dinesh r. bhuju chief, faculty of science nepal academy of science & technology
DESCRIPTION
Dinesh R. BHUJU Chief, Faculty of Science Nepal Academy of Science & Technology. SPECIES RESPONSE TO CLIMATE CHANGE IN HIGH ALTITUDES initiative of a national organization in the Himalayan discourse. _____________________________________________________. Nepal Academy of - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Dinesh R. BHUJUChief, Faculty of Science
Nepal Academy of Science & Technology
_____________________________________________________
SPECIES RESPONSE TOCLIMATE CHANGE
IN HIGH ALTITUDESinitiative of a national organization
in the Himalayan discourse
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• Establishment 1982• Autonomous &
Statutory• Role envisaged:
Think TankInnovatorCatalystFacilitator
Nepal Academy of Science & Technology
Advancing science and technology for all-round national development
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MOU between NAST & EvK2CNR in 1988
Pyramid Lab. built in 1990
Features:Glass & Aluminium, 3-storied, Ht 8.4m, Alt. 5,050m asl
The Initiation
PYRAMID LABORATORY
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The Activities
PYRAMID LABORATORY
Research Areas:i. Environment, ii. Biodiversity, iii. Earth Sc, iv. Medicine & Human Physiology, and v. Clean Technology
Missions conducted >500 involving143 scientific institutions from several nations.
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NAST’s Initiatives
RESEARCH IN HIGH ALTITUDES
Anthropogenic Activities
Biodiversity Knowledge
Climate Change Impact
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Climate Change Studies
MAJOR AREAS
Baseline Inventories1) Agrobiodiversity2) Mushroom diversity3) Herbaceous vegetation
Dendro-climatological Studies1) Reconstruction of env. history2) Relationship between temp. & vegetation shift
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Baseline Inventories
AGRO-BIODIVERSITY
Study AreaNamche, Khumjung, Phortse, Dole, Luza, Fanga, Machermo, Gokyo, Tengboche, Debuche, Pangboche, Dingboche, Pheriche, Jorsalle, Monju and Phakdin (16 settlements)
MethodologyQuestionnaire survey, sample collection & analysis
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Major FindingsUpper Limits (m asl)Staple crops: Barley 4,350; Buckwheat 3,930
Vegetables: Coriander 4,480, Radish/Turnip/Onion/Peas 4,359Cauliflower, Carrot 3,930
Potatoes 4,700 (Tarnak)
Ref. D Bhuju, A Giri, P Rana 2007
Baseline Inventories
AGRO-BIODIVERSITY
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Baseline InventoriesMUSHROOM BIODIVERSITY
Study Area: SNP
MethodologyField visit, Collection & analysis
Major FindingsRichness 150 spp.Used locally 29 spp.Highest 3,500-4,000m asl
Ref. A Giri, P Rana 2006
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Baseline InventoriesHERBACEOUS DIVERSITY
Study AreaImja Valley 3,400-4,650m asl
MethodologySampling, Collection, Analysis
Major FindingsRichness 180 spp, Location recorded, 32 spp in higher range than previously reported
Ref. E Paudel, D Bhuju, K Shrestha 2007
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ObjectiveUnderstand the impact of climate change on the distribution of forest vegetation in the Himalaya
Methodology1. Set-up permanent plots2. Tree inventory3. Tree core collection & analysis
SiteTree-line
Climatic Impact
DENDRO-CLIMATOLOGICAL STUDY
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Climatic ImpactDENDROCHRONOLOGY
Trees are nature’s ultimate environmental monitoring stations, make annual rings
Dendrochronology, Method of scientific dating based on the analysis of tree-ring growth patterns
Tree rings are called proxy-climate indicators
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Pangboche, 4,050m asl
Dendro-climatological Study
PERMANENT PLOTS
Deboche, Alt. 3,850m
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BA (cm2/ha) DENSITY (n/ha)
SPECIESPanboch
eDebuch
ePanboch
eDebuch
e
Abies spectabilis 79059.2 68228.8 120 359
Betula utilis 27831.9 84990.3 204 149Sorbus microphylla 4785.0 15030.5 117 279
TOTAL 111862.1186107.
6 445 1034
MEAN DBH MAX DBH
SPECIESPanboch
eDebuch
ePanboch
eDebuch
e
Abies spectabilis 24.9 8.5 68 99
Betula utilis 11.6 24.0 40 63Sorbus microphylla 5.7 7.4 39 36TOTAL 13.6 10.4 68 99
Dendro-climatological Study
RESULT: FOREST STRUCTURE
____________________________________________________
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Dendro-climatological Study
TREE CORE COLLECTION
Core CollectionAbies spectabilisJuniperus recurvaBetula utilis
Total About 300 from various sites
Preservation, Mounting & Sanding
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Bell shaped, poor regeneration in recent yearsInverse J, accelerating recruitments in recent yearsAverage age:Panboche 64 yrs; Debuche 64 yrsMax. age: Panboche 147 yrs; Debuche 207 yrs
Dendro-climatological Study
TREE CORE ANALYSIS
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Climatic Impact
DENDRO-LAB
Lab Facility: 1. Lin-Tab digital positioning table for tree-ring analysis2. Leica S4E stereo microscope3. LintabTm swing arm stand4. TSAP-Win Prof. software
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Participating Institutions• Central Dept of Env Sc. Tribhuvan Univ.• Department of Plant Resources, GON• The Standard Nursery Pvt Ltd• Nepal Academy of Science & Technology• College for Applied Sciences• Dept. of Forest Research & Survey, GON• Dept of Hydrology & Meteorology, GON• National Trust for Nature Conservation• Dept. of National Parks & Wildlife Cons. • Ethnobotanical Society of Nepal• Madan Puraskar Guthi• Central Dept. of Botany, TU
Climatic Impact
DENDRO-TRAINING WORKSHOP
Date: 15-22 Jan 2008Total Participants: 18Resource Persons: Univ. of Padova
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Climatic Impact
DENDRO-CLIMATOLOGICAL STUDIES Langtang National Park
NP Gaire, YB Dhakal, H Lekhak 2008; TUAbies spectabilis; Core: 210
Manaslu Conservation AreaM Suwal 2009 UIB-TU; Gaire & Bhuju 2010Abies spectabilis; Core: 148+
Manang (trans-Himalaya)KB Shrestha 2009; UIB, NorwayPinus roxburghii; Core: 133
Mustang (trans-Himalaya)E Udas; UG; Germany
Abies spectabilis; Core: 109 Kathmandu Valley
NP Gaire & DR Bhuju, NASTPinus roxburghii; Core 65
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Climatic Impact
RESULTS: MANASLUThere was new recruitments of seedlings and saplings in tree-line ecotone. The species limit has advanced from 3,673m asl in 1958 to 3,841m asl in 2007 with a total of 168 m upslope shift at the average rate of 34.29 m per decade. The seedlings below tree-line have comparatively faster growth.______________________________
Ref. M. Suwal 2010
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Abies spectabilis
Betula utilis
Transect 1
Transect 2
Transect 1
Transect 2
Species limit/line
3984 3955 3996 4003
Tree line
3907 3830 3996 4003
Preliminary result:upward migration of Abies spectabilis by >1m/yr
Ref. Gaire & Bhuju 2010
Climatic Impact
RESULTS: MANASLU
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Climatic Impact
RESULTS: LANGTANG1. There was significant -ve
correlation between the tree growth & mean monthly min. temp. of Mar & Apr of the current year, Oct of the previous year, and mean of Mar-May temp. of the current year.
2. Though statistically insignificant, there was +ve correlation between ring width and mean monthly precipitation of the most of the months of current year and -ve correlation with previous year’ precipitation.
________________ Ref. NP Gaire 2008
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Climatic Impact
RESULTS: MUSTANG
The positive response of temperature (previous Nov, current Feb-Mar-May) during the early and mid 20th century was either both discontinuous and showed no correlation with tree growth at later period (Feb-Mar) or it turned to be negatively associated with growth (previous Nov and current May). This recent change in sensitivity of tree growth and temperature variability was unclear. ____________________
Ref. E Udas 2010
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Climatic Impact
WHAT NEXT
Extend the study areaStrengthen the Dendro-LabInternational collaboration