dimension guidelines. 1. dimensions should not be duplicated, or the same information given in two...
TRANSCRIPT
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DimensionDimensionGuidelinesGuidelines
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1. Dimensions should NOT be duplicated, or the same information given in two different ways.
Incorrect
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1. Dimensions should NOT be duplicated, or the same information given in two different ways.
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2. No unnecessary dimensions should be used – only those needed to produce or inspect the part.
Incorrect
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2. No unnecessary dimensions should be used – only those needed to produce or inspect the part.
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3. Dimensions should be attached to the view that best shows the contour of the feature to be dimensioned.
Incorrect
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3. Dimensions should be attached to the view that best shows the contour of the feature to be dimensioned.
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4. Whenever possible, avoid dimensioning to hidden lines and features.
Incorrect
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4. Whenever possible, avoid dimensioning to hidden lines and features.
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5. Avoid dimensioning over or through the object.
Incorrect
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5. Avoid dimensioning over or through the object.
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6. A dimension should be attached to only one view; for example, extension lines should not connect two views.
Incorrect
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6. A dimension should be attached to only one view; for example, extension lines should not connect two views.
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7. Whenever possible, locate dimensions between adjacent views.
Incorrect
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7. Whenever possible, locate dimensions between adjacent views.
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Multiple extension line crossings may be confused for the outside corner of the part.
8. Avoid crossing extension lines, but do not break them when they do cross.
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9. Whenever possible, avoid sending extension lines through object views.
Incorrect
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9. Whenever possible, avoid sending extension lines through object views.
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10. In general, a circle is dimensioned by its diameter and an arc by its radius.
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11. Holes are located by their centerlines, which may be extended and used as extension lines.
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12. Holes should be located and sized in the view that shows the feature as a circle.
Incorrect
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12. Holes should be located and sized in the view that shows the feature as a circle.
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13. Do not cross a dimension line with an extension line, and avoid crossing dimensions with leader lines.
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13. Do not cross a dimension line with an extension line, and avoid crossing dimensions with leader lines.
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14. Leader lines point toward the center of the feature, and should not occur horizontally or vertically.
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15. Dimension numbers should be centered between arrowheads, except when using stacked dimensions, and then the numbers should be staggered.
Incorrect
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15. Dimension numbers should be centered between arrowheads, except when using stacked dimensions, and then the numbers should be staggered.
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16. Concentric circles are dimensioned in the longitudinal view, whenever practical.
Incorrect
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16. Concentric circles are dimensioned in the longitudinal view, whenever practical.
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Dimensioning Dimensioning StandardsStandards
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Rules and Practices
Accurate dimensioning is one of the most demanding undertakings when designing parts.
Use the checklist to insure you have followed
the basic dimensioning rules.
Keep in mind there may be a case where the need to break a standard could occur to give clarity to the part and manufacturer.
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Standards In order for the drawings to be dimensioned
so that all people can understand them, we need to follow standards that every company in the world must follow. Standards are created by these organizations:
-ANSI -MIL
-ISO -DOD
-DIN -CEN
-JIS
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Standards Institutions
ANSI - American National Standards Institute - This institute creates the engineering standards for North America.
ISO - International Organization for Standardization - This is a world wide organization that creates engineering standards with approximately 100 participating countries.
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Standards Institutions
DIN - Deutsches Institut für Normung - The German Standards Institute created many standards used world wide such as the standards for camera film.
JIS - Japanese Industrial Standard - Created after WWII for Japanese standards.
CEN - European Standards Organization
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Standards Institutions
The United States military has two organizations that develop standards.
DOD - Department Of Defense MIL - Military Standard
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Linear dimensions are comprised of four components:
Extension Lines
Dimension Text Dimension Lines
Arrow Heads
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Extension Lines
Extended from the view to indicate the edges referenced and hold the dimension line
1/16” gap from the view so they are not confused with the visible lines
Continue 1/8” past the dimension line
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Dimension Lines
Horizontal
Aligned to a slanted surfaced
Vertical
When stacked, they are 10mm (.4”) from the view and 6mm(.25”) apart.
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Arrowheads(Dimension Line Terminator)
Arrowheads are typical dimension line terminators. There are other acceptable dimension line terminators.
Arrowheads point directly to the object that is being dimensioned or the extension lines at the end of the dimension. Arrowheads are made three times as long as they are wide.
Dot
Oblique or architectural ticks used in architectural drawings Datum
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Dimension Text
Dimension text is placed in the middle of the line both horizontally and vertically.
If the dimension text will not fit between the extension lines, it may be placed outside them.
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Dimensioning Methods
Dimensions are represented on a drawing using one of two systems, unidirectional or aligned.
The unidirectional method means all dimensions are read in the same direction.
The aligned method means the dimensions are read in alignment with the dimension lines or side of the part, some read horizontally and others read vertically.
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Dimension TextUnidirectional vs. Aligned
Unidirectional dimensions are placed so they can be read from the bottom of the drawing sheet. This method is commonly used in mechanical drafting.
Aligned dimensions are placed so the horizontal dimensions can be read from the bottom of the drawing sheet and the vertical dimensions can be read from the right side of the drawing sheet. This method is commonly used in architectural and structural drafting.
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Types of Dimensions There are two classifications of dimensions: size
and location.
Size dimensions are placed in direct relationship to a feature to identify the specific size.
Location dimensions are used to identify the relationship of a feature to another feature within an object.
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Dimensioning Checklist Each dimension should be written clearly
with only one way to be interpreted. A feature should be dimensioned only once. Dimension and extension lines should not
cross. Each feature should be dimensioned. Dimension features or surfaces should be
done to a logical reference point.
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Dimension Checklist Dimension circles should have
diameters and arcs with a radius. A center line should be extended and
used as an extension line. Dimension features on a view should
clearly show its true shape. Enough space should be provided to
avoid crowding and misinterpretation.
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Dimension Checklist Extension lines and object lines
should not overlap. Dimensions should be placed outside
the part. Center lines or marks should be used
on all circles and holes.
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Linear Dimensioning Dimensioning from feature to feature
is known as Chain Dimensioning.. It is commonly used and easy to lay out. It does have possible consequences in the manufacturing of a part. Tolerances can accumulate, making the end product larger or smaller than expected.
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Chain Dimensioning
This is a general note. It indicates that all two
place decimal dimensions have a tolerance of plus or
minus .01 inch unless otherwise specified.
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Chain DimensioningEach of these steps
can range between .490”and .510” wide.
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Chain Dimensioning
The chain dimensioning layout can have an
effect on the final length of the part ranging from
1.47 to 1.53.
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Chain DimensioningPlacing an overall dimension
will limit the chain effect of thetolerance build up.
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Linear Dimensioning
The accuracy of the final product is determined by the dimensions on the drawing. If all the dimensions originate from a common corner of the part, the object will be more accurate. This is referred to as Datum Dimensioning. Datums insure the tolerance or errors in manufacturing do not accumulate.
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Datum Dimensioning
The dimensions originate from a
common edge (DATUM)
of the part.
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Datum DimensioningThe dimensions originate from a common edge
(DATUM) of the part.
This is a general note. It indicates that all two place decimal dimensions have a
tolerance of plus or minus .01 inch unless otherwise specified.
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Datum DimensioningThis step can be .490
to .510 wide.
This distance can be .990 to 1.010
wide.
This distance can be 1.49 to 1.510 wide.
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Dimensioning Symbols
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Dimensioning Angles Angled surface may be dimensioned
using coordinate method to specify the two location distances of the angle.
Angled surfaces may also be dimensioned using the angular method by specifying one location distance and the angle.
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Dimensioning Angles
Coordinate Method Angular Method
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Dimensioning Arcs and Circles
Arcs and circles are dimensioned in views that show the arc or circle.
Arcs are dimensioned with a leader to identify the radius; in some cases, a center mark is included.
Circles should have a center mark and are dimensioned with a leader to identify the diameter.
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Dimensioning Curved Features and Arcs
Use a capital “R” for dimensioning arcs.
Large Arcs use centermarks.
Small arcs do not needcenter marks. Arrow can
be outside.
The arrow can be inside for small arcs.
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DiametersA full circular object should be dimensionedusing its diameter. Holes should use hole
notes.
This specificationcalls for a hole with
a .5 diameterand 1.00 deep.
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DiametersCylindrical parts may show their diameters in this
manner. Dimensioning on the right side viewcould be too crowded.
Note that the diameter symbol is used so it is not confused with a linear dimension.
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ChordsChords may be dimensioned in one of
the following ways.
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Dimensioning Curved Features
Datum
Points are placed along the contourand are dimensioned from the datum.
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Reference DimensionsDesignates more than one of the same feature.
In this case, it is identifying there are
two identical holes.
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ChamfersExternal chamfer for 45 degree
chamfers only. There are two options.
External chamfer for angles other than45 degrees.
Internal chamfers.
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Fillets and Rounds
Rounds
Fillets
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Fillets and Rounds
Use a capital “R” for dimensioning the arc.
Large arcs use center marks.
Small arcs do not needcenter marks. Arrow can
be outside the arc.
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Conical Tapers
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Slot Dimensioning
The two methods shown on the left
are the acceptablemethods for
dimensioning slottedholes.
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Dimensioning Radial Patterns
Angles and radius valuesare used to locate the centersof radial patterned features,
such as the holes onthis plate.
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Keyway and Keyseat
Keyway Keyseat
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Shaft
KeywaysKeyway Dimensions
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Hole Dimensioning
Holes are specified with numbers and symbols.
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Reading a Hole Note
The Hole Diameter is .25” and will be drilled .75” deep.The Hole will be Counterbored to
a .38”diameter and to a depth of .25”
Depth Symbol
Counterbore orSpotface Symbol
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Reading a Hole Note
The Hole Diameter will be.38” drilled .5 deep.
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Reading a Hole Note
The Hole Diameter will be .38” through the whole block.
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Reading Thread Notes
Threads are dimensioned with the use of local notes. We willdiscuss two methods: the ISO
and the Unified National Threadmethod.
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Reading a Unified National Thread Note
Major Diameter
Threads per InchIdentifies coarse or fine
thread. In this case, C for coarse.F is for fine.
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Reading a ISO Thread Notes
M for Metric
Nominal DiameterIn Millimeters
Pitch of the threads.
This number can be 3,4,5,6,7,8,9. It is the grade of tolerance in the threads
from fine to coarse. The H is for allowance:G would be a tight allowance and
H is no allowance.
Prior to THRU, you may have an LHfor left hand thread.
Finally THRU or a depth may be specified.
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TolerancesTolerances
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Variation is Unavoidable
• No two manufactured objects are identical in every way. Some degree of variation will exist.
• Engineers apply tolerances to part dimensions to reduce the amount of variation that occurs.
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ANSI/ASME Standard
ANSI/ASME Standard Y14.5
Each dimension shall have a tolerance, except those dimensions specifically identified as reference, maximum, minimum, or stock. The tolerance may be applied directly to the dimension or indicated by a general note located in the title block of the drawing.
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Tolerances
A tolerance is an acceptable amount of dimensional variation that will still allow an object to function correctly.
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Tolerances
A tolerance is an acceptable amount of dimensional variation that will still allow an object to function correctly.
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Tolerances
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Three basic tolerances that occur most often on working drawings are: limit dimensions, unilateral, and bilateral tolerances.
Tolerances
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Tolerances
Three basic tolerances that occur most often on working drawings are: limit dimensions, unilateral, and bilateral tolerances.
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Limit Dimensions
Limit dimensions are two dimensional values stacked on top of each other. The dimensions show the largest and smallest values allowed. Anything in between these values is acceptable.
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These are limit dimensions,because the upper and
lower dimensional sizes arestacked on top of each other.
Limit Dimensions
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Unilateral Tolerance
A unilateral tolerance exists when a target dimension is given along with a tolerance that allows variation to occur in only one direction.
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This tolerance is unilateral, becausethe size may only
deviate in one direction.
Unilateral Tolerance
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Bilateral Tolerance
A bilateral tolerance exists if the variation from a target dimension is shown occurring in both the positive and negative directions.
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If no tolerances are specified at the dimension level, then general tolerances may be applied by deliberately controlling the number of values past the decimal point on each dimension.
General Tolerances
Linear Dimensions
X.X = ± .020
X.XX = ± .010
X.XXX = ± .005
Angles = ± .5°
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General TolerancesTolerances
X.X = ± .020
X.XX = ± .010
X.XXX = ± .005
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The total tolerance is a value that describes the maximum amount of variation.
Tolerance = .010
.500
.020
.490 .510Target Dimension
Total Tolerance
Total Tolerance = .020
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A measuring device should be able to accurately measure within 1/10th of the total blueprint tolerance identified.
Total Tolerance
.500
.020
.490 .510Target Dimension
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Total tolerance =.0201
10=
.020x
10x =.020 x =.002
In this case, a measuring device should be able to take accurate measurements to within two thousandths of an inch.
Tolerances and Measuring
X = the minimum accuracy of the measuring device
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Three Types of Fit
There are three types of fit that should be considered when working with tolerances.
• Clearance Fit- have limits of size so prescribed that a clearance always results when mating parts are assembled.
• Interference Fit- have limits of size so prescribed that an interference always results when mating parts are assembled.
• Transition Fit- have limits of size indicating that either a clearance or an interference may result when mating parts are assembled.