direct payments & other mechanisms for ecosystem conservation
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Direct Payments & other mechanisms for ecosystem Conservation. The Tanzania Land Conservation Trust in the Maasai Steppe The Wildlife Conservation lease program in Kitengela. Masai Steppe Tarangire-Manyara system. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Direct Payments & other mechanisms for ecosystem
Conservation
The Tanzania Land Conservation Trust in the Maasai Steppe
The Wildlife Conservation lease program in Kitengela
Masai SteppeTarangire-Manyara system
• AWF’s Heartland approach -- focuses on large landscapes of significant wildlife value across Africa.
• Tarangire Manyara one such HL• Comprises
– Tarangire Nat. Park – 2,600 sq. km– L. Manyara Nat. park – 330sq. km – Dispersal areas --- Simanjiro, and corridors that link
these 2 protected areas– Conservation targets for the landscape
The Tanzania Land Conservation Trust
• Registered in July 2000, aims to provide an alternative mechanism for conserving critical conservation land in Tanzania.
• to benefit conservation and local communities who live with wildlife adjacent to its lands.– Has a board of 8 Trustees– Its Trust deed provides for steering committee in each
land that is acquired by the Trust– Has acquired the first piece of land the Manyara
Ranch
The Tarangire-Manyara Ecosystem
Why Manyara?
• Is an important land unit between L. Manyara and Tarangire National Parks.
• Provides corridor space for elephant, wildebeest and zebra, is home to populations of eland, oryx, greater and lesser Kudu, warthog, leopard, impala, giraffe and is rich in bird life.
• Government of Tanzania wanted to privatise all livestock ranches owned by the Narco including Manyara
• Group formed to Lobby against privatisation.• TLCT proposed as an alternative mechanism
combining community access to particular resources as well as a revenue share from ranching and other conservation activities.
• Ranch turned over to the Tanzania Land Conservation Trust (TLCT) through Presidential order
Acquisition of Manyara
Activities proposed in the Manyara Ranch
• AWF working with the land Trust to :– Develop tourism in the ranch to generate income – Define areas of access by local communities – e.g.
grass banks proposed for dry season use under conditions to be determined, and water.
– Development of a livestock improvement program for neighbouring pastoral communities
Challenges of the TLCT
• New institution– No funding of its own. Secretariat and project
implementation current supported by AWF– Capacity of the board still weak
• Sustainability issues– Will it continue to espouse conservation &
communities benefits as its key focus– Model untested in TZ
The case for Kitengela
• The Kitengela is a part of the Athi-Kapiti ecosystem which comprises Nairobi National Park, the Kitengela and individually owned lands.
• The ecosystem is approx. 2,500 sq. km. • The Nairobi park is only 114 sq. km• Kitengela is located south of the park and Nairobi
City and serves as migratory corridor and dispersal area for wildlife.
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KONZA
ISINYA
KISERIAN
ATHI-RIVER
ONGATA RONGAINGONG
KAJIADO
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KONZA
ISINYA
KISERIAN
ATHI-RIVER
ONGATA RONGAINGONG
KAJIADO
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KONZA
ISINYA
KISERIAN
ATHI-RIVER
ONGATA RONGAINGONG
KAJIADO
Wildebeest
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KONZA
ISINYA
KISERIAN
ATHI-RIVER
ONGATA RONGAINGONG
KAJIADO
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KONZA
ISINYA
KISERIAN
ATHI-RIVER
ONGATA RONGAINGONG
KAJIADO
Zebra
Wet season
Wet seasonDry Season
Dry Season
Cattle
Wildlife/Livestock Movement within the Athi-Kapiti
River
Railway Line
Fenced Park Bnd
Roads
Towns$
Legend1
Numbers1 - 6
7 - 27
28 - 60
61 - 96
97 - 168
Legend
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Kitengela
Nairobi NP
Kapiti Plains
Machakos Ranches
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#Kitengela
Nairobi NP
Kapiti Plains
Machakos Ranches
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KONZA
ISINYA
KISERIAN
ATHI-RIVER
ONGATA RONGAINGONG
KAJIADO
Kitengela
Nairobi NP
Kapiti Plains
Machakos Ranches
1984 1990
2000
River
Railway Line
Fenced Park Bnd
Roads
Towns$
Legend1
Bomas#
QuarryFarmsUrban
Legend2
Land-Use Changes within Athi-Kapiti
Threats to the system
• Growing human population numbers and settlement
• Crop farming• Fencing and quarrying along the areas previously
used for dispersal and as migration corridors• Changing land use – especially rapid since the
early 90’s when the EPZ was developed in the Kitengela
Impacts on the wildlife system
• Blockage and or disruption of important migration routes
• Habitat fragmentation and declining access to critical resources for WL in the ecosystem
• Declining numbers of wildlife, • Increasing conflicts arising from these and other
changes in the ecosystem
The Kitengela Lease Program
• Aims to provide a financial incentive to encourage land owners south of the park to allow wildlife unrestricted access to their land.
• Started in April 2000, initially with 214 acres, in 2001 grew to 2,708 and in April 2002 was at 7,000 acres. 14,000 acres are wait listed
• Landowners are paid US$ 4 per acre per year – a figure close to the income individuals make from rearing livestock
• Payments made in 3 installments during the year
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KONZA
ISINYA
KISERIAN
ATHI-RIVER
ONGATA RONGAINGONG
KAJIADO
Kitengela
Nairobi NP
Kapiti Plains
Machakos RanchesRiver
Railway Line
Fenced Park Bnd
Roads
Towns$
Legend1
Zebra and Wildebeest Distribution, Fenced and Leased Lands in the Athi-Kapiti Plains
Numbers1 - 6
7 - 27
28 - 60
61 - 96
97 - 168
Leased-land
Fenced-land
Legend2
Challenges to the program
• Rampant land sales• Value of lease in comparison to land sales.• Lack of other programs to supplement lease
incomes• Absence of a strong institutional mechanism to:
– Hold leases on a long term basis, enforce the terms of the lease as program grows
• Insufficient funds to endow the program
• Work on TLCT by AWF’s Tanzania Program
• The Kitengela work by Helen Gichohi with support from Wildlife Conservation Society & David Nkedianye of Friends of Nairobi National Park.