Definition Direction is telling people what to do and seeing that they do it to the best of their ability. It includes marketing assignments, explaining procedures, seeing that mistakes are corrected, providing on-the-job instructions, and , of course, issuing orders. Dale

Elements of directionIssuing orders that are clear, complete and within the capabilities of subordinates to accomplishContinuous training activity in which subordinates are instructed to carry out the particular assignment in the existing situationMotivation of subordinates to try to meet the expectations of the managerMaintaining discipline and rewarding those who perform properly

Features of directionImportant function of managementContinuous activityPervasive functionCommunication

Principles of directionPrinciple of harmony of objectivesPrinciple of maximum individual contributionPrinciple of unity of commandPrinciple of direct supervisionPrinciple of effective communicationPrinciple effective leadership

Concept of supervisionIt means observing the subordinates at work to see that they are working according to plans and policies of the organisation and keeping the time schedule, and to help them in solving their work problems

Position of a supervisor in an organisationChief Executive

Departmental Heads

Supervisors

WorkmenTop management

Middle management

First line or supervisory management

Operating workforce

Supervisor

A supervisor is a person who is primarily in charge of a section and its employees and is responsible for both the quantity and quality of production, for the efficient performance of the equipment, and for the employees in his charge and their efficiency, training and morale.

For effective supervisionA supervisor has to rely on:

Leadership MotivationCommunication

Functions of supervisorPlanning the workIssuing ordersProviding guidance and leadershipMotivationPreserving recordsControlling outputLiaison between management and workersGrievance handlingIndustrial safety

Qualities of a good supervisorHuman approachMentally alertCompetent to take decisionsHonest in dealingPatienceShould not depend much on formal authorityGood leaderSufficient technical skill

Requisites of effective supervisionKnowledge of rules and regulationsKnowledge of workSkill in leadingSkill in instructingSkill in dealing with current problemsHuman orientation