dinocyst biostratigraphy of the upper cretaceous of northern … · 2012. 2. 29. · central and...

S604

ISSN 0031-0301, Paleontological Journal, 2006, Vol. 40, Suppl. 5, pp. S604–S621. © Pleiades Publishing, Inc., 2006.

INTRODUCTION

In the Late Cretaceous, Western Siberia was a vastepicontinental basin. Upper Cretaceous deposits arecovered almost everywhere by Cenozoic deposits.Upper Cretaceous natural outcrops are found in theUst’-Yenisei and Khatanga regions, on the easternslope of the Ural Mountains, and in the Polar Fore-Urals. These sections are enriched with fossils andserve as standards for parallel biostratigraphic zonationbased on various faunal and floral groups. However,their facial composition may differ significantly fromthat of beds of inner regions of Western Siberia, wherethe major accumulations of oil and gas are situated.Therefore, zonations that are developed on the basis ofreference sections can be used successfully only after

they are tested within

closed territories.

Thus, groupsof fossil remains that in the least degree depend onfacial conditions are of particular importance.Dinoflagellate cysts (Pls. 5, 6) are a relatively poorlyunderstood group of microfossils. The purpose of thepresent investigation was to perform a detailed subdivi-sion of the Upper Cretaceous deposits of northern Sibe-ria based on the changes revealed in the taxonomiccomposition of dinocyst assemblages.

MATERIAL AND METHODS

Dinocysts from the sections of Ust’-Yenisei andKhatanga regions, the Polar Fore-Urals, and boreholesof Western Siberia and the Kara Sea shelf were studied(Fig. 1). The Upper Cretaceous reference section (Cen-

Dinocyst Biostratigraphy of the Upper Cretaceous of Northern Siberia

N. K. Lebedeva

Trofimuk Institute of Petroleum and Gas Geology, Siberian Division, Russian Academy of Sciences, pr. Koptyuga 3, Novosibirsk, 630090 Russia

e-mail: [email protected]

Received February 22, 2006

Abstract

—A stratigraphic chart is developed of the Upper Cretaceous deposits of northern Siberia based ondinocysts. It covers the period from the Upper Cenomanian to the Maastrichtian, including 15 biostratigraphicunits (beds with characteristic assemblages or local zones), and is correlated with the inoceram zonation.

DOI:

10.1134/S0031030106110086

Key words

: Dinocysts, Upper Cretaceous, Cenomanian, Turonian, Coniacian, Santonian, Campanian, Maas-trichtian, northern Siberia, biostratigraphy.

E x p l a n a t i o n o f P l a t e 5

Fig. 1.

Chatangiella bondarenkoi

(Vozzhennikova) Lentin et Williams, preparation TsSGM, no. 1212, Upper Santonian.

Fig. 2.

Chatangiella chetiensis

(Vozzhennikova) Lentin et Williams, preparation TsSGM, no. 1227, Lower Santonian.

Fig. 3.

Chatangiella ditissima

(McIntyre) Lentin et Williams, preparation TsSGM, no. 1192.4, Lower Campanian.

Fig. 4.

Isabelidinium rectangulatum

Lebedeva, preparation TsSGM, no. 1212, Upper Santonian.

Fig. 5.

Chatangiella granulifera

(Manum) Lentin et Williams, preparation TsSGM, no. 1219.1, Upper Santonian.

Fig. 6.

Chatangiella tanamaensis

Lebedeva, preparation TsSGM, no. 1226, Lower Santonian.

Fig. 7

.

Chatangiella spectabilis

(Alberti) Lentin et Williams, preparation TsSGM, no. 1227.2, Lower Santonian.

Fig. 8.

Cerodinium diebelii

(Alberti) Lentin et Williams, preparation TsSGM, no. 47.4, Coniacian.

Fig. 9.

Canningia macroreticulata

Lebedeva, preparation TsSGM, no. 315.3, Upper Coniacian.

Figs. 10 and 11.

Cauveridinium membraniphorum

(Cookson et Eisenack) Masure, preparation TsSGM, no. 380.3, Upper Cenomanian.

Fig. 12.

Heterosphaeridium difficile

(Manum et Cookson) Ioannides, preparation TsSGM, no. 1228.2, Upper Coniacian.

Fig. 13.

Achomosphaera ramulifera

(Deflandre) Evitt, preparation TsSGM, no. 1219.1, Upper Cantonian.

Fig. 14.

Chlonoviella agapica

Lebedeva. TsSGM, no. 379.2, Lower Turonian.

Fig. 15.

Rhyptocorys veligera

(Deflandre) Lejeune-Carpentier et Sarjeant, preparation TsSGM, no. 1219.2, Upper Santonian.

Figs. 1–7, 12, 13, 15.

Upper Cretaceous deposits on the Seida River (Polar Fore-Urals). Fig. 8. Upper Cretaceous deposits on theTanama River (Ust’-Yenisei Region). Fig. 9. Upper Cretaceous deposits on the Yangoda River (Ust’-Yenisei Region). Figs. 10, 11, 14.Upper Cretaceous deposits on the Nizhnyaya Agapa River (Ust’-Yenisei Region). Magnification,

×

500.

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DINOCYST BIOSTRATIGRAPHY OF THE UPPER CRETACEOUS OF NORTHERN SIBERIA S605

Plate 5

1 2 34

5 6 7 8

9 10 11

12 13

14

15

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LEBEDEVA

omanian–Maastrichtian) of the Ust’-Yenisei Region isthe section in northern Siberia where sequences ofinoceram and dinocyst zones and local zones are mostcomplete. However, even this section contains numer-ous gaps because either some constituents do not over-lap, or deposits are absent, or there were short periods

of continental sedimentation. This fact is accounted forby the position of the Ust’-Yenisei Gulf in the marginalzone of the West Siberian Paleobasin, which was moststrongly affected by sea level fluctuations. The study ofcentral and northern sections of Western Siberia wassupposed to fill certain informational gaps.

54 60 66 72 78 84 90 96 102

68

64

72

PECHORA SEA

Karskie Vorota Strait

Vaigach Island

Belyi Island

8

9

12

Naryan-Mar

Yam

al Pe

nins

ula

Gydanskii Peninsula

5

4

3

1

Yenisei G

ulf

Pura Pyasina

Taimyr P

eninsula

Pura

Usa

Usa

Vorkuta

Gulf

of O

b

DudinkaNorilsk

Lake Pyasino

Pyas

ina

2

DudyltaKheta

76

Kotui

Khatanga

Khatanga

Ob

11

Salekhard

Nadym

Pur

Taz

Yenisei

Igarka

Kureika

1. Nizhnyaya Agapa River2. Yangoda River3. Vorontsovo village4. Chaika River5. Tanama River6. Romanikha River7. Maimecha River8. Borehole Leningradskaya 19. Borehole Bovanenkovskaya 210. Borehole Yuzhno-Russkaya 11311. Borehole Berezovskaya 23k12. Seida River (Polar Fore-Urals)

0 100 200 km

Fig. 1.

Geographical position of the sections studied.

E x p l a n a t i o n o f P l a t e 6

Figs. 1 and 2.

Fromea chytra

(Drugg) Stover et Evitt, preparation TsSGM, no. 1192.1, Lower Campanian,

×

1250.

Fig. 3.

Fromea chytra

(Drugg) Stover et Evitt, preparation TsSGM, no. 1192.2,

×

1250.

Fig. 4.

Oligosphaeridium pulcherrimum

(Deflandre et Cookson) Davey et Williams, preparation TsSGM, no. 245.4, Lower Coniacian.

Figs. 5, 6.

Dorocysta

sp.

A.

, preparation TsSGM, no. 235.6, Upper Turonian.

Fig. 7.

Chatangiella vnigrii

(Vozzhennikova) Lentin et Williams, preparation TsSGM, no. 1192.4, Lower Campanian.

Fig. 8.

Eurydinium saxoniense

Marshall et Batten, preparation TsSGM, no. 380.1.4, Upper Campanian.

Fig. 9.

Geiselodinium cenomanicum

Lebedeva, preparation TsSGM, no. 362.5, Upper Cenomanian.

Fig. 10.

Alterbidinium “daveyi”

(Stover et Evitt) Lentin et Williams, preparation TsSGM, no. 362.2, Upper Cenomanian.

Fig. 11.

Pierceites pentagonus

(May) Habib et Drugg, preparation TsSGM, no. 367.4, Upper Cenomanian.

Fig. 12.

Spinidinium echinoideum

(Cookson et Eisenack) Lentin et Williams, preparation TsSGM, no. 1228.2, Upper Coniacian.

Fig. 13.

Spinidinium uncinatum

May, preparation TsSGM, no. 1209.3, Upper Santonian.

Fig. 14.

Chlamydophorella nyei

Cookson et Eisenack, preparation TsSGM, no. 364.4, Upper Cenomanian.

Fig. 15.

Laciniadinium rhombiforme

(Vozzhennikova) Lentin et Williams, preparation TsSGM, no. 1202.1, Lower Campanian.

Fig. 16.

Trithyrodinium

sp.

A

, preparation TsSGM, no. 1228.2, Upper Coniacian.

Fig. 17.

Isabelidinium microarmum

(McIntyre) Lentin et Williams, preparation TsSGM, no. 16.8, Campanian.

Fig. 18.

Chatangiella spinata

Lebedeva, preparation TsSGM, no. 26.3, Campanian.

Fig. 19.

Chatangiella manumii

(Vozzhennikova) Lentin et Williams, preparation TsSGM, no. 1209.4, Upper Santonian.

Fig. 20.

Chatangiella cassidea

Lebedeva, preparation TsSGM, no. 1227.2, Lower Santonian.

Fig. 21.

Laciniadinium arcticum

(Manum et Cookson) Lentin et Williams, preparation TsSGM, no. 1194.1, Lower Campanian.

Fig. 22.

Spinidinium sverdrupianum

(Manum) Lentin et Williams, preparation TsSGM, no. 218.2, Lower Coniacian.

Fig. 23.

Chatangiella serratula

(Cookson et Eisenack) Lentin et Williams, preparation TsSGM, no. 1217.3, Upper Santonian.

Fig. 24.

Dorocysta litotes

Davey, preparation TsSGM, no. 1228.1, Upper Coniacian.

Fig. 25.

Membranosphaera maastrichtica

Samoilovitch, preparation TsSGM, no. 1230.1, Upper Coniacian.

Figs. 1–3, 7, 12, 13, 15, 16, 19–21, 23–25.

Upper Cretaceous deposits on the Seida River (Polar Fore-Urals). Figs. 4–6, 22. UpperCretaceous deposits on the Yangoda River (Ust’-Yenisei Region). Figs. 8–11, 14. Upper Cretaceous deposits on the NizhnyayaAgapa River (Ust’-Yenisei Region). Figs. 17, 18. Upper Cretaceous deposits on the Tanama River (Ust’-Yenisei Region). Magnifi-cation, is

×

500.


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Plate 6

1 423

5 6 7 8 9

10 11 12 13 14 15

16 17 18 1920

21 22 23

24 25

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LEBEDEVA

As a dinocyst-based biostratigraphical investigationof the Upper Cretaceous of Siberia was carried out forthe first time, the following procedure of zonation wasused. For each section, the sediments were subdividedon the basis of successive changes in dinocyst assem-blages. Particular beds with dinocysts were revealed,representing comprehensively grounded biostrati-graphic units. In reference sections, they were corre-lated with zones and local zones based on other groupsof fossil organisms. The boundaries of the biostrati-graphic units were defined predominantly on the basisof the first and last appearances of particular dinocysttaxa; the epiboles of particular species and the list ofcharacteristic forms were used for the substantiation ofdinocyst local zones. Then, these particular zonationswere correlated with each other and with the dated ref-erence succession of beds with dinocysts of the UpperCretaceous section of the Ust’-Yenisei Region.

Collection no. 1086 is kept at the Central SiberianGeological Museum (TsSGM) of the Joint Institute ofGeology, Geophysics, and Mineralogy of the SiberianDivision of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosi-birsk.

CHARACTERISTICS OF THE SECTIONS STUDIED

Ust’-Yenisei Region

Within the Ust’-Yenisei Depression, the most com-plete sections of the Upper Cretaceous outcrop, with allsix stages present: sections along the Nizhnyaya Agapa(Cenomanian–Middle Turonian), Chaika (Turonian),Yangoda (Upper Turonian–Coniacian), and Tanamarivers (Santonian–Maastrichtian) and near the villageof Vorontsovo (Upper Coniacian) (Fig. 1). The UpperCretaceous composite section is compiled on the basisof these five main sections, each is represented by doz-ens of outcrops in particular isolated regions. The geo-logical age of exposures of Upper Cretaceous marinedeposits in the Ust’-Yenisei Region (from the Cenoma-nian to Santonian) was substantiated by numerous findsof inocerams and relatively rare ammonites. The sec-tions were described, and their composite characteris-tics were given elsewhere (

Stratigraphy of Upper Cre-taceous Deposits…

, 1986, 1989; Zakharov and Kho-mentovskii, 1989; Zakharov et al., 1989, 1991, 1998,2003). The stratigraphic zonation of the Upper Creta-ceous deposits of the Ust’-Yenisei Region based ondinocysts, spores, and pollen grains is correlated withthe inoceram chart provided by Ilyina et al. (1994) andZakharov et al. (1997, 2002).

Khatanga Region

Within the Khatanga Depression, natural outcropsshow the most complete and paleontologically full sec-tion of the Mesozoic. The Upper Cretaceous depositsalong the Kheta River are mostly of the continental andlagoonal origin. Only during the Santonian–Campanian

transgression, marine deposits of the Mutino Formationwere accumulated. Layer-by-layer lithological, macro-faunal, and palynological characteristics of the section aswell as inoceram and dinocyst zonations were previouslypublished (Khomentovskii et al., 1999).

Western Siberia

Borehole Bovanenkovskaya 2

Borehole Bovanenkovskaya 2, which is situated inthe Yamal Peninsula, in the region of Kharasavei Penin-sula (Fig. 1), shows a continuous succession of theGan’kino and Tibeisale formations. I studied samplesfrom a depth of 503.0–408.8 m. Lebedeva (2006) pro-vided the palynological characteristics of the section.

Borehole Yuzhno-Russkaya 113

Borehole Yuzhno-Russkaya 113 was drilled in near-roof region of the Yuzhno-Russkaya positive structureof the Pur-Taz interfluve (Fig. 1). It outcrops the upperPokurskaya, Kuznetsovo, and the lower Berezovo for-mations. The study of microphytofossils allowed Lebe-deva et al. (2004) to recognize three palynological unitsand four beds with dinocyst, correlated with the Ust’-Yenisei zonation.

Borehole Berezovskaya 23k

Borehole Berozovskaya 23k is situated in north-western peripheral part of Western Siberia, in the inter-fluve of the Severnaya Sos’va, Khulga, and Kempazhrivers (Fig. 1) and outcrops the upper Uvat and Kuz-netsovo formations. The palynological study of theborehole was accomplished by Denisyukova (1994),who described from the interval of 219.0–173.0 m apollen-and-spore assemblage that is analogous to Turo-nian palynological assemblages from the KuznetsovoFormation of various regions of Western Siberia. Sam-ples from the same interval contain unidentifiablemicrophytoplankton. Denisyukova also mentioned arich assemblage of Santonian–Campanian palynomor-phs from the interval of 145.0–65.0 m of depth, inwhich she determined several dinocyst taxa. Unfortu-nately, this portion is absent from our borehole mate-rial. All the samples studied contained diverse assem-blages of microphytofossils: spores and pollen grainsof higher plants, dinoflagellate cysts, acritarchs, andprasinophytes. The successive change of dinocystassemblages made it possible to reveal the followingbiostratigraphic units (local zones) (Fig. 2).

Beds with

Rhiptocorys veligera–Oligosphaeridium poculum

Characteristic assemblage. Chlonoviella agapica,Rhiptocorys veligera, Microdinium spp. (M. ornatum,M. glabrum, M. setosum, and M. distinctum), Chlamy-dophorella discreta, C. nyei, and Palaeohystrichophora

PALEONTOLOGICAL JOURNAL Vol. 40 Suppl. 5 2006


infusorioides are dominants. Eurydinium saxoniense,Alterbidinium “daveyi,” and Trithyrodinium suspectumplay a significant role. Pterodinium cingulatum, Cyclo-nephelium vannophorum, Circulodinium densebarbatum,Cribroperidinium exilicristatum, Odontochitina opercu-lata, Oligosphaeridium albertense, O. poculum, and Cha-tangiella tripartita are accompanying elements.

Locality. Borehole Berezovskaya 23k, 220–197 mof depth, sample nos. 66–77.

Beds with Chlamydophorella nyei–Chatangiella tripartita

Characteristic assemblage. Chlamydophorella nyeiprevails. Chatangiella tripartita is a characteristic ele-ment of the assemblage. Chlonoviella agapica,Microdinium ornatum, Rhiptocorys veligera, Palaeo-hystrichophora infusorioides, and Chlamydophorelladiscreta are accompanying elements. Alterbidiniumacutulum and A. minus appear.

Lower boundary. Chatangiella tripartita increasesin number; and Eurydinium saxoniense, Oligosphaerid-ium albertense, O. poculum, Cauveridinium membra-niphorum, and some other taxa disappear.

Locality. Borehole Berezovskaya 23k, 197–174 mof depth, sample nos. 197–174.

Beds with Subtiliasphaera hyalinaCharacteristic assemblage. Impletosphaeridium sp.

is a dominant. Subtilisphaera hyalina is a characteristicmember. Cometodinium obscurum, Coronifera stri-olata, Surculosphaeridium longifurcatum, Chatang-iella sp., Laciniadinium arcticum, Palaeohystrichophorainfusorioides, Trithyrodinium sp., Microdinium sp.,Subtilisphaera pirnaensis, Membranosphaera maas-trichtica, and diverse Spiniferites are present.

Lower boundary is marked by the appearance ofSubtilisphaera hyalina and some other taxa.

Locality. Borehole Berezovskaya 23k, 178–164.6 mof depth, sample nos. 83–87.

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Designations:

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155

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Fig. 2. Stratigraphic range of dinocysts in the Upper Cretaceous section of borehole Berezovskaya 23k. Designations: (Palaeohys-trich.) Palaeohystrichophor; (S.) Spiniferites.

S610


LEBEDEVA

Ust’-Yenisei section

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biostratigraphic correlation presence

geological correlation no observations

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Spinidinium spp.

Ch. serratula,

Ch. biapertura,

Chatangiella spp. E. saxoniense

G. cenomanucum

Amphidiadema sp. A

X. blastema

L. siphoniphorum

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160

165

170

175

180

185

190

195

200

205

210

215

220

Fig. 3. Correlation of boreholes Yuzhno-Russkaya 113 and Berezovskaya 23k and the Upper Cretaceous reference section of theUst’-Yenisei Region. Designations: (Berez.) Berezovo; (U) Upper; (Ch.) Chatangiella; (Olig., Oligosphaerid.) Oligosphaeridium,(Eurydin. saxonien., E. saxoniense) Eurydinium saxoniense; (Geiselod. cenoman., G. cenomanicum) Geiselodinium cenomanicum;(In.) Inoceramus; (L. siphoniphorum) Litosphaeridium siphoniphorum; (X. blastema) Xenascus blastema; (H. difficile, Heterosph.difficile) Heterosphaeridium difficile; (C. membraniphorum) Cauveridinium membraniphorum; for other designations, see Fig. 2.



Beds with Chatangiella spectabilis–Heterosphaeridium difficile

Characteristic assemblage. Spiniferites spp. pre-vails. Dorocysta sp. A, Heterosphaeridium difficile,Chatangiella spectabilis, C. victoriensis, C. bondaren-koi, Ellipsoidinium rugulosum, Achomosphaera cras-sipellis, Elytrocysta circulata, and others are typical.

Lower boundary is determined by the appearanceof Heterosphaeridium difficile, Florentinia buspina,F. ferox, and others and by the increased diversity ofmembers of Chatangiella.

Locality. Borehole Berezovskaya 23k, 164.6–149.3 mof depth, sample nos. 88–91.

The taxonomic composition of beds with Rhiptoc-orys veligera–Oligosphaeridium poculum from bore-hole Berezovskaya 23k is similar to that of boreholeYuzhno-Russkaya 113, which is dated Middle Turonian(Fig. 3). The characteristic combination of Cyclo-nephelium vannophorum, Cauveridinium membra-niphorum, Eurydinium sp., Alterbidinium “daveyi,”Subtilisphaera pirnaensis, and Chatangiella tripartitasuggests a correlation between beds with Chlamy-dophorella nyei–Chatangiella tripartita and beds with

Chatangiella victoriensis from the Middle Turoniansection on the Chaika River. Beds with Chatangiellaspectabilis–Heterosphaeridium difficile from boreholeBerezovskaya 23k are reliably correlated with those ofborehole Yuzhno-Russkaya 113 and, correspondingly,with beds with Chatangiella spectabilis–Oligosphaerid-ium pulcherrimum of the Ust’-Yenisei section (In. (In.)lamarckii and Volviceramus inaequalis zones, Middle–Upper Turonian) (Fig. 3). Chatangiella bondarenkoiappears in the upper portions of these beds. In general,the association of Dorocysta sp. A, Chatangiella spect-abilis, and C. bondarenkoi is typical of beds with Cha-tangiella bondarenkoi–Pierceites pentagonus from theYangoda River section (Volviceramus inaequalisZone). A similar succession of dinocyst assemblageswas found in borehole Yuzhno-Russkaya 113.

KARA SEA SHELF

Borehole Leningrandskaya 1 is situated on the KaraSea shelf, 200 km northwest of the northern extremityof Belyi Island (Fig. 1) and exposes the Marresale,Kuznetsovo, Berezovo, and Gan’kino formations.Remains of microphytoplankton appear in sample 6

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Fig. 4. Stratigraphic ranges of dinocysts in the Upper Cretaceous section of borehole Leningradskaya 1. Designations: (1) assem-blage with Eurydinium saxoniense Marshall et Batten; (2) assemblage with Dorocysta sp. A; (Lower Berez.) Lower Berezovo Sub-formation; (Kuz.) Kuznetsovo (Mid.) Middle; (Spiniferites ram.) Spiniferites ramosus; for other designations, see Figs. 2 and 3.

S612


LEBEDEVA

(Fig. 4). As the samples were collected from narrowdisconnected intervals, it is impossible to establishdinocyst zones. Therefore, characteristics of thedinocyst assemblages given below describe one or sev-eral palynospectra.

Assemblage of Eurydinium saxoniense (Mar-resale Formation, 1107.3–1099.25 m of depth, samplenos. 6–12). The following taxa are found: Alterbidin-ium “daveyi,” A. minus, A. acutulum, Subtilisphaerasp., S. pirnaensis, Pterodininium cingulatum, Geiselo-dinium cenomanicum, Ginginodinium evittii, Xenascussp., Apteodinium maculatum, Chlamydophorella dis-creta, C. nyei, Trithyrodinium rhomboideum, T. suspec-tum, Litosphaeridium siphoniphorum, Isabelidiniummagnum, Euryidinium saxoniense, Oligosphaeridiumcomplex, and others.

Assemblage of Dorocysta sp. A (Kuznetsovo For-mation, 1050 m of depth, sample no. 13). Some taxapersist from the interval described below. Chatangiella

sp., Microdinium glabrum, Microdinium ornatum, Dor-ocysta sp. A, Trichodinium castanea, Cyclonepheliumvannophorum, and others appear for the first time.

Assemblage of Spinidinium spp.–Chatangiellaspp.–Laciniadinium spp. (Lower Berezovo Subforma-tion, 1010–900 m of depth, sample nos. 14–20). Dom-inant is Trithyrodinium suspectum. Subdominants areChatangiella spp. and Exochosphaeridium bifidum.Spinidinium spp., Chatangiella vnigrii, C. granulifera,C. bondarenkoi, C. serratula, C. tanamaensis, C. che-tiensis, C. spectabilis, C. madura, C. biapertura, C. tri-partita, C. victoriensis, Laciniadinium sp., L. rhombi-forme, L. arcticum, Oligosphaeridium pulcherrimum,Dorocysta litotes, Spiniferites ramosus ssp. granosus,S. ramosus ssp. ramosus, S. multibrevis, Achomo-sphaera crassipellis, Florentinia ferox, F. mantelii,F. laciniata, Dinogymnium spp., Hystrichosphaeridiumtubiferum, Dapsilidinium laminaspinosum, Exochos-phaeridium phragmites, Hystrichosphaeridium salpin-

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gophorum, Palaeoperidinium pyrophorum, Odonto-chitina costata, Heterosphaeridium difficile, Senonias-phaera rotundata, and other taxa are present.

Assemblage of Cerodinium aff. medcalfii (Gan’-kino Formation, 460–420 m of depth, sample nos. 21and 22). Chatangiella ditissima, Cerodinium diebelii,C. aff. medcalfii, Palaeoperidinium cretaceum, Palae-ocystodinium sp., Thalassiphora pelagica, and othersappear.

POLAR FORE-URALS

During the field trips of 1999, researchers of theInstitute of Petroleum and Gas Geology of the SiberianDivision of the Russian Academy of Sciences studiednatural outcrops of the Coniacian–Campanian agealong the Seida and Usa rivers (Fig. 1). Detailedpalynological and micropaleontological analyses of thesection were accomplished; macrofaunal remains werealso collected. Marinov et al. (2002) and Lebedeva(2005) published results of studies of belemnites,bivalves, foraminifers, and dinocysts.

CORRELATION OF THE SECTIONS STUDIED AND DINOCYST ZONATION OF THE UPPER

CRETACEOUS OF NORTHERN SIBERIA

The correlation of all the sections studied allowedthe author to evaluate the content of some dinocyst bio-stratigraphic units, which were established in the refer-ence Ust’-Yenisei section, to supplement them withmissing units and, hence, to reconstruct the most com-plete succession of beds with dinocyst, which is pro-posed here as a standard dinocyst zonation of the UpperCretaceous of northern Siberia (Fig. 5).

The earliest unit is beds with Geiselodinium cen-omanicum of the Upper Cenomanian, which are onlyrecorded in the Ust’-Yenisei Region. Beds with Eury-dinium saxoniense are observed in borehole Leningrad-skaya 1. The assemblages are similar in the presence ofEurydinium saxoniense, Geiselodinium cenomanicum,Litosphaeridium siphoniphorum, Pterodinium cingula-tum, Ginginodinium evittii, Xenascus sp., and Isabeli-dinium magnum. Beds with Chlamydophorella nyei–Chlonoviella agapica are only found in the Ust’-Yenisei Region. On the Chaika River, the section iscontinued by continental deposits, which are overlaidby marine deposits. The stratigraphic scope of the gapis apparently rather short, since the succession of inoc-eram zones is not broken; however, boundary depositsbetween the Inoceramus (I.) cuvieri and I. (I.) lamarckizones in the marginal portion of the West SiberianBasin are missing in the section. Beds with Chatang-iella victoriensis show significant changes: characteris-tic Cenomanian species disappear, and the stratigraphi-cally important genus Chatangiella becomes a constantcomponent of the assemblage. Boreholes Yuzhno-Russkaya 113 and Berezovskaya 23k contain adinocyst assemblage that combines characteristic fea-

tures of the assemblage from beds with Chlamy-dophorella nyei–Chlonoviella agapica (dominated byChlamydophorella nyei and Chlonoviella agapica andincluding Eurydinium saxoniense, Litosphaeridium sp.,Isabelidinium magnum, and Cauveridinium membra-niphorum) with the appearance of isolated Chatang-iella. Members of this genus become more numerousand diverse upward in the section. The data on appear-ance and disappearance of certain taxa in the succes-sion of dinocyst assemblages of the Ust’-Yenisei sec-tion and above-mentioned boreholes suggest to placethe beds with this assemblage between beds withChlamydophorella nyei–Chlonoviella agapica andwith Chatangiella victoriensis (Fig. 5). Beds with Cha-tangiella victoriensis is correlated with the beds withChlamydophorella nyei–Chatangiella tripartita and withSubtilisphaera hyalina of borehole Berezovskaya 23k onthe basis of co-occurrence of Cyclonephelium vanno-phorum, Eurydinium sp., Alterbidinium “daveyi,” Sub-tilisphaera pirnaensis, and Chatangiella tripartita.Beds with Chatangiella spectabilis–Oligosphaeridiumpulcherrimum (Ust’-Yenisei Region) were also recordedin boreholes Yuzhno-Russkaya 113 and Berezovskaya23k. All the three assemblages are characterized by thefirst appearance of Chatangiella spectabilis, C. tan-amaensis, and C. biapertura and the presence of Doro-cysta sp. A. Dinocyst assemblages from these boreholescontain more diverse chorate dinocysts, including taxathat are important in terms of stratigraphy, such as Sur-culosphaeridium longifurcatum and Heterosphaerid-ium difficile. The appearance of the latter species is reg-istered in the Upper Turonian in many regions of theNorthern Hemisphere (Williams et al., 1993). Oli-gosphaeridium pulcherrimum occurs in borehole sectionsas isolated specimens, therefore, this stratigraphic unitis named beds with Chatangiella spectabilis–Het-erosphaeridium difficile in the standard dinocyst zonation.

Analogues of beds with Spinidinium sverdrupianumwere recorded in boreholes Yuzhno-Russkaya 113 andLeningradskaya 1. Early Coniacian assemblages arecharacterized by the increased number and diversity ofSpinidinium and Chatangiella.

Beds with Canningia macroreticulata were found inthe Ust’-Yenisei Region, the Polar Fore-Urals and Cir-cumpolar Trans-Urals (Beizel’ et al., 1996; Chlonova,1996). Canningia macroreticulata is a supposed vicar-ious species of Canningia reticulata, which is a charac-teristic species of the Coniacian of northwesternEurope. The assemblage shows a combination of Can-ningia macroreticulata, Dorocysta litotes, and Het-erosphaeridium difficile. The last species is abundant inthe Coniacian–Lower Santonian of the North Sea(Costa and Davey, 1992). Beds with Chatangiella che-tiensis, first found on the Tanama River (Ust’-YeniseiRegion), are similar in their characteristic members tothe unit with the same name in the section of the PolarFore-Urals (Lebedeva, 2005). The genus Chatangielladominates mostly due to C. chetiensis, C. tanamaensis,and C. cassidea.

S614


LEBEDEVA

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saxoniese

cenomanu-cum



Deposits of the Santonian–Campanian boundaryoutcrop along the Tanama River (Ust’-Yenisei Region)and the Kheta River (Khatanga Region). The Santo-nian–Campanian boundary in the Tanama section isvery distinct both lithologically and paleontologically(Stratigraphy of Upper Cretaceous Deposits…, 1986;Ilyina et al., 1994). This implies the presence of a strati-graphic gap, the scope of which was estimated only bydetailed paleontological studies of the Kheta River sec-tion (Khomentovskii et al., 1999). Similar changes inthe composition of dinocyst assemblages of these sec-tions and the Polar Fore-Urals made it possible toaccomplish a correlation between these distant sections(Lebedeva, 2005).

Beds with Chatangiella ditissima–Cerodiniumdiebelii of the Tanama River are most similar to bedswith Operculodinium centrocarpum–Chatangiella tri-partita (borehole Bovanenkovskaya 2). Beds withCerodinium diebelii–Achomosphaera ramulifera, whichcontinue the Maastrichtian succession of dinocyst bio-stratigraphic units, are recorded in borehole Bovanenk-ovskaya 2; and beds with Cerodinium aff. medcalfii arepresent in boreholes Bovanenkovskaya 2 and Lenin-gradskaya 1.

Thus, the correlation of the sections studied recon-structed the most complete succession of biostrati-graphic units (beds with particular dinocysts), which ispossible to consider as a standard Upper Cretaceouszonation of northern Siberia until more data becomeavailable (Fig. 5).

STANDARD DINOCYST ZONATIONOF THE UPPER CRETACEOUS

OF NORTHERN SIBERIA

Beds with Geiselodinium cenomanicum

Characteristic assemblage. Geiselodinium cen-omanicum and Pervosphaeridium truncatum are domi-nants. Trithyrodinium rhomboideum, Trichodiniumcastanea, Ovoidinium scabrosum, Litosphaeridiumsiphoniphorum, Ginginodinium sp., and Pterodiniumcingulatum occur constantly. Xenascus blastema, Pier-ceites pentagonus, Microdinium ?crinitum, and Cyclo-nephelium vannophorum appear in the upper part.

Typical section is situated on the Nizhnyaya AgapaRiver, Members 2–4; thickness, 13 m.

Occurrence. Ust’-Yenisei Region.

Stratigraphic position. The lower part of the Inoc-eramus pictus Zone, Upper Cenomanian.

Beds with Eurydinium saxoniense

Characteristic assemblage. Ginginodinium evittii,Odontochitina operculata, Xenascus blastema, and?Amphidiadema sp. A. dominate. Eurydinium saxo-niense, Canningia rotundata, and Isabelidinium mag-num occur constantly. Microdinium distinctum appearsin the upper part.

Boundaries. The lower boundary is determined bythe appearance of Eurydinium saxoniense, ?Amphidia-dema sp. A, Microdinium ornatum, and Alterbidiniumminus.

Typical section is situated on the Nizhnyaya AgapaRiver, Members 7–9; thickness, 14.5 m.

Occurrence. Ust’-Yenisei Region and the Kara Seashelf.

Stratigraphical position. The upper part of theInoceramus pictus Zone, Upper Cenomanian.

Beds with Chlamydophorella nyei–Chlonoviella agapica

Characteristic assemblage. Dominants are Chlamy-dophorella nyei, Chlonoviella agapica, and Glyphano-dinium facetum. Alterbidinium “daveyi,” Isabelidin-ium magnum, Microdinium glabrum, Cauveridiniummembraniphorum, Rhiptocorys veligera, Eurydiniumsaxoniense, and Kallosphaeridium ?circulare are con-stantly present.

Boundaries. The lower boundary is determined bythe appearance of Dorocysta sp. A, Microdinium gla-brum, and Cauveridinium membraniphorum and the dis-appearance of Litosphaeridium siphoniphorum, Geiselo-dinium cenomanicum, and ?Amphidiadema sp. A.

Typical section is situated on the Nizhnyaya AgapaRiver, Members 10–15; thickness, 47 m.

Occurrence. Ust’-Yenisei Region.

Stratigraphic position. The upper part of the Inoc-eramus pictus Zone, Upper Cenomanian, Inoceramus(Mytiloides) labiatus Zone, Lower Turonian, Inocera-mus (Inoceramus) cf. cuvieri, Upper Turonian.

Fig. 5. Correlation of the main sections and the standard succession of beds with dinocysts for the Upper Cretaceous of northernSiberia. Designations: (Maastr.) Maastrichtian; (U) Upper; (L) Lower; (Ch.) Chatangiella; (Isabelid.) Isabelidinium; (Alterbid.) Alter-bidinium; (S. echinoid.) Spinidinium echinoideum; (S. cardissoides) Sphenoceramus cardissoides; (I.) Inoceramus; (V.) Volvicera-mus; (M.) Mytiloceramus; (H.) Haenleinia; (Oligosphaer., O.) Oligosphaeridium; (Geiselodin.) Geiselodinium; (R. veligera,R. velig.) Rhiptocorys veligera; (O. pocul.) Oligosphaeridium poculum; (Sub. hyal.) Subtilisphaera hyalina; (Ch. s., Ch. spectab.) Cha-tangiella spectabilis, (H. d., H. difficile) Heterosphaeridium difficile, (S. spp.) Spinidinium spp.; (E.s.) Eurydinium saxoniense;(C. m.) Canningia macroreticulata; (Ch. chetien.) Chatangiella chetiensis; (Ch. v.) Chatangiella victoriensis; (Ch. t.) Chatangiellatripartita; (Cerod. aff. medcalfii) Cerodinium aff. medcalfii; (O. cen.) Operculodinium centrocarpum, and (Achom. Ramulifera) Acho-mosphaera ramulifera; for other designations, see Figs. 2, 3, and 4.

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LEBEDEVA

Beds with Rhiptocorys veligera–Oligosphaeridium poculum

Characteristic assemblage. Chlonoviella agapica,Rhiptocorys veligera, Microdinium spp., Chlamy-dophorella discreta, and C. nyei dominate. Eurydiniumsaxoniense, Alterbidinium “daveyi,” and Trithyrodin-ium suspectum are common. Pterodinium cingulatum,Cyclonephelium vannophorum, Circulodinium dense-barbatum, Oligosphaeridium albertense, O. poculum,and Chatangiella tripartita are accompanying elements.

Boundaries. The lower boundary is determined bythe first appearance of Chatangiella tripartita and bythe last appearance of Oligosphaeridium albertenseand O. poculum.

Typical section is situated in the borehole Bere-zovskaya 23k, 220–197 m of depth.

Stratigraphic position. Presumably Middle Turonian.

Beds with Chatangiella victoriensisCharacteristic assemblage includes Chatangiella

victoriensis, Cauveridinium membraniphorum, Cyclo-nephelium vannophorum, Kallosphaeridium ?ringnesi-orum, Subtilisphaera pirnaensis, Laciniadinium sp.,Eurydinium sp., and Chichaouadinium cf. vestitum.

Boundaries. The lower boundary is indicated by theappearance of Chatangiella victoriensis, and Chicha-ouadinium cf. vestitum and the disappearance of Isabe-lidinium magnum and Eurydinium saxoniense.

Typical section is situated along the Chaika River,Members 1–2; thickness, 20 m.

Occurrence. Ust’-Yenisei Region, borehole Bere-zovskaya 23k.

Stratigraphic position. The lower part of the Inoc-eramus (Inoceramus) lamarki Zone, Upper Turonian.

Beds with Chatangiella spectabilis–Heterosphaeridium difficile

Characteristic assemblage includes Dorocysta sp. A,Cribroperidinium exilicristatum, Surculosphaeridiumlongifurcatum, Apteodinium maculatum, Cyclonepheliumvannophorum, Ginginodinium evittii, Chatangiellaspectabilis, C. biapertura, and Microdinium distinc-tum. In the upper portion of this local zone, Oli-gosphaeridium pulcherrimum appears.

Boundaries. The lower boundary is determined bythe appearance of Chatangiella spectabilis, C. tripar-tita, C. vnigrii, C. granulifera, C. tanamaensis, andC. biapertura and the disappearance of Trithyrodiniumrhomboideum and Cauveridinium membraniphorum.

Typical section is situated on the Chaika River,Members 3–7, Yangoda River, Members 1–2; thick-ness, 17 m.

Stratigraphic position. The upper part of the Inoc-eramus (Inoceramus) lamarki Zone and the lower part ofthe Volviceramus inaequivalvis Zone, Upper Turonian.

Beds with Chatangiella bondarenkoi–Pierceites pentagonus

Characteristic assemblage: includes Chatangiellabondarenkoi, C. serratula, C. granulifera, C. madura,C. spectabilis, Heterosphaeridium difficile, Dorocystasp. A, Pierceites pentagonus, Subtilisphaera pirnaen-sis, and Cyclonephelium vannophorum.

Boundaries. The lower boundary is marked by theappearance of Chatangiella bondarenkoi, C. serratula,and C. chetiensis.

Typical section is situated on the Yangoda River,Members 3–8 (partly); thickness, 37 m.

Occurrence. Ust’-Yenisei Region, borehole Yuzhno-Russkaya 113.

Stratigraphic position. A part of the Volviceramusinaequivalvis Zone, Upper Turonian.

Beds with Spinidinium sverdrupianum

Characteristic assemlblage includes Spinidiniumsverdrupianum, S. ornatum, Magallanesium balmei,Oligosphaeridium complex, Chatangiella serratula,C. vnigrii, C. chetiensis, C. granulifera, Pierceites pen-tagonus, Eisenackia sp., and Exochosphaeridium bifidum.

Boundaries. The lower boundary is marked by theappearance of Spinidinium sverdrupianum, S. ornatum,Magallanesium balmei, and Chatangiella cassidea.

Typical section is situated on the Yangoda River,upper part of Members 8–19; thickness, 61 m.

Occurrence. Ust’-Yenisei Region, western Siberia,Kara Sea shelf.

Stratigraphic position. The middle part of theVolviceramus inaequivalvis Zone, Upper Turonian,Volviceramus subinvolutus Zone, and the beds with Inoc-eramus schulginae–I. jangodaensis, Lower Coniacian.

Beds with Canningia macroreticulata

Characteristic assemblage includes Canningiamacroreticulata, Alterbidinium minus, Senoniasphaeraprotrusa, Subtilisphaera pirnaensis, and Odontochitinaoperculata.

Boundaries. The lower boundary is indicated by theappearance of Canningia macroreticulata and Senon-iasphaera protrusa and by the disappearance of Pier-ceites pentagonus and Dorocysta sp. A.

Typical section is situated on the Yangoda River,Members 21–25; thickness, 20.1 m, village of Voronts-ovo, Members 1–8; thickness, 29.1 m.

Occurrence. Ust’-Yenisei Region, CircumpolarUrals, Polar Fore-Urals.

Stratigraphic position. Inoceramus russiensisZone, Upper Coniacian.



Beds with Chatangiella chetiensisCharacteristic assemblage. Dominants are Cha-

tangiella chetiensis, C. tanamaensis, C. cassidea, C. sp. A;and Trithyrodinium suspectum. Spinidinium uncina-tum, S. echinoideum, Chatangiella bondarenkoi,C. granulifera, C. verrucosa, C. madura, and Isabeli-dinium rectangulatum are present.

Boundaries. The lower boundary is determined bythe appearance of Chatangiella verrucosa, C. ditis-sima, and Isabelidinium rectangulatum and by the dis-appearance of Canningia macroreticulata and others.

Typical section is situated on the Tanama River,Members 1–2; thickness, 11.7 m.

Occurrence. Ust’-Yenisei and Khatanga regionsand the Polar Fore-Urals.

Stratigraphic position. Sphenoceramus cardis-soides Zone, Lower Santonian, lower part of the Sphe-noceramus patootensis Zone, Upper Santonian.

Beds with Alterbidinium spp.–Spinidinium echinoideum

Characteristic assemblage. Alterbidinium spp.,Spinidinium echinoideum, Trithyrodinium suspectum,and Fibrocysta sp. dominate. Alterbidinium “daveyi,”A. acutulum, Chatangiella chetiensis, C. tanamaensis,C. madura, C. ditissima, Microdinium ornatum,M. kustanaicum, and Laciniadinium rhombiforme occur.

Boundaries. The lower boundary is marked by theappearance of Laciniadinium rhombiforme, disappear-ance of Chatangiella cassidea and N. victoriensis, andthe decreasing number of Chatangiella.

Typical section is situated on the Tanama River,Member 3; thickness, 15.7 m, Kheta River, upper partof Members 1–3; thickness, 11.3 m.

Occurrence. Ust’-Yenisei and Khatanga regions.Stratigraphic position. The upper part of the Sphe-

noceramus patootensis Zone, a part of the Sphenocera-mus patootensiformis Zone, Upper Santonian.

Beds with Isabelidinium spp.–Chatangiella verrucosa

Characteristic assemblage. Trithyrodinium suspec-tum, Chatangiella vnigrii, Isabelidinium amphiatum,I. belfastense, I. bakeri, I. nooksoniae, I. microarmum,and Laciniadinium rhombiforme dominate. Chatang-iella verrucosa, C. ditissima, C. niiga, C. micracantha,C. manumii, and Laciniadinium arcticum are present.

Boundaries. The lower boundary is defined by theappearance of Chatangiella niiga, C. micracantha,C. manumii, and Isabelidinium belfastense and the dis-appearance of Rhyptocorys veligera and Chatangiellasp. A.

Typical section is situated on the Tanama River,Members 4 and 5; thickness, 12.5 m; and the KhetaRiver, Members 4 and 5; thickness, 23.1 m.

Occurrence. Ust’-Yenisei and Khatanga regions,the Polar Fore-Urals.

Stratigraphic position. The upper part of the Sphe-noceramus patootensiformis Zone, ?Campanian.

Beds with Chatangiella niigaCharacteristic assemblage. Laciniadinium arcti-

cum, L. rhombiforme, Chatangiella niiga, C. manumii,and C. spinata are dominants. Dinogymnium spp.,Laciniadinium williamsii, Fibrocysta sp., Tanyosphaerid-ium sp., Prolixosphaeridium sp., Operculodinium cen-trocarpum, Chatangiella madura, and Isabelidiniumspp. are present.

Boundaries. The lower boundary is marked by theappearance of Chatangiella spinata, a sharplyincreased number of spinate members of Chatangiela,and by the disappearance of Chatangiella verrucosa,C. vnigrii, C. spectabilis, C. granulifera, C. tripartita,Chlonoviella agapica, and Alterbidinium “daveyi.”

Typical section is situated on the Tanama River,Members 6 and 7; thickness, 21.6 m; Kheta River,Members 6–9; thickness, 22 m.

Occurrence. Ust’-Yenisei and Khatanga regionsand the Polar Fore-Urals.

Stratigraphic position. Campanian.

Beds with Nerodinium diebelii–Fromea chytraCharacteristic assemblage includes Cerodinium

diebelii, Fibrocysta axialis, Operculodinium centro-carpum, Chatangiella ditissima, Membranosphaeramaastrichtica, Laciniadinium arcticum, Alterbidiniumminus, A. acutulum, and Chlonoviella agapica. Mem-bers of the genus Fromea (Fromea chytra, F. laevigata,and F. fragilis) are most numerous and most diverse.

Boundaries. The lower boundary is marked by theappearance of Nerodinium diebelii and Fibrocysta axi-alis and decreasing diversity of Chatangiella.

Typical section is situated on the Tanama River,Members 8–12; thickness, 22.7 m.

Occurrence. Ust’-Yenisei Region, borehole Bov-anenkovskaya 2.

Stratigraphic position. Maastrichtian.

Beds with Achomosphaera ramulifera–Palaeocystodinium golzowense

Characteristic assemblage includes Cerodiniumdiebelii and Achomosphaera ramulifera with scarceChatangiella granulifera, Isabelidinium sp., Glyphan-odinium facetum, Rhyptocorys veligera, Palaeoperi-dinium pyrophorum, Spinidinium sp., Palaeocystodin-ium golzowense, Deflandrea sp., and Areoligera sp.

Boundaries. The lower boundary is marked by thedisappearance of Chatangiella tripartita and Chlo-noviella.

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LEBEDEVA

Locality. Borehole Bovanenkovskaya 2, samplenos. 74–87; thickness, 48 m.

Occurrence. Borehole Bovanenkovskaya 2.Stratigraphic position. Maastrichtian.

Beds with Cerodinium aff. medcalfii

Characteristic assemblage includes Cerodiniumaff. medcalfii, numerous Laciniadinium firmum, Glyph-anodinium facetum, Fromea chytra, and Spiniferitesramosus ssp. ramosus, and rare Laciniadinium william-sii, Palaeotetradinium silicorum, Palaeocystodiniumgolzowense, Wallodinium luna, and Gillinia hymeno-phora.

Boundaries. The lower boundary is determined bythe appearance of the index species and disappearanceof Chatangiella.

Locality. Borehole Bovanenkovskaya 2, samplenos. 88–95; visible thickness, 32 m.

Stratigraphic position. The middle Upper Maas-trichtian.

CONCLUSIONS

The successful correlation of distant Upper Creta-ceous deposits on the basis of dinocysts is complicatedby their extraordinary diversity, asynchronous appear-ance and disappearance of particular taxa in differentregions, and provincialism. The panboreal correlationof dinocyst assemblages of northern Siberia, north-western Europe, Arctic and East Canada, and Atlanticcoast of the United States was accomplished (Ilyinaet al., 1994; Zakharov et al., 2002; Lebedeva, 2005).Two correlative levels were revealed. The first is in theCenomanian, distinguished by the occurrence of Lito-sphaeridium siphoniphorum, while the second is in theMiddle Santonian, marked by the appearance of thecharacteristic species Spinidinium echinoideum. TheLate Turonian–Early Coniacian dinocyst assemblagesof the Ust’-Yenisei Region and eastern Canada are sim-ilar in the presence of some species of Chatangiella andFlorentinia ferox, Oligosphaeridium pulcherrimum,Magallanesium balmei, Senoniasphaera protrusa, Sub-tilisphaera pirnaensis, and others. The Santonian–Maastrichtian assemblages of northern Siberia andArctic Canada are very comparable. On the basis ofdinocysts, three correlative levels of Upper Cretaceousdeposits have been recognized in the sections of north-ern Siberia and New Jersey (Atlantic coast of theUnited States). The first level is in the Cenomanian,marked by the appearance of Trithyrodinium suspec-tum; the second is in the Santonian, indicated by theincreased number of Chatangiella. The appearance ofChatangiella manumii and C. vnigrii is very character-istic in the Campanian of the regions compared.Vasil’eva (2005) revealed in the Kushmurun section(northern Kazakhstan) the beds with Chatangiellamanumii, which was dated Late Campanian based on

the presence of Placenticeras meeki (Boehm.). Theassemblage is dominated by Chatangiella manumii,Spinidinium uncinatum, S. echinoideum, Alterbidinium“daveyi,” A. minus, and A. acutulum.

Thus, the Upper Cretaceous deposits are subdividedon the basis of dinocyst data in the reference sections ofthe Ust’-Yenisei and Khatanga regions and the PolarFore-Urals and in core samples from western Siberiaand the Kara Sea shelf. For the first time, the correlationof the sections studied provides a reconstruction ofcomplete succession of dinocyst assemblages and astandard dinocyst zonation for the Upper Cretaceous ofnorthern Siberia, with 15 biostratigraphic units (bedswith characteristic assemblages) from the Upper Cen-omanian to Maastrichtian, which is correlated to theinoceram zonation.

LIST OF DINOCYST SPECIES AND GENERAThe nomenclature follows The Lentin and Williams

Index of Fossil Dinoflagellages (Fensome and Will-iams, 2004). Asterisks mark the taxa the names ofwhich are retained in the former variants, since theirsystematic position is questionable, and treated differ-ently by different authors.

Achomosphaera crassipellis (Deflandre et Cook-son) Stover et Evitt, 1978

Achomosphaera ramulifera (Deflandre) Evitt, 1963Alterbidinium acutulum (Wilson) Lentin et Will-

iams, 1985*Alterbidinium “daveyi” (Stover et Evitt) Lentin et

Williams, 1985Alterbidinium minus (Alberti) Lentin et Williams,

1985Apteodinium maculatum Eisenack et Cookson, 1960Canningia macroreticulata Lebedeva in Ilyina et al.,

1994Cauveridinium membraniphorum (Cookson et

Eisenack) Masure in Fauconnier and Masure, 2004Cerodinium diebelii (Alberti) Lentin et Williams, 1987Cerodinium aff. medcalfii (Stover) Lentin et Will-

iams, 1987Chatangiella biapertura (McIntyre) Lentin et Will-

iams, 1976Chatangiella bondarenkoi (Vozzhennikova) Lentin

et Williams, 1976Chatangiella cassidea Lebedeva, 1988Chatangiella chetiensis (Vozzhennikova) Lentin et

Williams, 1976Chatangiella ditissima (McIntyre) Lentin et Will-

iams, 1976Chatangiella granulifera (Manum) Lentin et Will-

iams, 1976Chatangiella madura Lentin et Williams, 1976Chatangiella manumii (Vozzhennikova) Lentin et

Williams, 1976



Chatangiella micracantha (Cookson et Eisenack)Lentin et Williams, 1976

Chatangiella niiga Vozzhennikova, 1967Chatangiella serratula (Cookson et Eisenack) Len-

tin et Williams, 1976Chatangiella spectabilis (Alberti) Lentin et Will-

iams, 1976Chatangiella spinata Lebedeva, 2000Chatangiella tanamaensis Lebedeva, 1988Chatangiella tripartita (Cookson et Eisenack) Len-

tin et Williams, 1976Chatangiella verrucosa (Manum) Lentin et Will-

iams, 1976Chatangiella victoriensis (Cookson et Manum)

Lentin et Williams, 1976Chatangiella vnigrii (Vozzhennikova) Lentin et

Williams, 1976Chichaouadinium cf. vestitum (Brideaux) Bujak et

Davies, 1983Chlamydophorella discreta Clarke et Verdier, 1967Chlamydophorella nyei Cookson et Eisenack, 1958Chlonoviella agapica Lebedeva in Ilyina et al., 1994Circulodinium densebarbatum (Cookson et Eisenack)

Fauconnier in Fauconnier and Masure, 2004Circulodinium distinctum (Deflandre et Cookson)

Jansonius, 1986Cometodinium obscurum Deflandre et Courteville,

1939Coronifera striolata (Deflandre) Stover et Evitt, 1978Cribroperidinium exilicristatum (Davey) Stover et

Evitt, 1978Cyclonephelium vannophorum Davey, 1969Dapsilidinium laminaspinosum (Davey et Williams)

Lentin et Williams, 1981Dinogymnium sibiricum (Vozzhennikova) Lentin et

Williams, 1973Dorocysta litotes Davey, 1970Ellipsoidinium rugulosum Clarke et Verdier, 1967Elytrocysta circulata (Clarke et Verdier) Stover et

Halby, 1987Eurydinium saxoniense Marshall et Batten, 1988Exochosphaeridium bifidum (Clarke et Verdier)

Clarke et al., 1968Exochosphaeridium phragmites Davey et al., 1966Fibrocysta axialis (Eisenack) Stover et Evitt, 1978Florentinia buspina (Davey et Verdier) Duxbury, 1980Florentinia ferox (Deflandre) Duxbury, 1980Florentinia laciniata Davey et Verdier, 1973Florentinia mantelii (Davey et Williams) Davey et

Verdier, 1973*Fromea chytra (Drugg) Stover et Evitt, 1978*Fromea fragilis (Cookson et Eisenack) Stover et

Davey, 1978

*Fromea laevigata (Drugg) Stover et Evitt, 1978Geiselodinium cenomanicum Lebedeva in Ilyina

et al., 1994Gillinia hymenophora Cookson et Eisenack, 1960Ginginodinium evittii Singh, 1983Glyphanodinium facetum Drugg, 1964Heterosphaeridium difficile (Manum et Cookson)

Ioannides, 1986Hystrichosphaeridium salpingophorum Deflandre,

1935Hystrichosphaeridium tubiferum (Ehrenberg)

Deflandre, 1937Isabelidinium ?amphiatum (McIntyre) Lentin et

Williams, 1977Isabelidinium bakeri (Deflandre et Cookson) Lentin

et Williams, 1977Isabelidinium belfastense (Cookson et Eisenack)

Lentin et Williams, 1977Isabelidinium cooksoniae (Alberti) Lentin and Wil-

liams, 1977Isabelidinium magnum (Davey) Stover et Evitt,

1978Isabelidinium microarmum (McIntyre) Lentin et

Williams, 1977Isabelidinium rectangulatum Lebedeva 2006Kallosphaeridium ?circulare (Cookson et Eisenack)

Helby, 1987Kallosphaeridium ?ringnesiorum (Manum et Cook-

son) Helby, 1987Laciniadinium arcticum (Manum et Cookson) Len-

tin et Williams, 1980Laciniadinium firmum (Harland) Morgan, 1977Laciniadinium rhombiforme (Vozzhennikova) Len-

tin et Williams, 1990Laciniadinium williamsii Ioannides, 1986Litosphaeridium siphoniphorum (Cookson et Eisen-

ack) Davey et Williams, 1966Magallanesium balmei (Cookson et Eisenack)

Quattrocchio and Sarjeant, 2003Membranosphaera maastrichtica Samoilovitch in

Samoilovitch and Mtchedlishvili, 1961Microdinium ?crinitum Davey, 1969Microdinium distinctum Davey, 1969Microdinium glabrum Cookson et Eisenack, 1974Microdinium kustanaicum Vozzhennikova, 1967Microdinium ornatum Cookson et Eisenack, 1960Microdinium setosum Sarjeant, 1966Odontochitina costata Alberti, 1961Odontochitina operculata (Wetzel) Deflandre et

Cookson, 1955Oligosphaeridium albertense (Pocock) Davey et

Williams, 1969

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LEBEDEVA

Oligosphaeridium complex (White) Davey et Will-iams, 1969

Oligosphaeridium poculum Jain, 1977Oligosphaeridium pulcherrimum (Deflandre et

Cookson) Davey et Williams, 1969Operculodinium centrocarpum (Deflandre et Cook-

son) Wall, 1967Ovoidinium scabrosum (Cookson et Hughes)

Davey, 1970Palaeocystodinium golzowense Alberti, 1961Palaeohystrichophora infusorioide Deflandre, 1935Palaeoperidinium cretaceum (Pocock) Lentin et

Williams, 1976Palaeoperidinium pyrophorum (Ehrenberg) Sar-

jeant, 1967Palaeotetradinium silicorum Deflandre, 1936Pervosphaeridium truncatum (Davey) Below, 1982Pierceites pentagonus (May) Habib et Drugg, 1987Pterodininium cingulatum (Wetzel) Below, 1981Rhiptocorys veligera (Deflandre) Lejeune-Carpen-

tier et Sarjeant, 1983Senoniasphaera protrusa Clarke et Verdier, 1967Senoniasphaera rotundata Clarke et Verdier, 1967Spinidinium echinoideum (Cookson et Eisenack)

Lentin and Williams, 1976Spinidinium ornatum (May) Lentin et Williams,

1981Spinidinium sverdrupianum (Manum) Lentin et

Williams, 1973Spinidinium uncinatum May, 1980*Spiniferites multibrevis (Davey et Williams)

Below, 1982Spiniferites ramosus (Ehrenberg) Mantell, 1854Spiniferites ramosus ssp. granosus (Davey et Will-

iams) Lentin et Williams, 1977Spiniferites ramosus ssp. ramosus Ehrenberg, 1838Subtilisphaera hyalina Singh, 1983Subtilisphaera ?pirnaensis (Alberti) Jain et Mill-

epied, 1973Surculosphaeridium longifurcatum (Firtion) Davey

et al., 1966Thalassiphora pelagica (Eisenack) Eisenack et

Gocht, 1960Trichodinium castanea (Deflandre) Clarke et Ver-

dier, 1967Trithyrodinium rhomboideum Singh, 1983Trithyrodinium suspectum (Manum et Cookson)

Davey, 1969Wallodinium luna (Cookson et Eisenack) Lentin et

Williams, 1973Xenascus blastema (Davey) Stover et Halby, 1987

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

I am grateful to G.N. Kartseva and A.B. Beizel’ forproviding samples and material from boreholes Lenin-gradskaya 1, Yuzhno-Russkaya 113, Berezovskaya 23k,and Bovanenkovskaya 2.

The study was supported by the Russian Foundationfor Basic Research, project nos. 06-05-64224 and06-05-64291.

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