diploid vs haploid - difference and comparison _ diffen

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Diploid vs. Haploid Compare Anything ›› vs. GO Angiosperms Gymnosperms 1 Brief Introduction to the Chromosome 2 Definition 3 Meiosis 4 Which Cells are Haploid? 5 Cell Division and Growth 6 Ploidy 7 Examples 8 Video explaining the differences 9 References Diffen › Science › Biology › Molecular Biology There are two types of cells in the body ‑ haploid cells and diploid cells. The difference between haploid and diploid cells is related to the number of chromosomes that the cell contains. Comparison chart Diploid Haploid About Diploid cells contain two complete sets (2n) of chromosomes. Haploid cells have half the number of chromosomes (n) as diploid ‑ i.e. a haploid cell contains only one complete set of chromosomes. Cell Division and Growth Diploid cells reproduce by mitosis making daughter cells that are exact replicas. Haploid cells are a result of the process of meiosis, a type of cell division in which diploid cells divide to give rise to haploid germ cells. A haploid cell will merge with another haploid cell at fertilization. Examples Skin, blood, muscle cells (also known as somatic cells) Cells used in sexual reproduction, sperm and ova (also known as Gametes). Contents: Diploid vs Haploid Brief Introduction to the Chromosome A chromosome is a double‑helix structure that houses DNA and protein in cells. It is a strand of DNA that contains genes found in living organisms. It also contains proteins, which help package the DNA and control its functions. A homologous chromosome is a chromosome pair of the same length, centromere position, and staining pattern with genes for the same characteristics at corresponding loci (location). Definition Since ploidy refers to the number of sets of chromosomes in a biological cell, a cell containing two sets of chromosomes comes to be known as a diploid cell. Humans have a total of 23 pairs of chromosomes, which brings it to a total of 46. (23 X 2) Twenty two of these pairs are autosomal in nature , i.e. they lend non‑sexual characteristics while the last pair is known as the sex chromosome. A haploid cell, on the other hand, is that cell which contains only one set of chromosomes in it. Haploid cells are found in various algae, various male bees, wasps and ants. Haploid cells should not be confused with monoploid cells as the monoploid number refers to the number of unique chromosomes in one biological cell. Meiosis

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Page 1: Diploid vs Haploid - Difference and Comparison _ Diffen

Diploid vs. HaploidCompare Anything ››   vs.    GOAngiosperms Gymnosperms

1 Brief Introduction to the Chromosome

2 Definition

3 Meiosis

4 Which Cells are Haploid?

5 Cell Division and Growth

6 Ploidy

7 Examples

8 Video explaining the differences

9 References

Diffen  › Science  › Biology  › Molecular Biology

There are two types of cells in the body ‑ haploid cells and diploid cells. Thedifference between haploid and diploid cells is related to the number ofchromosomes that the cell contains.

Comparison chart

Diploid Haploid

About Diploid cells contain twocomplete sets (2n) ofchromosomes.

Haploid cells have half thenumber of chromosomes (n) asdiploid ‑ i.e. a haploid cellcontains only one complete set ofchromosomes.

Cell Division andGrowth

Diploid cells reproduce bymitosis making daughter cellsthat are exact replicas.

Haploid cells are a result of theprocess of meiosis, a type of celldivision in which diploid cellsdivide to give rise to haploidgerm cells. A haploid cell willmerge with another haploid cellat fertilization.

Examples Skin, blood, muscle cells (alsoknown as somatic cells)

Cells used in sexualreproduction, sperm and ova(also known as Gametes).

Contents: Diploid vs Haploid

Brief Introduction to the Chromosome

A chromosome is a double‑helix structure that houses DNA and protein in cells. It is astrand of DNA that contains genes found in living organisms. It also contains proteins,which help package the DNA and control its functions. A homologous chromosome isa chromosome pair of the same length, centromere position, and staining pattern withgenes for the same characteristics at corresponding loci (location).

Definition

Since ploidy refers to the number of sets of chromosomes in a biological cell, a cellcontaining two sets of chromosomes comes to be known as a diploid cell. Humanshave a total of 23 pairs of chromosomes, which brings it to a total of 46. (23 X 2) Twentytwo of these pairs are autosomal in nature, i.e. they lend non‑sexual characteristicswhile the last pair is known as the sex chromosome. A haploid cell, on the other hand,is that cell which contains only one set of chromosomes in it. Haploid cells are found invarious algae, various male bees, wasps and ants. Haploid cells should not be confusedwith monoploid cells as the monoploid number refers to the number of uniquechromosomes in one biological cell.

Meiosis

Page 2: Diploid vs Haploid - Difference and Comparison _ Diffen

All animal cells have a fixed number of chromosomes in their body cells which exist inhomologous pairs (2n). Each pair of chromosomes consists of one chromosome fromthe mother and the second from the father. During the process of meiosis (cell divisionfor sexual reproduction), the sex cells divide to produce ʺgametesʺ which then containonly one set of the chromosomes (n).

When the male and female gametes fuse during fertilization and zygote formation, thechromosome number is restored to 2n again. Thus, diploid cells are those whichcontain a complete set (or 2n number) of chromosomes whereas haploid cells arethose that have half the number of chromosomes (or n) in the nucleus. In plant cells,the haploid or n stage constitutes a large part of the life cycle.

Which Cells are Haploid?

Gametes or germ cells are haploid cells (example: sperm and ova) containing only oneset (or n) number of chromosomes and autosomal or somatic cells are diploid cellscontaining 2n number of chromosomes. The number of chromosomes (n) differs indifferent organisms. In humans a complete set (2n) comprises of 46 chromosomes.

Cell Division and Growth

Haploid cells are a result of the process of meiosis, a type of reductional cell division inwhich diploid cells divide to give rise to haploid germ cells or spores. During meiosis,a diploid germ cell divides to give rise to four haploid cells in two rounds of celldivision. This process does not occur in organisms (example bacteria) that reproducevia asexual processes like binary fission.

Haploid cells being produced via the process of meiosis. Note how eachcell ends up having half the number of chromosomes as the parent cell.

During the process of reproduction, haploid cells (male and female) unite to form adiploid zygote. Cell growth is the result of mitosis; it is a process by which mother cellsdivide to give rise to identical daughter cells with equal number of chromosomes. Thisprocess differs slightly in different types of cells, animal cells undergoing ʺopenʺmitosis with the breakdown of nuclear membrane, whereas organisms like fungi andyeast undergo closed mitosis with an intact nuclear membrane.

Ploidy

Ploidy is the complete set of chromosomes in a cell. Inhumans most somatic cells are in a diploid state and only switch to a haploid state ingametes or sex cells. In algae and fungi cells switch between a haploid and diploid stateover the length of their life cycle (known as alternation of generation), and are in ahaploid state during the principle stage of their life cycle.

Polyploidy refers to a state where multiple sets of chromosomes are present. This iscommonly seen in plant cells but not in animal cells.

Examples

A spermatogonium (primordial germ cell) is a good example of a diploid cell.

In animals, haploid cells are found in the sex cells. Male bees, wasps, and ants arehaploid because of the way they develop: from unfertilized, haploid eggs.

Video explaining the differences

Page 3: Diploid vs Haploid - Difference and Comparison _ Diffen

April 19, 2014, 10:35pm

super helpful

— 71.✗.✗.214

Anonymous comments (5)

Comments: Diploid vs Haploid

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Video explaining the differences

These videos explain the differences between haploid and diploid cells:

5.2.1 Haploid v. Diploid

This video from Khan Academy explains the concepts in more detail:

Mitosis, Meiosis and Sexual Reproduction

ReferencesDiploid Cell ‑ About.com EducationWikipedia: ChromosomeWikipedia: Ploidy

Related Comparisons

   

Angiosperms  vsGymnosperms

DNA  vs  RNA Gamete  vs  Zygote

Mitosis and Meiosis Eukaryotic Cells  vsProkaryotic Cells

Microfilaments  vsMicrotubules

Page 4: Diploid vs Haploid - Difference and Comparison _ Diffen

— 71.✗.✗.214

June 10, 2014, 11:01am

thank u thank u, far too kind

— 5.✗.✗.18

August 24, 2013, 2:26pm

How about the length of DNA in each one?

— 78.✗.✗.48

January 19, 2014, 2:29pm

Thank you so much ,it was so helpful

— 117.✗.✗.95

February 11, 2014, 3:24pm

This z helpful

— 82.✗.✗.32

Eljane Mae Tamesis · Owner at Sa Puso Mo :">thank youLike · Reply · Jul 22, 2015 5:54pm

Khant Sandar Htet · Works at Yezin Agricultural University (YAU)thank you so muchLike · Reply · Jun 1, 2015 9:56pm

Muhammad Asad Iqbal · Senior School Teacher at MunicipalModel High School for Boys GujratIt is a good method to explain. It should continue.thanks

Like · Reply ·  1 · Apr 1, 2015 11:42pm

Shivute EveLee · Manager at 065­lounge divaThank you very muchLike · Reply · Feb 23, 2015 4:57am

Abiria Geofrey · Works at Studentthanks... I hav understand the differernce.Like · Reply · Feb 21, 2015 4:43am

Barsha AlamThans for helping me in finding out d difference between Haploidnd diploid.Like · Reply · Jan 3, 2015 3:46am

Kipkorir Collins · Mount Kenya Universitywell answered.... you are best.Like · Reply · Dec 3, 2014 4:16am

Madhura BhatThanks...because of this information my doubts gets clear.Like · Reply · Oct 30, 2014 1:49am

Abdullah Mohammad Ali · Islamia English School, Abu Dhabi,UAEInformative as always.Like · Reply · Oct 24, 2014 10:29am

Aldrin Marin Poquiz · Pangasinan State University, San CarlosCampuswhat's the difference between diploid and haploid?

Like · Reply ·  1 · Sep 17, 2014 6:03pm

Basvant Kondalwade · University of PuneThanks

Like · Reply ·  1 · Sep 15, 2014 8:32pm

IceCream Boy Sakibplease give me the answer of these 2 questions, 1)differencesbetween somaclone and gametoclone and 2) difference betweenhaploid and double haploid cell.

Like · Reply ·  1 · Mar 25, 2014 9:16pm

Bonnie Goodman­Stonehouse · DenbyTech/Preparatory High Schoolyou must do this on your own­you won't learn otherwise.Like · Reply · Jul 24, 2015 12:03pm

Phenyo Khekhe · Maths and Science Teacher at Ministry ofEducation and Skills Development, Botswanawonderful explanation.

Like · Reply ·  2 · Mar 19, 2014 1:44am

Jinal Parekhits really helpfull! thank youLike · Reply · Mar 16, 2014 11:58pm

Snigdha Mishra · Product Manager at Sapient Laboratories PvtLtdthanks

Like · Reply ·  1 · Mar 10, 2014 12:54am

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