r. ... . , . ,

Dina C. Nash

Commissioners Srcslrie, Basset& and Newbern Arkansas Public Service Commission io00 Center S b e t Little Rock, AR 72201

Thank you for letling me speak at the public hearing alter the Hempstead Coalition case’s last witness. I thought your hearing of the case was very fair. Since I had more hcts to say than my eommenb that day permitted, here are the rest of the thoughts and mearch I would like bo sham.

Attached please find my mport of 13 articles which are crucial b the understanding of the causation of coal plant emissions’ negative impacts on lung and haark health. Also attached are references to 38 othor articles I have read and selected into a reference list for your further reading and consideration.

I hope that you will ultimably conclude, along with me and the others who have written you concerning the health costs of any new coal plan& in Arkansas, that we cannot affard these terrible casts. In my repoe I mfer to the $4.8 billion court decision against American Electric Power on October 9,2w)7,5n which this parent corporation’s offenses against health and ils longantrenched male of operation ware well demonstratad to the entire nation. This b all we need to say no to this antisocial corporation and their plant.

I can provide American Lung Association data on each health problem related to coal if you need it, wSth which to estimafe the health costs more accurately for Arkansas, not included hem for reasons of parsimony. I cannot e m & the statistical models for the pmcise mortality and morbidity and their related external cos&, but I believe your staff doe8 and will do so. In the document attached, I ask you tu do so and to let me know what thaee estimates are. Sierra Club asks that you say no to any more cod plants, due to the premature deaths, morbidity costs, and clean-up such plants cost us ratepayem not just for the 50 yeam of such plant, but for many lifetimes, due to the mercury and radioactivity emitted.

Thank you for your kind consideration of these scientific articles.

Respectfully s u b m w ,

Din8 C. Nash, YS, MSW Vice President, Central Arkansas Group, Arkansas Chapter, Sierra Club

First of aIl, page 10 of this report has 15 steps s u m in the October, 2007 issue ofthe N a t i o d a l d 'c for amtinting to pmhm while reducing global warming and reducing polhtion and Mth care costs, prepared by leading FYhcekm Scientists. While health costs are the Tocus of this papa, if we do not simulEaneously consewe en- and shift to dtemative fuels, our air and water will not fllpport the population now on ahe greakstaisismmkhdhaseverfaad The15stepsmsrybeaurgrea~hope.

by 2057. Global warmin& increased by the burning of fossil fuels is the

Today, there atr: over two hundred scientdic articles which document the relationship between deaths, ?d health, aTBd mal plant emissions. The following are Summaries of pdnemt reseafch articles published in scientific journals. They all pint to hacases in deaths and sickness caused by particles a d otbernoxious chemicals emitkdby cod plants. These early deaths and morbidity increase the medical cosfs to intmooent &kens ofour state andnation. When anyme uses a medid service subsidizeaby the state M

fkdexal $ovenrment, this costs tbe public money in taxes, Early, preventable deaths cost m m than money can qk. Thae &mal costs slrwld be estimated carefully by the PSC economists and figured into any decision tfiat involves rates for any new polluting plant in Arkansas,

The U.S. Environmn~ Protection Agency uses a d u e of $6 &on per moriahty when calculating the economic impact of agency policies and practices. Arkmas &odd have its own model for figuring the cost of one lifk, taken by the plhrtion fhm its coal plants. If one divided the I 9 pzoposed Texas coal plants' emissionS by 19, each of those plants were estimated to kill 12.63 people a y m olnd cause 467 additional premahm mortalities, over the lifehcs of the units, estimated at 50 years each. At $6 million per mortsllity, the m d t y cosf of each unit ?here would be $2,802,000,000 ($2.8 trillion) in prematme deaahs over the life of one plant. This is an average+ of the health damages that would be done by all 19 plants, divided by 19, the cost of one such p h t . The Texas plants generate from 300-1,716 m, with most of them at around 600-800 mw, comparable to the proposed Tu& plant. (Data is hased on the article in the Public Citizen Texas mce and the Sustainable Enm and Economic Devehpmt (SEED) Codition in November, 2006.) Refixmce 13.

At the ADEQ air quality permit bearing at Hope in July of this year, two SwEpco ofkids admitted that this plant would only q l y energy fur a b u t five days a year, to

energy could easily replace the need for this plant. In view of this enormous human health Gost for f i e peak days of enexgy that mild be preventabIeby Ccnaservatian, the Sierra Club solernaly requests that &e Public senrice commission mad the mearch pvided here, compute the death fi- for Arkamam and publish publicly the projected mortality and mmbidity mks h n this pposed plant That thy figure sounds like

Texas. Ifthe total cosfs ofincmsdmortality and morbidity are added into the rate, Sierra Club, statewide and natidly, believes that the costs are too high.

coyef possible peak power needs after 201 1. Two officials admitted amernti an of

s ~ s j u s t i f i ~ t i m for putsins tbis p h t in our fair state, after failing to do so in

Do we awe our lungs b Texans d Louisianans? Sierrans of Arkansas (abut 2,500 in Arkamas) say "No" like the Texans did Texas decided they could not afford &e CUZ emissions and @date- S i m Club of Arkansas members wil l l a d a voluntmy campaign for the public to reduce its energy waste 50 as to pwent the need far the five days of potential p k load needs. For example, Uctober 13, we are @cipahg in a Sustainable Energy Expositioa at the Statehouse Convention Center to disseminate skills for energy conservation,

Here are a dum short summaxim ofthe data qmn which the Sierra Club of Arhnsas makes its case against firrthep coal plants of this type for our state, due to health cosfs and d emission-related deaths. We leave to other groups such as F.U.S.E., the He3npstead County Hrmtjxlg CIub codition, and the Hope Clean Air Committee, the task of

acfes of nature and wildlife. The most urgent cause of the century is to reduce the mission of C02 from d plants and automobiles! But during tbis next 50 years, we do have to pkct people's h d t h from dirty air and extend costs of fossil he1 burning.

emphasizingthe inter€%ofArkansaas hinbllty and integrity ofthe thousmds of

2

As fbllows are summaries of 12 articles, but there am abut 50 other r e m attached. Many of these surmnaries came from per-reviewed j m d s , 38 more were selected from a Med-line database, some were from w h i t e s of govermnental and n m - g o v ~ e n t a l agmcies. These areal1 in t h e R d . section.

3

4

5

6

7

Standard deviation increases of onme, NOx, CO2, and PMlO were assoCiated with Emagency Room admissions for these hdth pblems:

Author’s Comment Has the PSC deveIoped cost models for these preventable deaths?

8

Thenumber of counties scoring an A f o r o m Quality increased firm 82 in Zoo0 to 145 counties this year, but particle pollution show a bad trend, with F grades for ozone doubling in just one year, h m 2005 to 2006.

9

Theincmad particle polhdion in theEast is a particuIarly troublingtrend, b u s e erppostlre to particle pollution can not only take years off your life, it can thaten your life immediately”, said T. Wavm, PhD., Chair of the American Lung Associatioa.

NOW: ALTERNATIVES TO NEW COAL PLANTS TO PROVIDE ENERGY, REDUCE GLOBAL WARMING, AND PROTECT HEALTH

1. Improve firel e c m q of the 2 billion cas expcted to be. 011 the road by 2057 to 60 mpg h m 30 mpg

6. Use capture systems at m a h k i i v d hydrogen plants p d u c h g fuel far a billion cars.

7. Use capture systems in coalderived qnthetic he1 plants @chg 30 d o n barrels a day.

9. Displace coal by increarsing prduction of nuclear power to three time today's capacity.

13. Irrcrease ethanol biofuel pducticm to 50 times cumat Capacity. About 1/6 of the world's m p h d would he needed forthis g d ! (Another scimiist, Camell University's David pimeatal, says biofhds are a waste and will keep us f b n doing the consen& *on of energy we need to do, p.44).

A h , new technologies may be needed to lower emissions fiirther to nach a zero net level of C02 emissions (CO2 emissions minus C02 natudy absorbed by Earth's land and oceans) by 2057. Some practical suggedons are given in the article, pp.34-35. Also see www.nmn.comlclimateconnections and www.npr.or~climateconnections.

hother article in this National Geogqhic issue, entitled T3iofueI.s: Boon or BoondoggIe", has an analysis of the dative merits of am over m as biofbd:

REFERENCES

1- American Lung Association Stak of the& 2007-Los Angela Most Polluted City. 5/1/2007. oniine article at www.lunmsa.oc+

2. Cardiopulmonary Mortality and Air PolMon. Annette Peters and C . k P o p . bce t . amber r9,2002.360.

3. The PdcuiabRelated H d t h Benefits of kducing Power Plant Emissians. Abt Associates. October ZOOO. Available online at http://www.catf.us/publications/reports/ Abt PM reportnhn In J. Levy and J. Spngler, Estimated H d t b Impacts of Criteria Pollutant Air Emissions k m the Wm Harbor and Brayton Poht Power Plants, Hamud School of public Health May, 2000.

5. Particulate Matter: A particular Concern. George Thurston J d of the American Medical Assmiatim 6 March 2002.

David cbristhi. Ckculatim 28 August 2OOI.EDid~oIog;v. May 2002. Both quoted h the online j d , NIEWS News, the Nelson Institute for Envirommd Medicine, New Yark University)

and

6. Op-Cit., Summary 4: Estimating the effect of air pollution from a coal-fired power station on the development of children’s puhmnmy fimdon. Johahn Dubnov et d. at the University of Waif& Israel, Jan. 2007

12

8. Ambient air pollution and fespjs8foIy emergency department visits. J.L. Peel, RE.Tob&, M. Klein, KB. M a w , W.D. Flanders, K. Todd, J A MulholIand, P.B. Ryan, and H. Fmmkin. @ept, of Epidemiology, Rollins school of Public H d t h , Emmy UniVerSity,Ahta). EDiderniolow. 2005 March. 16(2); 164-374

IO. Assessment of the h p c t s on heatth due to the eMissiwls of Cuban power plants that use fbssil fuel oils with high amtent of dh. EStimatiwl of external costs. Mach 07. A m 'C E h w t . March 2007, Vd. 41. JSSW 10.2202-2213.

12. Los Angeles Most Polluted City: State of the Air Repart, 2007. American Lung Association,

13. Premature Mortality from Proposed New Coal-iked Power Plants in Texas. R-h Bried by Public Citizen's Texas Mce d fhe Sustahable Energy and Economic DeveiOpment coaliltion (SEED). Novmk. 2006. p.1

In addition to these 13, please w attached the 39 M a h e references relevant to the paints made in the above 12. Please a h see ?he additionat 13 refermca attached, of which Iusedtbree, inthe 13 above, which are f o u n d on the last page ofthe attached ExmiVe Summary of the report, Tramtun Mortality h m Proposed New Cad-Fired Power Plants in Texas", psrepstred by Public C i ' s Texas M c e and the Sustainable Energy and 'Eccwomic Devehpment (SEED) coalitian, November 2006.

13

do a grave dissmice to the public of Ankansas and irreparable damage to the environment we all share, for numy lifetimes to come. As the researcher for the Sierra Club of Arkansas 011 this project, I believe coal’s time is up and we need to ask the coal and natural gas companies to give us clan alternatives, which they are capable of operating.

Thank you for your r e h g and your thoughtfid consideration. And thank you for what was a fair and open hearing of the Hempstead Coalition case, which I attended, and at the end of which, I gave my five minute introduction to this material.

On a personal note, I was diagnosed for the first time with asthma within two and a half months of moving to SpMgfieM, Missouri in 2005, which is located between two coal- fired plants, one on each edge of town. One has scrubbers, and one does not, I am a m e r and a hiker, and I had to give up the beautiful hilung trail my husband and I ran on, because it was about a halfmile h m the plant on the West side of town, hause T finally figured out that the pepper grains in our pet’s outdoor water bowl every morning was fly ash f h n the stacks. I was on medication fur several months for asthma, prior to my move back home to Arkamas in December, Unce back in Little Rock, my symptoms disappeared and I have been h e ever since. Doctors there admitted they thou@ the cod plants had something to do with the increasing lung disease rates there and with the fact that Springfield was in the top 3% of the cities with the worst particulate counts at that h e . Little Rock is within the 200 mile plume of the proposed plant. I hope we never have to worry about that, pending your decision.

RespectfblIy submitted,

Dina C. Nash, MS, MSW Vice President, Central Arkamas Group, Arkansas Sierra Club

14

Premature Mortdity from Proposed New Coal-fired Power Plants in Texas A msemh briefby pubfic Citizen's Texas office and the Sustainable Energy and F m m m i C

Envhnmmtd Protection Agency, Guidelines for Preparing Ecmwmic Analjwes, (September 2000). Httu ://yosemi te . a. govleelepdeed . nsf/webDa &Guidelines. ht ml/$ fi 1elGuidel ines . pd f. ii Bascom, R et al., Hedth EBcfs of ourdoor Air Pollution, Part I , 153 American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine 3-50 (1996); Bascorn, R. et d. HeaZth Efecfs of Outdoor Air Pollution, Part 2, 153 American J o d of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine 477-498

A b AssoCi&s, he Pmticulde-Reiated Health Bene$ts of Redicing Puwer Plant Emissions,

i

11996). - (October 2000). Available online at: htt~://~.catf.u~pubIications/reports/Abt PM re-mrt.php; Levy, J., and Spengler, J., Estimated Heulth Jmpacts of Criteria Pollutant Air Emissiunsfi.om tke Salem Harbor and &won Point Power Plants, Harvard School of Public Health (May 2000). Available online ai: hftE7://~.hsDh.harvard.edu; Levy, J.I. et d., Usirzg CALPUFF to Evalzcate the Impucts of Power Plant Emissions in Rlimis: Model Sensikbity andhpIicutium, 36 Atmospheric Environment 1063-1 075 (2002); Levy, J. et al., TYte Imprtance of Population Susceptibilip fur Air Pollution Risk Assessment A Case Stz@v of Power Plants Nem Washingtm DC, 1 10 Env. Health P a p . Wo. 12) 1253 (Decemkr 2002); Levy, J. et ai., Estimation of Primmy mdSeconhy Partimluie Matter Int& Fractiom for Power Plants in &or&, Environ. Sci. Technot 37,5528- 5536 (2003). iv Devlin, RB., Ghio, A.J., Kehrl, H., Sanders, G., and Cascio, W., Elderly Humans &posed to Comemated Air PoIIufion Partides Hme Decremed Heart Rae Variabiliw, 21 The European RespiratOry Journal (Suppl. 40) 76~80s (2003); Holguin, F., Tellez-hjo, M.M., Hernandez, M., Cortez, M., Chow, J.C., Watson, J.G., klannino, D., and RQKII~U, l., Air Pollution and Heart Rate VariabiiiQ Among the Elderly in Mexico City. 14 Epidemiology (No. 5 ) 521 -527 (2003); Mittleman, MA. and Verrier, R.L., Air Pollutiope: Small Pwiicles, Big Problems? Commentary. 14 Epidemiology (No. 5 ) 5 12-5 13 (September 2003). ' B m h e f , E., Air Pollution a d L @ Expectaplcy: Is There a Relation? 54 Occup. Environ. Med. 781-84 (1997). vi U.S. EPA, OAR, "Final Report to Congas on Benefits and Costs of the Clean Air Act, 1970 to 1990", EPA 410-R-97-02 (October 1997) at 1-23.

Vedal, Sverre, Brauer, Michael, white, Richard, and Petkau, John, Air Pollution and Daily Mortality in a City with Low hvels of Polhiion, 1 1 1 Environ Health Perspectives 45-5 1 (2003). viii U S EPA, "Fourth Extemal Review Draft of Air Quality Criteria for Particulate Matter Vols. I and 2," EPA/600/P-99/002aD (June 2003). Available online ak htt P : //c fbub . epa. Povlncedc fmlrecord i spI ay . cfm?deid=5 8 003 u( Peters, Annette, and Pope, CA., Curdiopulmonmy MortaZiW &Air PoWioq 360 The Lancet 1184 (October 19,2002); Ne-, A., Hoet, P.H.M., Vanquickenborne, B., D'hdde, D., Thomeer, M., Hoyfaerts, M.F., Vanbilloen, H., Mortelmans, and E. Nemery, B., Passage of Inhaled Particles Into ?he B Z d CirmZation in Humans 105 Circulation 10541 1414 (2002); Brook, Robert D., Brook Je&y R, Urch, Bruce, Vincent, Renaud, Rajagopalan, Sanjay, and S i l v e r n , Frances, 105 Circulation 1534-1 536 (2002).

Wilson, Richard, and Spengler, John, eds. Particles in Our Air: Coneeniraiiom and Health Efects

Ibid. http;//w.mSbnrg.com/

(1999) p. 212.

xiii U.S. Environmental Protection. Agency Internal Memorandum, Bryan Hubbell to Sam Napohno, July 2,2001.

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References and Suggated Reading

J. F. Ahearne, "The Future of Nuclear Power," American Scientist, Jm.-Feb 1993: 24-35.

E. Brown and R EL Fmstone, Table of RdiaaciW Isotopes, Wiley Interscience, 1986.

J. 0. Corbett, "The Radiation Dose From Cod Burning: A Review of Pathways and Data," Radiation Protection Dosimtry, 4 ( 1): 5- 19.

R. R Judkins md W. Fulkerson, "The Dilemma of Fossil Fuel Use and Global Clhte . Change," Energy

Noltional CounciI on Matiun Protection, Public Radiarion -we From Nuclear Power Generation in the US., Report No. 92,1987,72-112.

& Fuels, 7 (1993) 14-22. -- - - - ,

National Council on Radiation Protectiun, -sure of the Population in the United States and Canada J5.om Natural Background Radiation, Report No, 94,1987,#-128.

National Council on Radiation Protection, Radiation &msure of the US. Populationfiom Consumer Products and Miscellaneoslr Sources, Report No. 95,1987,32-36 and 62-64.

Serge A. KoB, "Fast Costnic Ray Neutrons in the Atmosphere," Proceedings of Intemtiond Conference OR Cosmic Rays, Yohme 5: High Energy Interactimq Jaipur, December 1963.

C. 8. A. McCusker, "Extensive Air Shower Studies in Auslmlh," Proceedings of International Cunfeeertce on Cosmic R q s , Volume 4: fitensive Air Showers, Jaipw, December 1 %3.

T. L. Thoem, et al., Coal Fired Power Plant Trace Element Stu& Volume I : A Thee Stution Comparison, Radiun C o p fur USEPA, S q t . 1975.

W. Torrey, "Coal Ash Utilization: Fly Ash, Bottom Ash and Slag," Pollutiun Technology Review, 48 (1978) 136.

Where to?

Bf Next article 1 Search I Mail I Contents I Review Home Paw I O W L Home Page J

October 12,2007

RE: Docket N 06-1 54-U >P To Whom It May Concern:

My name is Nicholas English. I am a fifth generation member of the Hempstead County Hunting Club. It has come to my attention that there was no real testimony about the danger of bird mortality from the construction of the Turk Power Plant.

After consulting with the ornithology lab at Cornel1 (my ahma mater) and other research, I submit the following for your consideration.

In light of global warming and pollution, please DENY the permit.

Nicholas Conover Jobs English 10040 Meadowbrook Drive Dallas, TX 75229 2 14-696-5 107

Between 5 million and 80 million birds are killed annually from collisions with man- made structures including powerlines, towers, buildings, stacks, and cooling towers. One study of the stacks of two coal-fired power plants recorded 28,000 bird strikes over a seven- year period. Night-migrating songbirds are particularly vulnerable to collisions with tall, lit structures. The Little River Bottoms is a hotspot for migrating birds because the large, contiguous block of habitat offers a place for birds to rest and refuel during their long journey. Causes for bird collisions with man-made structures are invisibility of certain structures at night, deception caused by reflections on windows, and confusion caused by light refracted or reflected by mist during bad weather. Birds migrating at night are strongly attracted to, or at least trapped by, sources of artificial light, particularly during periods of inclement weather. As they approach the lights of lighthouses, floodlit obstacles, communication towers, or lighted tall buildings, they become vulnerable to collisions with the structures themselves.

There are hundreds of peer-reviewed scientific articles concerning bird collisions with man-made structures. One annotated bibliography (http://www.enecgy .ca. gov/reports/avian-bibliography . html) lists 463 references. Below are select citations.

Avian Power Line Interaction Committee (APLIC). 1994. Mitigating bird collisions with power lines: the state of the art in 1994. Edison Electric Institute, Washington, DC. 78 pp.

nocturnal bird migration: a portabIe ceilometer study. Auk 93 :28 1-29 1.

mortality at a North Dakota tower. Wibon Bulletin 89:291-299.

structures. Wildlife Damage Management, Internet Center for Bird Control Seminars Proceedings, University of Nebraska - Lincoln.

Banks, R. C. 1979. Human related mortality of birds in the United States. US. Dept. Interior, FWS, Special Scientific Report, Wildlife No. 21 5 , Washington, DC. 16 PP-

Cochran, W. W. and R. R. Graber. 1958. Attraction of nocturnal migrants by lights on a television tower. Wilson Bulletin 70:378-380.

Cornwall, G., and H. A. Hochbaum. 1971. Collisions with wires: a source of Anatid mortality. Wilson Bulletin 83.

Crawford, R. T. 198 1. Weather, migration, and autumn bird kills at a north Florida JY tower. Wilson Bulletin 93: 189-195.

Crawford, R. L. and Engstrom, R. T. 200 1. Characteristics of avian mortality at a north Florida television tower: a 29-year study. Journal of Field Ornithology 72:380-388.

Evans, W. R., Y. Akashi, N. S . Altman, Manville, A. M. 2006. Response of night- migrating songbirds in cloud to colored and flashing light. North American Birds 476-488. (available at: k~ tp: !,'www .ol d bi rd. orq/n ut)s;I i EII t st ud \ . pd U ).

Avery, M., P. F. Springer, and J. F. Cassel. 1976. The effects of a tall tower on

Avery, M., P.F. Springer, J.F. Cassel. 1977. Weather influences on nocturnal bird

Avery, M. 1979. Review of avian mortality due to collisions with manrnade

Guyonne, F., E. Janss, and M. Ferrer. 1998. Rate of bird collision with power lines: effects of conductor-marking and static wire-marking. J o d of Field Ornithology 69.

Gauthreaux, S. A., Jr. and C. G. Belser. 1999. The behavioral responses of migrating birds to different lighting systems on tall towers. In Proceedings of Conference on Avian Mortality at Communication Towers, August 1 1 , 1999, Cornel1 University, Ithaca, NY. <http://www.fws.gov/r9mbmo~o~e~g.html>.

tower from 1957-1995. The Passenger Pigeon 58:219-235.

tower in a cloud. Journal of Comparative Psychology 1 O2:90-93.

power plant. Florida Field Naturalist 1 1145-68.

mortality of migrant birds in western New York and Youngstown, Okio. Northeastern Naturalist 10:67-76.

Ogden, Lesley P. 1996. Collision course: the hazards of lighted structures and windows to migrating birds. World Wildlife Fund Canada and the Fatal Lights Awareness Program, 46 pp.

transmission lines near a power plant cooling pond. Wildife Society Bulletin 14:44 I - 444.

Blue Bill 21:61-62.

Blue Bill 24:40-42.

Kemper, C. A. 1996. A study of bird mortality at a West Central Wisconsin TV

Larkin, R. P., and B. A. Frase. 1988. Circular paths of birds flying near a broadcasting

Maehr, D. S., A. G. Spratt, and n. K. Voigts. 1983. Bird casualties at a central Florida

Morris, S.R., A.R. Clark, L.H. Bhatti, and J.L. Glasgow. 2003. Television tower

Rusz, P. J., H. H. Prince, R. D. Rusz, and G. A. Dawson. 1986. Bird collisions with

Weir, R. D. 1974. Bird kills at the Lennox generating plant, spring and autumn 1974.

Weir, R. D. 1977. 3ird kilIs at the Lennox generating station, spring and autumn 1977.

October 10,2007

Public Health Commission 1000 Center St Little Rock, AR 72201 0 6 - Dear Sirs,

'w b

('1 frr I have been a specialist in Pulmonary Disease since 1971. Most of that period I w s

Science. I was a staff physician at the L d e Rock Veterans Admrnisttation Hospital for 0 nearly 25 years. In addtion I was in private practice in Lttle Rock for over 13 years.

5 ;:;< x 2 T;?! ;.

- m a - an academic physician at Stanford Universiq and the University of Arkansas for Medical 0

> - r . , ': -'-

During this period, it has become progressively more apparent that air quality is < D - major playa in health. This is not limited to lungs, cardiovascular health is also affected9 Likely more aspects of health impairment will be identified as we learn more about small particle pollution affect on human biology.

V 0 - _ -0

Any opportuniq to avoid worsening of OUT air q d t y or ways to lesson the pollution load should be embraced.

Disapproval of the proposal Fulton Cost Fire Generation is just such an opportunity.

Ths is a chance to improve air quality in Hempstead County, Arkansas, the United States and our planet.

Sincerely,

U&ersiq of Arkansas for Me&cal Science

cc: Atkansas Department of Environmental Quality P.0 Box 8913 Ltde Rock, Ar 72255