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Direct, Direct, Purposeful Purposeful Experiences Experiences and Beyond and Beyond

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Direct, Direct, Purposeful Purposeful Experiences Experiences and Beyondand Beyond

““From the rich experience From the rich experience that our senses bring, we that our senses bring, we construct the ideas, the construct the ideas, the concepts, the generalizations concepts, the generalizations that give the meaning and that give the meaning and order to our lives”order to our lives”

TESTIMONIALSTESTIMONIALS

““The meanings of negative The meanings of negative discrimination index and positive discrimination index and positive discrimination index became crystal clear discrimination index became crystal clear to me only when we did an item analysis to me only when we did an item analysis of our test itemsof our test items

- - Grade VI teacherGrade VI teacher

““It was only when I went to the It was only when I went to the Manila Zoo that I learned that a Manila Zoo that I learned that a giraffe is that tall and an elephant giraffe is that tall and an elephant is that big.”is that big.”

- Grade 4 pupil- Grade 4 pupil

““My husband and children used to do My husband and children used to do computer job for me which made me totally computer job for me which made me totally dependent on them. The problem was they were not dependent on them. The problem was they were not always around to help me with my reports, lecture always around to help me with my reports, lecture notes, etc. To redeem myself from my helplessness, I notes, etc. To redeem myself from my helplessness, I forced myself to learn, first of all encoding, then forced myself to learn, first of all encoding, then sending e-mail and surfing the internet. What sending e-mail and surfing the internet. What encouraged me was my seven year old grand encouraged me was my seven year old grand daughter could do what I was not capable of doing. daughter could do what I was not capable of doing. Now I feel liberated. I can encode and print my Now I feel liberated. I can encode and print my lectures, send emails, surf the internet, and do power lectures, send emails, surf the internet, and do power point presentation, even when no one is around to point presentation, even when no one is around to help only after I had to do these things myself.”help only after I had to do these things myself.”

- Graduate School - Graduate School ProfessorProfessor

“My boss assigned me to put the transparencies on the plate of the overhead projector while he delivered his lecture on stage. It turned out that the first transparency was not positioned upright for the audience. I repositioned the transparency but it was still inverted. I felt nervous and the woman in the audience who was seated nearby came to my rescue. I have never forgotten that experience but having been assigned the task repeatedly, I can say I am now expert at the OHP.”

- Secretary to the Dean

Direct, Direct, purposeful purposeful

experiences:experiences: Concrete and first hand Concrete and first hand

experiences that make experiences that make up the foundation of our up the foundation of our learning.learning.

Rich experiences that Rich experiences that our senses bring from our senses bring from which we construct the which we construct the ideas, the concepts, the ideas, the concepts, the generalizations that generalizations that give meaning and order give meaning and order to our lives (Dale, 1969)to our lives (Dale, 1969)

Sensory experiences.Sensory experiences.

Example of direct Example of direct activities:activities:

Preparing mealsPreparing mealsMaking a piece of furnitureMaking a piece of furniturePerforming a laboratory Performing a laboratory

experimentexperimentDelivering a speechDelivering a speechTaking a tripTaking a trip

IndirectIndirect ExperienceExperience

ss::Experience of other Experience of other

people that we observe, people that we observe, read or hear about.read or hear about.

Not our own Not our own experiences, but still experiences, but still experiences in the experiences in the sense that we see, read sense that we see, read and hear about them. and hear about them.

Not first hand but Not first hand but rather vicarious. rather vicarious.

Direct vs. Direct vs. Indirect Indirect

Climbing a Climbing a mountain is mountain is direct direct experience, yet experience, yet seeing it on film seeing it on film or reading about or reading about it is a vicarious, it is a vicarious, substitute substitute experienceexperience

Direct Direct experiences as experiences as

PurposefulPurposeful Experiences that are Experiences that are

internalized in the sense that internalized in the sense that these experiences involve these experiences involve the asking of questions that the asking of questions that have significance in the life have significance in the life of the person undergoing the of the person undergoing the direct experience.direct experience.

Experiences are undergone Experiences are undergone in relation to a purpose, i.e. in relation to a purpose, i.e. learninglearning

It is done in relation to a It is done in relation to a certain learning objective. certain learning objective.

John Dewey has made John Dewey has made his fundamental point his fundamental point

succinctly: succinctly: ““An ounce of experience is better An ounce of experience is better

than a ton of theory because it is only than a ton of theory because it is only in experience that a theory has vital in experience that a theory has vital and verifiable significance. An and verifiable significance. An experience, a very humble experience, experience, a very humble experience, is capable of generating and carrying is capable of generating and carrying an amount of theory (or intellectual an amount of theory (or intellectual content), but a theory apart from content), but a theory apart from experience cannot be definitely experience cannot be definitely grasped as a theory. It tends to render grasped as a theory. It tends to render thinking, or genuine theorizing thinking, or genuine theorizing unnecessary and impossible”unnecessary and impossible”

If direct, purposeful experiences or first hand If direct, purposeful experiences or first hand sensory experiences make us learn concepts sensory experiences make us learn concepts and skills effectively, what does this imply to and skills effectively, what does this imply to the teaching- learning process?the teaching- learning process?1.1. Let us give our students opportunities to learn by Let us give our students opportunities to learn by

doing. Let us immerse our students in the world of doing. Let us immerse our students in the world of experienceexperience

2.2. Let us make use of real things as instructional Let us make use of real things as instructional materials for as long as we canmaterials for as long as we can

3.3. Let us help our students develop the five senses to Let us help our students develop the five senses to the full to heighten their sensitivity to the worldthe full to heighten their sensitivity to the world

4.4. Let us guide our students so that they can draw Let us guide our students so that they can draw meaning from their first hand experiences and meaning from their first hand experiences and elevate their level of thinking.elevate their level of thinking.