion. d. diffusion.

_D__ 21. Diffusion is the movement of a substancea. only through a lipid bilayer membrane.b. from an area of low concentration to an area of higher concentration.c. only in liquids.d. from an area of high concentration to an area of lower concentration.

_B__ 22. Osmosis is a type ofa. active transport. c. simple diffusion.b. passive transport. d. endocytosis.

_A__ 23. Which of the following statements about an isotonic solution and a cell is correct?a. The solution has the same solute concentration that the cytoplasm does.b. The solution has a higher solute concentration than the cytoplasm does.c. A cell in the solution will lose water.d. A cell in the solution will gain water.

_A__ 24. Unlike passive transport, active transporta. requires energy.b. moves substances down their concentration gradient.c. does not involve carrier proteins.d. moves water across the cell membrane.

_C__ 25. A hypertonic salt solution has a higher concentration of solutes than a blood cell. What happens when a blood cell is placed in a hypertonic salt solution.a. no change - equilibrium c. cell shrivelsb. cell swells

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A B

_C__ 26. What process is illustrated in figure A above?a. diffusion c. endocytosisb. exocytosis d. osmosis

_B__ 27. What process is illustrated in figure B above.a. diffusion c. endocytosisb. exocytosis d. osmosis

_C__ 28. What model is used to describe your cell membrane?a. Stiff Flat Model c. Fluid Mosaic Modelb. Fluid Flat Model d. Stiff Mosaic Model

_A__ 29. The movement of large particles from high concentration to low concentration through transport proteins is called _________________.a. facilitated diffusion c. osmosisb. diffusion d. active transport

Biochemistry and OrganellesMultiple Choice (2 points each)Identify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.

_B__ 1. If something is organic we know that it ___________ _____________.a. is natural c. is expensiveb. contains carbon d. contains oxygen

_C__ 2. What are the basic building blocks of proteins?a. nucleic acids c. amino acidsb. peptide bonds d. glycerol and fatty acids

_A__ 3. Unlike carbohydrates and fats, proteins contain _____.a. nitrogen c. hydrogenb. carbon d. oxygen

_C__ 4. Who concluded that all animals are made of living cells?a. Virchow c. Schwannb. Hooke d. Schleiden

_A__ 5. All living things are made up of _____.a. cells c. wastesb. cork d. cellulose

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_A__ 6. The scientist who viewed pond water under a microscope and found tiny critters was _____.a. van Leeuwenhoek c. Hookeb. Schleiden d. Schwann

_B__ 7. If a cell contains a nucleus, it must be a(n) _____.a. plant cell c. animal cellb. eukaryotic cell d. prokaryotic cell

_D__ 8. What is a protein that changes the rate of a chemical reaction?a. steroids c. nucleic acidb. nucleotides d. enzymes

_A__ 9. DNA and RNA are representatives of what organic compound?a. Nucleic Acids c. Proteinsb. Carbohydrates d. Lipids

_C__ 10.What element(s) make up carbohydrates?a. carbon and hydrogen c. carbon, hydrogen, and oxygenb. carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen d. carbon

_D__ 11.Which of the following is not a type of carbohydrate?a. polysaccharide c. monosaccharideb. disaccharide d. triglyceride

_A__ 12.The thin, flexible barrier around a cell is called thea. cell membrane. c. cell envelope.b. cell wall. d. cytoplasm.

_C__ 13.Prokaryotes lacka. cytoplasm. c. a nucleus.b. a cell membrane. d. genetic material.

_A__ 14.The main function of the cell wall is toa. support and protect the cell. c. direct the activities of the cell.b. store DNA. d. help the cell move.

_D__ 15.Which of the following is a function of the nucleus?a. stores DNAb. controls most of the cell’s processesc. contains the information needed to make proteinsd. all of the above

_A__ 16. Which of the following is a function of the cytoskeleton?a. helps a cell keep its shapeb. contains DNAc. surrounds the celld. helps make proteins

_C__ 17. Which organelle would you expect to find only in plant cells?a. mitochondrion c. chloroplastb. ribosome d. smooth endoplasmic reticulum

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_C__ 18. Which structures carry out cell movement?a. cytoplasm and ribosomesb. nucleolus and nucleusc. cilia and flagellad. chromosomes

_D__ 19. Which of the following is a function of the cell membrane?a. breaks down lipids, carbohydrates, and proteins from foodsb. stores water, salt, proteins, and carbohydratesc. keeps the cell wall in placed. regulates which materials enter and leave the cell

_B__ 20. Carbohydrates have a ratio of ___ carbon, ___ hydrogen, and ___ oxygen.a. 4:10:4 c. 2:1:1b. 1:2:1 d. all of these answers

_C__ 21. Your body likes to use these rather than fats because they are easier to burna. lipids c. carbohydratesb. proteins d. nucleic acids

_B__ 22. How does an enzyme influence a reaction?a. It increases the energy difference between reactants and products.b. It decreases the activation energy needed to start a reaction.c. It increases the energy of reactants, thereby increasing their tendency to collide.d. None of the above

_B__ 23. Refer to the illustration above. Which of the following statements regarding the graph is true?a. Reaction 2 occurs faster than Reaction 3 because Reaction 2 requires more energy than

Reaction 3.b. The difference between the graphs shown for Reaction 2 and Reaction 3 occurs because of

a difference in the activation energy of these reactions.c. Reactant A contains more energy at the beginning of the reaction than product C has at the

end of the reaction.d. Product B contains more energy at the end of the reaction than reactant A has at the

beginning of the reaction.

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_A__ 24. Refer to the illustration above. Reaction 3 in the grapha. probably occurred in the presence of an enzyme.b. requires more activation energy than Reaction 2.c. is the same as Reaction 1, but faster.d. is slower than Reaction 2.

_D__ 25. When an enzyme becomes denatureda. the substrate will fit into the enzyme and cause a reactionb. the tubstrate will not fit into the enzyme and cause a reactionc. the substrate will fit into the enzyme and not cause a reactiond. the substrate will not fit into the enzyme and not cause a reaction

_B__ 26. What is the term used to describe the energy needed to get a reaction started?a. adhesion energy c. cohesion energyb. activation energy d. chemical energy

Biology Test: Chapter 6 2010-2011Multiple ChoiceIdentify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.

Table 5-1 shows the population sizes for 6 different species in four different areas.

Area Species U Species V Species W Species X Species Y Species Z

A 3 7 2 2 2 4

B 0 6 8 0 6 6

C 0 0 2 0 0 2

D 4 3 11 1 6 0

Table 5-1

_B__ 1. If the four areas in Table 5-1 were the only places in the world to find these organisms, which species most

likely faces the greatest chance of extinction?a. Species U c. Species Yb. Species X d. Species Z

_A__ 2. Which area in Table 5-1 has the greatest biodiversity?a. Area A c. Area Cb. Area B d. Area D

_D__ 3. The number of different species in the biosphere is calleda. biodiversity. c. genetic diversity.b. ecosystem diversity. d. species diversity.

_C__ 4. The sulfur and nitrogen compounds in smog combine with water to forma. ozone. c. acid rain.b. ammonia. d. chlorofluorocarbons.

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_A__ 5. The extinction rate of terrestrial and freshwater species is currently higher than the extinction rate of marine species. What is the most likely reason for this?

a. Human activities have a greater impact on terrestrial and freshwater ecosystems.b. There are no economic incentives for humans to use ocean resources.c. Marine organisms have had a longer time to adapt to their environment.d. The oceans have a greater area than land and freshwater ecosystems combined.

_D__ 6. All of the following are threats to biodiversity EXCEPTa. biological magnification of toxic compounds.b. habitat fragmentation.c. invasive species.d. species preservation.

Figure 5-3

_A__ 7. What effect did the loss of species B have on species A and D in Figure 5-3?a. it caused the populations of A and D to decreaseb. it caused the populations of A and D to increasec. it caused the populations of A and D to become extinctd. it had no effect on the populations of A and D

_C__ 8. Examine the graph in Figure 5-3. Which species were not affected by the loss of species B?a. species A, C, and E c. species C onlyb. species C and E d. species E only

_D__ 9. Which of the following resources can be considered renewable?a. natural gas c. uraniumb. quartz d. wood

_A__ 10. The cheetah population was around 100,000 in 1900. Today, fewer than 12,000 cheetahs remain. What

type of natural resource are cheetahs considered to be?a. nonrenewable c. reusableb. renewable d. sustainable

_D__ 11. Which of the following practices can help conserve an area’s biodiversity?a. biological magnification c. species introductionb. habitat fragmentation d. sustainable usage

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_D__ 12. Some scientists think that global warming isa. a natural variation in climate.b. a result of human activity.c. melting the polar ice caps.d. all of the above

_C__ 13. The major cause of ozone depletion isa. nitric acid. c. chlorofluorocarbons.b. sulfuric acid. d. ultraviolet light.

_B__ 14. The major threat to biodiversity isa. habitat fragmentation c. habitat degradationb. habitat loss d. exotic species

_C__ 15. Acid rain changes the pH of soil, killing some trees. This is an example ofa. habitat fragmentation c. habitat degradationb. global warming problems d. exotic species

_B__ 16. Salvinia molesta, a floating aquatic plant, first entered Lake Naivasha in Kenya when a person’s fish ponds flooded. The plant quickly grew, changing the habitat of parts of the lake. This is an example of a problem due toa. reintroduction programs c. habitat fragmentationb. exotic species d. edge effect

_C__ 17. Which of the following species is extinct?a. American bald eagle c. passenger pigeonb. bison (buffalo) d. giant panda

_B__ 18. Water and air pollution are examples ofa. habitat fragmentation c. edge effectb. habitat degradation d. sustainable use

_D__ 19. When species lose their habitats, they maya. lack food c. be in danger of becoming extinctb. lack shelter d. all of the above

_C__ 20. The greatest source of air pollution isa. volcanic eruptions c. burning of fossil fuelsb. forest fires d. CFC’s

_C__ 21. When exotic species are introduced into an area their populations may grow exponentially because the species

a. are large c. lack competitors and predatorsb. are predators d. are small

_C__ 22. Which of the following sequences is the most likely to occur?a. endangered species, to threatened species, to extinct speciesb. extinct species, to threatened species, to endangered speciesc. threatened species, to endangered species, to extinct speciesd. threatened species, to extinct species, to endangered species

_B__ 23. Which of the following animals would be least affected by habitat fragmentation?a. wolves c. zebrasb. hawks d. lions

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_C__ 24. The removal of coral reefs by people is an example of habitata. fragmentation c. lossb. degradation d. preservation

_A__ 25. National parks help prevent the extinction of many species bya. preserving the species habitats c. introducing exotic speciesb. reducing pollution d. allowing the sustainable use of resources

_C__ 26. Materials that are used to soak up oil spills are calleda. booms c. sorbentsb. skimmers d. chemical dispersants

_A__ 27. ______ is used to contain an oil spill.a. boom c. sorbentsb. skimmer d. chemical dispersants

_C__ 28. Amur honeysuckle and Kudzu are examples of a. biodiversity c. exotic speciesb. native species d. endangered species

_C__ 29. Habitat fragmentation often leads toa. increased species diversity within an area c. decreased species diversityb. larger habitats for species d. an increased food supply for species

_A__ 30. What is an example of a renewable resource?a. air c. coalb. oil d. old growth forest

_B__ 31. A harmful material that can enter the biosphere through the land, air or water isa. smog c. bioremediationb. pollutant d. all of the above

_B__ 32. The variety of life in an area is calleda. species diversity c. genetic diversityb. biodiversity d. animal diversity

_A__ 33. Renewable sources of energya. can replenish themselves naturally.b. must be created in laboratories.c. are manufactured from fossil fuels.d. were never utilized until the 20th century.

_C__ 34. Coal is considered a nonrenewable resource because ita. can be recycled c. forms over millions of years.b. can be readily replaced. d. is polluting.

_C__ 35. Ozone in the atmospherea. leads to formation of acid precipitation.b. combines readily with water vapor.c. absorbs harmful radiation from the sun.d. is a renewable resource.

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_B__ 36. The heat-trapping ability of some gases in the atmosphere can be compared toa. the melting of snow.b. the way glass traps heat in a greenhouse.c. condensation because of heating.d. heating water on a stove.

_B__ 37. The extinction of speciesa. is a problem limited to the tropics.b. has been sped up by the activities of people.c. is a problem only where topsoil and groundwater are limited.d. is not a problem today.

_C__ 38. The steps needed to solve environmental problems includea. waiting for the affected species to leave an ecosystem that is in trouble.b. leaving the problems to United Nations committees to address.c. educating the public about the problems and the costs of their solutions.d. taking any necessary action, regardless of the consequences or adverse effects.

_B__ 39. Protecting ecosystem diversity is a goal ofa. the green revolution. c. the captive breeding program.b. conservation biology. d. the United Nations.

_D__ 40. The wearing away of surface soil by water and wind is known asa. deforestation.b. desertification.c. overgrazing.d. soil erosion.

_C__ 41. An endangered species isa. a diseased animal.b. a dangerous predator.c. a group of organisms near extinction.d. all organisms at the top of a food chain.

Chapter 4 & 5 2010-2011Multiple ChoiceIdentify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.(2pts each)

_C__ 1. Which is a biotic factor that affects the size of a population in a specific ecosystem?a. average temperature of the ecosystemb. type of soil in the ecosystemc. number and kinds of predators in the ecosystemd. concentration of oxygen in the ecosystem

_C__ 2. Which two biomes have the least amount of precipitation?a. tropical rain forest and temperate grasslandb. tropical savanna and tropical dry forestc. tundra and desertd. boreal forest and temperate woodland and shrubland

_D__ 3. The average year-after-year conditions of temperature and precipitation in a particular region is the region’s

a. weather. c. ecosystem.

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b. latitude. d. climate._A__ 4. Each of the following is an abiotic factor in the environment EXCEPT

a. plant life. c. rainfall.b. soil type. d. temperature.

_C__ 5. Which biome is characterized by very low temperatures, little precipitation, and permafrost?a. desert c. tundrab. temperate forest d. tropical dry forest

_C__ 6. Ponds and lakes area. wetlands. c. standing-water ecosystems.b. estuaries. d. flowing-water ecosystems.

_D__ 7. There are 150 Saguaro cacti plants per square kilometer in a certain area of Arizona desert. To which population characteristic does this information refer?a. growth rate c. age structureb. geographic distribution d. population density

_A__ 8. What can cause a population to grow?a. The birthrate becomes higher than the death rate.b. The birthrate stays the same, and the death rate increases.c. The birthrate becomes lower than the death rate.d. The birthrate and the death rate remain the same.

_D__ 9. When individuals in a population reproduce at a constant rate, it produces a growth pattern calleda. logistic growth. c. demographic growth.b. growth density. d. exponential growth.

_C__ 10. Which are two ways a population can decrease in size?a. immigration and emigrationb. increased death rate and immigrationc. decreased birthrate and emigrationd. emigration and increased birthrate

_A_ 11. If a population grows larger than the carrying capacity of the environment, thea. death rate may rise. c. population will grow faster.b. birthrate may rise. d. carrying capacity will change.

_A__ 12. Which would be least likely to be affected by a density-dependent limiting factor?a. a small, scattered populationb. a population with a high birthratec. a large, dense populationd. a population with a high immigration rate

_B__ 13. In Rwanda, there are more young children than teenagers, and more teenagers than adults. This age structure indicates a population thata. has stopped growing.b. will double in 30 years.c. has a steady growth rate.d. will decrease in 30 years.

_D__ 14. Which of the following is NOT one of the factors that play a role in population growth rate?a. immigration c. emigrationb. death rate d. demography

_A__ 15. The movement of organisms into a given area from another area is calleda. immigration. c. population shift.b. emigration. d. carrying capacity.

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_A__ 16. When the birthrate in a population becomes higher than the death rate, the population growth ratea. increases. c. levels off.b. decreases. d. decreases, then levels off.

_C__ 17. Any factor in the environment that causes population growth to decrease is aa. carrying capacity. c. limiting factor.b. limiting nutrient. d. growth factor.

_A__ 18. Which of the following describes the largest number of individuals that an environment can support?a. carrying capacity. c. emigration.b. immigration. d. exponential growth.

_B__ 19. Each of the following is a density-dependent limiting factor EXCEPTa. competition. c. crowding.b. unusual weather. d. disease.

_A__ 20. Which of the following is a density-independent factor?a. earthquake c. emigrationb. disease d. parasitism

_C__ 21. Demography is the scientific study ofa. parasitism and disease. c. human populations.b. modernized countries. d. economic transitions.

_A__ 22. Which of the following is NOT involved in capture-recapture methods of population sampling?a. DNA fingerprintingb. tagsc. collarsd. leg rings

_B__ 23. Zero population growth is achieveda. when a population reaches the carrying capacity of the environment.b. when emigration and immigration are balanced and the number of births equals the

number of deaths.c. anytime that births exceed deaths.d. anytime that deaths exceed births.

Refer to the figure illustrating logistic growth, to answer the following questions.

Figure 45-1_C__ 24. Refer to Figure 45-1. The initial carrying capacity of an environment is indicated by

a. A.b. B.c. C.

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d. D.Refer to the age structure diagrams, to answer the following questions.

Figure 45-2

_A__ 25. Refer to Figure 45-2. A rapidly-growing population is indicated bya. A.b. B.c. C.d. D.

_C__ 26. Refer to Figure 45-2. A population with zero growth is indicated bya. A.b. B.c. C.d. D.

_D__ 27. Refer to Figure 45-2. A declining population is indicated bya. A.b. B.c. C.d. D.

_C__ 28. The effect of local population fluctuations in rapidly expanding suburbs may _____ schools, roads, and police and fire servicesa. stress c. have no effectb. reduce the need for d. none of these

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Table 5-1 shows the population sizes for 5 different species in four different areas.

Area Species U Species V Species W Species X Species Y Species Z

A 3 7 2 2 2 4

B 0 6 8 0 6 6

C 0 0 2 0 0 2

D 4 3 11 1 6 0Table 5-1

_A__ 29. From table 5-, which of species has teh highest average population size?a. Species W c. Species Yb. Species X d. Species Z

_B__ 30. If the four areas in table 5-1 were teh only places on earth to find these organisms, which species most likely faces the greatest chance of extinction?a. Species U c. Species Yb. Species X d. Species Z

_C__ 31. If all four areas in table 5-1 had identical climate and geology, which one would probably have the smallest area?a. Area A c. Area Cb. Area B d. Area D

_C__ 32. A graph of a population that grows until it reaches its carrying capacity usually has the shape of a(n) ______.a. I c. Sb. J d. M

Biology Test: Chapter 3 and 4.2 2010-2011

Multiple ChoiceIdentify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.

_B__ 1. Carbon dioxide in the atmosphere enters the biotic parts of the biosphere through _____.a. burning of forests c. combustion of fossil fuelsb. photosynthesis d. all of these

_C__ 2. A ________ is several species in an area interacting with one another.a. organism c. communityb. population d. ecosystem

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Figure 2-1

_B__ 3. Referring to Figure 2-1, as energy move from grasses to coyotes, the amount of available energy _____.

a. increasesb. decreasesc. decreases then increasesd. increases or decreases but population size remains the same

_D__ 4. The branch of biology dealing with interactions among organisms and between organisms and their environment is calleda. economy. c. recycling.b. modeling. d. ecology.

_D__ 5. The part of Earth in which all living things exist is called thea. biome. c. ecosystem.b. community. d. biosphere.

_B__ 6. All of the members of a particular species that live in one area are called a(an)a. biome. c. community.b. population. d. ecosystem.

_B__ 7. What is the original source of almost all the energy in most ecosystems?a. carbohydrates c. waterb. sunlight d. carbon

Figure 3-1_C__ 8. The algae at the beginning of the food chain in Figure 3-1 are

a. consumers. c. producers.b. decomposers. d. heterotrophs.

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_D__ 9. An organism that produces its own food supply from inorganic compounds is called a(an)a. heterotroph. c. detritivore.b. consumer. d. autotroph.

_A__ 10. An organism that cannot make its own food is called a(an)a. heterotroph. c. autotroph.b. chemotroph. d. producer.

_A__ 11. Organisms that break down and feed on wastes and dead organisms are calleda. decomposers. c. autotrophs.b. omnivores. d. producers.

_B__ 12. What is an organism that feeds only on plants called?a. carnivore c. omnivoreb. herbivore d. detritivore

_A__ 13. What is an ecological model of the relationships that form a network of complex interactions among organisms in a community from producers to decomposers?a. food web c. food chainb. an ecosystem d. a population

_B__ 14. What animals eat both producers and consumers?a. herbivores c. chemotrophsb. omnivores d. autotrophs

_C__ 15. What is the term for each step in the transfer of energy and matter within a biological community?a. energy path c. trophic levelb. food web d. food pyramid

_C__ 16. A bird stalks, kills, and then eats an insect. Based on its behavior, which ecological terms describe the bird?a. herbivore, decomposer c. carnivore, consumerb. producer, heterotroph d. autotroph, herbivore

_B__ 17. Which type of pyramid shows the amount of calories at each trophic level in an ecosystem?a. a numbers pyramid c. a biomass pyramidb. an energy pyramid d. a food pyramid

_A__ 18. The repeated movement of water between Earth’s surface and the atmosphere is calleda. the water cycle. c. precipitation.b. the condensation cycle. d. evaporation.

_A__ 19. What is the process by which organisms convert nitrogen gas in the air to ammonium?a. nitrogen fixation c. decompositionb. excretion d. denitrification

_C__ 20. Nitrogen fixation is carried out primarily bya. humans. c. bacteria.b. plants. d. ammonia.

_A__ 21. A food chain generally begins witha. an autotroph c. a decomposerb. an omnivore d. a heterotroph

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_B__ 22. Besides energy, what moves through the organisms at each trophic level of an ecosystem?a. organisms c. sunlightb. nutrients d. cycles

_C__ 23. An uncut lawn becomes a meadow and eventually a forest. This process is an example ofa. evolution c. secondary successionb. primary succession d. niche

_C__ 24. The stable ecosystem that develops due to succession is calleda. a niche c. a climax communityb. a forest d. a biome

_D__ 25. Different species can share the same habitat, but competition among them is reduced if they a. reproduce at different times c. increase their populationsb. eat less d. occupy different niches

_D__ 26. An interaction in which one organism captures and feeds on another organism is calleda. competition c. mutualismb. symbiosis` d. predation

_B__ 27. Primary succession can begin aftera. a forest fire c. farmland is abandonedb. a lava flow d. a severs storm

_B__ 28. Symbiotic relationship in which both species benefit is calleda. symbiosis c. commensalismb. mutualism d. parasitism

_B__ 29. What type of relationship exists between E.coli inside your intestinea. symbiosis c. parasitismb. mutualism d. commensalism

_C__ 30. What type of relationship exists between worms on your eyelashesa. symbiosis c. parasitismb. mutualism d. commensalism

_D__ 31. What type of relationship exists between HIV and monkeysa. symbiosis c. parasitismb. mutualism d. commensalism

Figure 3-3

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_A__ 32. At which stage in Figure 3-3 are the most pioneer species found?

a. A c. Cb. B d. D

_D__ 33. In figure 3-3 which species represents the climax community?a. mosses c. pinesb. ferns, shrubs and grasses d. beeches and maples

_C__ 34. The process by which NH3 is converted into NH4.

a. nitrogen fixation c. ammonificationb. nitrification d. denitrification

_D__ 35. The process by which NO3 is converted into N2

a. nitrogen fixation c. ammonificationb. nitrification d. denitrification

_C__ 36. Refer to the illustration above. Level A is composed ofa. carnivores. c. producers.b. herbivores. d. omnivores.

_D__ 37. Refer to the illustration above. The diagram shows a(n)a. population. c. food web.b. community. d. Energy pyramid.

_C__ 38. Refer to the illustration above. How much energy is available to the organisms in level C?a. all of the energy in level A plus the energy in level Bb. all of the energy in level A minus the energy in level Bc. 10 percent of the energy in level Bd. 90 percent of the energy in level B

_B___ 39. Refer to the illustration above. The diagram represents the decrease ina. the number of organisms from higher to lower trophic levels.b. available energy from lower to higher trophic levels.c. diversity of organisms between lower and higher levels.d. trophic levels.

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Nature of ScienceDirections: In the blank to the left of the number write the letter

that the letter goes with the statement. (2 pts each)__A__ 1. Tasha is testing the effect of blue-colored light on the growth of tomato plants. Which is the independent variable in this experiment?

a. light color c. amount of lightb. light intensity d. temperature of light

_C__ 2. The 3 points to the nature of science are.a. bias, prejudice, weird c. collaborative, bias, tentativeb. experiment, hypothesis, title d. title, purpose, results

_D___ 3. All living things ____ to make other living things.a. Grow c. developb. adapt d. reproduce

_D___ 4. The key to the study of biology is learning about the ______.a. rocks c. chemicalsb. all of these d. life around us

_D__ 5. A structured procedure for collecting information to test a hypothesis is a(n) ______________.

a. principle c. controlb. theory d. experiment

_C__ 6. A microscope that can view 3-D images of cell surfaces is called:a. light microscope c. scanning electron microscopeb. compound light microscope d. video microscope

_B__ 7. The objective on a microscope that will magnify an object 40X is:a. Low power objective c. medium power objectiveb. High power objective d. eyepiece

_A___ 8. The objective on a microscope that will magnify an object 4X is:a. low power objective c. medium power objectiveb. high power objective d. eyepiece

_ D ____ 9. Students of a biology class ran an experiment on a type of flowering plant. Their goal was to find the optimal time in the plant's life for flowering. What time period will provide the most flowering plants? Use Table 1-1 to determine your answer.

Table 1-1

DayNumber of Plants

Flowering

2 6

4 12

20

6 18

8 22

10 8

a. 5-6 days c. 7-8 daysb. 6-7 days d. 8-9 days

_D____ 10. Which of the following are likely topics for a course in biology?

a. Why does the Texas horned lizard squirt blood out of its eyes?b. How is a banded pipefish able to hide in its environment of seaweeds?c. What chemicals cause plant stems to lengthen or flowers to bloom?d. All of these.

_B__ 11. Which of the following results from quantitative analysis of Figure 1-1?

Figure 1-1

a. The babies are cold.b. There are 8 offspring.c. There isn’t enough food.d. These are the first offspring these rabbits have had

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