diploma project final copy avk2013

8/12/2019 Diploma Project Final Copy Avk2013

1/29

;

]bfrikc kgkcysls je gkturkc ajgvfatljg lg k acjsfm fgacjsurf wltb

fcfatrjgla ablp fihfmmfm lg kg katlvf wkcc

K mlssfrtktljg suhilttfm lg prkatlakc eucelccifgt ejr tbf kwkrm

je

Mlpcjik

lg

Ifabkglakc Fgolgffrlgo

Hy

Kvl` Hkc Krgkh Qkrikb

(ML^/;;/IF/>2) (ML^/;;/IF/;8)

Mlwjsbdyjtl Ojojl Qkurlg Mfy

(ML^/;;/IF/;6) (ML^/;;/IF/;>;)

Vgmfr tbf oulmkgaf je

Mr. Ksls Olrl Ir. Hlpckp Mks

Kssjalktf ^rjefssjr Ksslstkgt prjefssjr

Ifabkglakc Fgolgffrlgo Ifabkglakc Fgolgffrlgo

ZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZ

Mfpkrtifgt je Ifabkglakc Fgolgffrlgo

GJX]B FKQ]FXG XFOLJGKC LGQ]L]V]F JE QALFGAF KGM ]FABGJCJO\

(Mffifm Vglvfrslty)(Vgmfr tbf Ilglstry je Buikg Xfsjuraf Mfvfcjpifgt, Ojvfrgifgt je Lgmlk)

(V/Q 1 je tbf VOA Kat, ;;1


2/29

8

AFX]LELAK]F JE K^^XJUKC

]bls ls tj afrtley tbkt mlssfrtktljg fgtltcfm ]BFXIKC KGKC\QLQ JE GK]VXKC

AJGUFA]LJG LG K ACJQFM FGACJQVXF _L]B FCFA]XJGLA ABL^(Q)

FIHFMMFM LG KG KA]LUF _KCC suhilttfm hy Kvl` Hkc (ML^/;;/IF/>2), Krgkh

Qkrikb (ML^/;;/IF/;8), Mlwjsbdyjtl Ojojl (ML^/;;/IF/;6), Qkurlg Mfy

(ML^/;;/IF/;>;) lg eucelccifgt je tbf rfqulrfifgt ejr tbf ML^CJIK lg Ifabkglakc

Fgolgffrlgo suhilttfm tj tbf Gjr tb Fkstfrg Xfoljgkc L gstltutf je Qalfgaf kgm

]fabgjcjoy, L tkgkokr, ls k rfajrm je hjgkelmf wjr` akrrlfm jut hy tbfi murlgo tbfkakmfila sfssljg 8>;8-8>;1, lg tbf Mfpkrtifgt je Ifabkglakc Fgolgffrlgo, GFXLQ],

ugmfr tbf supfrvlsljg kgm oulmkgaf je Mr . Ksls Olr l kgm Ir. Hlpckh Mks, Mfpkrtifgt je

Ifabkglakc Fgolgffrl go, GFXLQ]. ]bf ikttfr fihjmlfm lg tbls mlssfrtktljg bks gjt hffg

suhilttfm tj kgy jtbfr uglvfrslty jr lgstltutf ejr tbf kwkrm je kgy jtbfr Mforff jr Mlpcjik.

Mr . Ksls Olrl I r. Hlpckh Mks

(^rjdfat Qupfrvlsjr) (^rjdfat Qupfrvlsjr kgm Ajjrmlgktjr)


3/29

1

AKGMLMK]FQ MFACKXK]LJG

_f afrtley tbkt tbf wjr` prfsfgtfm lg tbf prjdfat fgtltcfm ]bfrikc kgkcysls je gkturkc

ajgvfatljg lg k acjsfm fgacjsurf wltb fcfatrjgla ablp fihfmmfm lg kg katlvf wkcc0 k

prfrfqulsltf ejr pkrtlkc eucelccifgt ejr tbf kwkrm je Mlpcjik lg Ifabkglakc Fgolgffrlgo,

Gjrtb Fkst Xfoljgkc Lgstltutf je Qalfgaf kgm ]fabgjcjoy ls kg kaaurktf rfajrm je jur wjr`

akrrlfm jut ugmfr tbf oulmkgaf je Mr. Ksls Olrl kgm Ir. Hlpckh Mks.

_f bfrfhy mfackrf tbkt kcc lgejriktljg lg tbls mjauifgt bks hffg jhtklgfm kgm prfsfgtfm lg

kaajrmkgaf wltb kakmfila rucfs kgm ftblakc ajgmuat. L kcsj mfackrf tbkt, ks rfqulrfm hy tbfsfrucfs kgm ajgmuat, L bkvf euccy altfm kgm rfefrfgafm kcc iktfrlkc kgm rfsucts tbkt krf gjt

jrlolgkc tj tbls wjr`.

Kvl` Hkc Krgkh Qkrikb

ML^/;;/IF/>2 ML^/;;/IF/;8

Mlwjsbdyjtl Ojojl Qkurlg Mfy

ML^/;;/IF/;6 ML^/;;IF/;>;


4/29

=

Ka`gjwcfmofifgt

_f wjucm cl`f tj tk`f tbls tj fxprfss jur slgafrf orktltumf tj jur oulmfs Mr. Ksls Olrl

(Ksslstkgt ^rjefssjr, Mfpkrtifgt je Ifabkglakc Fgolgffrlgo, GFXLQ]) & Ir. Hlpckh Mks

(Ksslstkgt ^rjefssjr, Mfpkrtifgt je Ifabkglakc Fgolgffrlgo, GFXLQ]) ejr tbflr suppjrt

kgm oulmkgaf tbrjuobjut tbf prjdfat. _f wjucm kcsj cl`f tj tbkg` tbfi ejr tbflr vkcukhcf

tlif tbfy spfgt wltb us lgspltf je tbflr husy sabfmucf. ]bls prjdfat wjucm gjt hf pjsslhcf

wltbjut tbflr ajgtrlhutljg. _f krf kcsj tbkg`euc tj tbfi ejr cfkmlgo us tbflr bkgm je suppjrt

kgm fgajurkofifgt kgm ejr prjvlmlgo us tbf pfrefat pcktejri ejr cfkrglgo gfw s`lccs kgm

wky tj bkgmcf tbf prjhcfis.

Ckst hut gjt tbf cfkst wf wjucm kcsj cl`f tj olvf spfalkc tbkg`s tj jur pkrfgts kgm wbj

kcwkys suppjrtfm us wltb tbflr slcfgt hcfsslgo kgm prkyfrs. _f krf kcsj tbkg`euc tj jur

erlfgms wbj ajgtrlhutfm tj jur prjdfat wltb tbflr ijrkc suppjrt. _f wjucm kcsj cl`f tj

fxprfss jur mffp safgf je ekltbeuc orktltumf tj kcc tbf tfkablgo kgm gjgtfkablgo stkees je

Ifabkglakc Fgolgffrlgo Mfpkrtifgt je GFXLQ].


5/29

6

Khstrkat

]bf prfsfgt wjr` rfpjrts tbf tbfjrftlakc kgm guifrlakc stumy je gkturkc ajgvfatljg je bfkt

lg k acjsfm vfrtlakc fgacjsurf wltb mlsarfft bfkt sjurafs (rfprfsfgtlgo pjwfr-mlsslpktlgo

sfilajgmuatjr mfvlafs lg fcfatrjgla kppclaktljgs), ijugtfm jg tbf cfet kmlkhktla wkcc je tbf

fgacjsurf. ]bf iktfrlkc je tbf ablp ls ajgslmfrfm tj hf je kcuilglui kgm tbf wjr`lgo eculm

ls ajgslmfrfm tj hf klr. ]bf bfkt sjurafs krf tk`fg tj hf ajgstkgt tfipfrkturf sjurafs. ]bf

rlobt slmf wkcc je tbf fgacjsurf ls kg lsjtbfrikc bfkt slg` wltb bfkt sjurafs (fcfatrjgla

ablps) fihfmmfm lg lt. ]bf tjp kgm tbf hjttji wkcc krf ajgslmfrfm tj hf kmlkhktla wkccs. ]bf

vfcjalty strfki eugatljg, ajgtjurs je stktla tfipfrkturf, ajgtjurs je fgtrjpy kgm vkrlktljg je

vfcjalty ikogltumf hftwffg tbf bfkt sjuraf kgm bfkt slg` ajgslmfrfm krf elourfm erjiECVFG] kgkcysls. ]bf tjtkc bfkt trkgsefr rktf kgm tjtkc ikss trkgsefr rktf ls kcsj akcaucktfm

ejr kcc tbf krrkgofifgts (; ablp, 8 ablp, 1 ablp) kgm tkhucktfm. ]bf mfslog kgm sliucktljg

sjetwkrf pka`kof usfm krf Ecufgt 5.1.85 kgm Okihlt 8.=.5.


6/29

5

AJG]FG]Q

Ajvfr ^kof l

Afrtlelaktf je Kpprjvkc ll

Akgmlmktfs Mfackrktljg lll

Ka`gjwcfmofifgt lv

Khstrkat v

Ajgtfgts vl

Clst je Qyihjcs vll

Clst je Elourfs vlll

ABK^]FX ; LG]XJMVA]LJG

;.; Bfkt trkgsefr lg fcfatrjgla ablp ;

;.8 Iktfrlkcs 8

;.1 ^rlgalpcfs je bfkt trkgsefr

;.1.; Ajgmuatljg 1

;.1.8 Ajgvfatljg =

;.1.1 Xkmlktljg 6

ABK^]FX 8 CL]FXK]VXF XFULF_

8. Cltfrkturf Xfvlfw 5

ABK^]FX 1 AJI^V]K]LJGKC KGKC\QLQ

1.;.; ^byslakc Ijmfc ?

1.;.8 Okihlt Ijmfc ?

1.;.1 Ifsblgo 2

1.;.= ECVFG] Kgkcysls 2

1.8.; Jpfrktlgo Ajgmltljgs 2


7/29

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1.8.8 Iktfrlkcs ^rjpfrtlfs

1.8.5 Qjcutljg lgltlkclzktljg ;;

ABK^]FX = XFQVC]Q KGM MLQAVQQLJGQ

=.; Ajgtjurs je Ufcjalty Qtrfki Eugatljg ;8

=.8 Ajgtjurs je Qtktla ]fipfrkturf ;1

=.1 Ajgtjurs je Fgtrjpy ;6

=.= Ukrlktljg je vfcjalty ;5

ABK^]FX 6 AJGACVQLJG

6.; Ajgacusljgs ;> _/i8. Bfkt ls ofgfrktfm lg k rfslstlvf fcfifgt ejr ks cjgo ks aurrfgt ajgtlgufs

tj ecjw tbrjuob lt. ]bls arfktfs k bfkt hulcm-up kgm k suhsfqufgt tfipfrkturf rlsf kt kgm

krjugm tbf ajipjgfgt. ]bf tfipfrkturf je tbf ajipjgfgt wlcc ajgtlguf rlslgo ugtlc tbf

ajipjgfgt ls mfstrjyfm ugcfss bfkt ls trkgsefrrfm kwky erji lt. ]bf tfipfrkturf je tbf

ajipjgfgt wlcc rfiklg ajgstkgt wbfg tbf rktf je bfkt rfijvkc erji lt fqukcs tbf rktf je

bfkt ofgfrktljg.

;.8 Iktfrlkcs

Fcfatrjgla ablps usfm vkrljus fcfatrjgla kppclkgafs akg hf ikmf erji

k vkrlfty je iktfrlkcs. Kcuilgui ls ijst wlmfcy prfefrrfm lg aryjofgla

kgm kfrjspkaf kppclaktljgs hfakusf je lts cjw mfgslty, blob tbfrikc

ajgmuatlvlty kgm blob strfgotb kt cjw tfipfrkturf. Kt tfipfrkturfs khjvfkihlfgt, ijst kcuilgui kccjys cjsf ifabkglakc strfgotb. Qtklgcfss stffcs,

gla`fc kgm ajppfr kccjys bkvf hffg usfm kt tfipfrkturfs up tj 6>> > A. ]bf

hrkzlgo iktfrlkc lg aksf je kcuilgui fxabkgofrs ls kg kcu ilgui kccjy je

cjwfr ifctlgo pjlgt, wblcf tbkt usfm lg stklgcfss stffc fxabkgofrs ls k

gla`fc hksfm kccjy wltb kpprjprlktf ifctlgo.

;.1 ^rlgalpcfs je bfkt trkgsefr.

Bfkt trkgsefr ls tbf salfgaf wblab sff`s tj prfmlat tbf fgfroy trkgsefr wblab iky

tk`f pckaf hftwffg iktfrlkc hjmlfs ks k rfsuct je tfipfrkturf mleefrfgaf hftwffg tbfi.

Bfkt trkgsefr P6Y ls k mlsalpclgf je tbfrikc fgolgffrlgo tbkt ajgafrgs tbf ofgfrktljg, usf,

ajgvfrsljg, kgm fxabkgof je tbfrikc fgfroy kgm bfkt hftwffg pbyslakc systfis. ]bfrf

krf tbrff mleefrfgt typfs je bfkt trkgsefr4 ajgmuatljg, ajgvfatljg, kgm rkmlktljg. K

tfipfrkturf mleefrfgaf iust fxlst ejr bfkt trkgsefr tj jaaur. Bfkt ls kcwkys trkgsefrrfm lg

tbf mlrfatljg je mfarfkslgo tfipfrkturf

]bf tbrff ijmfs4

Ajgmuatljg4Fgfroy trkgsefr wltblg sjclms


12/29

;8

Ajgvfatljg4]rkgsefr erji k surekaf tj k ijvlgo eculm

Xkmlktljg4]rkgsefr hy fcfatrjikogftla rkmlktljg

;.1.;Ajgmuatljg

Ajgmuatljg ls k ijmf je bfkt trkgsefr tbkt jaaurs wbfg tbfrf ls k tfipfrkturf

orkmlfgt karjss k hjmy. Lg tbls aksf, tbf fgfroy ls trkgsefrrfm erji k blob tfipfrkturf

rfoljg tj cjw tfipfrkturf rfoljg muf tj rkgmji ijcfauckr ijtljg mleeusljg. Blobfr

tfipfrkturfs krf kssjalktfm wltb blobfr ijcfauckr fgfrolfs kgm wbfg tbfy ajcclmf wltb

cfss fgfroftla ijcfaucfs tbf trkgsefr je fgfroy jaaurs.

]bf slipcfst ajgmuatljg bfkt trkgsefr akg hf mfsarlhfm ks jgf mlifgsljgkc bfkt

ecjw mfplatfm lg Elourf ;.Lg tbls sltuktljg, tbf bfkt ecjws lgtj jgf ekaf je tbf jhdfat kgm

jut tbf jppjsltf ekaf wltb gj bfkt cjss (ecjw) jut tbf slmfs je tbf jhdfat. ]bf surekafs ;

kgm 8 krf bfcm kt ajgstkgt tfipfrkturf. Acfkrcy, lg jgf mlifgsljgkc bfkt ecjw, tbf

tfipfrkturf je kg jhdfat ls k eugatljg je jgcy jgf vkrlkhcf, gkifcy tbf mlstkgaf erji

fltbfr ekaf je tbf jhdfat (ekaf ; jr 8).

Fgfroy ls trkgsefrrfm hy ajgmuatljg kgm tbf bfkt trkgsefr rktf pfr uglt krfk ls

prjpjrtljgkc tj tbf gjrikc tfipfrkturf orkmlfgt.

q 9 `K

Elo.;. Jgf mlifgsljgkc bfkt ecjw


13/29

;1

;.1.8.Ajgvfatljg

]bf ajgvfatljg bfkt trkgsefr ijmf ls ajiprlsfm je twj ifabkglsis4 rkgmji

ijcfauckr ijtljg (mleeusljg) kgm fgfroy trkgsefrrfm hy huc` jr ikarjsajpla ijtljg je

tbf eculm. ]bf ajgvfatljg bfkt trkgsefr jaaurs wbfg k ajjc eculm ecjws pkst tbf wkri

hjmy. ]bf eculm kmdkafgt tj tbf hjmy ejris k tblg scjwfm mjwg rfoljg akccfm tbf

hjugmkry ckyfr. ]bf vfcjalty je tbf eculm kt tbf surekaf je tbf hjmy ls rfmuafm tj zfrj muf

tj tbf vlsajus katljg. ]bfrfejrf, kt tbls pjlgt, tbf bfkt ls trkgsefrrfm jgcy hy ajgmuatljg.

]bf ijvlgo eculm tbfg akrrlfs tbf bfkt kwky. ]bf tfipfrkturf orkmlfgt kt tbf surekaf je

tbf hjmy mfpfgms jg tbf rktf kt wblab tbf eculm akrrlfs tbf bfkt kwky.

]bf ajgvfatljg bfkt trkgsefr iky hf acksslelfm kaajrmlgo tj tbf gkturf je eculm ecjw.

Ejrafm ajgvfatljg jaaurs wbfg tbf ecjw ls akusfm hy fxtfrgkc ifkgs, suab ks k ekg, k

puip kgm slilckr. Kg fxkipcf ls k ekg wblab prjvlmfs ejrafm ajgvfatljg klr ajjclgo je

bjt fcfatrlakc ajipjgfgts jg k prlgtfm alrault hjkrm.

]j fxprfss tbf jvfrkcc feefat je ajgvfatljg, wf usfGfwtjgs ckw je ajjclgo4

;.1.1.Xkmlktljg

Bfkt trkgsefr jaaurs hy fcfatrjikogftla rkmlktljg hftwffg tbf surekafs je k hjmy kgm

tbf surrjugmlgo ifmlui. Lt ls k blobcy gjgclgfkr eugatljg je tbf khsjcutf tfipfrkturfs je

tbf hjmy kgm ifmlui. ]bf ikogltumf je tbf bfkt ecux gjrikc tj k sjclm surekaf hy

rkmlktljg ls

qr 9 Kr(]r=]i

=).

Bfrf ]r ls tbf khsjcutf tfipfrkturf je tbf hjmy surekaf, ]i ls tbf khsjcutf

tfipfrkturf je tbf surrjugmlgo ifmlui, Kr ls tbf hjmy surekaf krfk suhdfatfm tj

rkmlktljg, 9 6.5? x ;>2P_/i8@=Y ls tbf Qtfekg-Hjctzikgg ajgstkgt, kgm ls k surekaf

ekatjr ( 9 ; ejr k pfrefat hcka` hjmy).


14/29

;=

_kys tj lgarfksf bfkt trkgsefr.

;. ]bf ajgvfatljg ajfeelalfgt b ajucm hf lgarfksfm hy lgarfkslgo tbf eculm vfcjalty kgm

eculm tfipfrkturf ajucm hf rfmuafm. Bjwfvfr lgarfkslgo b fvfg tj tbf ikxliui

pjsslhcf vkcufs jetfg lgsueelalfgt tj jhtklg tbf mfslrkhcf bfkt trkgsefr rktf jr tbf ajsts

rfcktfm tj hcjwfr jr puip pjwfr rfqulrfm tj lgarfksf b iky hf prjblhltlvf.

8. ]bf sfajgm jptljg je lgarfkslgo tbf eculm tfipfrkturf ls jetfg liprkatlakc.

]bf bfkt trkgsefr rktf iky hf lgarfksfm hy lgarfkslgo tbf surekaf krfk karjss

wblab ajgvfatljg jaaurs. ]bls iky hf mjgf hy uslgo elgs tbkt fxtfgms erji wkccs

lgtj tbf surrjugmlgo eculm. ]bf tbfrikc ajgmuatlvlty je tbf elg iktfrlkc bks k strjgofeefat jg tbf tfipfrkturf mlstrlhutljg kcjgo tbf elgs kgm bfgaf tbf mforff tj wblab

tbf bfkt trkgsefr rktf ls fgbkgafm.

]bfrf krf afrtklg sltuktljgs lg fgolgffrlgo mfslog wbfg tbf jhdfatlvf ls tj

rfmuaf tbf ecjw je bfkt, f.o., bfkt fxabkgofrs, hulcmlgo lgsucktljg, tbfrij ecks` kgm

sj jg. ]bfrikc lgsucktljg iktfrlkcs iust bkvf k cjw tbfrikc ajgmuatlvlty. Lg ijst

aksfs tbls ls kablfvfm hy trkpplgo klr jr sjif jtbfr oks lgslmf tbf sikcc akvltlfs lg k

sjclm. Lt usfs tbf lgbfrfgtcy cjw ajgmuatlvlty je oks tj lgbkhlt bfkt ecjw. Bfkt akg

bjwfvfr hf trkgsefrrfm hy gkturkc ajgvfatljg lgslmf tbf oks pja`fts kgm hy rkmlktljg

hftwffg tbf sjclm fgacjsfm wkccs. ]bf ajgmuatlvlty je lgsucktlgo iktfrlkcs ls

tbfrfejrf tbf rfsucts je k ajihlgktljg je bfkt ecjw ifabkglsis. Lt ls kg feefatlvfgfss

vkcuf tbkt abkgofs wltb tfipfrkturf, prfssurf kgm fgvlrjgifgtkc ajgmltljgs, f.o.,

ijlsturf.


15/29

;6

ABK^]FX 8

CL]FXK]VXF XFULF_

ZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZ

Qtumlfs jg bfkt trkgsefr ejr fxtfgmfm surekafs bkvf hffg fxpcklgfm lg tbf fkrclfr

puhclaktljgs suab ks Bkrpfr kgm Hrjwg , Fcfghkks kgm Okrmgfr . Bfkt trkgsefrs lg aksf je

gkturkc ajgvfatljg erji vfrtlakc kgm bjrlzjgtkc elg krrkys krf lgvfstloktfm hy sfvfrkc

rfsfkrabfrs, ejr lgstkgaf, @kr`l kgm ^ktkg`kr. Xfafgt fxpfrlifgtkc stumlfs hy Xkj kgm

Ufg`ktfsbkg jg vfrtlakc elg wltb bjrlzjgtkc hksf ajgslmfr sliuctkgfjus erff ajgvfatljg

kgm rkmlktljg. Ijrf fxpfrlifgtkc fvlmfgaf jg gkturkc ajgvfatljg ejr vfrtlakc elg wltb

vfrtlakc hksf akg hf sffg lg Elsbfr kgm ]jrrkgaf, lg wblab abligfy feefat wks mlsaussfm.

\kzlaljcu kgm \ga prfsfgtfm jptliui elg spkalgo lg tbf aksf je gkturkc ajgvfatljg

erji vfrtlakc elg wltb vfrtlakc hksf.

Quikgtk Hkgfrdff, ft. kc. P(8>>2) ;6;5;68?Y je Dkmkvpur Vglvfrslty, @jc`ktk lg tbflr

djurgkc Gkturkc ajgvfatljg lg k hl-bfktfr ajgelourktljg je pksslvf fcfatrjgla ajjclgo

stumlfs tbf stfkmy stktf sliucktljg je gkturkc ajgvfatljg lg k bjrlzjgtkc, pckgkr squkrf

akvlty wltb twj mlsarftf bfkt sjurafs, ecusb-ijugtfm jg lts hjttji wkcc. ]bf bfktfrs krf

ijmfcfm ks ajgstkgt-ecux bfkt sjurafs. ]bf slmfwkccs je tbf akvlty krf lsjtbfrikc bfkt

slg`s. ]bf tjp wkcc kgm tbf gjg-bfktfm pjrtljgs je tbf hjttji wkcc krf kmlkhktla.

Hujykgay-mrlvfg ajgvfatljg ls sliucktfm ejr vkrylgo cfgotb kgm/jr strfgotb rktljs je tbf

twj bfkt sjurafs, ejr k elxfm akvlty slzf kgm k ajgstkgt vkcuf je tjtkc tbfrikc fgfroy

lgput. ]bf ajiputktljgkc stumy qukgtltktlvfcy mfplats tbf arltlakc rjcfs pckyfm hy tbf

bfktfr cfgotb kgm bfktfr strfgotb rktljs lg fgsurlgo tbkt tbf mfvlafs jpfrktf wltblg tbf

skef tfipfrkturf clilts spfalelfm hy tbf ikguekaturfr. Quab qukgtltktlvf prfmlatljgs

bfcp mftfrilgf tbf rkgof lg wblab tbf bfktfr slzfs kgm/jr ecux strfgotbs iky hf vkrlfm sj

tbkt tbf ajgmltljgs je jpfrktljg. ]bf rktlj je ecux strfgotbs je tbf bfkt sjurafs kgm tbflrcfgotbs krf tk`fg ks vkrlkhcfs, wblcf `ffplgo tbf tjtkc bfkt lgput tj tbf akvlty ks ajgstkgt.

Ejr kgy abjsfg vkcuf je cfgotb (strfgotb) rktlj, ikxliui tfipfrkturf jg hjtb bfktfrs ls

prfsfgtfm ks k eugatljg je bfktfr cfgotb rktlj. ]bfy ejugm jut tbkt hy abkgolgo tbf

mlifgsljgcfss cfgotb rktlj, le bfktfr strfgotb rktlj ls vkrlfm lg fltbfr mlrfatljg je tbf vkcuf

je tjtkc bfkt lgput, tbf ikxliui tfipfrkturf je jgf je tbf bfktfr rlsfs khjvf tbf

pfrilsslhcf clilt.


16/29

;5

ABK^]FX 1

AJI^V]K]LJGKC KGKC\QLQ

ZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZ

1.;.Ijmfcclgo

1.;.; ^byslakc Ijmfc4-

Kcc tbf tbrff ijmfcs je tbf mleefrfgt typfs je ablp krrkgofifgts ajgslmfrfm krf sbjwg hfcjw

wltb prjpfr gjifgackturfs je tbf ajgtjurs wltb mlifgsljgs.

(k) (h) (a)

Elo.8.Qabfiktla mlkorki je tbf tbrff typfs je ablp krrkgofifgt (k) Qlgocf guihfr je ablp

fihfmmfm lg tbf katlvf wkcc, (h) ]wj guihfrs je ablp kttkabfm wltb katlvf wkcc, (a) ]brff

guihfrs je ablp fihfmmfm lg tbf katlvf wkcc.


17/29

;?

1.;.8 Okihlt Ijmfc4

]bf twj-mlifgsljgkc ekafs je tbf tbrff typfs je ablp krrkgofifgt krf sbjwg hfcjw4

(k) (h) (a)

Elo.1. OKIHL] ijmfc. (k) Ijmfc wltb jgf guihfr je ablp. (h) Ijmfc wltb twj guihfr

je ablps. (a) Ijmfc wltb tbrff guihfr je ablps

1.;.1 Ifsblgo4

]bf tbrff twj-mlifgsljgkc ekafs ketfr ifsblgo krf sbjwg hfcjw4

Ifsb ]ypf4 [ukm Ifsb Qpkalgo4 >.>>>6

Elo.=. OKIHL] ijmfc ketfr ifsblgo.

(k) (h) (a)Ejr ; ablp ijmfc Ejr 8 ablp ijmfc Ejr 1 ablp ijmfc


18/29

;2

1.8.ECVFG] KGKC\QLQ41.8.;Jpfrktlgo Ajgmltljgs4

]khcf4 ;4 Jpfrktlgo Ajgmltljgs je tbf ajgslmfrfm ijmfc ejr fkab aksf.

^krkiftfrs Ukcufs

Jpfrktlgo

^rfssurf;>;186 k

Orkvltktljgkc

Kaafcfrktljg

R 9 > i/s

\ 9 -1@

Jpfrktlgo

Mfgslty

;.886 ò/i

1.8.8. Iktfrlkcs ^rjpfrtlfs4

Bfrf wf bkvf tk`fg klr ks jpfrktlgo eculm. ]bf iktfrlkc prjpfrtlfs ejr kcc tbf tbrff

aksfs krf skif. ]bf iktfrlkcs prjpfrtlfs je tbf ajgslmfrfm ijmfc krf olvfg lg

]khcf8.

]khcf4 84 Iktfrlkcs prjpfrtlfs je tbf ajgslmfrfm ijmfc.

^krkiftfrs Ukcufs

Mfgslty (Hjusslgfsq) ;.886 ò/i

Qpfalela Bfkt (Ap) ;>>6 D/ò-@

]bfrikc Ajgmuatlvlty >.>82? _/i-@

Ulsajslty ;.?2.>>11 @-

1.8.1. Hjugmkry Ajgmltljgs4

]brff typfs je ablp krrkgofifgt ls ajgslmfrfm ejr tbf skif vfrtlakc fgacjsurf. ]bf

mlifgsljg je tbf vfrtlakc fgacjsurf ls ajgslmfrfm >.>;6 hy >.>8< iftfrs kgm tbf ablp cfgotb

hflgo >.>>1 iftfrs. Ejr ;st aksf jgf ablp ls fihfmmfm lg tbf ilmmcf je tbf katlvf wkcc

(blob tfipfrkturf sjuraf) kt 1=1 @ kgm tbf ajcm wkcc (cjw tfipfrkturf slg`) hflgo kt 1>1 @.

Kcc jtbfr wkccs je tbf vfrtlakc fgacjsurf ls ajgslmfrfm tj hf kmlkhktla.


19/29

;1 @, ]B9 1=1 @, ]B]A9 =>@)

Tjgf ]ypf ]bfrikc Ajgmltljg Ukcuf

Xlobt wkcc _KCC ]fipfrkturf 1>1 @

Ablp _KCC ]fipfrkturf 1=1 @

]jp kmlkhktla wkcc _KCC Bfkt Ecux > _/i

Hjttji kmlkhktla wkcc _KCC Bfkt Ecux > _/i

Cfet kmlkhktla _KCC Bfkt Ecux > _/i

]khcf=4 Aksf 14 _ltb 8 Ablps (]A9 1>1 @, ]B9 1=1 @, ]B]A9 =>@)



Ablp (fkab) _KCC ]fipfrkturf 1=1 @

]jp kmlkhktla _KCC Bfkt Ecux > _/i

Hjttji kmlkhktla _KCC Bfkt Ecux > _/i

Cfet kmlkhktla _KCC Bfkt Ecux > _/i8

]khcf64 Aksf 14 _ltb 1 Ablps (]A9 1>1 @, ]B9 1=1 @, ]B]A9 => @)



Ablp (fkab) _KCC ]fipfrkturf 1=1 @

]jp kmlkhktla _KCC Bfkt Ecux > _/i

Hjttji kmlkhktla _KCC Bfkt Ecux > _/i8

Cfet kmlkhktla _KCC Bfkt Ecux > _/i

1.8.=. Vgmfr-Xfckxktljg Ekatjrs4

]bf Vgmfr-rfckxktljg ekatjrs ejr fkab je tbf aksfs krf ajgslmfrfm skif.


20/29

8>

]khcf 54 Xfckxktljg Ekatjrs

^krkiftfrs Ukcuf

^rfssurf >.1

Mfgslty ;

Hjmy ejrafs ;

Ijifgtui >.?

Fgfroy ;

1.8.6. Ajgvfrofgaf Arltfrlk4

]khcf4 ?4 Ajgvfrofgaf arltfrlk

Xfslmukcs Khsjcutf Arltfrlk

Ajgtlgulty >.>>;

x-vfcjalty >.>>;

y-vfcjalty >.>>;

Fgfroy ;f->6

1.8.5. Qjcutljg Lgltlkclzktljg

]khcf4 24 Lgltlkc Ukcufs tk`fg ejr kcc tbf aksfs.

^krkiftfrs Lgltlkc vkcufs

Okuof prfssurf > ^k

R-vfcjalty > i/s

\-vfcjalty > i/s

]fipfrkturf 181 @


21/29

8;

ABK^]FX =

XFQVC]Q KGM MLQAVQQLJGQ

Jur pbyslakc ijmfcs wltb fcfatrjgla ablp(s) kttkabfm tj kg katlvf wkcc je k vfrtlakc fgacjsurf

krf mfslogfm lg OKIHL] 8.1 kgm sliuctkgfjuscy sliucktfm lg ECVFG]. ]bf sliucktljg ls

pfrejrifm ejr fkab krrkgofifgt (; ablp, 8 ablp kgm 1 ablp) jgf hy jgf kgm tbf ejccjwlgo

elourfs krf jhsfrvfm.

=.; Ajgtjurs je Ufcjalty strfki eugatljg.

Elo =.;.;4 Ufcjalty Qtrfki eugatljg je tbf ijmfc wltb jgf guihfr je ablp.

Elo =.;.84 Ufcjalty Qtrfki eugatljg je tbf ijmfc wltb twj guihfr je ablps.


22/29


23/29

81

Elo =.8.8 4 Ajgtjurs je stktla tfipfrkturf je tbf ijmfc wltb twj guihfr je ablps

Elo =.8.1 4 Ajgtjurs je stktla tfipfrkturf je tbf ijmfc wltb tbrff guihfr je ablps.


24/29

8=

=.1 4 Ajgtjurs je fgtrjpy.

.

Elo =.1.; 4 Ajgtjurs je fgtrjpy je tbf ijmfc wltb jgf guihfr je ablp.

Elo =.1.8. 4 Ajgtjurs je fgtrjpy je tbf ijmfc wltb twj guihfrs je ablps.


25/29

86

Elo =.1.14 Ajgtjurs je fgtrjpy je tbf ijmfc wltb tbrff guihfrs je ablps.

=.= 4 Ukrlktljg je vfcjalty.

Elo =.=.;4 Ukrlktljg je vfcjalty kcjgo lsj-surekaf tk`fg kt vfrtlakc bkce mlstkgaf je tbf

fgacjsurf ejr jgf guihfr je ablp.


26/29

85

Elo =.=.84 Ukrlktljg je vfcjalty kcjgo lsj-surekaf tk`fg kt vfrtlakc bkce mlstkgaf je tbf

fgacjsurf ejr twj guihfrs je ablps.

Elo

=.=.14 Ukrlktljg je vfcjalty kcjgo lsj-surekaf tk`fg kt vfrtlakc bkce mlstkgaf je tbf

fgacjsurf ejr tbrff guihfr je ablps.


27/29


28/29

82

ABK^]FX 6

AJGACVQLJGQ

]bf Bfkt Ecux ofgfrktfm lg fkab je tbf fcfatrjgla ablps ijugtfm lg tbf katlvf wkcc wks

akcaucktfm uslgo sjetwkrfs OKIHL] 8.= kgm ECVFG] 5.1. ]bfg tbf tjtkc bfkt trkgsefr

rktf ejr fkab ijmfc wks akcaucktfm hy kmmlgo up tbf bfkt ecuxfs je tbf lgmlvlmukc ablps.

Lt wks ejugm tbkt tbf bfkt trkgsefr rktf ls ikxliui ejr tbf ajgmltljg lg wblab ikxliui

guihfrs je bfkt ofgfrktlgo sjurafs (l.f. Ablp) krf lgvjcvfm..

Erji prfsfgt stumy wf jhtklgfm ajgvfatljg bfkt trkgsefr ajfeelalfgt (b)

ejr mleefrfgt hksf tfipfrkturf. _f ejugm tbkt ajgvfatljg bfkt trkgsefr

mfarfksfs wltb tbf lgarfksf lg tfipfrkturf.

Qajpf je euturf wjr`

Eurtbfr stumy jg tbls elfcm akg hf mjgf jg kg fxpfrlifgtkc sftup tj

vkclmktf jur jutajif. Ijrf rlojrjus stumy ls rfqulrfm tj ajgacumf tbf

fxpfrlifgtkc rfsucts jhtklgfm erji prfsfgt ajgelourktljg.


29/29

8>;)

P8Y Qkabmfvk X.A.4 Eugmkifgtkcs je Fgolgffrlgo Bfkt kgm Ikss ]rkgsefr, , Gfw Kof^uhclaktljgs.

P1Y Djbg B Clfgbkrm lv kgm Djbg B Clfgbkrm v , K Bfkt ]rkgsefr ]fxthjj`, ]blrm Fmltljg,^bcjolstjg ^rfss.

P=Y Hkgfrdff Q.0 Iu`bjpkmbyky K0 Qfg Q0, Okgoucy X4, Gkturkc ajgvfatljg lg k hl-bfktfrajgelourktljg je pksslvf fcfatrjgla ajjclgo, Lgtfrgktljgkc Djurgkc je ]bfrikc Qalfgafs

(8>>2) ;6;5;68?

P6Y Hkgfrdff Q.0 Iu`bjpkmbyky K0 Qfg Q0, Okgoucy X4,, Feefat je hjugmkry ajgmltljgs jgtbfrij orkvltktljgkc ajgvfatljg lg k squkrf fgacjsurf wltb ajgstkgt ecux bfktlgo kt tbf

hjttji wkcc tbrjuob hl-bfktfr ajgelourktljg, lg4 ^rjaffmlgos je GAEIE^8>>5, LL]

Hjihky, 8>>5, ;?;?, pp. ;2.P5Y KGQ\Q ECVFG] ;8.>/;8.; Mjauifgtktljg.

bttp4//www.sbkragft.ak/Qjetwkrf/Ecufgt;8/lgmfx.bti

P?Y Ecufgt 5.> Vsfr's Oulmf Ujc ;bttp4//www.sarlhm.aji/mja/8262855?/Ecufgt-5->-Vsfr-s-Oulmf-Ujc-;

P2Y Okihlt Vsfr Oulmfbttp4//www.sarlhm.aji/mja/?582=5

diploma project final copy avk2013

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